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STAAR REVIEW

8th grade American History

Student Name: __________________ TEACHER: __________ PERIOD: ____

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Exploration &

Colonization

(1450-1763) 1607: 1620:

Triangular Trade Route: Transatlantic Slave Trade: Great Awakening:

John Peter Zenger: Roger Williams: William Penn: Thomas Hooker: Jonathan Edwards:

Mercantilism:

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American Revolution Line-up Match the names with the most appropriate image and explain their significance to the American Revolution. Abigail Adams John Adams Samuel Adams James Armistead Crispus Attucks

Wentworth Cheswell Benjamin Franklin Bernardo de Galvez Patrick Henry John Paul Jones

Marquis de Lafayette Thomas Paine Haym Salomon Mercy Otis Warren

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Who

Am

eric

an R

evol

utio

n

Whe

n

Whe

re

Why

How

Sign

ifica

nce

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Documents of Freedom Documents Significance Magna Carta

(1215)

Virginia House of Burgesses

(1619)

Mayflower Compact (1620)

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

(1639)

English Bill of Rights (1689)

Declaration of Independence

(1776)

Describe ideas influenced by John Locke:

Articles of Confederation

(1777)

Constitution (1787)

Federalist Papers (1787-1788)

Bill of Rights (1791)

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Inst

ruct

ions

: In t

he sp

ace p

rovid

ed be

low ea

ch se

t of q

uotes

, exp

lain a

nd de

scrib

e the

griev

ance

s des

cribe

d in t

he D

eclar

ation

of In

depe

nden

ce an

d how

the

y wer

e add

ress

ed in

the A

rticles

of C

onfed

erati

on an

d cha

nged

in th

e Con

stitut

ion.

Co

nstit

utio

n &

Bi

ll of

Rig

hts

“The

Hou

se o

f Rep

rese

ntat

ives s

hall b

e co

mpo

sed

of

Mem

bers

chos

en e

very

seco

nd ye

ar b

y the

Peo

ple.”

“No

Soldi

er sh

all, in

time

of p

eace

be

quar

tere

d in

any

hous

e, w

ithou

t the

cons

ent o

f the

Own

er, n

or in

time

of

war,

but in

a m

anne

r to

be p

resc

ribed

by l

aw.”

“The

Con

gres

s sha

ll hav

e Po

wer T

o lay

and

colle

ct Ta

xes,

Dutie

s, Im

posts

and

Exc

ises…

”

Artic

les o

f

Confederatio

n

“…de

legat

es sh

all b

e an

nuall

y app

ointe

d in

such

m

anne

r as t

he le

gislat

ures

of e

ach

Stat

e sh

all d

irect”

“…no

stat

e m

ay m

ainta

in a

peac

e-tim

e sta

nding

arm

y or

navy

, unle

ss in

feste

d by

pira

tes,

but e

very

Sta

te is

requ

ired

to

keep

read

y, a

well-r

egula

ted

[well

train

ed]…

milit

ia, w

ith

suffic

ient…

num

ber o

f fiel

d pie

ces,

tent

s, a

prop

er q

uant

ity o

f ar

ms,

amm

unitio

n”

“The

taxe

s for

pay

ing th

at p

ropo

rtion

shall

be

laid

and

levied

by

the

auth

ority

and

dire

ction

of t

he le

gislat

ures

of t

he se

vera

l St

ates

with

in th

e tim

e ag

reed

upo

n by

the

Unite

d St

ates

in

Cong

ress

ass

emble

d.”

Dec

lara

tion

of

I

ndep

ende

nce

“He

has d

issolv

ed R

epre

sent

ative

Hou

ses r

epea

tedly

, fo

r opp

osing

with

man

ly fir

mne

ss h

is inv

asion

s on

the

right

s of t

he p

eople

.”

“He

has k

ept a

mon

g us

, in tim

es o

f pea

ce, S

tand

ing

Arm

ies w

ithou

t the

Con

sent

of o

ur le

gislat

ures

.”

“For

impo

sing

taxe

s on

us w

ithou

t our

cons

ent.”

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Your Guide to the U.S. Constitution

1. Constitutional Convention of 1787: Explain the major ideas of each plan and compromise discussed at the

Constitutional Convention. 2. Describe the arguments for and against the ratification of the Constitution.

