7. stating the state of e-learning: today and into the future curt bonk, ph.d., [email protected]...

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7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., [email protected] Indiana University and CourseShare.com http://CourseShare.com http://php.indiana.edu/~cjbonk

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Page 1: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future

Curt Bonk, Ph.D., [email protected] University and CourseShare.com

http://CourseShare.com

http://php.indiana.edu/~cjbonk

Page 2: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

What is happening in higher education?

http://courseshare.com/Reports.php or http://PublicationShare.com

Page 3: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Sample of Other Recent Surveys

1. A Survey of Traditional and Distance Learning Higher Education Members, 2000, The National Education Association.

2. Quality on the Line: Benchmarks for Success in Internet-Based Distance Education, 2000, Report from Institute for Higher Education Policy; sponsored by NEA and Blackboard.

3. Surveying the Digital Future, 2000, 2001, UCLA.4. Distance Education at Postsecondary Institutions:

1997-98, published in 1999, National Center for Educational Statistics.

Page 4: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

A Vision of E-learning for America’s Workforce

Report of the Commission on Technology and Adult Learning, (2001, June)

• A remarkable 84 percent of two-and four-year colleges in the United States expect to offer distance learning courses in 2002” (only 58% did in 1998) (US Dept of Education report, 2000)

• The percentage of post-secondary students enrolled in distance ed is expected to triple from just 5 percent in 1998 to 15 percent in 2002.

Page 5: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Survey Finds Concern on Administrative Computing

Chronicle of Higher Ed, June 22, 2001, A33, Jeffrey R. Young

“Campus-technology leaders say they worry more about administrative-computing systems than about anything else related to their jobs.”

(survey by Educause—an academic-technology consortium)

Page 6: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Survey #1: 222 College Faculty(Early Adopters of the Web)

Page 7: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Survey Limitations

• Sample pool Web savvy

• The Web is changing rapidly

• Lengthy survey

• Some were administrators

• Does not address all issues

Page 8: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Higher Education Fantasies

• Faculty just need a bit more training.

• Young faculty will jump on this.

• Pedagogical tools exist to TEACH online.

• Faculty will flock to sophisticated tech.

• Faculty are loyal.

• Web instruction is an either/or decision.

Page 9: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Figure 3. Size of Respondent Institutions

20%

26%

54%

Less than 3,000 students

3,000 - 9,999 students

More than 10,000students

N = 218

Page 10: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Figure 7. Rank of Respondents

60%17%

8%

5%

10% Professor or AssocProfessor

Assistant Professor

Adjunct Professor

Lecturer

Other (e.g., adminplus faculty)

Figure 8. Educational Attainment of Respondents

2%

22%

6%

70%

Baccalaureate

Masters

ABD

Doctoral

Page 11: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Respondent's Age

7%

44%47%

2%

20-35

36-50

51-65

66+

N=218

How Old Are Early Web Adopters?

                              

Page 12: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Why Post to MERLOT or WLH*

020406080

100120

Requir

ed

Marke

t Self

Cours

e Sha

ring

Impo

rtant

Share

The

ories

or S

trate

gies

Expe

rimen

t

Grow

th Fun

Other

ReasonsN = 211 (*Note: Categories are not mutually exclusive.)

Nu

mb

er

of

Re

sp

on

de

nts

Why post to MERLOT.org or the WLH?

Page 13: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Internet Access

• 78 percent had Internet access in their current or most recent classroom.

• 93 percent had computer lab accessibility.

• 97 percent had home access.– Note: This is more than double the 47 percent

of Americans who are users of the Internet at home as reported in a recent UCLA study (The UCLA Internet Report, 2000).

Page 14: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Study Says Net Users are Stressed, but Not Depressed, Los Angeles Times.

New study: More time online…• Extroverts = better mood, less lonelier, & higher self-esteem.• Introverts = the lonlier, more unhappy, used Net more for

entertainment not social contact.

