8B Unit 1

(Revision)

8B Unit 1 语言功能和重点 1 、识别反义词并用于语境中；

2 、用现在完成时讨论过去发生的但仍与现 在有关联的事件；

3 、理解表示时间的状语词组的词义并用于现在完成时；

4 、讨论因时间变迁而产生的变化；

第一部分

词 汇

past, present, since, southern, till, married, wife, over, cinema, turn, factory, waste, pollute, realize, reduce, open, lonely, throw, husband, interview, unhealthy, unlucky, unpleasant, repair, sentence, yet, recently, century, ever, just, own, environment, fresh, duck, development, lend, service, primary, relax, feeling, dictionary, advantage, recent, describe, tower.

四会词 : Unit 1

Opposites( 反义词）cheap easylikegoodhappyhighhotnewsamelongslow

possiblepoliteregularpleasantluckykindhonesthealthycorrect

expensivedifficultdislike/ unlikebadsadlowcoldolddifferentshortfast/ quick

impossibleimpoliteirregularunpleasantunluckyunkinddishonestunhealthyincorrect

根据要求写出下列单词的适当形式。1. pollute( 名词 ) 2. south ( 形容词 )3. change( 复数 ) 4. tour （名词）5.beautiful( 名词 ) 6.please( 形容词 )7. easy ( 比较级 ) 8. marry( 形容词 )9. recent ( 副词 )10. bring ( 过去分词 )11. cheap ( 反义词 )12. nature ( 形容词 )13. easy( 反义词 )14. luck ( 形容词 )15. wife( 复数 )

pollution southern

changes touristbeautypleased, pleasanteasier married

recentlybroughtexpensivenatural

difficult, hardluckywives

用所给词的适当形式填空：1.They had a very ________ trip to Hangzh

ou. (please)

2.My parents were very ________ when I got good marks in the English test. (please)

3.Sally knows that city very _______ because she used to lived there.(good)

well

pleasant

pleased

用所给词的适当形式填空：4. Water ________ is more terrible than noise _________. (pollute)

5. Guang dong Province is in the ________ part of China. (south)

6. Have you ________ that you’ve made a big mistake? (realize)

7. The girl felt _________ because she failed in the exam again. (happy)

pollutionpollutio

n southern

realized

unhappy

用所给词的适当形式填空：8. The water in that river is much ______ than before. (clean)

9. The old man was _________ when his wife died. (alone)

10. You can take the following______ to stop it happening. (act)

cleaner

lonely

action

第二部分

短语句型

not… any moreknow… wellsince then in the southern part of town get married over the years change a lotturn… into play Chinese chess water pollutionmuch cleaner in some ways a serious problem open space from time to timemove house

1. 不再2. 很了解3. 自打那时起4. 在镇的南部5. 结婚6. 这些年7. 变化很大8. 变……为……9. 下象棋10. 水污染11. 干净多了12. 在某种程度上13. 一个严重的问题14. 开阔的空间15. 时不时16. 搬家

as often as before over the past century the changes to Nanjing hear about /of in the past be in service/ use change a lot travel to town used to do move into / out of / away have time to relax more bring many advantages cause many problems a good place to go /tourist attraction have the same feeling

17. 象以前一样频繁18. 在过去的一百年

中19. 南京的变化20. 听说21. 在过去22. 运营中23. 变化很大25. 去镇上旅游26. 过去常做27. 搬进 / 出 / 走28. 有时间多休息29. 带来许多好处30. 引发许多问题31. 游客向往的地方

32. 有相同的感受

选用词组的适当形式填空

1.I miss my friends in the primary school ________________ because I cannot see them _____________ before.

2.My uncle ________________ since he _______________.

get married, turn …into, in fact, change a lot, in the past, noise pollution, as often as, from time to time, not… any more,

as often as

got marriedhas changed a lot

from time to time

选用词组的适当形式填空get married, turn …into, in fact, change a lot, in the past, noise pollution, as often as, from time to time, not… any more

3. There was ______________ in my living area _______________. But now it has become much quieter than before.

4. I’m afraid the post office _____ there __________ because things has changed a lot.

noise pollutionin the past

isn’tany more

选用词组的适当形式填空get married, turn …into, in fact, change a lot, in the past, noise pollution, as often as, from time to time, not… any more

5. He looks naughty. ___________, he is a very clever boy.

6. We are trying our best to ________ our country _________ a modern and strong one.

In fact

turn into

Fill in the blanks:Mr Chen knows Sunshine Town very ___

_ . He lived with ___ _____ until he ____ _____. Then he and his wife ____ ___ another ____ in the ____ ____ the town. Last year they _____ ____ because his children _____ them a new _____. But only __ ____ ____ he thinks life is better now. Many of his old friends ___ __ _ ___ other areas and he feels ___ ___ lonely ____ ___ ___ ___.

got marriedmoved

to

in some ways

have moved toa bit

from time to time

well his parents

house centre moved

bought

flat

ofagain

重点句1. I don’t want to play with you any more. 2. It has changed a lot over the years. 3. The pollution was terrible then because the factory

used to dump its waste into the river.4. The government realized it was a very serious problem

and took action to reduce the pollution. 5. I feel a bit lonely from time to time.6.There were some small restaurants as well as shops

and market stalls.7.It has been in service since 2002.8. The changes to Moonlight Town have brought many

advantages, but they have also caused many problems for people.

