8 ubz lokfr - saraswatihouse.com · vuqlkj pysxk rfkk izÑfr osq fudv jgsxk] ogh izÑfr dh...

f'k{kd&lan£'kdk ,oa vH;kl&if=kdk

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lqHkk"k ukSgokj xhrk cqn~f/jktk (,eú,ú] ,eú,Mú) (,eú,ú] chú,Mú)

ubZ Lokfrfganh ikBekyk

U;w ljLorh gkml (bafM;k) izkúfyúubZ fnYyh&110002 (bafM;k)

8

Second Floor, MGM Tower, 19 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 (India) Phone : +91-11-43556600Fax : +91-11-43556688E-mail : [email protected] : www.saraswatihouse.comCIN : U22110DL2013PTC262320Import-Export Licence No. 0513086293

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Revised edition 2017

ISBN: 978-93-8630-727-9

Published by: New Saraswati House (India) Pvt. Ltd.19 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 (India)

The moral rights of the author has been asserted.

©Reserved with the Publishers

All rights reserved under the Copyright Act. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transcribed, transmitted, stored in a retrieval system or translated into any language or com-puter, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, man-ual, photocopy or otherwise without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prose-cution and civil claims for damages.

Printed at: Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Sahibabad (Uttar Pradesh)

This book is meant for educational and learning purposes. The author(s) of the book has/have taken all reasonable care to ensure that the contents of the book do not violate any copyright or other intellectual property rights of any person in any manner whatsoever. In the event the author(s) has/have been unable to track any source and if any copyright has been inadvertently infringed, please notify the publisher in writing for any corrective action.

(iii)

vkeq[k

^Lokfr fganh ikBekyk* dh iqLrosaQ jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ osQ mn~ns';ksa osQ vuqlkj rS;kj dh xbZ gSaA ;s iqLrosaQ cky&osaQfnzr f'k{k.k izfØ;k ij iw.kZr;k cy nsrh gSaA

f'k{kdx.k fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks mfpr :i ls fo"k;&lkexzh rFkk Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k iznku dj losaQ blfy, bl ikBekyk dh iqLrdksa osQ fy, f'k{kd&lanf'kZdk cukbZ xbZ gSaA

f'k{kd&lanf'kZdk dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ gSaµ

l lHkh ikBksa osQ lkjka'kA

l ikBxr vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrjA

l izR;sd ikB esa cPpksa osQ vH;kl osQ fy, nks&nks dk;Z&if=kdk,¡ mRrj lfgrA

l cPpksa dh dYiuk'khyrk ,oa fparu dkS'kyksa osQ fodkl gsrq mRrj jfgr dk;Z&if=kdkA

µys[kdx.k

(iv)

fo"k;&lwph

1- miou ls ckrphr ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

2- ckrwuh ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12

3- 'kkieqfDr ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19

4- eSa vkSj esjk oaQI;wVj ------------------------------------------------------------------- 26

5- ,d jgL; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32

6- nks iaNh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38

7- ÅVh dh lSj ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 44

8- cPpk gkbZLowQy esa --------------------------------------------------------------------- 51

9- fj'or iaQM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58

10- lksuk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 64

11- i;kZoj.k&oqQN iz'u -------------------------------------------------------------------- 70

12- bZekunkj ckyd ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77

13- ijh{kk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 84

14- Hkkjr osQ yksd u`R; ------------------------------------------------------------------- 91

15- eafty ij c<+usokyksa dks ------------------------------------------------------------ 96

16- chl lky cky -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 104

17- egkeuk iaú enueksgu ekyoh; ------------------------------------------------- 110

vifBr xn~;ka'k ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 117

vifBr in~;ka'k ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 117

ladfyr ewY;kadu&1 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 118

ladfyr ewY;kadu&2 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 119

5

miou ls ckrphr

lkjka'k

HkkjrHkw"k.k vxzoky n~okjk jfpr ;g dfork Ñf=ke lq[k&lqfo/kvksa dks R;kxdj izÑfr osQ fudV jgus dk lans'k nsrh gSA vkt dk ekuo vius thou dks ljnh] xjeh vkSj o"kkZ osQ d"Vksa ls cpkrk gSA og vk/qfud midj.kksa rFkk lq[k&lqfo/kvksa esa fyIr jgrk gSA blosQ ckotwn Hkh og ;qok cuk jguk pkgrk gSA dfo osQ vuqlkj ;fn euq"; dks fpj ;qok cus jguk gS rks mls izÑfr&iznRr lq[kksa osQ lkFk d"Vksa vkSj eqlhcrksa dks Hkh LokHkkfod :i ls >syuk gksxkA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) izLrqr dfork osQ dfo HkkjrHkw"k.k vxzoky gSaA ([k) dfo us miou ls iwNk fd D;k mls mldk ;kSou nqckjk feysxkA (x) clar ½rq esa isM+&ikS/s jax&fcjaxs iwQyksa rFkk gjs u, iRrksa ls Hkj tkrs gSaA (?k) xjeh esa miou dks lw;Z dh xje fdj.ksa >syuh iM+hA (Ä) tks d"Vksa ls nwj Hkkxrk gS] mldk thou vf/d d"Vdj gks tkrk gSA og LokHkkfod thou osQ

Øe ls nwj gks tkrk gSA

fyf[kr

1- (d) (iii) clar ½rq esa ([k) (ii) iwQyksa osQ (x) (iv) viuk ;kSou

(?k) (iii) dfo cxhps ls (Ä) (i) vk'khokZn

2- (d) vkt dk euq"; ljnh] xjeh vkSj o"kkZ osQ d"Vksa ls nwj Hkkxrk gSA

([k) dfo us miou ls viuk ;kSou nqckjk ek¡xkA

(x) euq"; us Lo;a dks xjeh ls cpus osQ fy, ,úlhú] owQyj vkfn dk iz;ksx] o"kkZ ls cpus osQ fy, okVjizwiQ Nkrs rFkk jsudksV dk iz;ksx vkSj ljnh ls cpus osQ fy, ghVj dk iz;ksx tSlh lq[k&lqfo/kvksa dh Ñf=ke nhokjksa esa oSQn dj j[kk gSA bUgsa rksM+ Mkyus ls euq"; izÑfr osQ fudV jgsxk rFkk thou osQ LokHkkfod Øe ls tqM+k jgsxkA

1

6

(?k) euq"; dks /jrh dk vk'khokZn rHkh feysxk tc og izÑfr osQ fudV jgsxkA lHkh d"Vksa dks lgu djsxkA

(Ä) tks vk/qfud thou osQ fy, lq[k&lqfo/kvksa dks NksM+dj thou osQ d"V lgsxk] le; osQ vuqlkj pysxk rFkk izÑfr osQ fudV jgsxk] ogh izÑfr dh xfr'khyrk ikus dk lPpk dk vf/dkjh gksxkA

(p) izÑfr tSlk vkuane; cuus osQ fy, euq"; dks mlh osQ leku d"Vksa dks >syuk gksxk] Ñf=kerk dks thou ls nwj Hkxkuk gksxkA

(N) izÑfr ls gksM+ djus dk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd euq"; us Lo;a dks viuh cukbZ lq[k&lqfo/kvksa esa oSQn dj fy;kA blls og izÑfr ls nwj gks x;kA izÑfr ls nwj gksus osQ dkj.k euq"; mlls feyus okys lq[kksa ls oafpr gks x;kA og izÑfr dh efgek dks ugha le> ik;k rFkk mlus vius lq[k osQ fy, izÑfr dks uqdlku igq¡pk;kA

3- (d) tc clar vk;k pqiosQ&pqiosQ

dkuksa&gh&dkuksa esa eSaus mlls iwNk

([k) iwQyksa&lk eu fiQj eqldk;k

(x) ljlksa dh m¡xfy;k¡ fgykdj laosQrksa ls og ;ksa cksyk

(?k) ftlus >syk ugha] [ksy D;k mlus [ksyk

(Ä) ihM+k osQ ekFks ij gh vkuan fryd p<+rk vk;k gS

O;kdj.k dh ckr

1- (d) cq<+kik ([k) dk¡Vk (x) nq'eu (?k) ej.k (Ä) LokHkkfod (p) vkdk'k

(N) [kqyk (t) jksuk

2- (d) ;kstd fpg~u

([k) lacks/u] iw.kZfojke

(x) iz'uokpd

(?k) vYifojke

(Ä) foLe;kfncks/d

3- (d) pksj pqiosQ&pqiosQ ?kj osQ vanj ?kql x;kA

([k) eSaus vius fe=k ls dkuksa&gh&dkuksa esa mlosQ vad iwN fy,A

7

(x) cPpksa dk iwQyksa&lk eu eqldk;kA

(?k) ck<+ osQ ikuh esa ikS/s Mwc&Mwc dj vius dks lh/k j[k jgs FksA

(Ä) jl&fo"k n~okjk dfo lq[k&nq[k dh vksj laosQr dj jgs gSaA

4- miou ;kSou mYykl dop ru izk.k

O;FkZ izÑfr 'khr eu m'khj iV

o"kkZ vk'kh"k lgt jl fo"k

O;fDrRo fu[kkj

1- fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA

2- vk/qfud lk/uksa us thou dks lqfo/ktud cuk fn;k gS] fdarq euq"; ls mldh Lora=krk Nhu yhA vkt dk euq"; ljnh] xjeh vkSj o"kkZ osQ d"Vksa ls nwj Hkkxrk gS vkSj Ñf=ke lk/uksa ls viuk cpko djrk gSA izÑfr ls nwj jgdj og vius thou dks [kks[kyk djrk tk jgk gSA lq[k&lqfo/kvksa dk Hkksxh cu thou dks dksey cukrk tk jgk gSA ;fn euq"; lq[kh vkSj fpj ;qok cus jguk pkgrk gS rks mls lqfo/kdkjd Ñf=ke lk/uksa dk eksg NksM+uk gksxk vkSj izÑfr osQ fudV jgdj lgt thou thuk gksxkA ftu yksxksa us vius thou esa ftrus vf/d d"V >sys mUgksaus mruh gh izfln~f/ ikbZA

(fon~;kFkhZ vius fopkj Hkh fy[k ldrs gSaA)

vkvks pysa iBu ls nwj

fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA

8

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

uke % -------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------ iw.kk±d

vuqozQekad % -------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------ 15

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2&3 ¾ 6

(d) dfo vkSj miou osQ thou esa D;k varj gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) ^ftlus >syk ugha] [ksy D;k mlus [ksyk\* bl iafDr dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) dfo us ;g D;ksa dgk fd ihM+k osQ ekFks ij gh vkuan fryd p<+rk vk;k gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- ^dj* vkSj ^vkbZ* izR;; yxkdj pkj&pkj 'kCn fyf[k,µ 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µ 5

(d) izÑfr µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) Ñf=ke µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) izk.k µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) vk'kh"k µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) mYykl µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ls okD; cukb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) miou µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) izÑfr µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) thou µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) fctyh µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) vk'kh"k µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa milxZ rFkk izR;; yxkdj u, 'kCn cukb,µ 1 & 6 ¾ 6

milxZ $ 'kCn ¾ u;k 'kCn

(d) --------------------------- $ ou ¾ ---------------------------

--------------------------- $ ykl ¾ ---------------------------

--------------------------- $ Ñfr ¾ ---------------------------

([k) 'kCn $ izR;; ¾ u;k 'kCn

>qyl $ --------------------------- ¾ ---------------------------

xy $ --------------------------- ¾ ---------------------------

xfre; $ --------------------------- ¾ ---------------------------

3- opu cnfy, 1 & 4 ¾ 4

m¡xyh µ --------------------------- yiV µ ---------------------------

fctyh µ --------------------------- nhokj µ ---------------------------

10

dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

dYiuk 'kfDr ij vk/kfjr



1- ^euq"; vkSj izÑfr* fo"k; ij ik¡p okD; fyf[k,A 5

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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2- euq"; dks vius thou dks [kq'kgky rFkk LoLFk cukus osQ fy, D;k&D;k djuk pkfg,\ 5

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11

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1 1- (d) dfo lq[k&lqfo/kvksa ls iw.kZ thou O;rhr dj jgs gSaA os ljnh] xjeh vkSj cjlkr ls vius

thou dks cpk jgs gSaA os lq[k&lqfo/kvksa dh cukoVh nhokjksa esa oSQn thou fcrk jgs gSaA miou us ljnh] xjeh vkSj cjlkr ls gksus okys d"Vksa dks >syk gSA

([k) thou ,d [ksy gSA blesa dHkh gkj Hkh gS vkSj thr Hkh] dHkh lq[k Hkh gS vkSj nq[k HkhA vPNk f[kykM+h ogh gS] tks bu lcdks [ksy Hkkouk ls lgt :i esa Lohdkj djrk gSA tks thou osQ d"V >syus dks rS;kj ugha gS] mls lq[k oSQls fey ldrk gS\ osQoy lq[k dh bPNk j[kus okyk dPpk f[kykM+h gSA tks LokHkkfod :i ls thou esa vk, lq[k&nq[k dks [ksy le>dj [ksyrk gS] izÑfr mls gh viuh 'kfDr ls laiUu cukrh gSA

(x) d"V dks >sys fcuk vkuan dh izkfIr laHko ugha gSA vkuan izkfIr osQ fy, la?k"kZ djuk] d"V mBkuk vko';d gSA vkuan dk fryd ihM+k osQ ekFks ij gh lq'kksfHkr gksrk gS vFkkZr d"V >syus okyk gh var esa lPpk lq[k izkIr djrk gSA

2- (d) fgykdj ([k) f?kjdj (x) xydj (?k) >sydj (Ä) HkykbZ (p) feBkbZ (N) /qykbZ (t) dekbZ 3- (d) i~ $ j~ $ v $ o~Q $ ½ $ r~ $ b ([k) o~Q $ ½ $ r~ $ j~ $ b $ e~ $ v (x) i~ $ j~ $ vk $ .k~ $ v (?k) vk $ 'k~ $ bZ $ "k~ $ v (Ä) m $ y~ $ y~ $ vk $ l~ $ v

