8-2 notes – early earth history chapter 8, lesson 2
TRANSCRIPT
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8-2 Notes – Early Earth History8-2 Notes – Early Earth History
Chapter 8, Lesson 2Chapter 8, Lesson 2
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Life on Earth Changes Paleontologists discovered that the system
used to classify modern organisms could be used to classify fossils.
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Life on Earth Changes Fossils from rock layers that are touching
are more similar than fossils from widely separated layers.
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Life on Earth Changes The more recent a fossil was formed, the
more it resembles a living organism.
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Precambrian Time Precambrian time is 88% of
Earth’s history, and is split into 3 eons: Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic.
88%
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Precambrian Time Precambrian rocks are difficult to study
because they are rare, and have undergone metamorphism or been destroyed.
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Precambrian Time: Archean Eon Archean Eon sediments contain large
amounts of the minerals pyrite and uraninite.
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Precambrian Time: Archean Eon Today’s atmosphere contains oxygen that
quickly destroys these minerals through oxidation.
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Precambrian Time: Archean Eon So, we can conclude that Earth’s early
atmosphere had very little oxygen.
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Precambrian Time: Archean Eon The absence of oxygen suggests there was
no ozone layer during Precambrian time.
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Precambrian Time: Archean Eon Without ozone, ultraviolet rays from the sun
cause death or mutations in cells.
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Precambrian Time: Archean Eon Changes in one gene in an organism could
result in new life forms many generations later.
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Precambrian Time: Archean Eon Precambrian Time: Archean Eon through Proterozoic Eonthrough Proterozoic Eon
Cyanobacteria are one of the earliest organisms, and they undergo photosynthesis.
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Precambrian Time: Archean Eon Precambrian Time: Archean Eon through Proterozoic Eonthrough Proterozoic Eon
Stromatolites are mounds of alternating sediments and cyanobacteria that take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
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Precambrian Time: Archean Eon Precambrian Time: Archean Eon through Proterozoic Eonthrough Proterozoic Eon
Oxygen levels rose slowly as cyanobacteria and other early-life forms released oxygen.
Natural selection favored organisms that could tolerate or use oxygen.
The amount of ozone in the atmosphere increased.
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Precambrian Time: Proterozoic Eon The first invertebrate organisms, animals
without backbones, appeared during the Proterozoic Eon.
These were called Ediacaran fauna, and looked similar to present-day jellies, worms, and corals.
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Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era The first appearance of fossils of organisms
made from hard parts marks the end of the Proterozoic Eon, and the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon.
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Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era Because hard parts fossilize easier, fossils
are easier to find in Paleozoic rocks than Precambrian rocks.
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Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Cambrian PeriodCambrian Period
The first period in the Paleozoic Era is called the Cambrian Period.
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Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Cambrian PeriodCambrian Period
5 million years into the Cambrian Period, an event called the Cambrian Explosion occurred.
In a short amount of time, the number of animals with shells greatly increased.
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Invertebrates such as sponges, jellies, and corals also evolved during the Cambrian explosion.
Changes in trilobite body forms matched changes in the environment.
Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Cambrian PeriodCambrian Period
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A well-preserved 5-inch trilobite specimen from Morocco that swam in the ocean during the Devonian Period roughly 400
million years ago (evolved for over 300 million years)
Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Cambrian PeriodCambrian Period
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Throughout the Paleozoic era, the oceans contained a wide variety of invertebrate organisms, such as including corals and brachiopods.
Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Ordovician and Silurian PeriodsOrdovician and Silurian Periods
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10-cm. cockroaches, 74-cm. wingspan dragonflies were found on land in the Silurian Period.
Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Ordovician and Silurian PeriodsOrdovician and Silurian Periods
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Vertebrates, animals with backbones, evolved during the early Paleozoic era.
Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Ordovician and Silurian PeriodsOrdovician and Silurian Periods
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The first of these lived in the oceans.– Bony fish with thick fins supported by large
bones and muscles
Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Ordovician and Silurian PeriodsOrdovician and Silurian Periods
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Plants began spreading onto land as well. Early land plants were small and lived in
moist areas because they could not move water to all their parts.
Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Ordovician and Silurian PeriodsOrdovician and Silurian Periods
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In order to reproduce, amphibians had to return to the water to lay eggs.
Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Pennsylvanian PeriodPennsylvanian Period
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A new organism evolved that could lay its eggs on land.
Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Pennsylvanian PeriodPennsylvanian Period
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Amniotes laid water-tight eggs and could spend all their time on land.– Mammals, dinosaurs, and reptiles evolved from
amniotes.
Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Pennsylvanian PeriodPennsylvanian Period
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Plants with vascular systems that could move nutrients between roots and leaves evolved and spread quickly.
Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Phanerozoic Eon: Paleozoic Era: Pennsylvanian PeriodPennsylvanian Period
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Mass Extinctions The Paleozoic Era ended with the late
Permian Period extinction: 90% of marine and 70% of land species.
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Mass Extinctions 260 million years ago, the uplifting formation
of Pangaea, or ash and sulfur released from the Siberian Traps may explain the Permian extinction.
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Mass Extinctions We don’t know exactly what happened, but
we know global temperatures rose.
GlobalTemperature
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Mass Extinctions With most of the larger, predator-type
animals going extinct, other organisms could increase in number, and expand around the world...
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Which is not a characteristic of Earth’s early atmosphere during the Precambrian time?
A very little oxygen
B no ozone layer
C iron in minerals quickly oxidized
D organisms were exposed to ultraviolet rays
8.2 Early Earth History
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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What were some of the first vertebrates?
A brachiopods
B trilobites
C ediacaran fauna
D bony fish
8.2 Early Earth History
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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What ended the Paleozoic era?
A Ordovician extinction
B Devonian extinction
C Permian extinction
D Cambrian extinction
8.2 Early Earth History
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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What caused oxygen levels to rise in Earth’s atmosphere?
A the presence of photosynthetic organisms
B the evolution of bacteria-eating organisms
C an increase in the ozone layer
D the evolution of organisms that could tolerate or use oxygen
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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The evolution of amniotic eggs allowed ___.
A the spreading of organisms into dry land
B the movement of organisms to shallow-water environments
C the evolution of amphibians
D organisms to live on land and lay eggs in the water
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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Which does not characterize the Cambrian explosion?
A an increase in small-shelled organisms
B the evolution of amniotes
C an increase in invertebrates
D an increase in large-shelled organisms
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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Events In Earth’s Past (6:11)
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Early Earth Organisms Drawings
• For the 2 eons and the 7 periods with a * after their name, draw and color 1 organism that could be found alive during that time.
text p. 326 and 328
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Precam
brian
T
ime
Hadeon Eon
Archean Eon *
Proterozoic Eon *
Ph
anero
zoic E
on
Cambrian Period *
Paleo
zoic E
ra
Ordovician Period *
Devonian Period *
Mississipian Period *
Pennsylvanian Period *
Permian Period *
Silurian Period * mass extinction
mass extinction
mass extinction