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Project Management

Eng. K.C Wickramasinghe

BSc(Hon’s), AMIESL

Dept. of Mechanical & Manufacturing

Engineering,

Faculty of Engineering,

University of Ruhuna.

Lecture Session 01

01

Production and Operations

Management

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Project: is an interrelated set of activities that has a definite starting and ending

point and that results in a unique product or service.

Project: is a temporary endeavour undertaken to create a unique product or

service.

Project Management Institute, A Guide to the Project Management Body

of Knowledge, Project Management Institute, Sylva, NC, 1994.

– Ex: Developing new products, Conducting company audits, , Changing

the company layout, Planning weddings, Providing disaster relief

Projects Involve Multiple Resources

– Both human and nonhuman, require close coordination

– There are conflicts for resources as to quantity, timing, and specific

assignments, along with other sources of conflict in projects.

Introduction

02

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Project Management: involves the coordination of tasks, people, organizations, and

other resources to achieve a goal.

Major Elements:

– Project manager : establish means to achieve project goals, integrate the

various personal for activities, specify how the work done, necessary

training, timing, etc.. – Project team : size of the team fluctuate during the life of the project,

people- different functional areas, suppliers of materials, services,

components, etc.

– Project management system: consists of

• Organizational structure – specified by top management and defines the

relationship of the project team members to the project manager

• Information system – information relate to performance, cost, resource

usage, schedule changes, project completion, etc.

Elements of Project Management

03

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Network Planning Methods

04

Treat a project as a set of interrelated activities that can be visually

displayed as a network diagram.

Methods:

PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique)

CPM (Critical Path Method)

Monte Carlo Simulation

DCPM (Decision CPM)

GERT (Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique)

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05


PERT: 1950’s, US Navy project

CPM: 1950’s, J E Kelly & M R Walker -scheduling maintenance

shutdowns at chemical processing plants

• Differences minor. So consider asPERT/CPM

here

Monte Carlo Simulation :Time computations are the same as in

PERT/CPM except they are repeated many times.

Uncertainties of all activities that precede a given event are

considered in determining the uncertainty of that event

Deal with the problem late completion

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06

DCPM: Provision for identifying alternative methods of

performing the same task

• Allows alternative task sets to be defined,

• A task set is preceded by a decision node.

GERT: considered an extension of DCPM

GANTT Chart:

WBS (Work Breakdown Structure):

Identifies the work content (for which the contractor is to be

paid) of the project

sequential relationships define later (Network dia.)

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07

But the importance is,

Team work

Clearly identify project responsibilities

Simple & timely progress reporting system

Good people management practices

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Managing a project with PERT/CPM

Steps:

1. Describing the Project• Clear statement of project’s end point

• Define all project activities and precedence relationships

2. Diagramming the network• Precedence relationships are presented by a network diagram

• Two Approaches:

• AOA (Activity on Arc)

• AON (Activity on Node)

3. Estimating time of completion

4. Monitoring project progress

08

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Example: A Hospital Project In the interest of better serving the public in St. Adolf’s Hospital has decided to

relocate from Christofer to Northville, a large suburb that at present has no primarymedical facility. The move to Northville will involve constructing a new hospital and

making it operational. The table shows the precedence relationship for this project

09

Activity DescriptionImmediate

Predecessor(s)A Select administrative and medical staff -

B Select site & do site survey -

C Select equipment A

D Prepare final construction plans & layout B

E Bring utilities to the site B

F Interview applicants A

G Purchase & delivery of equipment C

H Construct he hospital D

I Develop an information system A

J Install the equipments E,G,H

K Train nurses and supportive staff F,I,J

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