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- miou µ miou esa jax&fcjaxs iwQy f[kys gq, gSaA izÑfr µ gesa izÑfr osQ fudV jguk pkfg,A thou µ ekuo thou vewY; gSA fctyh µ fctyh gekjs thou osQ fy, mi;ksxh lk/u gS] vr% bldk lnqi;ksx djuk pkfg,A vk'kh"k µ vPNs dk;Z djus ls lcdk vk'kh"k feyrk gSA 2- (d) mi $ ou ¾ miou] mr~ $ ykl ¾ mYykl] iz $ Ñfr ¾ izÑfr ([k) >qyl $ rk ¾ >qylrk] xy $ dj ¾ xydj] xfre; $ rk ¾ xfre;rk 3- m¡xfy;k¡] fctfy;k¡] yiVsa] nhokjsa

12

ckrwuh

lkjka'k

^ckrwuh* gkL;&O;aX; dgkuh loZJs"B O;aX;dkj gfj'kadj ijlkbZ n~okjk jfpr gSA bl dgkuh osQ ekè;e ls ys[kd us mu yksxksa ij O;aX; fd;k gS] tks nwljksa dk le; cjckn djrs gSaA ,sls O;fDr iM+kslh gks ;k fj'rsnkj lnk blh rkd esa jgrs gSa fd dHkh dksbZ feys rks mlls ckrsa djsaA bl dgkuh esa ys[kd viuh vkichrh crkrs gq, dgrk gS fd mlus Hkh iM+ksl esa jgus ,d lTtu ls ,d i=k Mkd esa Myok;kA mu lTtu us dke rks dj fn;k] ijarq os tc Hkh ys[kd dks feyrs] foLrkj ls crkrs fd mUgksaus fdruh eqf'dy ls i=k Mkd esa MkykA ys[kd mu lTtu ls drjkus yxsA tc ys[kd muls cpus osQ fy, nwljs jkLrs ls tkus yxrs gSa rks os muosQ ?kj vkus dh ckr djrs gSaA ys[kd mu lTtu ls Mjus yxrs gSa vkSj bar”kkj djrs gSa fdlh ,sls O;fDr dk tks ys[kd dh ml lTtu ls j{kk djsaxsA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) ys[kd us ,d ckrwuh lTtu ls viuk ,d i=k iksLV vkWfI+kQl esa Myok;k Fkk vkSj og blh dh l”kk Hkqxr jgs FksA

([k) ys[kd us lkbfdy ij tkrs O;fDr dks ,d dkx”k nsdj dgk fd mls ,d fyI+kQkI+ksQ esa Mkydj irk fy[kdj ySVj ckWDl esa Mky nsukA

(x) lkguh vius esfMdy LVksj ij cSBk FkkA (?k) jktw osQ ikl ,d fyI+kQkI+kQk Fkk] ij ml ij iQeZ dk uke Nik FkkA (Ä) ys[kd us dle [kkbZ fd os bu lTtu ls dksbZ dke ugha djk,¡xsA

fyf[kr

1- (d) (ii) ckrwuh fe=k ls cp tkrs ([k) (iv) og fpV~Bh Mky nh Fkh (x) (iv) lTtu dk fe=k (?k) (ii) fdrkcksa dk (Ä) (iii) Mj tkrs gSa 2- (d) ys[kd viuk fyI+kQkI+kQk Mkyus Lo;a iksLV vkWfI+kQl pys tkrs rks mUgsa d"V u gksrkA mUgksaus

viuk dke Lo;a u dj ,d lTtu dks fn;k FkkA lTtu tc Hkh ys[kd dks ns[krs yach&yach ckrsa djus yx tkrsA blls ys[kd dk cgqr le; cjckn gks tkrkA

2

13

([k) lTtu us lkguh osQ ckjs esa crk;k fd og mudk cgqr iqjkuk nksLr gSA lkguh osQ firk vkSj

lTtu osQ firk cM+s vPNs nksLr FksA ckn esa lkguh osQ firk dks fny dk nkSjk iM+k vkSj

?kaVs Hkj esa gh ej x,A

(x) jktw ls oqQN ek¡xk tk, rks og >V fudkydj ns nsrk gSA

(?k) ys[kd tc Hkh ?kj ls fudyrs] rks lTtu mUgsa ns[kdj muls nsj rd ckrsa djus yx tkrsA

ys[kd fdlh dk Hkh uke ysrs] lTtu muls viuh tku&igpku crkus yx tkrsA

(Ä) lekt osQ yksx ckrwuh O;fDr dks ilan ugha djrs gSaA euq"; dk O;ogkj 'kkar] lkSE; vkSj

e/qj gksuk pkfg, rFkk fdlh ls feyus ij mruh gh ckr djuh pkfg,] ftruh vko';d

gksA vU;Fkk nksuksa yksxksa dk le; cjckn gksrk gSA (fon~;kFkhZ vius fopkj Hkh fy[k ldrs gSa)

(p) eSa viuk O;ogkj e/qj vkSj 'kkar j[kuk pkgw¡xk@ pkgw¡xhA le; vkSj ifjfLFkfr ns[kdj ckr

d:¡xk@d:¡xhA eSa ugha pkgw¡xk@pkgw¡xh fd dksbZ eq>ls dUuh dkVsA eSa viuk O;ogkj ,slk

cukus dh dksf'k'k d:¡xk@d:¡xh ftlls fdlh dks nq[k u gks rFkk fdlh dk uqdlku u

gksA lHkh eq>s ilan djsaA (fon~;kFkhZ vius fopkj Hkh fy[k ldrs gSaA)

O;kdj.k dh ckr

1- (d) gksf'k;kjh ([k) ?kcjkgV (x) fe=krk (?k) balkfu;r (Ä) chekjh

(p) izHkqrk

2- (d) fpV~fB;k¡ ([k) nhokjsa (x) fyI+kQkI+ksQ (?k) lqfo/k,¡ (Ä) jkgsa

(p) fdrkcsa (N) [kqf'k;k¡ (t) tscsa

3- (d) cPpk lM+d osQ fdukjs [kM+k&[kM+k >k¡fd;k¡ ns[krk jgkA

([k) esjk vkSj esjs nksLr dk ?kj ikl&ikl gSA

(x) cM+s&cw<+s vkSj cPps lc lkFk&lkFk py jgs FksA

4- (d) laè;k ([k) i=k (x) vad (?k) vkokl (Ä) fdLer

O;fDrRo fu[kkj


14


1- vf/d cksyus okyk ;k vf/d pqi jgus okyk O;fDr lgh ugha gksrkA vf/d cksyus okys O;fDr gekjk dherh le; [kjkc dj nsrs gSaA vf/d pqi jgus okys O;fDr dk gesa oqQN irk ugha pyrkA eSa cM+k gksdj ,slk O;fDr cuuk pkgw¡xk tks mfpr le; vkSj ifjfLFkfr ns[kdj ckr djsA e/qjHkk"kh gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk eSa mruh gh ckr d:¡xk] ftlls lquus okyk [kq'k gksA okpky O;fDr ls lc nwj jguk pkgrs gSaA


2- vPNk iM+kslh ogh gS] tks eqlhcr osQ le; gekjs dke vk,A gekjh enn djs] ijarq ge ij viuk vf/dkj u tek,A u gekjs gj dke esa n[ky ns] u gh gels dV dj jgsA eSa ,d vPNs iM+kslh dh f”kEesnkfj;ksa dks le>rk gw¡A eSa iM+kslh osQ lq[k&nq[k esa 'kkfey jgw¡xkA ;fn mUgsa esjh lykg dh vko';drk gksxh] rHkh eSa viuh lykg nw¡xkA


15

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1



1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 8 (d) ;g ikB xn~; dh fdl fo/k osQ varxZr vkrk gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) lTtu us lkguh ls D;k fy;k\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) jktw us lTtu dks D;k&D;k fn;k\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) ys[kd tc Hkh fdlh ls feyus dh ckr djrs rks lTtu D;k dgrs\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) lTtu dks ujHk{kh D;ksa dgk x;k\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(p) lTtu us fVdV fdlls yh\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- ikB esa ls uqDrk okys 'kCn <w¡<+dj fyf[k,A ½ & 6 ¾ 3

(d) ------------------------------------------------ ([k) ------------------------------------------------

(x) ------------------------------------------------ (?k) ------------------------------------------------

(Ä) ------------------------------------------------ (p) ------------------------------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ ¯gnh i;kZ; fyf[k,µ ½ & 8 ¾ 4

(d) [kqfI+kQ;k ------------------------------- ([k) ”k:jh -------------------------------

(x) vkWfI+kQl ------------------------------- (?k) MkWDVj -------------------------------

(Ä) u”kj ------------------------------- (p) oDr -------------------------------

(N) vkneh ------------------------------- (t) dke -------------------------------

16

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) ys[kd dks iksLV vkWfI+kQl tkus dh tYnh D;ksa Fkh\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) lTtu us ys[kd ls mudk D;k Nhu fy;k Fkk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) lTtu us fdlls ys[kd dh fpV~Bh ysus dk vkxzg fd;k\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) xqIrk th vkSj frokjh th D;k dk;Z djrs Fks\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) ys[kd lTtu ls cpus osQ fy, D;k djus yxs\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- fjDr LFkkuksa esa mfpr 'kCn Hkfj,µ ½ & 4 ¾ 2

(d) tks ----------------------- osQ eq[k ij guqeku dks ns[kdj vk;k FkkA

([k) ,d fnu os ----------------------- esa fey x,A

(x) os D;k iqfyl osQ vkneh gSa ;k ----------------------- foHkkx osQ gSa\

(?k) fyI+kQkI+kQk rks ugha gS] ----------------------- gSA

3- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ls fØ;k&in Nk¡Vdj Hksn fyf[k,µ 2 & 4 ¾ 8

(d) eSa ckgj fudykA --------------------- ---------------------

([k) ;g irk fy[kdj fyI+kQkI+ksQ dks Mkd esa NksM+ nhft,A --------------------- ---------------------

(x) vkius igyh ckj rks dksbZ dke crk;kA --------------------- ---------------------

(?k) izksI+ksQlj frokjh th ls feyus tk jgk gw¡A --------------------- ---------------------

17

dk;Z&if=kdkµ3




1- ml ?kVuk ;k vuqHko dk o.kZu dhft,] tc vkius viuk dke fdlh nwljs ls djok;k vkSj ijs'kku gq,A 5

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2- ^esjs iM+kslh* fo"k; ij vuqPNsn fyf[k,A 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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18

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1 1- (d) ;g ikB xn~; dh gkL;&O;aX; dFkk osQ varxZr vkrk gSA

([k) lTtu us esfMdy LVksj okys lkguh ls fVdV fy;kA

(x) jktw us lTtu dks fyI+kQkI+kQk vkSj ml ij irk fy[kus osQ fy, isu fn;kA

(?k) ys[kd tc Hkh fdlh ls feyus dh ckr dgrs rks lTtu mUgsa vius pkpk] ekek] llqj ;k firk dk nksLr crk nsrsA os nl&ianzg feuV mlosQ lkFk vius laca/ksa osQ ckjs esa crkrsA

(Ä) lTtu dks ujHk{kh dgk x;k] D;ksafd os ys[kd dk cgqr le; [kk tkrs Fks vFkkZr u"V dj nsrs FksA blls ys[kd dks vlqfo/k gksrh FkhA

(p) lTtu us lkguh ls fVdV yhA

2- (d) fyI+kQkI+kQk ([k) ”kjk (x) vkWfI+kQl (?k) ”k:j (Ä) izksI+ksQlj (p) csoowQI+kQ

3- (d) xqIr ([k) vko';d (x) dk;kZy; (?k) fpfdRld

(Ä) n`f"V (p) le; (N) euq"; (t) dk;Z

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) ys[kd tYnh iksLV vkWfI+kQl igq¡puk pkgrk Fkk] D;ksafd iksLV vkWfI+kQl can gksus dk le; gks

jgk FkkA

([k) lTtu us ys[kd ls mudk g"kZ Nhu fy;k FkkA

(x) lTtu us Mkfd;s ls ys[kd dh fpV~Bh ysus dk vkxzg fd;kA

(?k) xqIrk th MkWDVj Fks vkSj frokjh th izksI+ksQlj FksA

(Ä) ys[kd lTtu ls cpus osQ fy, nwljs jkLrs ls tkus yxsA

2- (d) lqjlk ([k) ck”kkj (x) [kqfI+kQ;k (?k) fVdV

3- (d) fudyk µ vdeZd fØ;k ([k) NksM+ nhft, µ ldeZd fØ;k

(x) crk;k µ ldeZd fØ;k (?k) tk jgk gw¡ µ vdeZd fØ;k

19

'kkieqfDr

lkjka'k

jes'k mikè;k; n~okjk jfpr ^'kkieqfDr* ,d jkspd dgkuh gSA ys[kd viuh nknh dk bykt djokus MkWú izHkkr osQ ikl tkrs gSaA ckrphr djrs gq, irk pyrk gS fd us=k fpfdRld MkWú izHkkr bykgkckn osQ gh jgus okys gSaA os ys[kd osQ cpiu osQ fe=k FksA nksuksa bdV~Bs [ksyrs FksA ,d ckj cpiu esa ftKklko'k eaVw (MkWú izHkkr) vkd osQ iRrksa ls fudys nw/ dks rhu fiYyksa dh vk¡[kksa esa Mky nsrs gSaA rhuksa fiYys va/s gks tkrs gSaA nks ej tkrs gSaA rhljs fiYys dks cCcw (ys[kd) us ikykA tc ys[kd dh nknh dks eaVw dh 'kjkjr dk irk pyrk gS rks og eaVw dks va/s gksus dk 'kki ns nsrh gSAeaVw vius vijk/ dk cks/ gksus ij cgqr nq[kh gqvk vkSj mlus i'pkrki osQ fy, us=k fpfdRld cuus dk fu'p; fd;kA vkt os liQy us=k fpfdRld osQ :i esa fdrus yksxksa dh vk¡[kksa dh jks'kuh okil ykSVkrs gSaA tc nknh eaVw dks igpku ysrh gSa rks viuh vk¡[kksa dk bykt djokus ls euk dj nsrh gSaA MkWú izHkkr osQ le>kus ij os mUgsa 'kkieqDr dj nsrh gSa vkSj bykt djokus osQ fy, rS;kj gks tkrh gSaA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd (d) ys[kd viuh cw<+h nknh dh vk¡[kksa dk bykt djkus fnYyh osQ cM+s izfln~/ us=k fpfdRld