9. The environment is not as good as before.10.It’s next to the clock tower, isn’t it?

第三部分

词汇的应用

get married 结婚 be/get married to Sb. marry Sb. 和某人结婚

Tom ________ Mary in 1965. Mary _____________________ Tom in 1965. Tom and Mary ___________ in 1965.

marrimarrieded

got got marriedmarried

was/got married was/got married to to

Language points

used to do sthused to do sth 过去常常做某事过去常常做某事e.g.e.g.1. 1. 我父亲过去是个老师我父亲过去是个老师 .. My father ____ ____ _____ a teacher. My father ____ ____ _____ a teacher. 2. 2. 我曾经在这所学校学习我曾经在这所学校学习 .. I ____ ____ ____ in this school. I ____ ____ ____ in this school.

use sth to do sth 用某物做某事be used to do /for doing sth 被用来做某事be used as sth 被用为某物be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事

used to be

used to study

Fill in the blanks.1.There __________( 过去是） a clean river and it

_____________(use) to wash clothes.

2.Can you tell me different ______( 用处 )of a computer?

3.The new light rail ______________( 投入使用 )since 2005.

4. 刀被用来切东西 Knives ___________________________________5. 以前，我不习惯早起 In the past, I ____________________________

used to be

was used

uses

has been in use

are used to cut things/for cutting things

wasn’t used to getting up early

feel a bit lonely 感到有点儿寂寞 alone 单独 , 一个人 ( 用作表语或状 语 ) lonely 孤独的 , 寂寞的 , 偏僻的 ( 作表语或定语 ) eg. 1. 他一个人单独居住 , 但从不感到寂寞 . He lives _____, but he never feel _____. 2. 他一个人住在偏僻的山村里 . He _________________________.

alonalonee

lonelonelyly

lives alone in a lonely village

第四部分语法

Present perfect tense

一、现在完成时的定义

定义 1 ： 现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。

She has gone. ( 她走了。 )从这句话中动词所用的现在完成时态可以看出“走”的动作是过去发生的，而对现在所造成的结果是她不在这里了。

He speaks French so fluently. He learned it in Paris. He was there for two years.He has studied French.

( 他学过法语。 )这句话所说明的结果是他现在懂法语。

Look! The blackboard is so clean now. He has cleaned the blackboard.

( 他已经擦过黑板了。 ) 这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。

定义 2 ：现在完成时态还表示动作或状态从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来。

Mike borrowed the books two days ago.

Mike has kept the books for two days.

二、现在完成时的构成1. 现在完成时的肯定句句型 主语（第一、二人称单、复数 )+have 主语（第三人称复数） +have + 过去分词 主语（第三人称单数） +has

We have lived in Beijing. He has lived in Beijing. I have finished my homework.

2. 现在完成时的否定句句型 主语 +have/has+not+ 过去分词 +…… I have not seen the movie yet. He hasn’t been to Beijing since then

3. 现在完成时的一般疑问句句型 Have/Has+ 主语 + 过去分词 +…. Have you finished the work? Has she arrived here?

4. 现在完成时的特殊疑问句句型 特殊疑问词 +have/has+ 主语 + 过去分词 +……. How many times have you been to the Great Wall?

三、现在完成时的标志词

标志词 (1) ：这种用法常与 already, just, yet, ever, never, recently,before( 句末 ) 等连用

1.I ________ (do) my homework already.2.He _____________(not finished) his

homework yet.3.____you ever _____(be) to Beijing?4.We ______ never ______ (see) such an

exciting match before.5.Mother _____ just _______(clean) the

house. Please don’t come in.6.They _________________(practice) this

dialogue twice.

have donehas not finished

Have been

have seen

has cleaned

have practiced

注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有 already 或 just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already 或 just 去掉，在句末加上 yet.

I haven’t seen the film yet.

2 I have done my homework already.

I haven’t done my homework yet.

3. Mother has just cleaned the house.

Mother hasn’t cleaned the house yet.

1 I have seen the film already.

标志词（ 2 ）：这种用法还可与 for + 一段时间 , since+ 过去的时间点 , these years, so far, in the past/last …years 等连用

1.We __________ (learn) English for three years/ since two years ago/since 2000.

2.Mr. Green _________ (be) in China these years.

3.They ____________(write) 15 songs so far.

