Glory/Fall of RomeMedieval Islam

Medieval West AfricaMedieval ChinaMedieval Japan

Medieval EuropeRenaissanceReformation

Scientific RevolutionMesoamerican Civilization

The Enlightenment

7th Grade History Review

Achievements of Rome to Fall of Rome

Aqueductscoins

ConcreteRoads

ArchitectureCity Planning

Latin LanguageMilitary Structure

Christianity spread

Fall of RomeInternal CauseVast size and Widespread corruption • Lack of fixed Succession• Under Diocletian, divided into Tetrarchy (rule by

4)-this hurt western half-lacked strong leadership

Other Causes and External Influence Economical-Heavy taxes; German

invasions hurt tax collection. Inflation-trade or commerce declined

and money became worthless. Agriculture- land could not support

civilization. Social-Civic pride decayed lack of

loyalty to Rome; mixed cultures because of barbarian immigration

Theodosius-Divides Empire-395

Byzantium renamed by Constantine in A.D. 330-Constantinople;now

Istanbul,Turkeybecame center of Byzantine Empire

Rome Fall to Odacer & Ostrogoths in 476 A. D.

JustinianTheodora

New Legal System-Justinian Code

(4652 Laws) Rebuilt Hagia

SophiaMosaics

Regained lost land from PersiansTrade Thrives

Byzantine Empire1453 conquered by

Seljuk TurksNika Revolt

Byzantine Empire Develops

ConfucianismDaoism

Buddhism

Medieval China’s DynastiesDynasty People Achievements Government

Sui581-618

Wen Di Grand Canal

Rebuilding of

Great Wall

Bureaucracy appointed

official head depts..

Tang 618-907

Li Shi Min Literature PoetryPaper

Largest extent of area ruled by any

empire

Civil Service Exams

Scholar ClassEqual- field system

Silk Road

Song960-1279

Taizu PoetryPorcelain

Technology Rice strain doubles

output

MeritocracyMoney Economy

Merchant Class & Farmers improve

status

Dynasty Founding Achievements Government

Yuan1271-1368

Kublai KhanMongols

Link to World Trade

Marco PoloForeign Dynasty

Gun Powder

Civil Service by Foreigners

Tax-Free Mongols

Wealth depleted Chinese rebelled

MingBrilliant1368-1644

Hong Wu-(Tai Zu)

Peasant general

Public Works renewal-extensive

rebuilding

Zheng He-made 7 voyages

All exploration stopped

Civil Service Exam Reestablish

Disposed of Prime Minister

Despotic Rule

Heavy tax = Peasant Rebellion

Medieval JapanHein Period 794-1185-First Novel-FujiwaraKamakura 1192-1333-Rise of the Shoguns and Feudalism

Ashikaga Shogunate 1338-1573Azuchi-Momoyama 1573-1603Edo (Tokugawa Shogunate) 1603-1868-Isolation

Prince Shotoku

Japan3000 islands-600 inhabited4 Main Islands:

Honshu, Kyushu,

Shikoku, and HokkaidoMountain terrain creates

political and natural barriers, and makes it difficult to grow food

Shinto ReligionKabuki TheaterPrince ShikokuTea CeremonyZen Buddhism

Murasaki Shikibu's Tale of Genji-1st novel (ca. 1002) Imperial Court

HaikuSamuraiShogunsFashionBushidoIsolation

Kabuki Theater

Tea Ceremony

Murasaki Shikibu

Zen Garden

•Daimyo/Shogun/Samurai•The Samurai Warrior follows Bushido=“Way of Warrior”•Sword-symbolic and prized weapon

Medieval Africa

Ghana, Mali, and Songhai

Masks/DancesGriots-Oral StorytellingArab historians-Ibn BattutaGold and Salt equal commoditiesSundiata-”The Lion King”Mansa MusaIslam spreadsSlave trade prevalentMosques Built TimbuktuNiger and Senegal RiversSahel and Sahara Deserts

Medieval Islam

Ka’bahQurayshOasisMonotheismMuhammad-founderMecca-birthplaceMedinaFive Pillars of IslamPilgrimage to MeccaQur’an-sacred bookMuslims-followersArabian PeninsulaFour Rightly Guided CaliphsShiites and SunnisAbbasids and Umayyads

Charlemagne

William the Conqueror

The Battle of Hastings-1066Bayeaux Tapestry

THE DOMESDAY BOOKCarolingian Dynasty

King of FranksHoly Roman Emperor-

800

European Feudal Society

Medieval Government

Habeas CorpusFeudalism-William I

Magna Carta-King John Parliament-Edward I

Independent Judiciary-Henry II

Edward I

Magna Carta

Henry II &

Thomas Becket

Medieval Society: Manors/Towns

Catholic ChurchPolitical, Intellectual, and Aesthetic

InstitutionFounding of Universities

Religious Orders

Patrons of Art & Architecture

Preservation of Latin

Scribes and Illuminations

Monasteries

Thomas Aquinas, Theologian – “Natural Law”

“Henry, king not through usurpation but through the holy ordination of God, to Hildebrand, at present not pope but false monk. Such greeting as this hast thou merited through thy disturbances, inasmuch as there is no grade in the church which thou has omitted to make a partaker not of honor but of confusion, not of benediction but of malediction.”

