7.6 air pollution and smoking 1 air pollution and smoking 7.67.67.67.6
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking 1
Air pollution and smoking
7.7.66
7.6 Air pollution and smoking 2
Effects of polluted air on our health
Burning fossil fuels gives out
air pollutants (空氣污染物 )
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Effects of polluted air on our health sulphur dioxide
(二氧化硫 )
nitrogen oxides (氮氧化物 )
carbon monoxide (一氧化碳 )ozone
(臭氧 )
suspended particulates (懸浮粒子 )
air pollutants
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Effects of polluted air on our health
sulphur dioxide
nitrogen oxides
Effect:
irritate our eyes and throat
7.6 Air pollution and smoking
Effect:
irritate our lungs
5
Effects of polluted air on our healthcarbon particles
sulphur dioxide
nitrogen oxides
7.6 Air pollution and smoking
Effect:
irritate our lungs
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Effects of polluted air on our healthcarbon particles
sulphur dioxide
nitrogen oxidesrespiratory diseases like bronchitis and
asthma
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Effects of polluted air on our healthlead particles Effect:
adversely affect brain functions
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Effects of polluted air on our healthcarbon monoxide Effect:
lowers amount of oxygen in blood
dizziness and headaches
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Breathing in air with pollutants can cause various health problems.
Effects of polluted air on our health
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Air pollution index (API)
What does this tells us?
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reported by the Environmental Protection Department (EPD)
Air pollution index (API)
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ranges from 0 to 500Air pollution index (API)
divided into 5 levels
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Air pollution index (API)air quality monitoring station (空氣質素監測
站 )
instruments for measuring the levels of certain air pollutants
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Air pollution
levelAPI Effect Action
Air pollution index (API)
None No action isNeeded
0|
25
Low
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Air pollution
levelAPI Effect Action
Air pollution index (API)
None No immediate action is needed
26|
50
Medium
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Air pollution
levelAPI Effect Action
Immediate health effects in very few people
No immediate action is needed
51|
100
High
Air pollution index (API)
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Air pollution
levelAPI Effect Action
Health conditions of people with heart or respiratory diseases may worsen mildly
People with heart or respiratory diseases should reduce physicaland outdoor activities
101|
200
Very high
Air pollution index (API)
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Air pollution
levelAPI Effect Action
Wheezing and coughing among general public;health conditions of people with heart or respiratory diseases may worsen significantly
All people should reducephysical and outdooractivities
Severe201
|
500
Air pollution index (API)
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The API describes the air quality. The higher the API, the poorer the air quality.
Air pollution index (API)
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7.5Air quality in Hong Kong
Air quality
monitoring
station
Distribution of hourly API
(number of hours)
Low
(0–25)
Medium
(26–50)
High
(51–100)
Very high
(101–200)
Severe
(201–500)
A 115 978 972 35 0
B 182 952 966 0 0
C 0 881 1208 11 0
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7.51 Which station (A, B or C) is most
probably located in the rural area? Explain your answer.
Station B, because the API was never recorded as very high or severe over the three months. It also has the largest number of hours recorded with low air pollution level.
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7.52 Suppose station C is located in
Causeway Bay. Suggest reasons for the poor air quality in Causeway Bay.
The heavy traffic in Causeway Bay releases a large amount of exhaust gas. The air pollutants in the exhaust gas are trapped in the area by tall buildings.
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Effects of smoking on our health
Say NO to smoking!
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Effects of smoking on our health> 4000 chemicals in cigarette smoke
> 50 harmful to health
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Cigarette smoking model7.20 Experiment
video
1
cigarette
to air pump
cotton woolU-shaped tube
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2
light the cigarette
turn on the air pump
7.20
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What happens to the colour of the cotton wool?It turns yellow/brown.
2
7.20
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Effect of smoking on our health
the yellow substance left is tar (焦油 )
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Effect of smoking on our health
tar
black tar deposits
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Effect of smoking on our healthfrom a healthy person
from a smoker
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Effect of smoking on our health
Tar• Causes throat and lung cancer• Causes coughs and other respiratory diseases,
e.g. bronchitis
• Stains the teeth and finger nails
7.6 Air pollution and smoking
Nicotine (尼古丁 ) • Lowers the oxygen content in blood
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Effect of smoking on our health
• Increases heart rate and blood pressure• Leads to heart diseases
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Carbon monoxide• Lowers the oxygen content in blood
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Effect of smoking on our health
7.6 Air pollution and smoking
Hydrogen cyanide (氰化氫 )
• Irritates the eyes, nose and skin
34
Effect of smoking on our health
• Causes weakness, headaches and vomiting
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Passive smoking
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Passive smoking
Immediate effects
eye irritation
headaches
coughs
sore throat
dizziness
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Passive smoking
Long-term effects
increased risk of smoking-related diseases
(e.g. respiratory diseases, lung cancer and heart diseases)
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Non-smokers’ lung and smokers’ lung
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Smoking and passive smoking largely increase the risk of developing respiratory diseases, lung cancer and heart diseases.
Effect of smoking on our health
7.6 Air pollution and smoking
1 The major cause of air pollution is the burning of large amounts of
__________.
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fossil fuels
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2 Air pollutants can cause respiratory diseases such as __________ and __________.
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77
bronchitisasthma
7.6 Air pollution and smoking
3 The range of the Air Pollution Index is divided into ______ air pollution levels.
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five
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7.6 Air pollution and smoking
4 ______ is a yellow substance in cigarette smoke. It can cause cancer.
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Tar
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5 Cigarette smoking is addictive because cigarette smoke contains ________.nicotine
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