Federalists

Who?

Anti-Federalists Who?

Ratification

3. Describe the parts of the Constitution. Preamble: Describe ideas influenced by Charles de Montesquieu: Articles: Amendments: Describe ideas influenced by William Blackstone: 4. Describe the citizenship process and the rights and responsibilities of U.S. citizens.

Citizenship Rights Responsibilities

New Jersey Plan

Great Compromise

Virginia Plan

Three-Fifths Compromise

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U.S. Constitution Bill of Rights Checks & Balances 1

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Federalism 3 4

Separation of Powers 5 6

Limited Government 7

Republicanism 8

Popular Sovereignty 9

Individual Rights 10

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Early Republic

(1783-1815) Northwest Ordinance (1787): 1803: Marbury v. Madison (1803) 1812:

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Washington’s Farewell Address: Monroe Doctrine:

George Washington: John Adams: Thomas Jefferson: John Marshall: Lewis & Clark: James Madison: James Monroe:

Judicial Review: Foreign Policy:

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

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Spoils System: Jackson & the National Bank: Nullification Crisis: nullify: secession: tariff:

Age of Jackson

(1815-1837) 1828: Tariff of Abominations (1828): Indian Removal Act (1830): Worcester v. Georgia (1832):

Trail of Tears (1837):

Whig Party: Andrew Jackson: John C. Calhoun: Daniel Webster: Sequoyah:

Jacksonian Democracy:

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Loui

sian

a Pu

rcha

se

Exp

ans

ion

Flor

ida

Ore

gon

Terr

itory

US

– M

exic

an W

ar

Te

xas

Ann

exat

ion

G

adsd

en P

urch

ase

Ma

nif

es

t

De

stin

y

Ja

me

s K

. PO

LK

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Invention: Free enterprise system: Manufactured goods: Factory system:

Industrial Revolution

(1770-1869) Cumberland Road/National Road (1811): Erie Canal (1817): Transcontinental Railroad (1869):

Eli Whitney: Samuel Slater: Robert Fulton: Francis Cabot Lowell:

Industrialization: Urbanization:

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Temperance: Suffrage: Abolition: Reform: Civil Disobedience:

Hudson River School Artists: Henry David Thoreau: Susan B. Anthony: Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Horace Mann: Dorothea Dix:

(1815-1860) 2nd Great Awakening (1820s):

Transcendentalism:

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rise of Sectionalism

(1800-1860) 1820: 1850: 1854:

Slavery: State’s Rights: Secede: Compromise: Resolution:

John Quincy Adams: John C. Calhoun: Henry Clay: Daniel Webster:

Sectionalism:

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Major Events Leading to the Civil War

1820 Missouri Compromise

1828 Tariff of Abominations

1831 William Lloyd Garrison’s The Liberator

1831 Nat Turner’s Rebellion

1845 Frederick Douglass’s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

1848 Henry David Thoreau’s On the Duty of Civil Disobedience

1849 Harriet Tubman’s Underground Railroad

1850 Compromise of 1850

1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act

1855 “Bleeding Kansas”

1857 Dred Scott v. Sanford

1858 Lincoln-Douglas Debates

1859 John Brown’s Raid

1860 Election of Abraham Lincoln

1861 Attack on Fort Sumter

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Who

Nor

th

Sout

h

Civ

il W

ar

Whe

n

Whe

re

Nor

th

Stra

tegy

: A

dvan

tage

s:

Sout

h St

rate

gy:

Dis

adva

ntag

es:

Sign

ifica

nce

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Reconstruction

Era

(1865-1877) Morrill Act (1861): Homestead Act (1862): Assassination of Abraham Lincoln (1865):

Dawes Act (1887):

Reconstruction Acts: Black Codes: Sharecropping System: New South:

John Wilkes Booth: Hiram Rhodes Revels: Andrew Johnson: Freedmen’s Bureau:

Reconstruction Amendments:

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Can I Quote You on That? Federalist Papers If men were angels, no government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first [allow] the government to control the governed; and in the next place [allow] it to control itself. – James Madison, Federalist #51 In a democracy, the people meet and exercise the government in person: in a republic, they assemble and administer it by their representatives. A democracy, consequently, must be confined to a small spot. A republic may be extended over a large region. – James Madison, Federalist #14 If [men] were to resolve to agree [to] government, until every part of it had been [created to] perfection, society would soon become a general scene of anarchy, and the world a desert. – Alexander Hamilton, Federalist #65