MkWú izHkkr osQ ikl x,A

([k) MkWDVj izHkkr bykgkckn osQ jgusokys FksA

(x) cpiu esa eaVw vkSj cCcw odhy lkgc dh dksBh osQ ihNs tks cgqr cM+k ckx vkSj ?kkl dk eSnku Fkk] ogk¡ [ksyk djrs FksA

(?k) vkd osQ iRrs rksM+us ls muesa ls xk<+k&xk<+k lI+ksQn nw/ fudyrk gSA

(Ä) MkWú izHkkr ys[kd osQ ?kj mudh nknh ek¡ dks le>kus vk,A

fyf[kr

1- (d) (iii) bykgkckn osQ ([k) (ii) odhy (x) (iv) rhu (?k) (iv) nknh dks iSarhl lky igys dh ?kVuk ;kn FkhA

(Ä) (ii) nokbZ vkSj feBkbZ

3

20

2- (d) cpiu esa fcNM+s cCcw vkSj eaVw dh eqykdkr fnYyh osQ izfln~/ us=k fpfdRld MkWú izHkkr osQ Dyhfud esa gqbZA MkWú izHkkr dk gh cpiu dk uke eaVw Fkk vkSj ys[kd dk cCcwA

([k) nknh dk psgjk è;ku ls ns[kus ij MkWú izHkkr dh eqldku yqIr gks xbZA MkWú us nknh dks igpku fy;k FkkA nknh us mUgsa cpiu esa 'kki fn;k FkkA

(x) cpiu esa eaVw us f'k{kd n~okjk nh xbZ tkudkjh dk ijh{k.k djus osQ fy, rhu fiYyksa dh vk¡[k esa vkd osQ iRrs rksM+&rksM+ dj mudk nw/ Mkyk FkkA blls rhuksa fiYys va/s gksx, FksA

(?k) nknh us MkWú izHkkr ls vk¡[kksa dk bykt djokus ls euk dj fn;k] D;ksafd izHkkr us cpiu esa rhu fiYyksa dh vk¡[kksa esa vkd osQ iRrksa dk nw/ Mkydj va/k dj fn;k FkkA

(Ä) eaVw us cpiu esa gqbZ Hkwy dk izk;f'pr djus osQ fy, [kwc ifjJe fd;kA cM+s gksdj us=k fpfdRld cudj mlus cgqr&lh vk¡[kksa dks jks'kuh nhA

(p) bl dgkuh dk uke ^'kkieqfDr* iw.kZ :i ls mfpr gSA nknh us eaVw dks mlosQ xyr dk;Z djus osQ fy, 'kki fn;k FkkA eaVw us izk;f'pr fd;kA cM+s gksdj us=k fpfdRld cudj dbZ yksxksa dks vk¡[kksa dh jks'kuh nhA mlosQ usd dk;Z osQ dkj.k nknh us mls 'kki ls eqDr fd;kA

(N) eaVw us cpiu esa tks fd;k] og djuk vuqfpr FkkA viuh vcks/rk rFkk ftKklq izo`fRr osQ dkj.k og xyr dk;Z dj cSBkA ¯drq tc mls viuh xyrh irk pyh rks mlus izk;f'pr djus dk fu'p; fd;kA

O;kdj.k dh ckr

1- (d) ojnku ([k) rkdroj (x) nwj (?k) ;FkkFkZ

2- (d) rdyhI+kQ (v) ihM+k ([k) bykt (i) fpfdRlk

(x) ”k:jr (vi) vko';drk

(?k) dksf'k'k (iii) iz;kl (Ä) gSjkuh (iv) foLe; (p) eklwe (ii) vcks/

3- (d) lk¡l ([k) Ñr?u (x) Ük`axkj (?k) ueLdkj

(Ä) x`gLFk (p) iz'kalk (N) vk'khokZn (t) mUufr

4- (d) csVs dks ?kk;y djus okyksa dks ek¡ ikuh ih&ihdj dkslrh jghA

([k) jkosQ'k us dherh f[kykSuk [kjhnus osQ fy, gB idM+ yhA

(x) lcus mls cgqr le>k;k fd ukSdjh er NksM+ks ij og Vl&ls&el ugha gqvkA

(?k) ck<+ihfM+rksa dh nqnZ'kk ns[k lcdh vk¡[ksa Hkj vkb±A

21

O;fDrRo fu[kkj

1- tc eSa NksVk Fkk rc tks eu esa vkrk fcuk lksps&le>s dk;Z djus yx tkrkA dbZ ckj uqdlku Hkh gqvkA fiQj ek¡ us le>k;k fd lksp&le>dj dk;Z djuk pkfg,A ;fn dHkh Lo;a le> u vk, rks cM+ksa dh lykg ys ysuh pkfg,A tkus&vutkus gesa fdlh dks Hkh uqdlku ugha igq¡pkuk pkfg,A

(fon~;kFkhZ vius vuqHko Hkh fy[k ldrs gSaA)




22

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) ys[kd fdldh vk¡[kksa dk bykt djokus x,\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) us=k fpfdRld dk D;k uke Fkk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) ys[kd dk cpiu dk uke D;k Fkk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) vkd osQ iRrksa esa ls nw/ tSlk fudyus okyk inkFkZ oSQlk gksrk gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) nks fiYyksa dk D;k gqvk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- vusd 'kCnksa osQ fy, ,d 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) fpfdRlk djus okyk µ ------------------------------------------

([k) xhr xkus okyk µ ------------------------------------------

(x) f'k{kk nsus okyk µ ------------------------------------------

(?k) xhr fy[kus okyk µ ------------------------------------------

(Ä) dgkuh fy[kus okyk µ ------------------------------------------

3- îz* milxZ ^fln~/* 'kCn osQ lkFk tqM+dj îzfln~/* curk gSA blh izdkj îz* milxZ dk iz;ksx djrs gq, ik¡p 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

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23

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2




(d) nknh osQ crkus ij ys[kd dks D;k ;kn vk;k\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) eaVw vkSj cCcw osQ fy, D;k tkudkjh foLe;dkjh Fkh\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) ys[kd dks fdl ckr ij gSjkuh gqbZ\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa ls milxZ] ewy 'kCn rFkk izR;; vyx&vyx djosQ fyf[k,µ 1 & 6 ¾ 6

milxZ 'kCn izR;;

(d) cq<+kik µ ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

([k) midj.k µ ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

(x) izlUurk µ ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

(?k) vR;f/d µ ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

(Ä) foLe;dkjh µ ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

(p) oqQÑR; µ ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

3- fojke fpg~uksa osQ uke fyf[k,µ ½ & 6 ¾ 3

(d) ú µ --------------------------- ([k) — µ ---------------------------

(x) ^^ ** µ --------------------------- (?k) ! µ ---------------------------

(Ä) \ µ --------------------------- (p) _ µ ---------------------------

24

dk;Z&if=kdkµ3




1- vki ,sls dkSu&dkSu ls dk;Z djsaxs ftlls cM+s vkidks vk'khokZn nsa\ 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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2- mu ph”kksa osQ uke dh lwph cukb,] ftUgsa [kkus ls vk¡[ksa de”kksj ugha gksrh\ 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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25

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

1- (d) ys[kd viuh nknh dh vk¡[kksa dk bykt djokus x,A

([k) us=k fpfdRld dk uke MkWú izHkkr FkkA

(x) ys[kd dk cpiu dk uke cCcw FkkA

(?k) vkd osQ iRrksa esa ls lI+ksQn&lI+ksQn nw/ tSlk inkFkZ fudyrk gS] og vk¡[kksa osQ fy, gkfudkjd

gksrk gSA

(Ä) vk¡[kksa esa vkd osQ iRrksa dk nw/ tkus ls nks fiYys ej x,A

2- (d) fpfdRld ([k) xk;d (x) f'k{kd (?k) xhrdkj (Ä) dgkuhdkj

3- izpkj] izdkj] iz;ksx] izlkj] izdk'k

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- (d) nknh osQ ;kn fnykus ij iSarhl lky igys dh cpiu dh ?kVuk nq[kn Le`fr osQ :i esa vk¡[kksa

osQ lkeus vk xbZA

([k) vè;kid us ;g crk;k fd vkd osQ iRrksa ls fudyk lI+ksQn inkFkZ vk¡[kksa esa pyk tk, rks

vkneh va/k gks tkrk gSA ;g tkudkjh mu nksuksa osQ fy, foLe;dkjh FkhA

(x) ys[kd ;g tkudj gSjku gqvk fd cpiu esa rhu fiYyksa dh vk¡[ksa [kjkc djus okyk eaVw

vkt bruk cM+k us=k fpfdRld gSA

2- (d) cw<+k $ vkik ([k) mi $ dj.k (x) iz $ lUu $ rk

(?k) vfr $ vf/d (Ä) foLe; $ dkj $ bZ (p) oqQ $ ÑR;

3- (d) ú yk?ko fpg~u ([k) — funsZ'kd fpg~u (x) ^^ ** mn~/j.k fpg~u (?k) ! foLe;kfncks/d (Ä) \ iz'uokpd fpg~u (p) _ v/Z fojke

26

eSa vkSj esjk oaQI;wVj

lkjka'k

^eSa vkSj esjk oaQI;wVj* vkRedFkkRed 'kSyh esa fy[kk Kkuo/Zd ikB gSA bl ikB esa 'kksHkuk u;k oaQI;wVj ysdj cgqr [kq'k gSA oaQI;wVj mls viuk ifjp; nsdj vius fodkl dh dgkuh crkrk gS] ftlls mldh dk;Z'kSyh rFkk {kerkvksa osQ fodkl osQ ckjs esa tkudkjh feyrh gSA orZeku in~/fr osQ vuqlkj mlosQ ik¡p Hkkx gSaµLej.k ;a=k] fu;a=k.k ;a=k] vadxf.kr ;a=k] vkarfjd ;a=k vkSj ckg~; ;a=kA ikB esa buosQ ckjs esa Hkh tkudkjh nh xbZ gSA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd (d) 'kksHkuk [kq'k Fkh] D;ksafd mldk viuk oaQI;wVj vk jgk FkkA

([k) oaQI;wVj us 'kksHkuk dks viuh mRifRr vkSj fodkl dh dgkuh lqukbZA

(x) oaQI;wVj 'kCn vaxzs”kh Hkk"kk osQ ^oaQI;wVj* (Compute) 'kCn ls cuk gS] ftldk vFkZ gSµx.kuk djukA

(?k) orZeku in~/fr osQ vuqlkj oaQI;wVj dks ik¡p Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA

(Ä) oaQI;wVj dh ik¡poha ih<+h esa Ñf=ke cqn~f/ dk fuos'k fd;k x;kA

fyf[kr

1- (d) (iv) NksVk&lk] iryk&lk oaQI;wVj ([k) (ii) vaxzs”kh (x) (i) 6 O;fDr;ksa osQ (?k) (iv) VªkaftLVj dk (Ä) (ii) Lej.k ;a=k esa

2- (d) ?kaVh ctrs gh 'kksHkuk njok”kk [kksyus osQ fy, Hkkxh] D;ksafd mlosQ ikik mlosQ fy, oaQI;wVj ykus okys FksA

([k) 1812 bZú esa pkYlZ cscs”k us lcls igys fMftVy oaQI;wVj cuk;kA

(x) oSD;we V~;wCl osQ iz;ksx ls oaQI;wVj dk vkdkj Hkkjh&Hkjde gks x;kA mldh V~;wCl vkdkj esa cM+h rFkk vf/d xjeh mRiUu djrh Fkha rFkk muesa VwV&iwQV vkSj ”;knk [kjkch gksus dh laHkkouk jgrh FkhA

4

27

(?k) oaQI;wVj dk vkdkj NksVk djus vkSj mldh dk;Z{kerk c<+kus o rs”k xfr ls x.kuk djus esa l{ke cukus osQ fy, flfydkWu fpi ij baVhxzsVsM lfdZV dk mi;ksx fd;k tkus yxkA

(Ä) ge cPpksa osQ fy, oaQI;wVj cgqr mi;ksxh gSA ns'k&fons'k dh tkudkjh izkIr gksrh gSA fdlh Hkh fo"k; ls lacaf/r dksbZ Hkh tkudkjh ;k oqQN <w¡<+uk gks rks oaQI;wVj ij vklkuh ls <w¡< ldrs gSaA oaQI;wVj ij lHkh fo"k;ksa dh iBu lkexzh Hkh miyC/ gksrh gSA jpukRed dk;Z osQ fy, Hkh vko';d lkexzh fey tkrh gSA


O;kdj.k dh ckr

1- (d) vdeZd fØ;k ([k) ldeZd fØ;k (x) vdeZd fØ;k (?k) ldeZd fØ;k (Ä) ldeZd fØ;k (p) ldeZd fØ;k (N) ldeZd fØ;k 2- (d) og µ iq#"kokpd loZuke ([k) dkSu µ iz'uokpd loZuke (x) oqQN µ vfu'p;okpd loZuke (?k) Lo;a µ futokpd loZuke (Ä) mlus µ iq#"kokpd loZuke 3- (d) v $ ;a=k $ bd ([k) mi $ ;ksx $ bZ (x) Lo $ pky $ br (?k) vuq $ :i $ rk (Ä) v $ fodkl $ br (p) iz $ lkj $ br 4- (d) lk¡i ([k) pk; (x) egy (?k) ?kM+k (Ä) #bZ (p) oqQvk¡ (N) iwQy (t) ?kj

O;fDrRo fu[kkj

1- fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA 2- cPps d{kk vè;kfidk osQ lkeus vius&vius fopkj izLrqr djsaxsA daI;wVj ls gksus okys ykHk rFkk

gkfu;ksa ij vius fopkj izLrqr djsaxsA



28

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1



1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 1& 5 ¾ 5

(d) dkSu 'kksHkuk dks vius daI;wVj dks gkFk ugha yxkus nsrk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) 'kksHkuk dh [kq'kh dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) daI;wVj dk fodkl fdl mn~ns'; dh iwfrZ osQ fy, fd;k x;k\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) pkYlZ cscs”k us fdlls izsj.kk yh vkSj fdldk vkfo"dkj fd;k\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) oaQI;wVj esa okWYo dh txg fdldk iz;ksx gksus yxk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- ikB esa iz;qDr vaxzs”kh 'kCnksa dks <w¡<dj fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