“The previously reported negative outcomes associated with the Internet had all but disappeared…except for the association with increased stress”

Are you a Web Hog???

(do you hog the modem pool?)

Page 15: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com
Page 16: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Any Online Teaching Experiences?

Figure 18. Online Teaching Experiences

None24%

Partially Online39%

Completely Online19%

Partially and Completely

18%

Page 17: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Figure 19. Degree of Comfort with Web Skills

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

HTML

Chat

File Attachments

Online Discussion

Courseware

Percent of Respondents

Low Medium High

Page 18: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Online Courses are the Property of an Institution, Not an Instructor (N= 215)

Strongly Disagree

34%

Disagree29%

Unsure21%

Agree12%

Strongly Agree4%

Who Owns Online Courses?

Page 19: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Is Teaching Online Time-Consuming?

Figure 20. Teaching Online Courses is More Time-Consuming than Teaching Traditional Courses

Agree41%

Strongly Disagree

2%Unsure

10%

Disagree6%

Strongly Agree41%

Page 20: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Figure 23. Primary Insitutional Motives for Developing Online Education

0102030405060

Str

ongl

yD

isag

ree

Dis

agre

e

Uns

ure

Agr

ee

Str

ongl

yA

greeP

erce

nt

of

Res

po

nd

ents

Profit

Learning

Access

Page 21: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Figure 15. Comfortable with Degrees Earned Entirely Online

01020304050

Str

ongl

yD

isag

ree

Dis

agre

e

Uns

ure

Agr

ee

Str

ongl

yA

greeP

erce

nt

of

Res

po

nd

ents

Bachelor's

Master's

Doctoral

Page 22: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Courseware Systems

• 83 percent were provided a Web-based platform or courseware system

• 22 percent more than one.

• 27 of those making a decision had more than one.

• 10 percent had access to three courseware systems or conferencing tools.

Page 23: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Courseware Features Like with Current Tool

• Comprehensive, consistent, customizable• Ease of use, flexible, reliable• Data and course security• Detailed statistics on bulletin board use• Good online help• Internal e-mail systems, drop boxes, chats• Posting of tasks & due dates on Web• Randomized test banks

Page 24: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

What Percent of Time Teach Online?

Figure 21. Percent of Instructional Time Spent Teaching Online During the Next Decade

0

20

40

60

80

1 Year 2 Years 5 Years 10 Years

Time Teaching Online

Pe

rce

nt

of

Re

sp

on

de

nts

0%

1-25%

25-50%

51-75%

76-100%

Page 25: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Freelance or Adjunct Web-Based Teaching

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Past Experience Interest in Next 5 Years

Pe

rce

nt

of

Re

sp

on

de

nts

Yes

No

Interested in Freelance Instruction?

Page 26: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com
Page 27: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Any Obstacles to Teaching Online?

Figure 32. Major Obstacles to Use of the Web in Teaching

010203040506070

Obstacles

Per

cen

t o

f R

esp

on

den

ts

Page 28: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com
Page 29: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Problems FacedAdministrative:• “Lack of admin vision.”

• “Lack of incentive from admin and the fact that they do not understand the time needed.”

• “Lack of system support.”

• “Little recognition that this is valuable.”

• “Rapacious U intellectual property policy.”

• “Unclear univ. policies concerning int property.”

Pedagogical:• “Difficulty in performing

lab experiments online.”• “Lack of appropriate

models for pedagogy.”

Time-related:• “More ideas than time to

implement.” • “Not enough time to

correct online assign.”• “People need sleep; Web

spins forever.”

Page 30: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Figure 35. Supports Needed for Web-Based Teaching By Institution Type

020406080

100

Per

cen

t o

f R

esp

on

den

ts

Private Public

Page 31: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com
Page 32: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Does technical support vary by size??