The Church’s Power Papacy vs. Monarchy

Henry IVGregory VII

1095-Pope Urban II calls Pope’s motives-reunite Western and Eastern Christian under his rule; control of European knight who were fighting with each otherKnight’s motives-granted land they conquered (only first-born could inherit feudal lands) Peasant’s motives-Promise of immediate salvation; free from bonds of feudal lord; adventure

1096-1099 1st Crusade- (People’s Crusade )Crusader States or outpost kingdoms, established with the capture of Jerusalem, Nicaea, Edessa, Acre

1147-1149 2nd Crusade- (Louis VII of France and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Conrad III of Germany)-Turks recapture Edessa

1189-1192 3rd Crusade (Crusade of Kings)- Richard the Lion-heart, Emperor Frederick I of Germany, Philip II of France

1202-1204 4th Crusade- “Sack of Constantinople”

The Crusades

The Black Plague

The Renaissance, Scientific Revolution, and the Reformation

“Rebirth”Humanism

Information SpreadsAdvances in:

Literature, Art, Science, Cartography, Anatomy,

Engineering, Mathematics Church Reforms and Great

Schism Inquisition Reformation

Counter-Reformation

Humanism and Printing Press

Copernicus

Printing Press

The Northern Renaissance

William ShakespeareChristopher Marlowe

Dante AlighieriUlrich Zwingli

KeplerIsaac Newton

Johannes GutenbergPrinting Press

ProtestantismCatholicism

Jesuits/Ignatius Loyola

John WycliffeDesiderius Erasmus

Martin LutherJohn Calvin

William TyndaleSir Thomas More-

Utopia

HumanismIndividualism

Sir Francis BaconScientific Method

DescartesScientific Rationalism

Elizabeth IHenry VIII

Martin BehaimNicholas Copernicus

Heliocentric vs GeocentricPetrarch

Italian Renaissance

RepublicsCity-StatesPatricians

Medici FamilyBankers

MerchantsSforza

Leonardo da Vinci

MichelangeloRealism

HumanismLouise Labe

MachiavelliThe Prince

Great SchismPope Leo XIndulgences

Heretics

PtolemyGalileo Galilei

PetrarchBoccaccioCervantes

BrunelleschiMercenaries

The ReformationPolitical, Economic, Theological

Questioning Church Authority

Luther

Erasmus Calvin

Pope Leo X

The Age of ExplorationBartholomew DiasPrince Henry the NavigatorVasco da GamaChristopher ColumbusMarco PoloFerdinand MagellanThe Conquistadors

Hunt for Knowledge

Spice Trade in Asia

Spread Religion

New Ships less Danger

Jesuits to China

Bullion and Caravel

Caravel, Astrolabe, Magnetic Compass

Enlightenment and Age of ReasonJohn Locke (govt. agreement between people and rule-govern fairly

Charles-Louis Montesquieu (limited power of Monarch)

Jean Jacques Rousseau (contract between govt. and people could be cancelled if not meeting needs)

Principles of Magna Carta embodied in English Bill of Rights and Declaration of Independence: Thomas Jefferson influenced

Natural Rights-life, liberty, and protection of Property

“…governments derive their power from the consent of the governed.”

Mesoamerican and Andean CivilizationMexico, Central America, South America:

Mayan, Aztec, and Incan CivilizationAztecs

Mayans Incas

Spanish Conquest of Mesoamerica

Cortez conquers Aztecs

Pizarro conquers Incas

Reason for Conquests:Disease brought disaster people

Took advantage of civil rebellion

Spanish weapons-superior

Different Beliefs and Cultural Rules increased tensions and agreements

Chinampas,”Floating Gardens”-allowed swampy ground to be farmed; irrigation channelsCalpullis-SettlementsBuilt TenochtitlanClass Structure: nobles (hereditary) , commoners, serfs( 1/3 pop.), and slaves (war captives, criminals)Temples, Pyramids, & Codices: historical accountsBeliefs: Fighting gods: Huitzilopochtli-sun/war god; Tlaloc-god of rain; Tezcatlipoca-fate god

AztecsVertical Economy, Terrace FarmingDeveloped the Quechua language; no real writing systemDeveloped a method of counting and keeping records using knots in strings-census and taxesProduced beautiful art-weaving and metal worksBuilders using stone and mortar; network of roadsPizarro invaded during a time of civil war and took Atahuallpa, the ruler, prisoner and killed him; Spanish took over empire

IncasMayasBuilt highly developed civilization of farming-corn, squash, and cottonNoble class ruleTwo calendars and time calculation;1-solar calendar with 365 daysMath system included zeroKnowledge of astronomyComplex Writing system of symbols, or glyphs200-ft high pyramids and elaborate temples; carved jade and pottery