-------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------

3- okD; cukb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) o"kZ&nj&o"kZ µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) vk'p;Zpfdr gks tkuk µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) VwV&iwQV µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) NksVk&lk µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) cM+k&lk µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

29

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- fuEufyf[kr okD; mfpr 'kCn Hkjdj iwjs dhft,µ 1 & 4 ¾ 4

(d) mUgksaus ----------------------- oaQI;wVj dh ifjdYiuk dhA

([k) ohú,yú,yúvkbZú dh izkfIr ls ----------------------- ij g”kkjksa VªkaftLVj yxk, tk ldrs FksA

(x) Lopkfyr oaQI;wVj dh ifjdYiuk dks ----------------------- us iwjk fd;kA

(?k) baVhxzsVsM lfdZV ls esjh xfr ----------------------- ls usuks lsoaQM rd gks xbZA

2- foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ ½ & 10 ¾ 5

(d) viuk ------------------------------- ([k) cM+s -------------------------------

(x) eqf'dy ------------------------------- (?k) iryk -------------------------------

(Ä) vkt ------------------------------- (p) mRifRr -------------------------------

(N) Ñf=ke ------------------------------- (t) vf/d -------------------------------

(>) rs”k ------------------------------- (×k) laHko -------------------------------

3- lgh feyku dhft,µ 1 & 6 ¾ 6

(d) Lej.k (i) Control

([k) fu;a=k.k (ii) Artifi cial

(x) vadxf.kr (iii) Memory

(?k) vkarfjd (iv) External

(Ä) ckg~; (v) Arithmetic

(p) Ñf=ke (vi) Internal

30

dk;Z&if=kdkµ3




1- tc vkius oaQI;wVj ij igyh ckj dke fd;k] rc vkidks oSQlk yxk\ vius vuqHko dks vuqPNsn :i esa fyf[k,A 5

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2- D;k oaQI;wVj ,d f'k{kd ;k f'kf{kdk dk LFkku ys ldrk gS\ lkspdj fyf[k,A 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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31

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

1- (d) cM+s HkS;k 'kksHkuk dks vius oaQI;wVj dks gkFk ugha yxkus nsrsA

([k) 'kksHkuk dh [kq'kh dk dkj.k Fkk fd mldk viuk oaQI;wVj vk jgk FkkA

(x) oaQI;wVj dk fodkl xf.krh; x.kukvksa osQ mn~ns'; dh iwfrZ osQ fy, fd;k x;k gSA

(?k) pkYlZ cscs”k us ikLdfyu ls izsj.kk ysdj fMizsQfU'k;y vkSj ,ukfyfVdy batu dk

vkfo"dkj fd;kA

(Ä) oaQI;wVj esa okWYo dh txg VªkaftLVj dk iz;ksx gksus yxkA

2- osQyoqQysVj bysDVªkWfud e'khu oSD;we V~;wCl

VªkaftLVj okWYo baVhxzsVsM lfdZV

ekbØks izkslslj vkfVZfiQ'ky baVsfytsal (dksbZ ik¡p)

3- (d) jes'k fnu&jkr esgur dj o"kZ&nj&o"kZ vius mn~;ksx dk fodkl djrk jgkA

([k) u;k f[kykSuk ns[kdj cPpk vk'p;Zpfdr gks x;kA

(x) uhjt xkM+h dh VwV&iwQV Bhd djkus x;kA

(?k) ou esa NksVk&lk fgj.k ns[kdj lc gSjku jg x,A

(Ä) geus ,d cM+k&lk ?kj [kjhnk gSA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- (d) Lopkfyr ([k) ,dy fpi (x) gFkuZ gksysjhFk

(?k) ekbØks lsoaQM

1- (d) ijk;k ([k) NksVs (x) vklku (?k) eksVk

(Ä) dy (p) fouk'k (N) LokHkkfod (t) U;wu

(>) /hjs (×k) vlaHko

3- (d) (iii) ([k) (i) (x) (v) (?k) (vi)

(Ä) (iv) (p) (ii)

32

,d jgL;

lkjka'k

ikB esa pfpZr uUgh rksRrks pku dks LowQy ls okil vkrs gq, jsyxkM+h esa ik¡p lsu dk flDdk feyrk gSA igys og lksprh gS fd flDdk flikgh dks lkSai nsxhA mu fnuksa ik¡p lsu esa oqQN ehBh xksfy;k¡ ;k ,d pkWdysV [kjhnh tk ldrh FkhA rksRrks pku osQ fy, og ,d cM+h iw¡th FkhA ?kj ys tkus ij ek¡ iwN ldrh Fkh] blfy, mlus isM+ksa osQ >qjeqV esa ,d xM~<k [kksnk vkSj mlesa flDdk fNik fn;kA mlus lkspk fd vxys fnu lcls lykg djsxhA vxys fnu mlus xM~<s esa ns[kk flDdk xk;c FkkA mls cgqr gSjkuh gqbZA tc Hkh ogk¡ ls xqtjrh] b/j&m/j [kksn&[kksndj ns[kk] ij flDdk ugha feykA ;g ,d jgL; gh jgk] ftls og dHkh Hkh Hkqyk ugha ldhA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd (d) rksRrks pku dks ¯”knxh esa igyh ckj oqQN iSls iM+s feysA ([k) rksRrks pku lokfj;ksa osQ /DosQ lgrh jgh] D;ksafd mlosQ iSj osQ uhps flDdk FkkA (x) mlus flDdk mBkus osQ fy, ,d mik; lkspkA og /hjs ls dgsxh fd mlosQ iSls fxj x,A lHkh

le>saxs fd flDdk mlh dk gSA (?k) mlus isM+ksa osQ ,d >qjeqV osQ ikl feV~Vh esa xM~<k [kksndj mlesa flDdk xkM+kA (Ä) rksRrks pku osQ vuqlkj flDdk NNwanj ys x;k gksxkA

fyf[kr 1- (d) (iv) mls vius LVs'ku ij mlh vksj mrjuk gksrk FkkA ([k) (ii) ik¡p lsu dk flDdk (x) (iii) oqQN ehBh xksfy;k¡ ;k ,d pkWdysV (?k) (ii) isM+ksa dk lewg (Ä) (ii) LowQy osQ ckjs esa 2- (d) rksRrks pku dks iSls jsyxkM+h esa feys] tc og LowQy ls ?kj vk jgh FkhA ([k) fdlh us rksRrks pku dks crk;k Fkk fd vxj dHkh iSls iM+s gq, feysa rks mUgsa flikgh dks

lkSai nsuk pkfg,A (x) oaQMDVj dks ns[kdj rksRrks pku eqLdjk ugha ikbZ] D;ksafd mlus mlh le; lkspk Fkk fd

og iSj osQ uhps fNik, gq, flDosQ dks mBk ysxhA

5

33

(?k) LVs'ku dh lhf<+;k¡ mrjrs gq, rksRrks pku us fu'p; fd;k fd og flDdk fNik nsxh vkSj dy LowQy esa lcls lykg djsxhA

(Ä) var esa rksRrks pku fujk'k gks xbZ] D;ksafd mlus ik¡p lsu dk flDdk tgk¡ xkM+k Fkk] ogk¡ ls u tkus dgk¡ xk;c gks x;k FkkA

(p) ;fn gesa jkLrs esa iM+h dksbZ oLrq fey tk, rks ge ml oLrq osQ ckjs esa iwNrkN djsaxs fd fdlh dh rks ughaA ;fn mlosQ ekfyd dk irk ugha pyk rks iqfyl dks ns nsaxsA

(N) fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a fy[ksaxsA

O;kdj.k dh ckr 1- (d) og ik¡p lsu dk flDdk FkkA ([k) og dke;kc jghA (x) og csgn Fkd xbZ FkhA (?k) mls csgn fujk'kk gqbZA (Ä) vc og nksLrksa dks D;k fn[kk,xh\ 2- (d) lh/h (iv) myVh ([k) nk;k¡ (i) ck;k¡ (x) fujk'kk (vi) vk'kk (?k) mrjuk (ii) p<+uk (Ä) cM+h (iii) NksVh (p) ”;knk (v) de 3- (d) flDosQ ([k) lokfj;k¡ (x) /DosQ (?k) xqfRFk;k¡ (Ä) iSls (p) lhf<+;k¡ (N) fMCcs (t) MafM;k¡

O;fDrRo fu[kkj fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsa


1- lwpuk

osaQnzh; fon~;ky;] ihreiqjk18 vDrwcj] 20XX

vkt eSnku esa [ksyrs gq, esjh VkbVu dh ?kM+h fxj xbZA mldk LVSªi dkys jax dk gSA ;fn fdlh dks Hkh og ?kM+h feys rks ykSVkus dh Ñik djsaA

euh"k eYgks=kk d{kk&vkBoha

(fon~;kFkhZ vius vuqlkj Hkh fy[k ldrs gSaA)


34

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1



1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 1& 5 ¾ 5 (d) rksRrks pku dgk¡ ls jsy esa p<+h Fkh\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) rksRrks pku us oaQMDVj dks ns[kdj D;k fd;k\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) flDdk mBkus osQ fy, rksRrks pku us D;k fu'p; fd;k\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) vxys fnu lqcg rksRrks pku us D;k fd;k\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) rksRrks pku us flDdk xk;c gksus dh xqRFkh oSQls lqy>kbZ\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- mfpr 'kCnksa ls fjDr LFkku Hkfj,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5 (d) ft;qxkvksdk ls og ----------------------- jsy esa p<+h FkhA

([k) rksRrks pku us flDosQ ij ----------------------- iSj j[k fn;kA

(x) viuk LVs'ku vkrs gh og twrs osQ iQhrs ck¡/us osQ cgkus ------------------------------- vkSj pqipki ----------------------- mBk ysA

(?k) 'kk;n dksbZ ----------------------- ys x;k gksxkA (Ä) og nkSM+rh gqbZ ----------------------- rd igq¡phA

3- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa dkjd osQ Hksn fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5 (d) mlosQ eu us rqjar nwljh leL;k mBkbZA ([k) rhoz eksM+ ij flDdk yq<+ddj 'kk;n mlosQ ikl vk x;k FkkA (x) LowQy ls ?kj vkrs le; mls flDdk feykA (?k) rksRrks pku flDosQ dks mBkus yxhA (Ä) LVs'ku dh lhf<+;k¡ mrjrs gq, og lkspus yxhA

35

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ls fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks"; Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,µ 1& 5 ¾ 5 (d) vxys LVs'ku ij igq¡pus ls igys rhoz ?kqeko iM+rk gSA --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) rksRrks pku fMCcs osQ nk,¡ njok”ks osQ ikl [kM+h jgrh FkhA --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) og ,d cVu fudyk FkkA --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) oqQN ehBh xksfy;k¡ ;k ,d pkWdysV [kjhnh tk ldrh FkhA --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) ,d vthc ls vkdkj dk NksVk iRFkj <w¡<dj ogk¡ j[kkA --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ls js[kkafdr fØ;k inksa osQ Hksn lajpuk osQ vk/kj ij fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) og LowQy ls ?kj vk jgh FkhA --------------------------------------

([k) rksRrks pku us flDosQ ij viuk nk;k¡ iSj j[k fn;kA --------------------------------------

(x) tc og mrjh rks ilhus ls Hkhxh gqbZ FkhA --------------------------------------

(?k) tYnh lksus pyh xbZA --------------------------------------

(Ä) D;k eSaus ml fnu liuk ns[kk FkkA --------------------------------------

3- fØ;kfo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa ls okD; cukb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5 (d) vpkud -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) /hjs&/hjs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) pqipki -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) jks”kkuk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) dHkh&dHkh -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

36

dk;Z&if=kdkµ3




1- rksRrks pku dks ik¡p lsu dk flDdk fey x;k gksrk rks og D;k&D;k [kjhnrh\ lkspdj fyf[k,A 5

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2- vkidks rksRrks pku dh rjg iSls feys] rks vki D;k djsaxs\ 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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37

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

1- (d) rksRrks pku ft;qxkvksdk ls vksbekph jsy esa p<+h FkhA

([k) daMDVj dks ns[kdj rksRrks pku us flDosQ ij viuk nk;k¡ iSj j[k fn;kA

(x) rksRrks pku us twrs osQ iQhrs ck¡/us osQ cgkus flDdk mBkus dk fu'p; fd;kA

(?k) vxys fnu rksRrks pku lqcg FkksM+h tYnh ?kj ls fudyh vkSj jkWdh osQ lkFk nkSM+rh gqbZ >qjeqV

rd igq¡phA

(Ä) rksRrks pku flDdk xk;c gksus dh xqRFkh ugha lqy>k ikbZA

2- (d) vksbekph ([k) nk;k¡ (x) >qosQ] flDdk (?k) NNwanj (Ä) >qjeqV

3- (d) drkZ dkjd ([k) vf/dj.k dkjd (x) viknku dkjd (?k) deZ dkjd

(Ä) laca/ dkjd

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- fo'ks"k.k µ (d) rhoz ([k) nk,¡ (x) ,d (?k) ehBh] ,d (Ä) NksVk

fo'ks"; µ (d) ?kqeko ([k) njok”ks (x) cVu (?k) xksfy;k¡] pkWdysV (Ä) iRFkj

2- (d) la;qDr fØ;k ([k) eq[; fØ;k (x) lgk;d fØ;k

(?k) la;qDr fØ;k (Ä) la;qDr fØ;k

3- (d) Vsªu pyrs&pyrs vpkud #d xbZA

([k) ikuh esa jsr /hjs&/hjs cSBus yxhA

(x) iz/kupk;Z dks ns[kdj cPps pqipki i<+us yxsA

(?k) vPNs LokLF; osQ jks”kkuk ?kweus tkvksA

(Ä) o"kkZ esa dHkh&dHkh Hkhxuk vPNk yxrk gSA

38

nks iaNh

lkjka'k

izLrqr dfork esa fHkUu&fHkUu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa jgus okys nks iafN;ksa dh ckr dh tk jgh gSA fiatjs esa can iaNh lq[k&lqfo/kvksa ls ifjiw.kZ thou O;rhr djrk gS] tcfd vk”kkn iaNh Lora=k jgdj viuh bPNk osQ vuqlkj thou thrk gSA fiatjs esa can iaNh dks lHkh lq[k&lqfo/k,¡ feyrh gSaA og xqykeh dk gh xhr xkrk gSA og thou esa dksbZ tksf[ke mBkuk ugha pkgrk gSA nksuksa iafN;ksa osQ rqyukRed vè;;u osQ ekè;e ls euq"; dks Lora=krk dk egRRo le>k;k tk jgk gSA fiatjs osQ iaNh dh rjg vusd yksx lalkj esa lq[k&lqfo/kvksa osQ lhfer nk;js esa gh jguk ilan djrs gSa ¯drq Lora=k fopkjksa okyk O;fDr d"Vksa dks lgdj Hkh lq[k dk vuqHko djrk gSA Lora=krk esa gh lPpk lq[k gSA ;g lans'k nsuk gh dfo dk izeq[k mn~ns'; gSA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd (d) fiatjs dk iaNh lksus osQ fiatjs esa FkkA ([k) fiatjs osQ iaNh us ou osQ iaNh ls dgk fd og Hkh fiatjs esa vkjke ls jgsA (x) ckgj cSBk ou dk iaNh Lora=k gks ou osQ reke xhr xk jgk gSA (?k) nksuksa iaNh ,d&nwljs dks le>k ugha ikrs] D;ksafd nksuksa osQ LoHkko rFkk jgu&lgu esa varj gSA