Anti-Federalist Writings Beware my countrymen! Our enemies -- uncontrolled as they are in their ambitious schemes, fretted with losses, and perplexed with disappointments -- will [will use] power and policy to increase and continue our confusion. And while we are destroying one another, they will be repairing their losses, and ruining our trade. – Philanthropos, Anti-Federalist No. 7 If your American chief (President) be a man of ambition and abilities, how easy is it for him to render himself absolute! [With] the army in his hands… [He will] seize the first moment to accomplish his design…I would rather have a king, lords, and commons, than a government so [full] with such [unbearable] evils. – Patrick Henry, Virginia Ratifying Convention, 1788

Bill of Rights – 1st Amendment “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.”

Washington’s Farewell Address “The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world. As a very important source of strength and security, cherish public credit. One method of preserving it is to use it as sparingly as possible, avoiding occasions of expense by cultivating peace, but remembering also that timely disbursements to prepare for danger frequently prevent much greater disbursements to repel it, avoiding likewise the accumulation of debt, not only by shunning occasions of expense, but by vigorous exertion in time of peace to discharge the debts which unavoidable wars may have occasioned, not

ungenerously throwing upon posterity the burden which we ourselves ought to bear.” Monroe Doctrine “Our policy in regard to Europe is not to interfere in the internal concerns of any of its powers; to cultivate friendly relations with it, and to preserve the just claims of every power, submitting to injuries from none. But this continent’s circumstances are different. It is impossible that the [European] powers should extend their political system to any portion of [this] continent without endangering our peace and happiness; …It is impossible that we should behold such [involvement] with indifference. It is still the true policy of the United States to leave the parties to themselves, in hope that other powers will pursue the same course.”

Using the quotations, summarize the arguments for and against ratification of the Constitution.

1. Highlight the rights guaranteed in the 1st Amendment. 2. Why is free speech and press so important to the American way of life?

1. Summarize the ideas from both documents. 2. How did these documents impact foreign policy in the Early Republic?

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Abraham Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address “In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the Government, while I shall have the most solemn one to ‘preserve, protect, and defend’ it…We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature.”

Jefferson Davis’s Inaugural Address “We have vainly endeavored to secure tranquility and obtain respect for the rights to which we were entitled. As a necessity, not a choice, we have resorted to separation, and henceforth our energies must be devoted to the conduct of our own affairs, and perpetuating the Confederacy…If [the North] shall permit us peaceably to pursue our separate political career, my most earnest desire will have been fulfilled. For purposes of defense, the Confederate States under ordinary circumstances may rely mainly upon the militia; but it is deemed advisable, in the present condition of affairs, that there should be a well-instructed and disciplined army, more numerous than would usually be required on a peace establishment.”

Gettysburg Address, Abraham Lincoln “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that "all men are created equal…”

Abraham Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address “Both parties [disapproved] war; but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive; and the other would accept war rather than let it [ruin]. And the war came…With malice (pain) toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right…let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds -- to do all which may achieve and cherish a just, and a lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations.”

The Star-Spangled Banner O say can you see, by the dawn’s early light, What so proudly we hail’d at the twilight’s last gleaming, Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight O’er the ramparts we watch’d were so gallantly streaming? And the rocket’s red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there, O say does that star-spangled banner yet wave O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave? Battle Hymn of the Republic Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord: He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored; He hath loosed the fateful lightning of His terrible swift sword: His truth is marching on. (Chorus) Glory, glory, hallelujah! Glory, glory, hallelujah! Glory, glory, hallelujah! His truth is marching on. He has sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call retreat; He is sifting out the hearts of men before His judgment-seat: Oh, be swift, my soul, to answer Him! Be jubilant, my feet! Our God is marching on.

1. Using all of Lincoln’s addresses, highlight and explain how he discusses the ideas of liberty, union and government.

2. How did Davis’s views on the Union differ from Lincoln’s?

How are these songs unique to American culture? How do they express the theme of “American Spirit”?

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