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2.2. VNG CM GIC THN TH

Cmgic nng bao gmcmgic xcgic, nng, lnhv au.

Chia thnh 2 phn vng:

Vng cmgic chnh: Vng cmgic I

Vng cmgic II

Vng cmgic lin hp

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2.2.1. CM GIC NNG

Cm gic nng l cc cm gic c receptornm bn ngoi da, bao gm: Cm gic xc gic

Cm gic nhit Cm gic au

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a. Cmgic xc gic

Dntruyncmgic xc gic Chng th nht: dn truyn t receptor vo ty sng

- Nron th nht (noron ca hch gai): c thn nm hch gai cnh tysng. Si trc theo r sau dy thn kinh ty vo sng sau ty sng.

- Loi si dn truyn:

+ Loi si Ab c myelin: dn truyn nhanh cm gic xc gic tinh t gipxc nh chnh xc v tr, cng v s thay i ca kch thch.

+ Loi si C khng c myelin: dn truyn chm cm gic xc gic th snh p sut ln ton thn, nga

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a. Cmgic xc gic

Dntruyncmgic xc gic Chng th hai: dn truyn t ty sng ln i th

Dn truyn theo hai b: gai th sauv gai th trc

B gai th sau: si to, c myelin, dn truyn nhanh cm gic xc gic tinh t.

Nron th nht: si trc t ngoi bin vo n sng sau ty sng s ithng ln theo ct trng sau,tn cng nhn thon v nhn chm hnh no.

Nron th hai: thn nm nhn thon v nhn chm hnh no, si trc btcho sang bn kia tn cng nhn bng sau ca i th i bn. Ch btcho to thnh di Reil.

o Trn ng i b ny nhn thm cc si cm gic xc gic vng u mtca dy V.

B gai th trc: si nh, khng c myelin, dn truyn chm cm gic xcgic th s.ng dn truyn:

Nron th nht: si trc t ngoi bin vo tn cng sng sau ty sng.

Nron th hai: thn nm sng sau ty sng, si trc bt cho sang bnkia v i thng ln theo ct trng trc bn tn cng i th i bn.

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a. Cmgic xc gic

Dntruyncmgic xc gic

Chng th ba: dn truyn t i th ln v no

Nron th ba: thn nm i th, si trc tn cng thy nh ca v no.

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a. Cmgic xc gic

Trung tm xc gic vnoV no cm gic xc gic nm thy nh, gm hai vng:

Vng cm gic thn th I:nhn cc thng tin v cm gic tng phnc th theo cc hnh chiu tng ng, c im:

Din tch hnh chiu ca mt phn t l thun vi s lng receptor

c trn phn . Hnh chiu ca cc phn c th ln ngc: hnh chiu ca u nm

thp, pha ngoi; cn phn chi di li nm cao, pha trong.

Tn thng vng ny: bnh nhn khng cm nhn c s thayi p sut ln c th, khng nh gi ng trng lng ca vt,

khng nhn bit c hnh dng ca vt v tnh cht b mt ca vt.Bnh nhn vn nhn cm c nhit v au nhng khng nhn cmc chnh xc tnh cht, cng v nht l v tr ca 2 cm gic.

Vng cm gic thn th II: nhn cc thng tin n t vng I, vai trcha r.

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b. Cmgic nhitDntruyncmgic nhit Chng th nht: dn truyn t receptor vo ty sng Nron th nht (noron ca hch gai): c thn nm hch gai

cnh ty sng. Si trc theo r sau dy thn kinh ty n tncng sng sau ty sng.

Loi si dn truyn:

Loi si Ad c myelin: dn truyn nhanh cm gic lnh. Loi si C khng c myelin: dn truyn chm cm gic nng.

Chng th hai: dn truyn t ty sng ln thn no v i th Nron th hai: thn nm sng sau ty sng, si trc bt cho

sang bn kia v i thng ln theo b gai-th trc n tn cng

cht li thn no v phc hp bng nn ca i th. Chng th ba: dn truyn t i th ln v no Nron th ba: thn nm i th, si trc tn cng thy nh

ca v no.

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b. Cmgic nhit

Trung tm cmgic nhit vno V no cm gic nhit nm thy nh, ti y c

nhng nron nhn cm c hiu vi nng, lnh chotng vng ring ca c th.

Tn thng vng ny: bnh nhn khng cmnhn c nhit .

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C. Cmgic auDntruyncmgic au Chng th nht: dn truyn t receptor vo ty sng Nron th nht (noron ca hch gai): c thn nm hch gai cnh

ty sng. Si trc theo r sau dy thn kinh ty n tn cng sng sauty sng.

Loi si dn truyn:+ Loi si Ad c myelin: dn truyn nhanh cm gic au cp.+ Loi si C khng c myelin: dn truyn chm cm gic au mn.

Chng th hai: dn truyn t ty sng ln i th Nron th hai: thn nm sng sau ty sng, si trc bt cho sang

bn kia v i thng ln theo b gai-th trc bn n tn cng phchp bng nn ca i th.

Ngoi ra: xung ng cn c dn truyn theo b gai li tn cng cu to li thuc hnh no, cu no, no gia c hai bn; cc b gai-c-i th t ty cng bn i ln.

Chng th ba: dn truyn t i th ln v no Nron th ba: thn nm i th, si trc tn cng nn no v vng

cm gic au ca v no (khng c trung tm chuyn bit).

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C. Cmgic au

Trung tm cmgic au Vng cm gic au ca v no khng phi l mt

trung tm chuyn bit r rng.

V no c vai tr trong vic nh gi au nht l v

cht. V tr ca cm gic au cp c xc nh chnh

xc hn cm gic au mn.