,d Lora=k jgus okyk rFkk nwljk ijk/hurk dk thou O;rhr djus okyk gSA (Ä) fiatjs esa iaNh dks lhfer LFkku gh feyrk gSA og mM+ ugha ikrk gS] blfy, mldh 'kfDr lekIr

gks tkrh gSA

fyf[kr 1- (d) (ii) ou dk iaNh fiatjs osQ iaNh dks ([k) (iii) vkdk'k xgjk uhyk gS (x) (i) cgqr NksVk gSA (?k) (iii) ik[kh (Ä) (iv) Lora=k jgus esa gh lPpk lq[k gS 2- (d) ou dk iaNh fiatjs esa jgus osQ fy, rS;kj ugha gqvk] D;ksafd og Lora=k jgdj viuh bPNk

osQ vuqlkj thou thuk pkgrk gSA ([k) Lora=k jgus okys euq"; osQ fopkj Hkh Lora=k gksrs gSaA og Lora=k jgdj [kq'kh osQ xhr xkrk

gSA ijra=k O;fDr osQ fopkj vius fopkj ugha gksrs] mls tks dgk tkrk gS og ogh Hkko ;k fopkj izdV djrk gSA mldk viuk O;fDrRo ugha gksrkA Lora=k rFkk ijra=k euq";ksa dh Hkk"kk esa dksbZ lekurk ugha gksrhA

(x) fiatjs osQ iaNh us ou osQ iaNh dks lq[k ls Hkjs ,dkar esa jgus osQ fy, dgk] D;ksafd og lq[k&lqfo/kvksa ls Hkjiwj thou dks gh Js"B le>rk gSA

6

39

(?k) fiatjs dk iaNh fiatjs osQ lhfer lq[kksa dk vknh gS vkSj ou dk iaNh viuh Lora=krk dkA nksuksa vius thou thus osQ <ax dks mlh :i esa j[kuk pkgrs gSaA

(Ä) fiatjs esa iaNh dks lhfer LFkku gh feyrk gSA og mM+ ugha ikrk gSA og mM+us dk iz;kl Hkh ugha djrk] blfy, mldh 'kfDr lekIr gks tkrh gSA

(p) gekjs lkeus dksbZ O;fDr i'kq ;k i{kh dks fiatjs esa can dj jgk gksxk rks ge mldk fojks/ djsaxsA mls le>k,¡xs fd Lora=krk lc izkf.k;ksa dk tUefln~/ vf/dkj gSA gesa fdlh dks ca/u esa j[kus dk vf/dkj ugha gSA

(N) if{k;ksa dks vius 'kkSd osQ fy, fiatjs esa oSQn djosQ j[kuk mfpr ugha gSA i{kh Lora=k jgdj [kq'k jgrs gSaA vius ia[kksa ls b/j&m/j mM+ku Hkjrs gSaA vkdk'k gh if{k;ksa dk ?kj gSA ;fn gesa dksbZ ca/u esa j[ks rks ge Hkh ugha jg ik,¡xsA ;gh i{kh Hkh fiatjs esa jgdj vuqHko djrs gSaA

(fon~;kFkhZ vius fopkj Hkh j[k ldrs gSaA)

O;kdj.k dh ckr 1- (d) ouik[kh ([k) fiatjk (x) cgsfy;k (?k) xk;d (Ä) j{kd 2- (d) Hkzkrk] ca/q ([k) dkuu] taxy (x) es?k] tyn (?k) fny] ân; (Ä) Lo.kZ] dapu (p) fuokl] fBdkuk 3- (d) vusd µ taxy esa vusd tho&tarq jgrs gSaA ([k) vanj µ xjeh esa ?kj osQ vanj jguk pkfg,A (x) mFkyk µ oqQvk¡ xgjk ugha] mFkyk gSA (?k) ikrky µ mlus izFke vkus osQ fy, vkdk'k&ikrky ,d dj fn;kA 4- (d) fpfM+;k ([k) iaNh (x) tkuoj (?k) vkdk'k (Ä) nk;jk (p) cPps

O;fDrRo fu[kkj 1- eqDr iaNh dk thou loksZRre gSA og tc pkgs] tgk¡ pkgs mM+dj tk ldrk gSA Lora=k lk¡l ys

ldrk gSA eqfDr dk xkuk xk ldrk gSA mlosQ mM+us osQ fy, foLr`r vkdk'k gSA Å¡ph mM+ku Hkjdj og cknyksa dks Nw ldrk gSA viuh e”khZ ls [kk&ih ldrk gSA canh thou esa tks Hkh lq[k&lqfo/k,¡ feyrh gSa] mudk dksbZ ykHk ughaA eqDr jgdj dM+os iQy Hkh vPNs yxrs gSaA

(fon~;kFkhZ vius fopkj Hkh fy[k ldrs gSaA) 2- vkyL; vkSj ijra=krk dk thou thus okyksa dk thou oqQ,¡ osQ esa<d dh rjg gSA ftl izdkj

oqQ,¡ osQ esa<d dh nqfu;k oqQ,¡ rd gh lhfer jgrh gS] mlh izdkj vkylh vkSj ijra=k izk.kh dh lksp Hkh lhfer nk;js rd jgrh gSA mldk thou Åijh rkSj ij lqanj gksrs gq, Hkh og de”kksj o foÑr euksn'kk esa thrk gSA ,slk O;fDr vius ewY;oku thou dks O;FkZ dj nsrk gSA thou esa dHkh rjDdh ugha djrkA


vkvks pysa iBu ls nwj fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsa

40

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1



1- fuEufyf[kr dkO;&iafDr;ksa dk ljykFkZ fyf[k,µ 4 + 4 ¾ 8 (d) ckgj cSBk&cSBk ou dk iaNh ou osQ reke xhr xk jgk gS] vkSj fiatjs dk iaNh viuh

jVh&jVkbZ ckrsa nksgjk jgk gS] ,d dh Hkk"kk dk nwljs dh Hkk"kk esa esy ughaA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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([k) ou dk iaNh dgrk gS] ^^ugha] dkSu tkus dc fiatjs dh f[kM+dh can dj nh tk,A** fiatjs dk iaNh dgrk gS] ^^gk;] eq>esa mM+us dh 'kfDr ugha gSA** ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ fyf[k,µ 3

(d) fo/krk ------------------------------- ([k) BkSj -------------------------------

(x) VqoqQj&VqoqQj ns[kuk -------------------------------

3- okD; cukb,µ 4

(d) vius&vki ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) jVh&jVkbZ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) laxhr ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) Nw&Nwdj ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

41

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2




(d) nksuksa iafN;ksa osQ thou esa D;k varj Fkk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) ou osQ iaNh us fiatjs esa can iaNh dks D;k dgk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(x) fiatjs osQ iaNh us D;k etcwjh crkbZ\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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2- lekukFkhZ 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 = 5

(d) i{kh µ --------------------- ([k) ou µ ---------------------

(x) ifjikVh µ --------------------- (?k) vkjke µ ---------------------

(Ä) dkrj µ ---------------------

3- dfork esa ls iqu#Dr 'kCn&;qXe Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,µ 1 & 4 ¾ 4

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42

dk;Z&if=kdkµ3




1- bl dfork osQ ekè;e ls dfo johanzukFk BkoqQj D;k crkuk pkgrs gSa\ 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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2- ,d vksj lq[k&lqfo/kvksa ls Hkjk thou gS] nwljh vksj Lora=k thou gS] ysfdu lq[k&lqfo/kvksadk vHkko gSA nksuksa esa ls vki oSQlk thou Lohdkj djuk pkgsaxs vkSj D;ksa\ 5

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43

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1 1- (d) ,d ckj ou esa LoPNan fopj.k djus okyk i{kh rFkk fiatjs esa can i{kh dk esy gks tkrk

gSA tks i{kh Lora=k gS] og viuh ethZ ls tks pkgs xhr xkrk gS] ysfdu fiatjs esa can i{kh

jVh&jVkbZ ckrsa dgrk gSA og vius Lora=k fopkjksa dks izdV ugha dj ikrkA nksuksa osQ fopkjksa

esa dksbZ lekurk ughaA bu iafDr;ksa dk Hkko ;g gS fd Lora=k jgus okys euq"; osQ fopkj Hkh

Lora=k gksrs gSaA og Lora=k jgdj [kq'kh osQ xhr xkrk gSA ijra=k O;fDr osQ vius fopkj ugha

gksrs] mls tks dgk tkrk gS og ogh Hkko ;k fopkj izdV djrk gSA mldk viuk O;fDrRo

ugha gksrkA Lora=k rFkk ijra=k euq";ksa dh Hkk"kk esa dksbZ lekurk ugha gksrhA

([k) tc fiatjs esa can iaNh rFkk Lora=k iaNh ,d&nwljs dks ikl esa vkus osQ fy, dgrs gSa] rc

ou dk iaNh euk dj nsrk gSA mls Lora=k jguk vPNk yxrk gSA og dHkh Hkh oSQn ugha gksuk

pkgrkA fiatjs esa can iaNh fujk'kkoknh gSA og fujk'kk Hkjs Loj esa dgrk gS fd mlesa mM+us

dh 'kfDr ugha gSA Hkko ;g gS fd xqyke O;fDr vius lhfer nk;js esa jgdj [kq'k gSA og

ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls le>kSrk dj ysrk gSA thou esa tksf[ke ugha mBkuk pkgrkA

2- (d) bZ'oj ([k) fBdkuk (x) yypkbZ gqbZ vk¡[kksa ls ns[kuk

3- (d) lc cPpksa dks viuk dk;Z vius&vki djuk pkfg,A

([k) jVh&jVkbZ ckrksa ls dksbZ ykHk ugha] lksp&le>dj mRrj fy[kksA

(x) esjh 'kkL=kh; laxhr esa #fp gSA

(?k) cPpk vius u, f[kykSus dks Nw&Nwdj [kq'k gks jgk FkkA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) nksuksa iafN;ksa osQ jgu&lgu esa cgqr cM+k varj FkkA ou dk iaNh Lora=k thou thus dk vknh

Fkk rFkk fiatjs dk iaNh fiatjs dh lq[k&lqfo/kvksa Hkjk thou O;rhr dj jgk FkkA

([k) ou osQ iaNh us fiatjs esa can iaNh ls fiatjs dks R;kxdj ou esa pyus osQ fy, dgkA

(x) fiatjs osQ iaNh us viuh ;g etcwjh crkbZ fd mlosQ ia[kksa esa mM+us dh 'kfDr ugha gSA

2- (d) uHkpj ([k) dkuu (x) izFkk (?k) foJke (Ä) O;koqQy

3- cSBk&cSBk] ikl&ikl] VqoqQj&VqoqQj] vyx&vyxA

44

ÅVh dh lSj

lkjka'k

izLrqr i=k esa igkM+ksa dh jkuh ÅVh osQ izkÑfrd lkSan;Z] HkkSxksfyd tkudkjh rFkk n'kZuh; LFkyksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA ÅVh rfeyukMq osQ uhyfxfj f”kys dk eq[;ky; tks leqnzry ls 2240 ehVj dh Å¡pkbZ ij gSA dYykj ls oqQuwj] ÅVh ls xqMywj rd osQ jkLrs dk lkSan;Z vn~forh; gSA nksnkcsV~Vk f'k[kj] ySECl jkWd] jaxkLokeh f'k[kj vkfn dh lqanjrk dk vkuan vuks[kk gSA eqnqeykbZ oU; izk.kh fogkj esa fofHkUu iztkfr;ksa osQ isM+&ikS/s vkSj tho&tarq gSaA dksVkfxfj ;gk¡ osQ rhu fgy LVs'kuksa esa ls lcls iqjkuk gSA vizSy ls twu vkSj flracj ls uoacj rd dk le; ÅVh Hkze.k osQ fy, lcls mi;qDr gSA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd (d) eSnkuh bykdksa dh xjeh ls NqVdkjk ikus osQ fy, euq"; igkM+h {ks=kksa dh lSj djuk pkgrk gSA

ogk¡ dk izkÑfrd lkSan;Z ea=keqX/ dj nsrk gSA

([k) ;rhu us vius fe=k f'kokax dks i=k fy[kkA

(x) ÅVh dks igkM+ksa dh jkuh dgk x;k gSA

(?k) nksnkcsV~Vk f'k[kj ÅVh f”kys dk lcls Å¡pk LFkku gSA

(Ä) ÅVh osQ Hkze.k osQ fy, lcls mi;qDr le; vizSy ls twu vkSj flracj ls uoacj rd dk gSA

fyf[kr

1- (d) (iii) uhyk igkM+ ([k) (iv) 2240 ehVj (x) (ii) pk; osQ ckxkuksa us (?k) (iii) nks djksM+ o"kZ

