7.1.1 biosphere, biogeographical regions, biomess, habitats, microhabitats, ecological niche 7.1.2...
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ECOLOGY
BY GROUP 1
7.1.1 Biosphere, biogeographical regions, biomess, habitats, microhabitats, ecological niche 7.1.2 The environment a. The physical environment b. The biotic environment 7.1.3 The scope of ecology 7.1.4 Factors affecting the distribution of Organism 7.1.5 Aquatic and terrestrial biomes
7.1 Introduction to Ecology
7.1.1 Biosphere,biogeographical regions,biomess,habitats,microhabitats, ecological niche
BIOSPHERE The parts of the land, sea, and atmosphere in which organisms ar
e able to live.
The biosphere is an irregularly shaped, relatively thin zone in which life is concentrated on or near the Earth's surface and throughout its waters.
BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS An area of animal and plant distribution having similar or shared
characteristics throughout
Biogeographic regions determined independently for different groups of organisms usually coincide
Helps understand evolutionary and geological factors that contributed to regional patterns of biodiversity
• Palaearctic*: Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor, the Himalayas and northern Asia.
• Nearctic: Canada, the U.S.A. and temperate Mexico.
• Neotropical: Central and South America.
• Afrotropical: Sub-Saharan Africa.
• Oriental: India to Indonesia.• Australasian: Australia, New
Zealand and New Guinea.
(* The division of the Palaearctic into an eastern and a western subregion follows that given by de Lattin (1967), which approximates to the course of the Yenisey River in Russia.)
BIOMESS A biomess is a large region characterized by a specific kind of
climate and certain kinds of plant and animal communities
There are terrestrial biomes (land) and aquatic biomes,both freshwater and marine(saltwater)
HABITATS
A habitat is a place where animals or plants live,where they get food,water and shelter.
Habitats vary greatly from organism to organism,because all living things have different needs of survival.
Some species have flexible habitat needs,while other species require very specific habitats in order to survive.
MICROHABITATS The precise location within a habitat where a species is normally found
It is a small ,often highly specialized, and effectively isolated location
The term microhabitat generally applies to invertebrates which do not forage widely
Example: Within a woodland habitat, woodlice may be found in the microhabitat provided beneath the bark of the rotting wood
ECOLOGICAL NICHE
The place or function of a given organism within its ecosystem.
Niche: A species role within it’s habitat
Different organisms may compete for the same niche.
Example: in a forest there may be a niche for an organism that can fly and eat nectar from blossoms.
The Scope Of Ecology
Ecology is a term coined from the Greek oikos, which means home, and the Latin and Greek roots of our word logic, which refers to scientific study or thought.
Emphasis
It was planned on specific characteristics .
To be successful in its habit .
Ecology represents an extension of that hierarchy :
Species : individuals identified by their common genetic makeup , behavior , physical characteristic and ability breed .
Population : individual of particular species with given area .
Community : consists of all living organism in a given area .
Ecosystem : biotic and abiotic companents of a habitat and interrelationship .
Biosphere : connected to all ecosystem and data of their interrelationship
Homeostasis
Process – photosynthesis
- metabolism
Materials – oxygen
- nutrients
- carbon dioxide
- waste
Organism – predators
- prey
THE END
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