4.The population ____________ (grow) more slowly in the past ten years.

have learned

has been

have writtenhas grown

Attention: since 的用法1. Since+ 过去某个时间（此时 since 充当介词） Eg: He has been in this school since 1999.

2. Since+ 一段时间 + ago （此时 since 充当介词） Eg: She has known Susan since seven years ago.

3. Since+ 从句 （此时 since 充当连词）（此时主句使用完成时，从句则要使用过去时）

Eg: I have lived here since I was born.

4. 当主句的谓语动词为 be 或 seem 时，则主句要采用一般现在时 , 从句仍使用过去时。

Eg: It’s a long time since we left school.

have been to 曾经去过某地（已返回）Someone went to some place and has already come back

have been in 去某地一段时间 someone stay in some place for some time

have gone to 去了某地 （没有回来）Someone went to some place and is still there A B

A

A

B

B stay

2 、三者的常见用法 have been (to) + 地点 + 次数 have been (in) + 地点 + for/since have gone (to) + 地点3 、共同点 当后跟地点是副词 (home,here,there) 时，介词 省略。

have/has gone to… have/has gone to… have/has been in … have/has been in …

have/has been to… have/has been to…

1.A: Where’s Jim, Li Lei? B: He ______________his school

library.2.The Greens _____________China for

three years. We _____________the Great Wall twice.

It’s very beautiful.

has gone to

have been in

have been to

Translation:

她以前曾去过上海。 She has been to Shanghai before.

他在上海 10年了。 He has been in Shanghai for ten years.

他去上海了。He has gone to Shanghai.

四、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：四、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。 一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。 他已学英语五年了。 He has studied English for five years.

他曾学过五年英语。 He studied English for five years.

（说明他还继续学下去）

（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）

一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语： 遇到 yesterday, Last year, in May, in+ 过去某一年， two days ago, just now 等就用一般过去时。

当有 so far, in the past/ last few days( 在过去 /最近的几年里 ) ， since接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时。

用所给词的适当形式填空：

He ____________(work) in our school for one year.

He ______(come) to our school last year.

They _______________(cook) the supper already.

They ___________ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.

has workedhas worked

camecame

have cookedhave cooked

cookedcooked

movelivelovelike

五、动词的过去式和过去分词的构成五、动词的过去式和过去分词的构成 ::1. 1. 规则变化规则变化visitrepairwatchfinish

visited visited repaired repairedwatched watchedfinished finished

moved moved lived lived loved loved liked liked

verb＋ed

以 e 结尾＋ d

stopmoptrapplan

stopped stopped mopped moppedtrapped trappedplanned planned

注 : 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词 ,双写最后一个辅音字母＋ ed

双写＋ ed

study hurry

studied studiedhurried hurried 去 y＋ ied

注 : 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词 , 去 y＋ied.

Exercises:

bringbuy fallfeel speak thinkwrite

brought broughtbought boughtfell fallenfelt feltspoke spokenthought thoughtwrote written

实力测验 : 用所给词的适当形式填空

1.They___________(go) to the cinema already.

2.Mr. And Mrs.Li _________________(not come) back yet.

3.John___________ (be)to the USA a few times.

4.We _______________ (not see)that film yet5. I _______________ (not talk)to my cousin s

ince last Friday.6.You _________________ (not visit)me for a

long time.

have gonehave not come

has been

have not seenhave not talked

have not visited

7. Tom ___________ (buy) the bike for 2 years.8.I (not finish) the work yet.9. you (know) him since then?10.I ________ (hear) from my father recently.11.We ____ (be) there many times in the past 3 years.12.The dog ________ (die) since 3 days ago.13.They _____ (finish)the work so far.14.How long you ____ (stay) at home yet?15.I ________ (not read) the book before.

16. He just (do) it.17.My sister ____ (walk) to school every day last year.18.We ____ (have) an exam again sometime next week.19.By 2012, we __________ (plant) 2000 trees.20.Lucy _____ ___ (go) to Shanghai. She __ (leave)this morning.

haven’t finishedHave known

have heardhave been

has been deadhave finished

have stayedhaven’t read

has donewalked

will havehave planted

has gone left

has had

第五部分

书面表达

请以请以 Changes to my hometownChanges to my hometown 为题，根据提为题，根据提示，通过过去与现在的对比，写短文。示，通过过去与现在的对比，写短文。

In the past At present

Environment

Natural and beautiful, clean rivers and lakes, fresh air

modern, many tall buildings, new roads

Transport on foot or by bike

by bus, taxi or car

Living conditions

Small, old houses

Large, new flats

Changes to my hometown Great changes have taken place in my

hometown over the years. In the past, the environment here was natural and beautiful. The rivers and lakes were clean and the air was fresh. People went to work on foot or by bike. They lived in small, old houses.

Now the small village has turned into a modern town. You can see many tall buildings and new roads in the town. People go to work by bus, taxi or car. Many people have moved into large, new flats.

I hope my hometown will become more and more beautiful in the future.

Bye-bye!