(Ä) (iv) ,d NksVs&ls xk¡o dk uke

2- (d) ÅVh dks mn~xeaMye~ osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA

([k) dYykj ls oqQuwj rd osQ jkLrksa esa isM+&ikS/ksa esa rFkk ekSle esa vk'p;Ztud cnyko ns[kus dks feyrk gSA dYykj dk ekSle xje gS rFkk oqQuwj osQ ekSle esa ueh gksrh gSA

(x) nksnkcsV~Vk f'k[kj ÅVh dk lcls Å¡pk LFkku gSA ;gk¡ ls ÅVh osQ vklikl osQ {ks=k dk [kwclwjr u”kkjk ns[kus dks feyrk gSA ;g ÅVh ls 10 fdyksehVj nwj gSA

7

45

(?k) eqnqeykbZ oU; izk.kh fogkj esa gkFkh] cM+h fxygfj;k¡] lkaHkj] phry] HkkSadusokys fgj.k vkSj mM+usokyh fxygfj;k¡] jax&fcjaxs rksrs] dkys dBiQksM+os] x#M+ vkfn i'kq&i{kh ik, tkrs gSaA

(Ä) lqfo/kuqlkj jsyekxZ ;k gokbZ ekxZ ls ;k=kk dj ÅVh igq¡pk tk ldrk gSA ;gk¡ cM+h ykbu dk izeq[k jsy taD'ku dks;acVwj gS] tks lHkh cM+s uxjksa ls feyk gqvk gSA lcls u”knhdh gokbZ vM~Mk dks;acVwj gSA

(p) ioZrh; LFkyksa dk izkÑfrd lkSan;Z lcdks vfHkHkwr dj nsrk gSA gesa pkfg, fd bldh lqanjrk cuh jgs rks gesa bUgsa lkI+kQ&lqFkjk j[kuk gksxkA ge xanxh u iSQyk,¡ rFkk pV~Vkuksa ij u fy[ksaA (fon~;kFkhZ vius fopkj Hkh fy[k ldrs gSaA)

(N) fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA

O;kdj.k dh ckr

1- (d) xjeh esa lk¡;&lk¡; djrh xje gok osQ FkisM+ksa ls lHkh ijs'kku gks x,A

([k) lM+d osQ nksuksa vksj gjs&Hkjs [ksr ns[kdj eu [kq'kh ls >we mBkA

(x) ekuo thou osQ fy, isM+&ikS/s cgqr egRRoiw.kZ gSa blfy, lHkh dks mudk è;ku j[kuk pkfg,A

(?k) gj o"kZ lSdM+ksa&g”kkjksa yksx rhFkZ&;k=kk osQ fy, tkrs gSaA

(Ä) fpfM+;k?kj esa vusd izdkj osQ tho&tarq ns[kdj cPps izlUu gks x,A

(p) fdLe&fdLe dh feBkb;k¡ ns[kdj eq¡g esa ikuh vk x;kA

2- izns'k] xjeh] izdksi] ioZrh;] ueh] izÑfr] lqjE;] lqanjrk] 'kkldh;] iztkfr;k¡] foHkkx] nqyZHk] vfHkUu

3- (d) ikuh ([k) Me: (x) unh (?k) ?kM+h (M) jsy (p) fny

4- (d) Hkfo";r~ dky ([k) orZeku dky (x) Hkwrdky (?k) Hkfo";r~ dky (Ä) orZeku dky

O;fDrRo fu[kkj

1- fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaxsA

2- Å¡ps&Å¡ps igkM+ksa ls fxjrs tyizikr euq"; dks izsfjr djrs gSaA cw¡n&cw¡n bdV~Bh gksdj pV~Vkuksa ij izgkj djrh gSA ,d fnu pV~Vkuksa dks iQksM+ >jus dk :i ys ysrh gSaA la?k"kZ djus ls liQyrk feyrh gSA cgrs gq, >jus xfr'khyrk dk lans'k Hkh nsrs gSaA




46

2- ioZr&izns'k esa ikol ikol ½rq Fkh ioZr izns'k iy&iy ifjofrZr izÑfr&os'kA es[kykdkj ioZr vikj vius lglz n`x&lqeu iQkM+ voyksd jgk gS ckj&ckj uhps ty esa fut egkdkj] ftlosQ pj.kksa esa iyk rky niZ.k&lk iSQyk gS fo'kky! fxfj dk xkSjo xkdj >j&>j en esa ul&ul mRrsftr dj eksrh dh yfM+;ksa&ls lqanj >jrs gSa >kx Hkjs fu>Zj! fxfjoj osQ mj ls mB&mBdj mPpkdka{kkvksa ls r#oj gSa >k¡d jgs uhjo uHk ij vfues"k] vVy] oqQN fparkijA mM+ x;k] vpkud yks] Hkw/j iQM+dk vikj ikjn osQ ijA jo&'ks"k jg x, gSa fu>Zj! gS VwV iM+k Hkw ij vacj! /¡l x, /jk esa lHk; 'kkyA mB jgk /qvk¡] ty x;k rkyA ;ksa tyn&;ku esa fopj&fopj Fkk banz [ksyrk banztkyA ('ks"k dk;Z fon~;kFkhZ djsaxsA)

47

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) igkM+h {ks=k lcdks D;ksa vkdf"kZr djrs gSa\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(x) nksnkcsV~Vk f'k[kj dk D;k egRRo gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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2- milxZ] ewy'kCn vkSj izR;; vyx&vyx dj fyf[k,µ 1 & 6 ¾ 6

milxZ ewy'kCn izR;;

izdksi ---------------------- ---------------------- ----------------------

ioZrh; ---------------------- ---------------------- ----------------------

izÑfr ---------------------- ---------------------- ----------------------

lqjE; ---------------------- ---------------------- ----------------------

lqanjrk ---------------------- ---------------------- ----------------------

'kkldh; ---------------------- ---------------------- ----------------------

3- o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) ioZrh; µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) eq[;ky; µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) lkbizl µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) n`'; µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) iztkfr;k¡ µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

48

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa js[kkafdr in laKk dk dkSu&lk Hksn gS\µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5 (d) dYykj esa xje ekSle feykA -----------------------------------

([k) ;g ÅVh ls osQoy 10 fdyksehVj nwj gSA -----------------------------------

(x) buesa o`{kksa dh g”kkjksa iztkfr;k¡ gSaA -----------------------------------

(?k) jaxkLokeh f'k[kj dh lqanjrk dk vkuan ys ldrs gSaµ -----------------------------------

(Ä) eqacbZ ls dks;acVwj osQ fy, lh/h mM+ku Hkj ldrs gSaA -----------------------------------

2- jpuk osQ vk/kj ij okD;&Hksn fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5 (d) esRrwiy;e cM+h ykbu dk jsyos LVs'ku gSA -----------------------------------

([k) eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd rqEgsa Hkh bldh tkudkjh nw¡A -----------------------------------

(x) dYykj esa xje ekSle feyk rFkk mlls vkxs xjeh de gksrh pyh xbZA

-----------------------------------

(?k) ;g f”kys dk lcls Å¡pk LFkku gS tgk¡ ls ÅVh osQ vklikl osQ {ks=k dk [kwclwjr u”kkjk ns[kus dks feykA

-----------------------------------

(Ä) ;gk¡ dk ekSle vU; ioZr LFkyksa ls dgha vf/d [kq'kuqek jgrk gSA

-----------------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"k.kksa osQ fy, ikB esa ls fo'ks"; pqudj fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5 (d) xje ------------------------------- ([k) ioZrh; -------------------------------

(x) uhyk ------------------------------- (?k) uhyh -------------------------------

(Ä) Å¡pk ------------------------------- (p) jax&fcjaxs -------------------------------

(N) nks djksM+ ------------------------------- (t) HkkSadusokys -------------------------------

(>) mM+usokyh ------------------------------- (×k) dkys -------------------------------

49

dk;Z&if=kdkµ3




1- ioZrh; LFkyksa ij jgus okys yksxksa dks fdu&fdu dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS\ fyf[k,A 5

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2- fdlh Hkh ioZrh; LFky osQ ckjs esa tkudkjh izkIr dj foKkiu cukb,A 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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50

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1 1- (d) igkM+h {ks=k pkgs cI+kZQ ls <osaQ gksa ;k gjs Hkjs gksa] viuh Å¡pkbZ rFkk lkSan;Z ls lcdks vkdf"kZr

djrs gSaA ([k) nksnkcsV~Vk f'k[kj 2623 ehVj dh Å¡pkbZ ij gSA ;g f”kys dk lcls Å¡pk LFkku gSA ;gk¡ ls

ÅVh osQ vkl&ikl osQ {ks=k dk [kwclwjr u”kkjk ns[kus dks feyrk gSA 2- milxZ ewy'kCn izR;; iz dksi µ µ ioZr bZ; iz Ñfr µ lq jE; µ µ lqanj rk µ 'kkld bZ; 3- (d) i~ $ v $ j~ $ o~ $ v $ r~ $ bZ $ ;~ $ v ([k) e~ $ m $ [k~ $ ;~ $ vk $ y~ $ v $ ;~ $ v (x) l~ $ vk $ b $ i~ $ j~ $ v $ l~ $ v (?k) n~ $ ½ $ 'k~ $ ;~ $ v (Ä) i~ $ j~ $ v $ t~ $ vk $ r~ $ b $ ;~ $ vk $ µ¡

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) O;fDrokpd laKk ([k) O;fDrokpd laKk

(x) tkfrokpd laKk (?k) Hkkookpd laKk

(Ä) Hkkookpd laKk

2- (d) ljy okD; ([k) feJ okD; (x) la;qDr okD;

(?k) feJ okD; (Ä) ljy okD;

3- (d) izns'k ([k) LFky (x) igkM+ (?k) xksan

(Ä) LFkku (p) rksrs (N) o"kZ (t) fgj.k

(>) fxygfj;k¡ (×k) dBiQksM+os

51

8 cPpk gkbZLowQy esa

lkjka'k

izLrqr O;aX; dFkk esa cPpksa dh f'k{kk osQ izfr ekrk&firk dh fpark dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA ;g lgh gS fd orZeku le; esa izfrLi/kZ dk nkSj py jgk gS] ysfdu ekrk&firk dk bruk mrkoykiu vPNk ughaA gkbZLowQy esa i<+us okys cPps dk thou ,d dBiqryh cudj jg x;k gSA ekrk&firk pkgrs gSa fd lkjk le; cPpk i<+rk gh jgsA ekrk&firk mls le;&rkfydk cukdj nsrs gSaA ek¡ gj le; cPps ij fuxjkuh j[krh gSaA ek¡ cPps dks ftl dke dks djus osQ fy, dgrh gSa] mlosQ foijhr firk mls nwljk vkns'k ns nsrs gSaaA cPpk oqQN le> ugha ikrk fd og D;k djsa] D;k u djsaA var esa ys[kd dk ;g dguk mfpr yxrk gS fd cPpk ;g lksprk gksxk fd mlosQ ekrk&firk vui<+ gksrs rks vPNk gksrkA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrjekSf[kd (d) ys[kd us iM+kslh fe=k ls iwNk fd vktdy os fn[kkbZ ugha nsrsA ?kj Hkh can gh jgrk gSA lc

Bhd&Bkd gSA ([k) iM+kslh dh iRuh us dgk fd mudk cPpk gkbZLowQy esa gSA muosQ psgjs ij xoZ rFkk cPps osQ gkbZ

LowQy esa gksus dk cks> >yd jgk FkkA (x) vuq'kklu ioZ ls rkRi;Z gS gj dk;Z dks fu;eksa esa jgdj djukA ;g ioZ mu ?kjksa ls py jgk Fkk

ftuosQ cPps gkbZLowQy esa gSA cPpk i<+us esa O;Lr gSA ekrk&firk mls i<+kus osQ fy, lHkh fu;e cukrs gSaA

(?k) fe=k osQ ?kj 'kksjxqy epk gqvk Fkk] D;ksafd mudk csVk jkr osQ nks cts vk¡[k can fd, [kqys eq¡g mcklh ysrs idM+k x;k FkkA

(Ä) ekrk&firk dh fojks/h ckrksa dk cPpksa ij cqjk izHkko iM+rk gSA os nqfo/kxzLr gks tkrs gSaA mUgsa le> ugha vkrk fd ek¡ dh ckr ekus ;k firk dhA

fyf[kr 1- (d) (iii) cks> rFkk xoZ ([k) (iv) jsyxkfM+;k¡ (x) (ii) vk¡[ksa can dj mcklh yh (?k) (ii) cM+h&cM+h pqukSfr;k¡ 2- (d) ys[kd dks iM+ksl esa jgus okys fe=k dh fpark gqbZ] D;ksafd muosQ fe=k cgqr fnuksa ls fn[kkbZ

ugha fn, FksA ?kj Hkh can jgrk Fkk rFkk dksbZ pgy&igy ugha fn[krh FkhA vkok”k rd ckgj ugha vkrh FkhA

52

([k) ftuosQ cPps gkbZLowQy esa i<+rs gSa] muosQ psgjksa ij Hk; gS] D;ksafd gj ekrk&firk vius cPpksa dks MkWDVj] bathfu;j vkfn cukuk pkgrs gSa vkSj blosQ fy, cPpksa osQ vf/d vad vkus cgqr ”k:jh gSaA

(x) jkr osQ nks cts cPpk vk¡[k can dj mcklh ys jgk FkkA ek¡ dh uhan [kqy xbZA mUgksaus ns[k fy;k fd cPpk i<+us dh ctk; lks jgk gS] blfy, cPps osQ ekrk&firk mls Mk¡V jgs FksA

(?k) ys[kd dks cPps osQ ekrk&firk i=kdkj yxus yxsA tSls i=kdkj [kkst esa jgrk gS fd dksbZ jkspd ?kVuk gks vkSj og lcls igys mldh [kcj nsA mlh izdkj ekrk&firk Hkh cPps ij dM+h fuxjkuh j[krs gSaA

