VALLEY FORGE NATIONAL PARKArjun Madhavan

OVERVIEW

• Power Point

• Relevance

• Revolutionary War

• History of Valley Forge

• Valley Forge Today

• Park and Conservation

• My Experience

• Class Activity

• Conclusion

THESIS

Valley Forge National Park serves as a peaceful reminder of freedom won by sacrifices long ago. Its 3,600 acres of picturesque, rolling hills serve as an example of the importance of environment conservation.

PERSONAL RELEVANCE

History

Biology

Proximity

Conservation

RELEVANCE OF VALLEY FORGE

Most historic place around our area

Scenic beauty

Importance in Revolutionary War

Education (false information) http://interfacelift.com/wallpaper_beta/D35ebee6/01773_valleyforge_1280x800.jpg

THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR

1775-1783

“The American Revolutionary War” or “American War of Independence”

War between Great Britain and 13 former British Colonies

Colonists Rebel

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/United_States_Northern_Command_emblem.png

COMBATANTS

Colonists divided on support

Patriots & Loyalists

British

European Nations

African Americans

Native Americanshttp://www.thecaptainsmemos.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/Revolutionary-War.jpg

BRITISH ARMY

Spans over three and a half centuries

Occupies Boston in 1786

Boston Massacre of 1770

http://www.navycs.com/gallery2/d/9417-2/british-army-flag.jpg

AMERICAN CONTINENTAL ARMY

Formed May 10th, 1775

Local Militias

Disbanded in 1783http://files.myopera.com/SiBrunk/albums/691571/revolutionary-war-soldiers.jpg

http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~njobtdar/images/ValleyForge.gif

GEORGE WASHINGTON

Commander-in-Chief

Morale Booster

Becomes First Presidenthttp://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/uploads/2009/04/george-washington-gilbert-stuart.jpg

http://www.wicknet.org/history/jvanatta/gallery/General%20George%20Washington%20Resigning%20his%20Commission%20%28John%20Trumbull,%201824%29.jpg

BARON VON STEUBEN

Born in Germany

Meets with Ben Franklin

Washington sends him to Valley Forge

Spoke no English

Systematically trained American Soldiers

http://www.steubencony.org/hallfame/Steuben,%20Baren%20Von.jpgteachers.ewrsd.k12.nj.us/gray/Von_Steuben.jpg

BATTLES AROUND THE AREA

Philadelphia

Paoli, Brandywine, Germantown, Morristown, White Marsh

WHY VALLEY FORGE

Rest over the Winter of ’77

Close but not too close

Mount Joy Mount Misery

http://www.arago.si.edu/media/000/027/882/27882_lg.jpg

DECEMBER 19, 1777

12,000 arrive

Camp grounds selected

Construction of 2,000 of huts

http://www.freespiritart.com/images/winter-valley-forge.jpg

FOOD AND CLOTHING SHORTAGES

Irregular meat and bread supplies

Fire Cake

Starvation

Animal

Clothing

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Revolutionary_War_Cemetery,_Salem,_NY.jpg/300px-Revolutionary_War_Cemetery,_Salem,_NY.jpg

http://www.valley.forge.national-park.com/images/winterartillerqy.jpeg

DISEASE

Very Rampant

Poor sanitary conditions

Dysentery

Pneumonia

Jaundice

Typhoid www.solarnavigator.net/history/explorers_hist

DYSENTERY

Intestine

Uncooked food

Poor Hygiene

http://www.marriedtothesea.com/032607/dysentery.gif

PNEUMONIA

Lung

Bacteria

Viruses

Fungus

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_7wkLDqkdHt0/SU2nQi5P5KI/AAAAAAAAEfQ/ToGJuj3uTcE/s400/Pneumonia_anatomy.jpg

JAUNDICE

Blockage of Intestine

Discoloration of eyes

Discoloration of skin

www.mdconsult.com/.../0/0/10041/19512_en.jpg

TYPHOID

Contaminated Food & Water

Diarrhea, Rose Spots, Sweating

Intestinal Bleeding

Inflammation of Gall Bladder

http://www.vivaxim.ca/Images/vivaxim_cons_risk_map_en.gif

THE DEPARTURE

June 19, 1778

British advance to NY

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QGqu4ZDNdHw/ShG3MC2vnfI/AAAAAAAAAAk/IttbYwz-w1s/s320/revolutionary-war-007.jpghttp://oathkeepers.org/oath/wp-content/uploads/Washington-at-Valley-Forge.jpg