Figure 33. Perceived Lack of Support for Technical Problems and Courseware Development by Institutional

Size

0102030405060

under 3,000 3,000-9,999 10,000 or more

Per

cen

t o

f R

esp

on

den

ts

Institutional Size

Page 33: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com
Page 34: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com
Page 35: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Figure 26. Organizational Level of Instructional Technology Decisions Related to Web-Based

Teaching by Size of Institution

01020304050607080

Per

cen

t o

f R

esp

on

den

ts

under 3,000

3,000-9,999

10,000 or more

Page 36: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Figure 17. Suggested Instructor Compensation for Teaching Online

05

10152025303540

Stip

ends

Cou

rse

Roy

altie

s

Sal

ary

Rec

ogni

tion

Rel

ease

Tim

e

Oth

er

No

Add

'lC

ompe

nsat

ion

Compensation

Per

cen

t o

f R

esp

on

den

ts

Page 37: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Online Technology Pushes Pedagogy to the ForefrontFrank Newman & Jamie Scurry, Chronicle of

Higher Education, July 13, 2001, B7.

“Many faculty members are still concerned whether the technology is simple and reliable enough to use for more-sophisticated learning tasks. Increasingly, however, better software is emerging that engages students in more effective learning.”

Page 38: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

What Instructional Activities are Needed?

Figure 30. Online Instructional Activities

010203040506070

ScientificSimulations

Data Analysis Lab Performance Critical andCreative Thinking

Per

cen

t o

f R

esp

on

den

ts

Actual Use High Usefulness

Page 39: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Figure 36. Important Features of Free Course-Sharing Community

0102030405060708090

Sto

ryte

lling

New

slet

ters

Rec

ogni

tion

Cla

ssM

anag

emen

tT

ips Exp

ert

Adv

ice

Ans

wer

s to

Teac

hing

Pro

blem

s

Ped

agog

ical

Idea

s

Per

cen

t o

f R

esp

on

den

ts

Page 40: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

General Recommendations

1. Develop Instructor Training Programs

2. Foster Instructor Recognition and Support

3. Create Instructor & Resource Sharing Tools

4. Develop Online Learning Policies

5. Conduct Online Learning Research

6. Form Online Learning Dev Partnerships

7. Create/Test Online Learning Pedagogy

Page 41: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Survey #2: 201 Trainers, Instructors, Managers, Instructional Designers,

CEOs, CLOs, etc.

Page 42: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

More Survey Limitations

• Low Response Rate

• Web Interested Sample

• Broad Backgrounds

• Lengthy Survey

• Tech Limitations

Page 43: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Figure 38. Instructional Strategies Perceived as Fairly Equally Supported by Online and Traditional Classroom Environments

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Exploration StudentGenerated

Content

Case-Based GuildedLearning

PBL Modeling

Per

cen

t o

f R

esp

on

den

ts

Online

Traditional

Equal

Page 44: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Figure 39. Instructional Strategies Perceived as Better Supported by Online than Traditional Classroom

Environments

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Group ProbSolving &

Collab

SocraticQuestioning

Role Play &Simulations

Discussion Coaching orMentoring

Lecturing

Pe

rce

nt

of

Re

sp

on

de

nts

Online

Traditional

Equal

Page 45: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Figure 40. Important Characteristics of Web-Based Learning

0 20 40 60 80 100

Relevant Materials

ResponsiveFeedback

Goal-Driven

Personal Growth

Choice/Flexibility

Interactive/Collab.

Variety/Novelty

Curiosity/Fun

Percent of Respondents

Page 46: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Figure 41. Activities Learners Would Deem Highly Engaging and Useful

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Cases or Job Reflections

Brainstorming

Group Projects/Teams

Electronic Guests/Mentoring

Students Leading Discussion

Symposia/Panels

Voting/Polling

E-mail Pals/Peer Review

Percent of Respondents

Page 47: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Figure 35. Instructor Tools with High Growth Potential

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Trainer TaskCollaboration

Critical/CreativeThinking

Feedback andAnnotations

Demonstrations

Trainer Profiles

Percent of Respondents Indicating High Usefulness for a ParticularTool or Resource But Not Currently Using It

Page 48: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

So what happens to the

University???