(Ä) esjs fopkj ls cPpksa ij ekrk&firk dk bruk ncko vPNk ugha gSA cPps Hkh le>nkj gksrs gSaA mUgsa Hkh viuh i<+kbZ dh fpark gksrh gSA ekrk&firk osQ vf/d ncko ls cPpk f”kn~nh Hkh gks tkrk gSA mldh i<+us esa #fp de gks tkrh gSA

(fon~;kFkhZ vU; roZQ Hkh ns ldrs gSaA)

(p) cPpksa dks viuh le;&rkfydk cukdj fu;fer :i ls i<+kbZ djuh pkfg,A ekrk&firk dks vius cPpksa ij iw.kZ fo'okl gksuk pkfg,A os cPpksa dks lq>ko nsa] vius fopkj mu ij Fkksis ughaA (fon~;kFkhZ viuk vU; lq>ko Hkh ns ldrs gSaA)

O;kdj.k dh ckr 1- (d) O;fDrokpd laKk µ egkHkkjr] vtqZu] Ñ".k

([k) tkfrokpd laKk µ fe=k] cPpk] jsyxkM+h

(x) Hkkookpd laKk µ xoZ] nqfo/k] i<+kbZ

2- (d) loZuke ([k) lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k

(x) lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k (?k) lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k

(Ä) loZuke] lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k (p) lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k

3- (d) pgy vkSj igy ([k) Åij vkSj uhps

(x) ekrk vkSj firk (?k) es”k vkSj oqQjlh

(Ä) i<s+ vkSj fy[ks (p) lq[k vkSj nq[k

(N) nky vkSj pkoy (t) vkuk vkSj tkuk

4- (d) iqfYyax µ eq¡g] v[kckj] ny] xoZ] psgjk

([k) L=khfyax µ uhan] lk¡l] pqukSrh] fuxkg] vkWDlhtu

53

O;fDrRo fu[kkj 1- fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA

2- orZeku le; esa izfrLi/kZ dh nkSM+ esa vius vkidks fot;h cukus osQ fy, lcls igys vius eu dks n`<+ djsaxsA eu etcwr gksxk] rHkh lgh fu.kZ; ys losaQxsA [kwc ifjJe djsaxsA viuk lHkh dke le; ij iwjk djsaxsA dksbZ ,slk dk;Z ugha djsaxs] ftlls dHkh 'kfe±nk gksuk iMs+A

(fon~;kFkhZ vius lq>ko Hkh ns ldrs gSaA)

vkvks pysa iBu ls nwj 1- fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA

2- osQ'ko µ c/kbZ gks f'kokax! bl ckj Hkh rqe d{kk esa izFke vk,A

f'kokax µ 'kqfØ;k esjs nksLr] ;g dksbZ eqf'dy dke ughaA

osQ'ko µ ugha] ;g lp ughaA eSa Hkh fdruk i<+rk gw¡ ij d{kk esa izFke rks D;k ik¡posa LFkku ij Hkh ugha vkrkA

f'kokax µ fujk'k er gksA rqe le; ij dke djksA tks Hkh d{kk esa i<+k;k tkrk gS] mlh fnu ?kj vkdj i<+ksA

osQ'ko µ ?kj esa rks le; gh ugha feyrkA pkj cts ls vkB&ukS cts rd rks V~;w'ku i<+us esa gh le; fudy tkrk gSA V~;w'ku dk dke djrs&djrs gh uhan vk tkrh gSA

f'kokax µ ;gh lcls cM+h deh gSA tc rd rqe Lo;a vè;;u ugha djksxs] rc rd vPNs vad ugha izkIr dj ldrsA

osQ'ko µ rqe Bhd dg jgs gksA eSa V~;w'ku u ysdj Lo;a vè;;u d:¡xkA

(fon~;kFkhZ viuh ilan osQ laokn Hkh fy[k ldrs gSaA)

54

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1



1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 3 = 6

(d) D;k gkbZLowQy dh i<+kbZ eqf'dy gS\

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([k) ys[kd us fo"k;ksa dh rqyuk fdlls dh gS vkSj D;ksa\

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(x) ekrk&firk gj le; cPps dks i<+us osQ fy, D;ksa dgrs gSa\

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2- ikB esa ls vaxzs”kh osQ 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,µ ½ & 10 ¾ 5

--------------------- --------------------- --------------------- ---------------------

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--------------------- ---------------------

3- foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 × 4 = 4

(d) lq[k µ --------------------------- ([k) Åij µ ---------------------------

(x) i{k µ --------------------------- (?k) cSBuk µ ---------------------------

55

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- ikB esa ls uqDrk okys Ng 'kCn <w<¡dj fyf[k,µ ½ & 6 ¾ 3

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2- fuEufyf[kr v'kqn~/ okD;ksa dks 'kqn~/ djosQ fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 = 5

(d) ckgj rd ugha vkok”k vkrhA

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([k) gekjs tkuusokyksa osQ reke cPps gkbZLowQy esa gSaA

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(x) muosQ vuq'kklu ?kjksa esa ioZ py jgk gSA

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(?k) gesa yxk fd i=kdkj ek¡&cki cu x, gSaA

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(Ä) 'kksjxqy ugha gksrk jkr dksA

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3- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa js[kkafdr inksa osQ dkjd crkb,µ 1 × 7 = 7

(d) geus iM+ksl osQ ,d fe=k ls iwNkµD;k ckr gS\ -----------------------------

([k) fe=k us tokc nsus osQ fy, yach lk¡l ysdj <sj lkjh

vkWDlh”ku [khaphA -----------------------------

(x) muosQ psgjksa ij gkbZLowQy dk Hk; gSA -----------------------------

(?k) muosQ ?kjksa esa vuq'kklu ioZ py jgk gSA -----------------------------

(Ä) f[kM+dh ls >k¡ddj ns[kk rks ?kj esa dksgjke epk gqvk FkkA -----------------------------

(p) gesa yxk fd cPpksa osQ ek¡&cki Hkh i=kdkj cu x, gSaA -----------------------------

(N) csVk jks”k v[kckj i<+k djksA -----------------------------

56

dk;Z&if=kdkµ3




1- vki cMs+ gksdj D;k cuuk pkgrs gSa\ mlosQ fy, vki D;k&D;k iz;kl dj jgs gSa\ 5

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2- D;k vkiosQ ekrk&firk Hkh gj le; vkidks i<+us osQ fy, dgrs jgrs gSa\ vki vius ekrk&firk dh ik¡p fo'ks"krk,¡ fyf[k,A 5

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57

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1 1- (d) ugha] gkbZLowQy dh i<+kbZ eqf'dy ugha gSA ;fn gj jks”k LowQy esa i<+k, x, ikBksa dks nksgjk

fy;k tk, rFkk lHkh dk;Z le;&rkfydk cukdj fd, tk, rks i<+kbZ eqf'dy ugha gSA

([k) ys[kd us fo"k;ksa dh rqyuk jsyxkfM+;k¡ ls dh gSA tSls jsyxkfM+;k¡ fuf'pr le; ij IysViQkWeZ

ij vkrh gSa] oSls gh lHkh fo"k;ksa dk le; fuf'pr fd;k tkrk gSA cPps mUgha fo"k;ksa dks

i<+rs gSaA

(x) ekrk&firk vius cPpksa ls 'kr&izfr'kr vad izkIr djus dh bPNk j[krs gSa] D;ksafd orZeku

le; esa vPNs vad izkIr djosQ Hkh cPpksa dks vPNs dkWyst esa nkf[kyk ugha feyrkA

2- vkWDlhtu] gkbZLowQy] IysViQkWeZ] ,X”kke] Vkbe&Vscy] pSuy] uksV~l] dkslZcqd] oaQI;wVj] fLVax] uacj

3- (d) nq[k ([k) uhps (x) foi{k (?k) mBuk

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- vkok”k] IysViQkWeZ] ,X”kke] jk”k] f”kanxh] f”kEesnkj

2- (d) vkok”k rd ckgj ugha vkrhA

([k) gekjs reke tkuusokyksa osQ cPps gkbZLowQy esa gSaA

(x) muosQ ?kjksa esa vuq'kklu ioZ py jgk gSA

(?k) gesa yxk fd ek¡&cki i=kdkj cu x, gSaA

( Ä) jkr dks 'kksjxqy ugha gksrkA

3- (d) laca/ dkjd

([k) laiznku dkjd

(x) vf/dj.k dkjd

(?k) vf/dj.k dkjd

(Ä) dj.k dkjd

(p) drkZ dkjd

(N) laca/ dkjd

58

fj'or iaQM

lkjka'k

Hkz"Vkpkj ns'k vkSj lekt osQ fy, dyad gSA ys[kd us cw<s+ ckck vkSj NksVs cPpksa osQ ekè;e ls bls le>kus dk iz;Ru fd;k gSA gekjk 'kjhj ,d laqnj Hkou gS] nk¡r mlosQ ukSdj&pkdj gSa tks mls Lokfn"V O;atuksa dk Lokn p[kkrs gSa rFkk gekjh bafæ;k¡ lsfodk,¡ gSa] tks gekjh bPNkuqlkj dk;Z djrh gSaA ys[kd dk dFku gS fd usrkx.k gekjs n~okjk pquh xbZ ljdkj pykrs gSa] lks gekjs lsod gq,A ysfdu os pqus tkus osQ i'pkr~ turk dh leL;kvksa dk lek/ku u djosQ iSlk cukus yxrs gSaA fj'or[kksjksa dks 'kg nsrs gSa] blh dkj.k lekt vkSj ns'k mUufr ugha dj ikrkA ;g fj'or :ih nhed Hkhrj&gh&Hkhrj ns'k dh tM+ksa dks [kks[kyk djrh tkrh gSA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrjekSf[kd (d) cw<+s ckck us ?kqVuksa rd iQVh gqbZ /ksrh rFkk oqQrkZ iguk Fkk vkSj muosQ xys esa ekyk FkhA ([k) cw<+s ckck us cPpksa ls iSls (Hkh[k) ysus ls euk dj fn;kA (x) tokuh esa cw<s+ ckck dk 'kjhj LoLFk Fkk] os dksbZ Hkh dk;Z dj ldrs FksA blh dkj.k mUgksaus Lo;a

dks laiUu dgkA (?k) tc mUgksaus dgk fd muosQ eq¡g osQ cRrhl nk¡r muosQ ukSdj Fks] tks mUgsa Lokfn"V Hkkstu dk vkuan nsrs FksA (Ä) os ea=kh th ls feyus tk jgs FksA

fyf[kr 1- (d) (iv) 'kjhj :ih Hkou dk ([k) (iii) cRrhl ukSdjksa okyk (x) (ii) muosQ nk¡r VwV pqosQ Fks (?k) (ii) rqe cqn~f/eku gksA (Ä) (iii) ik¡p bafæ;k¡ 2- (d) cPpksa us cw<s+ ckck dks fHk[kkjh le>k] D;ksafd mUgksaus iQVs&iqjkus eSys diM+s igu j[ks FksA ([k) cw<s+ ckck osQ ikl tokuh esa LoLFk 'kjhj] cRrhl nk¡r tks ukSdjksa dh rjg Fks] tks vkns'k feyrs

gh mudh lsok esa yx tkrs FksA ik¡p bafæ;k¡ Fkha] tks mudh bPNkuqlkj dk;Z djrh FkhaA (x) ftlosQ ikl 'kjhj osQ :i esa ,d Hkou] nk¡rksa osQ :i esa cRrhl ukSdj vkSj bafæ;ksa osQ :i

esa ik¡p lsfodk,¡ gksa] og nfjæ ugha gksrkA (?k) nfjnzrk dh gkyr esa cw<+s ckck lekt&dY;k.k foHkkx osQ ea=kh osQ ikl tk jgs FksA os ea=kh ls

vius foHkkx esa ^fj'or iaQM* LFkkfir djokus dh ek¡x ysdj tk jgs FksA

9

59

(Ä) ugha] cw<+s ckck ea=kh th ls eqykdkr djus esa liQy ugha gq,A tc cw<+s ckck vkSj ckyd Mkd c¡xys igq¡ps rks ea=kh th Hkhrj ls ckgj vk, vkSj ckgj [kMs+ yksxksa dk vfHkoknu Lohdkj dj pys x,A

(p) ljdkjh vf/dkjh osQ ikl vius dk;Z djus osQ vf/dkj gksrs gSa] ftldk os nq#i;ksx dj fj'or ek¡xrs gSaA bldk ,d dkj.k ns'k esa iSQys Hkz"V ra=k esa cus jgus dh etcwjh Hkh gksrh gSA bZekunkj vf/dkfj;ksa dks vdlj vusd eqf'dyksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA

(fon~;kFkhZ vius fopkj Hkh fy[k ldrs gSaA) (N) ;fn gekjs lkeus dksbZ fj'or ek¡xs rks ge mldk fojks/ djsaxsA mlosQ cM+s vf/dkjh ls

mldh f'kdk;r djsaxsA (fon~;kFkhZ vius fopkj Hkh fy[k ldrs gSaA)

O;kdj.k dh ckr 1- (d) jru VkVk vkSj eksguyky osQ O;kikj esa vR;f/d varj gS_ cfYd ;g dguk mfpr gksxk

fd dgk¡ jktk Hkkst vkSj dgk¡ xaxw rsyhA ([k) iaú usg: pk¡nh dh pEep gh eq¡g esa ysdj iSnk gq, Fks] D;ksafd muosQ firk eksrhyky usg:

vius le; osQ izfln~/ odhy FksA (x) /zqo vkt Hkh vius [kq'kgky fnuksa dh Mhaxsa gk¡drk gS tcfd lHkh tkurs gSa fd vktdy

mldh vkfFkZd fLFkfr oSQlh gSA blosQ fy, gh dgk tkrk gS cnu is ugha yRrk] 'kku fn[kkos vycRrkA

(?k) gsear us fiNys eghus lLrs esa iqjkuh xkMh [kjhn yhA vc og jks”k&jks”k [kjkc gks tkrh gS] rHkh mlosQ fe=k us dgk ftruk xqM+ Mkyksxs] mruk ehBk ikvksxsA

