As the year 1700 approached we see a decrease in

English immigration and indentured servants

In order to counteract the slowing English immigration planters turned to African Slaves Slavery had been in place both in African and Europe

for Millennia

Prices of slaves also began to justify their purchase over indentured servants

Legal changes also, most importantly the ending of the Monopoly of the Royal African Company, pushed this change

Rise of Slavery

The Puritans

The Puritans were not a united group initially but instead reform minded Englishman In England Church and State

were united in the Church of England

Puritans were focused on pushing the church back to a “Simpler” Focus

Puritans came from all ranks of society but most belonged to the “Middle Class”

At the beginning of the 17th

century the Puritans began to see their options in England dwindle and turned to the New World

The Puritans moving into the New World

The First attempt to colonize the new world by the Puritan followers was in Maine in 1607 but it was unsuccessful

To get away from the issues of England some Puritans moved to the Netherlands and other areas in Europe

John Smith began to push for settlement in what would become New England as early as 1614 AD

The First push for settlement was by 102 separatists who boarded the Mayflower and landed at Plymouth in 1620 AD

In 1629/1630 developments in England began to push

Puritans/Seperatists out of the country

These settlers were led by John Winthrop who eventually gained the royal charter as the Massachusetts Bay Company

Colony was a republic

First founded the city of Boston

After one year the colony began to prosper quicker than the Chesapeake

The combination of both the religious and political goals of the Puritans led them to develop the concept of the “City on a Hill”

Because of the prosperity the colonies began to expand to the north forming new cities and towns

The Great Migration

Towns were founded through land grants from the

Colony to men who acted as a corporate group Colonies only defined boundaries not how land was

distributed

Farming was the main goal of each colonist but to smaller profits than in the south

Expansion was not only political but also religious more so than any other region

This expansion for New England was typically at the expense of Native American tribes

Expansion

Due to the location of New England there were a number of

major differences with the Chesapeake Main labor source was family Farms were modest in size and diverse Social hierarchy was not as drastic Towns offered a variety of social/cultural/religious

opportunities New Englanders were healthier

Religion also played a major part in the life of New Englanders There were typically more clergymen in New England than

any other region Early focus was on excluding people outside of the Puritan

faith from the region

Life in New England

Life Cont.

Other than Farming small industry and fishing dominated commerce in the early Colonial period These industries were

initially shunned by the Puritans but eventually others expanded

Due to this expansion non-puritan dominated seaports along the coast

By the end of the 17th century New England had become a major economic region in the Empire

Due to their growing economic importance New England came under attack by the Crown

The New England colonies had a problematic relationship

with the local natives The native Americans came to rely on the consumer goods

of European states

Europeans took advantage of weakened disconnected native peoples

During the 1620’s and 30’s we see Colonists set up “Praying Towns” near traditional home areas

First major conflict was the Pequot War in 1636 and ended with a slaughter of the Pequot Set the stage for problematic relations with other Native

groups

Relations with Native Americans

King Phillip’s War

In the 1675 the colonists pushed a Wampanoag Chief Metacom, aka King Phillip, to the edge The New English provoked

Metacom by capturing and executing three Wampanoag warriors

Wampanoag’s began to target isolated colonial homestead and outposts using Pequot’s War as an example

The Wampanoag also took advantage of the Flintlocks they had acquired

The New English lacked the ability fight Metacom’s men without other native groups

King Phillip Cont.

The New English reached out to the Pequot, Mohegan, and Praying town Natives for help

During the spring and Summer of 1676 the allies helped turn the tide of the war The New English abandoned

traditional European military tactics for Native tactics

The Manpanoag’s also began to run out of supplies during this time and suffered

As a result the Native resistance fell apart especially when Metacomwas killed in August

The war devastated both the New English as well as the Natives and the New English punished the Natives for their losses