AFTER VALLEY FORGE

5 Years of Battle

Treaty of Paris

British leave New York

US Constitution

http://oathkeepers.org/oath/wp-content/uploads/Washington-at-Valley-Forg2e.jpg

TODAY

NATIONAL MEMORIAL ARCH

THREATS AND CONTROVERSIES

NEO-NAZI RALLY

http://fusco.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/untitled-34.jpg

http://expatbrian.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/swastika1.png

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS

http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3151/2752519669_e5ff3be2c3.jpg

INVASIVE PLANTS

http://www.jkinjectiontools.com/images/plantpics/hogweed_1.gif

INVASIVE PLANTS

Disrupt environments

Introduced by accident

Grow quickly

http://www.aldertreegarden.com/images/DSCN0508.jpg

JAPANESE STILT GRASS

PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE

MILE-A-MINUTE WEED

JAPANESE BARBERRY

http://www.burncoose.co.uk/site/img/products/large/berberis_thunbergii_golden_ring.jpghttp://pics.davesgarden.com/pics/2005/05/04/Kachinagirl/dd64d9.jpg

WHITE TAILED DEER

http://www.dupageforest.com/media/images/cms/District_News/Multimedia_Gallery/Photo_Galleries/White-Tailed-Deer-Fawn.jpg

http://www.theanimalfiles.com/images/white_tailed_deer_s2.jpg

RUSTY CRAYFISH

http://www.learninghowtofish.com/media/AIS/rustycrawfish.jpg

http://www.wisconline.com/feature/crayfish.jpg

ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN

http://depts.washington.edu/natmap/photos/mammals/white-tailed_deer_5924np.jpghttp://news.stanford.edu/news/2007/may2/gifs/plants_swordfern.jpg

http://bayareacomre.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/epa.jpg

APPLICATION

DATES

Saturday March 6th, 2010

Saturday April 3rd, 2010

Saturday May 1st, 2010

PARK AND TRAIL CLEAN UP

STEVE MULLIGAN

PARK AND TRAIL CLEAN UP

CLASS ACTIVITY

WORK CITED

EyeWitness to History. "The Continental Army at Valley Forge, 1777."      EyeWitness History. N.p., 2006. Web. 10 May 2010.      <http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/valleyforge.htm>

Bodyle, Wayne K. The Valley Forge Winter: Civilians and Soldiers in War.      University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002. Print.

Kaufman, Wallace, and Sylvan Ramsey Kaufman. Invasive Plants: A Guide to      Identification, Impacts, and Control of Common North American Species.      Mechanicsburgh PA: Stackpole Books, 2007. Print.

NPCA. "Valley Forge National Historical Park." NPCA. National Parks Conservation      Association, 2010. Web. 10 May 2010. <http://www.npca.org/mid_atlantic/      valley-forge.html>.

Ostrander, Stephen J. Great Natural Areas in Eastern Pennsylvania.      Mechanicsburgh PA: Stackpole Books, 1996. Print.

Radosevich, Steven R., Jodie S. Holt, and Claudio M. Ghersa. Ecology of weeds      and invasive plants. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. Print.

Reese, Lorett. Valley Forge: Making and Remaking a National Symbol. University      Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995. Print.

Emerson. "Valley Forge Convention & Visitor Center." Valley Forge. N.p., 2010.      Web. 15 May 2010. <http://www.valleyforge.org/nationalpark/>.

Hillclimb Media. "Valley Forge National Historical Park." National Parks. Media      Knowledge, 2007. Web. 18 May 2010.      <http://www.valley.forge.national-park.com/>.

Multieducator. "Revolutinary War." History Centeral. Multieducator, 1998. Web.      18 May 2010. <http://www.historycentral.com/Revolt/>.

Cunneen, Parker. "Revolutionary War." 42 Explore 2. 42 Explore 2, 2010. Web. 16      May 2010. <http://www.42explore2.com/revolt.htm>.

Hayes Weston. “Invasive Plants.” Ecology and Managment of Invasive Species. EMIS , 2007. Web. 16     May 2010. <http://www.invasiveplants.net/>.

NPCA. "Valley Forge National Historical Park." NPCA. National Parks Conservation      Association, 2010. Web. 10 May 2010. <http://www.npca.org/mid_atlantic/      valley-forge.html>.

Mealin, Andrew. "Plant Biology Index." North Carolina State University. NCSU,      2010. Web. 18 May 2010. <http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/plantbiology/>.

CONCLUSION