Note: any predictions are bound to be too conservative!!!

Page 49: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Universities Replaced? No...

• Most distance lrng is mixed--Web & Live

• Brick and mortar needs to be used

• Online learning only approximates live lrng

• Expanding birth rate = need for more educ.

• Web learning is for select reasons

• Most colleges will find their niche

• Socialization argument– (the 18-20 year old need to party hardy)

Page 50: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Universities Replaced--Yes!

• Web has more potential for active lrng.

• Tchg/lrng expectations are changing fast!

• Expanding birth rate– Payoffs from experiments in 3rd world countries.

• Web courses can be repurposed/reused.

• Web learning will increase in stability

• Real chance to overthrow the system!!!

• Who needs more football and drinking?

Page 51: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Forces Acting Against Replacement

• Yes, radical change, but room for both• High actual costs of online learning• Difficult to be animated on the Web• Hard to measure benefits• Tenure & hard to change practices,

procedures, expectations• Institutional Politics• Eye damage reports due to overexposure

Page 52: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

How are costs calculated in online programs???

Page 53: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Forces In Favor of Replacement• States not funding as highly as before

• Wireless technology; add’l emerging tech

• Global economy and marketplace

• Commercialization of best lrng products

• Innovative faculty; stalling universities

• Demand for learning/just in time info

• Lots of wasted space in university offices

Page 54: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Faculty Member in 2020

• Track 1: Technical Specialist• Track 2: Personal Guide• Track 3: Online Facilitator• Track 4: Course Developer• Track 5: Course or Program Manager• Track 6: Work for Hire Online Lecturer• Track 7: High School Teacher• Track 8: Unemployed

Page 55: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Student Differences in 2020• Live Longer• More Educated

– Multiple Degrees– Accustomed to Multiple Learning Formats– Design own programs and courses

• Specialists AND Generalists• Courses/Degrees for unknown

occupations• Expect to Take Courses Where Live• Cyber-students (various digital aids attached to appendages)

Page 56: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Typical Technology in 2020

• Global Chat, Interplanetary Chat– Guest Lectures from Mars, Space Shuttle, Moon

• Global Instructors (with online skill ratings)

• Intelligent Tutors, Butlers, and Agents• E-Course Generators and Object Sharing• Lifetime Cyberlearning Stats & Educ

Genealogies• Language Translation Tools• Online Essay Plagiarism Check & Scoring

Page 57: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Possible Roles of University in 2020

• Meeting place (degrees conferred, picnics, etc.)

• Certificate grantor• Online tech support desk• Matchmaking: pair students with instructors &

other students for counseling/mentoring• Research online learning communities• Outward bound-like experiences (tours and

experiences of what universities used to be like)

Page 58: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Possible Scenarios by Year 2020

• Virtual U’s and Traditional U’s Coexist

• Traditional Univ’s buy stake in Virtual U’s

• Traditional Univ’s form Consortia

• Some Trad U’s Move Ahead, Some Don’t

• Other Technology arise well beyond Web

• Large Virtual U’s Buy Competing Traditional U’s and shut them down

Page 59: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

What Uses for Old Institutions of Higher Learning???

• Museums

• Historical Monuments

• Bomb Shelters

• Resorts and Apartment Complexes

• Nostalgic Retirement Homes

• Green Space

• Prisons

Page 60: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

Final Advice• Use blended or flexible approaches.

• Distribute success stories.

• Read published reports.

• Negotiate partnerships.

• Find ways to share resources.

• Help build better e-learning tools.

• Try things out & let me know what works.

Page 61: 7. Stating the State of E-Learning: Today and Into the Future Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk@indiana.edu Indiana University and CourseShare.com

So, any questions about the state of things?