Tn thng mt v vn cn cm gic au.

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2.2.2. PHN VNG

V tr: Tng ngvi vng 1B, 2B,3B, nmhisau

trung tm. Chc nng: chi

phi cm gic xcgic, nng lnhvau ca na thnbn idin.

a. Vng cmgic chnh

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Vng cmgic I:

Nmpha trcvtrn vng cmgic 2.

Hnh chiu cm giccc phn khc nhau

ca c th trn vno cm gic I: michim din tch lnnht, sau l mtv ngn ci, thn thv chi di chimdintch nhhn.

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Vng cmgic II Nmpha sau v pha divng I

Hnh chiu cm gic ca cc phn c th ln vng nyc nh v s xi hn: mt pha trc, cnh tay chnh giav chn pha sau.

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b) Vng cmgic lin hp

Vtr: Gmvng 5B v 7B nhntn hiuthnkinh ti

tvng cmgic I, nhn caith, vno thgic vvno thnh gic.

Vai tr: Giithch nghacatn hiucmgic ivovng cmgic I.

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Amorphosynthesis: l 1 bnh l c gi l

khng tnghpchnh th. Nguyn nhn: Khi vng cm gic lin hp 1

bn bcti.

Tnh trng: Bnh nhn b mt kh nng nhnbit nhng vt phc tp bng phng phpcmgic nathn pha idin. Ngoi ra cnb mt hu ht cm gic v hnh th ca na

thn i din, qun lun s hin dinca n.Hnnabnhnhn chnhnbitmtbn cavtthv qun mtnabn kia.

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2.3. CC VNG GIC QUAN

Thgic Thnh gic

Khugic

Vgic

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DN TRUYN XUNG NG TH GIC Chng 1- Dy th (Optic nerve): t vng mc n

cho th gic (optic chiasm). Dy th l tp hp sitrc ca cc t bo hch.

Chng 2- Di th (Optic tract): t cho th n thgi ngoi (lateral geniculate body). Ti cho th sithn kinh i t phn thi dng vng mc (phnmi th trng) i thng cng bn, cn si thn

kinh i t phn mi vng mc (phn thi dng thtrng) i cho sang bn kia to thnh di th.

Chng 3- B gi ca (Geniculocalcarine): tth gi ngoi n v no th gic s cp thy

chm.

2.3.1. CM GIC TH GIC

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DN TRUYN XUNG NG TH GIC

2.3.1. CM GIC TH GIC

th trngthi dng

th trng thidng

th trng mi

th trng mi

Vng mc thi dng

Vng mc thi dng

Vng mc mi

Vng mc mi

Dy th

Dy th

Di th

Di th

cho th

B gi ca

B gi ca

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TRUNG TM TH GIC V NOTrung tm th gic ca v no nm thy chm,gm: vng th gic s cp (primary visual cortex)v vng th gic th cp (secondary visualareas).

- Vng th gic s cp:trc tip nhn cc xungng n t mt. Chc nng l cho ta cm gicnh sng, bng ti, mu sc, cho ta nhn thy vt.Nu tn thng s khng nhn thy g.

- Vng th gic th cp:nhn cc xung ng nt vng th gic s cp. Chc nng l vng thgic nhn thc c vai tr phn tch cc nghaca hnh nh. Vng ny b tn thng nhn thy

vt nhng khng bit vt g.

2.3.1. CM GIC TH GIC

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DN TRUYN XUNG NG THNH GIC

Nron th nht: l cc t bo gic quan trn ngngCortitothnhphnc taica dy VIIIv n nhnlng vnhnbng.

Nron th hai: xut pht t nhn lng v nhn bngcady VIII v dnglinhn trm, thhnh thangcacuno ibn.

Nronthba: theo thReil bn ln thgitrong.

Nrontht: tthgitrong ln thy thi dngcavno.

Ngoi ra c mtsnronthhai khng btcho m tncng thgitrong v cno sinh tsau cng bn.

2.3.2. CM GIC THNH GIC

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TRUNG TM THNH GIC V NO

Vng thnh gic ca v no nm thy thi dng,gm:

Vng thnh g ic scp: trc tip nhn cc xung

ng n t tai. Chc nng l cho ta cm gic mthanh. Nutnthngskhng nghe thyg.

Vng thnh g ic thcp: nhn cc xung ngnt vng thnh gic scp. Chcnng l vng thnh

gic nhn thc c vai tr phn tch cc nghacam thanh nghe c. Vng ny b tn thng nghethytingnhngkhng bitl m g.

2.3.2. CM GIC THNH GIC

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2.3.3. CM GIC KHU GIC

ngi, vng khu gic t phat trin,ngngkch thch khugic rtthp, dovy trong thc t thngngi ta nhn

bit s hin din ca mi hn l cngmi.

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2.3.3. CM GIC KHU GIC

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- V tr:

+ u di hi sau trung tm nnp thy o.

+ Gn vng cm gic li cavng cm gic thn th I.

Vno vgic

Vng cm gic thn th I

2.3.4. CM GIC V GIC

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ng thn kinh v gic:

- 2/3 trc li: dy Vnhnh nhdy VII

- 1/3 sau li: dy IX

- y li, hu: dy X

- TK v gic u tn cng ti nhnb n c:+ Nrn II n gian no v i th.+ Nrn III tn cng ti hi nh lnv thy o.

2.3.4. CM GIC V GIC

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- V tr:

+ u di hi sau trung tm nnp thy o.

+ Gn vng cm gic li cavng cm gic thn th I.

V no v gic

Vng cm gic thn th I

- Chc nng: cm gic v v,nhit , c lng, cathc n.

- Nu b tn thng th li skhng nm c, b t.

2.3.4. CM GIC V GIC

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