8th Grade Chapter 23

“Becoming a World Power”

Section 1: “The United States Continues to Expand”• By the 1880s, American leaders became convinced that the

U.S. should take part in _________________, the policy by which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories.

• Europe had used imperialism for many years. By the early 20th century ____________________ and ________________ were the only independent countries in Africa.

• Imperialist countries also competed for claims in _________, where they had to compete with _______.

• 3 factors helped fuel the development of American imperialism: 1) ______________interests. Economic leaders argued that expansion would increase U.S. financial prosperity. New colonies were a potential source of cheap __________________. 2) ___________

Interests. ____________________ had argued that economic interests went hand-in-hand with _____ ________ interests. 3) Belief in cultural superiority. Many Americans believed their gov’t, religion and race were superior to those of other societies. Some saw a chance to spread ____________________, while others wanted to advance __________________.

• A strong backer of expansion was _______________, who arranged to purchase ______________ from Russia in 1867. Newspapers referred to Alaska as “__________________________.”

• In the early 1800s, Christian missionaries from the U.S. had moved to the __________________________ to convert the local population. By the late 1800s, wealthy ________________ dominated Hawaii’s economy.

• In 1891, ________________________ became leader of Hawaii. She wanted to limit the power of the ___________, upsetting American planters who saw her as a threat to their ________________ and ______ ______ interests. In Jan. 1893, they staged a _____ _____. With the help of the __________________, they set up their own gov’t., then asked to be _________ by the U.S.

• In 1887, American leaders had pressured Hawaii to allow a U.S. naval base at ____________________, the kingdom’s best port. It became an important refueling station for American merchant ships bound for _________.

• President ______________________________ did not approve of the planters’ actions and withdrew a treaty to annex HI. It would not be annexed until 1898.

Section 2: “The Spanish-American War”• Read “One American’s Story” p. 662.• By the 1890s, Spain controlled only the Philippine Islands,

_________ and _________________and many inhabitants of these colonies began to demand independence.

• __________ had rebelled against Spain many times. This revolt caused alarm in _______________ because it disrupted ___________ with Cuba.

• The newspaper, The World, owned by ____________ ______________ and the New York Journal, owned by ___________________________ were battling for customers. Both papers described, and often _____ __________ news about Spanish cruelty. This sensational type of writing became known as _____ ______________.

“The United States Goes to War”

• _______________________, president in 1898, did not want war, but the public, stirred up by sensational _______________________, forced him to take action. He demanded that Spain halt its harsh treatment of Cubans, but little changed.

• In January 1898, McKinley sent the _______________ to Cuba to protect U.S. citizens from riots. The following month it exploded and sank in _________ harbor, killing 260 sailors.

• ___________________caused the explosions. Most historians think it was __________________. The Americans blamed ________. “Remember the _________” became a call to arms. When Spain refused to withdraw from Cuba, the _____________ _____________ began.

• The first battle was fought in ____________________.

Many _______________ had revolted against the Spanish as well.

• The Filipino independence movement attracted the attention of __________________, asst. secretary of the navy, who put American ships in Hong Kong on alert.

• Commodore _______________________ set out for Manila, Philippines before the war began. The battle in _____________________ began in the early morning and by a little past noon, Dewey’s forces had destroyed the Spanish fleet.

“The War in the Caribbean”• One of the new recruits for the war was _________

_____________, who helped organize the _________ ________________, a volunteer cavalry unit. When the recruits arrived in Cuba, many became sick with _____________________.

• In order to gain control of Santiago’s port, American troops had to capture __________________. ______________________ from the Tenth Cavalry began to drive the Spanish back.

• Two days later, American ships destroyed Spain’s fleet as it tried to escape ________________________. On August 12, 1898, Spain signed a truce.

“Results of the War”• American leaders demanded Spain give up _______

__________, _________, and ____________________. • A difficult question dealt with the Philippines, whose citizens

had fought alongside Americans with the understanding that they would gain ______ ________________. President McKinley decided that the country would become an American __________.

• Filipinos led by ____________________ rebelled and the U.S. did not restore order until 1902.

• The U.S. also had to decide what to do about Cuba. The Cubans had to add the _____________________, which gave the U.S. the right to intervene in Cuban affairs anytime, to their constitution. They also had to allow a U.S. naval base at _________________ ______.

• ________________ became a territory, and its citizens had little to say in their own affairs. Not until 1917 would the U.S. make it a self-governing territory and grant U.S. ________________ to its citizens.

• Several well-known Americans, including Andrew Carnegie, Jane Addams, and ____________________ opposed imperialism and created the _____________ _______________________. They believed Americans should not deny other people sovereignty. Their voice was lost in the roar of popular approval of the war.