2- (d) lt $ bZyk ([k) 'kfDr $ 'kkyh (x) [kaM $ br (?k) nfjæ $ rk (Ä) [kq'kcw $ nkj (p) cw<+k $ vkik 3- (d) D;ksa ckck] lqcg&lqcg dgk¡ tk jgs gks\ ([k) vxj rqe lPps gks ckck] rks bldk lcwr nksA (x) ckck us dgk] ¶eSa ea=kh osQ ikl tk jgk gw¡A¸ (?k) ;s lsfodk,¡ gSaµvk¡[k] ukd] dku] thHk vkfnA (Ä) /hjs&/hjs VwVus yxsA vyx gks x,A 4- (d) deZ eeZ niZ.k /eZ vk'khokZn ([k) nfjæ Hkze Øe lfØ; vxz (x) f=k'kwy ra=k ea=k ;a=k i=k (?k) izse fiz;adk izsj.kk izdkj iznhi

O;fDrRo fu[kkj fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA

vkvksa pysa iBu ls nwj fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA

60

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1



1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 = 5 (d) cw<s+ ckck fdl le; ykBh Vsdrs gq, tk jgs Fks\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) rhljs ckyd us ckck ls O;aX; ls D;k dgk\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) cw<+s ckck fdu cRrhl ukSdjksa dh ckr dj jgs Fks\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) cw<s+ us vius 'kjhj osQ fy, fdu fo'ks"k.kksa dk iz;ksx fd;k gS\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) cw<s+ ckck us fdu lsfodkvksa osQ ikl esa gksus dh ckr dh gS\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- mfpr 'kCn ls fjDr LFkku Hkfj,µ 1 × 5 = 5

(d) cPps pkjksa ---------------------- ls cw<s+ dks ?ksj ysrs gSaA (vksj] vkSj) ([k) eSa nqfu;k dk ---------------------- vkneh FkkA (iQVsgky] [kq'kgky) (x) esjk 'kjhj 'kkunkj ---------------------- FkkA (Hkou] iou) (?k) ik¡p lsfodk,¡ vc ---------------------- gks xb±A (lcy] nqcZy) (Ä) lc cPps cw<s+ dh ---------------------- esa rkfy;k¡ ctkrs gSaA (fuank] iz'kalk)

3- lekukFkhZ fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 = 5

(d) diM+k µ --------------------------- ([k) csVk µ ---------------------------

(x) ukSdj µ --------------------------- (?k) jktk µ ---------------------------

(Ä) 'kjhj µ ---------------------------

61

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- fuEufyf[kr okD; fdlus dgk\ fdlls dgk\ 1 × 5 = 5

(d) D;ksa ckck! lqcg&gh&lqcg dgk¡ tk jgs gks] ----------------------------- -----------------------------

ykBh Vsdrs gq,\

([k) eSa Hkh[k ugha ek¡xrk gw¡A ----------------------------- -----------------------------

(x) pk¡nh dh pEep eq¡g esa ysdj iSnk gq, Fks ;sA ----------------------------- -----------------------------

(?k) vkSj diM+s Hkh iQV x,\ D;ksa ckck\ ----------------------------- -----------------------------

(Ä) ea=kh th rks x, ckck] tSls x/s osQ flj ----------------------------- -----------------------------

ls lhax

2- fo'ks"k.k o fo'ks"; dk feyku dhft,µ 1 × 5 = 5

(d) Lokfn"V (i) Hkou

([k) ttZj (ii) flDdk

(x) 'kkunkj (iii) vkneh

(?k) [kksVk (iv) 'kjhj

(Ä) [kq'kgky (v) Hkkstu

3- L=khfyax :i fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 = 5

(d) ckn'kkg µ --------------------- ([k) lsod µ ---------------------

(x) vkneh µ --------------------- (?k) ckyd µ ---------------------

(Ä) cqn~f/eku µ ---------------------

62

dk;Z&if=kdkµ3




1- ?kj esa nknk&nknh osQ lkFk vki fdruk le; fcrkrs gSa\ muls ckrsa djosQ muosQ lkFk jgdj vkidks oSQlk yxrk gS\ 5

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2- ^Hkz"Vkpkj gekjs lekt dk lcls cM+k dyad gSA* d{kk esa fopkj&foe'kZ djosQ fyf[k,A 5

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63

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

1- (d) cw<+s ckck lqcg&gh&lqcg ykBh Vsdrs gq, tk jgs FksA

([k) fHk[kkjh ugha rks D;k ckn'kkg gksA rqe rks ,sls cu jgs gks tSls lpeqp jbZl jgs gks dHkhA

(x) euq"; osQ eq¡g esa 32 nk¡r gksrs gSa tks gekjh bPNkuqlkj Lokfn"V oLrqvksa dk lsou djrs gSaA

cw<+k bUgha cRrhl ukSdjksa dh ckr dj jgk FkkA

(?k) cw<+s us vius 'kjhj osQ fy, chekj] nqcyk] 'kkunkj] lthyk vkfn fo'ks"k.kksa dk iz;ksx

fd;k gSA

(Ä) cw<+s ckck us bafæ;ksa osQ :i esa vk¡[k] dku] ukd] thHk vkfn lsfodkvksa osQ ikl gksus dh

ckr dh gSA

2- (d) vksj ([k) [kq'kgky (x) Hkou (?k) nqcZy (Ä) iz'kalk

3- (d) oL=k ([k) iq=k (x) nkl (?k) u`i (Ä) dk;k

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- (d) ,d ckyd us cw<+s ckck ls

([k) cw<+s ckck us nwljs ckyd ls

(x) pkSFks ckyd us lHkh cPpksa ls

(?k) rhljs ckyd us cw<+s ckck ls

(Ä) ,d ckyd us lHkh cPpksa ls

2- (d) (v) ([k) (iv) (x) (i) (?k) (ii) (Ä) (iii)

3- (d) csxe ([k) lsfodk (x) vkSjr (?k) ckfydk (Ä) cqn~f/erh

64

lksuk

lkjka'k

fgj.k taxy osQ [kqys okrkoj.k esa iyus okyk i'kq gSA ysf[kdk dh ,d fe=k tc ejus dh voLFkk rd igq¡ps vukFk 'kkod dks muosQ ikl ysdj vkbZ rks os mls euk gh u dj ikbZA nw/ dh cksry ls mls nw/ fiyk;k x;kA mldk uke lksuk j[kk x;kA FkksM+h cM+h gksus ij lksuk HkfDru dks cksry lkI+kQ djrs ns[k mls pfdr vk¡[kksa ls ns[kus yxrhA ysf[kdk osQ fon~;ky; esa Nk=kkokl esa cfPp;ksa osQ lkFk [ksyuk] muosQ Åij ls owQn tkuk mls vPNk yxrk FkkA irk ugha og ysf[kdk osQ Hkkstu osQ le; dks fdl vutkuh 'kfDr ls tku ysrh FkhA og Hkkstu djrs le; ysf[kdk osQ lkFk lVdj [kM+h jgrhA dHkh ysf[kdk dh lkM+h dk iYyw] rks dHkh pksVh pck Mkyrh] Mk¡Vus ij pfdr vk¡[kksa ls ns[kus yxrhA Mk¡Vus ij lksuk pfdr vk¡[kksa ls ns[kus yxrh] D;ksafd mls I;kj vkSj xqLls esa varj djuk ugha vkrk FkkA Ýyksjk us cPpksa dks tUe fn;k rks lksuk mUgsa gSjkuh ls ns[krhA Ýyksjk vius cPpksa dks lksuk osQ ikl NksM+ fuf'par gks tkrhA mu fnuksa ysf[kdk us cæhukFk tkus dk dk;ZØe cuk;kA Ýyksjk dks lkFk ys xbZA yxHkx nks ekl ckn okfil ykSVus ij lHkh tkuoj ysf[kdk osQ bnZ&fxnZ ?kwe jgs Fks flok; lksuk osQA iwNus ij irk pyk fd mls jLlh ls ck¡/dj j[kk tkrk FkkA ,d fnu ca/u&lhek Hkwydj og bruk m¡Qpk mNyh fd eq¡g osQ cy /jrh ij fxjdj mlus vkf[kjh lk¡l yhA bl rjg lksuk dh d#.k dFkk dk var gks x;kA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd (d) ysf[kdk dks ,d fgj.k dks ikyus gsrq muosQ ifjfpr LoxhZ; MkWú /hjsaæukFk olq dh ikS=kh dk i=k

vk;k FkkA ([k) ysf[kdk dks i=k LoxhZ; MkWú /hjsaæukFk olq dh ikS=kh us fy[kk FkkA (x) ysf[kdk ;g ugha le> ikrh Fkh] tc e`R;q bruh vifo=k vkSj vlqanj gS] rc mls ck¡Vrs ?kweuk

D;ksa vifo=k vkSj vlqanj dk;Z ugha gSA (?k) lksuk dks fcLoqQV [kkuk ilan FkkA (Ä) lksuk jLlh ls c¡/h FkhA ca/u&lhek Hkwydj og cgqr m¡QpkbZ rd mNyh vkSj jLlh osQ dkj.k

eq[k osQ cy /jrh ij vk fxjhA blh dkj.k mldh e`R;q gqbZA

fyf[kr

1- (d) (iii) os dHkh fgju ugha ikysaxh ([k) (iv) fgju (x) (iv) d#.kk dk (?k) (iv) i'kq vkSj i{kh txr esa euq"; dh èoalyhyk ns[kdjA

10

65

2- (d) ysf[kdk us lksuk dh e`R;q ij iz.k fd;k Fkk fd fgju ugha ikysaxh] ij vc lqfLerk osQ i=k dks i<+dj mUgsa yxk fd bl fu;e dks Hkax fd, fcuk bl dksey&izk.k tho dh j{kk laHko ugha] blfy, mUgksaus viuk fu'p; cnykA

([k) lqugjs jax osQ js'keh yPNksa dh xk¡B osQ leku dksey lksuk dk y?kq 'kjhj FkkA NksVk&lk eq¡g vkSj cM+h&cM+h ikuhnkj vk¡[ksaA yacs dku] iryh lqMkSy Vk¡xsaA mlosQ :i&lkSan;Z ls lHkh izHkkfor gq,A

(x) lqcg&lqcg nw/ ihdj vkSj Hkhxs pus [kkdj oqQN nsj oaQikamM esa pkSdM+h HkjrhA fiQj Nk=kkokl igq¡pdj izR;sd dejs dk fujh{k.k djrhA esl tkdj lHkh ls oqQN&u&oqQN [kkrhA eSnku esa tkdj gjh nwc pjrhA dHkh nwc ij yksVrhA ysf[kdk osQ Hkkstu osQ le; muls lVdj [kM+h jgrhA ?kaVh ctrs gh fiQj izkFkZuk osQ eSnku esa igq¡p tkrhA

(?k) NksVs cPpksa osQ lkFk [ksyus dk vf/d vodk'k jgrk FkkA iafDrcn~/ cPps lksuk&lksuk iqdkjrs rks ;g muosQ Åij ls owQnrh jgrhA ;g [ksy ?kaVksa pyrk] D;ksafd ,d d{kk osQ i'pkr~ nwljh d{kk osQ cPps ogk¡ vk tkrsA

(Ä) oqQRrk Lusg ls cqykus ij xn~xn gksdj fudV vkrk gS rFkk Øks/ djrs gh Hk;Hkhr gksdj Hkkx tkrk gS] tcfd fgju Øks/ djus okys dks viuh pfdr vk¡[kksa esa vkSj foLe; Hkjdj] n`f"V ls n`f"V feykdj [kM+k jgsxkA og osQoy Lusg igpkurk gSA

(p) dksbZ ?kk;y i'kq&i{kh feyus ij ge mldh ns[kHkky djsaxsA mls i'kq&if{k;ksa osQ MkWDVj osQ ikl ys tk,¡xsA mlosQ [kkus&ihus dk è;ku j[ksaxsA mls lqjf{kr txg ij j[ksaxsA

(fon~;kFkhZ vius fopkj Hkh fy[k ldrs gSaA) (N) ”;knk ls ”;knk yksx i'kq&if{k;ksa ls I;kj djsa] blosQ fy, i'kq&if{k;ksa ls feyus okys ykHkksa

rFkk izÑfr osQ larqyu esa mudh Hkwfedk dh tkudkjh djkuk vko';d gSA volj feyus ij i'kq&if{k;ksa osQ lkFk le; fcrkus ij Hkh muosQ izfr izse c<+uk LokHkkfod gSA


O;kdj.k dh ckr 1- (d) rd] Hkh ([k) rks (x) gh (?k) gh] Hkh (Ä) Hkh] gh (p) rd 2- (d) feJ ([k) feJ (x) ljy (?k) la;qDr (Ä) feJ (p) ljy 3- (d) xzh"ekodk'k ([k) i;kZoj.k (x) U;k;ky; (?k) okrkZyki (Ä) lw;ksZn; (p) vR;kpkj (N) okf"kZdksRlo (t) ijk/hu 4- (d) Le`fr;k¡ ([k) <sys (x) vkgVsa (?k) d{kk,¡ (Ä) fLFkfr;k¡ (p) oaQ/s

O;fDrRo fu[kkj 1- fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA 2- fon~;kFkhZ d{kk esa ppkZ djsaxsA

vkvksa pysa iBu ls nwj fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA

66

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1



1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5 (d) ^D;k Ñik djosQ vki bls Lohdkj djsaxh\* ;s 'kCn fdlus dgs vkSj fdlls dgs\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) euq"; e`R;q dks fdl :i esa ns[krk gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) ysf[kdk us fgju dh vk¡[kksa osQ fy, fdu 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fd;k gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) lksuk ekuo dh fdl fu"Bqjrk osQ dkj.k ekuo lekt esa vk iM+h Fkh\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) lksuk dks NksVs cPps vf/d vPNs D;ksa yxrs Fks\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- ,d 'kCn cukb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5 (d) e`R;q osQ fudV dh voLFkk µ -----------------------

([k) ftldh bPNk u dh xbZ gks µ -----------------------

(x) lcls I;kjk µ -----------------------

(?k) Li'kZ osQ ;ksX; u gksuk µ -----------------------

(Ä) jDr ls Hkhxk gqvk µ -----------------------

3- orZuh 'kqn~/ djosQ iqu% fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5 (d) banj/uw"kh µ ----------------------- ([k) viohrj µ -----------------------

(x) 'kjs"Bre µ ----------------------- (?k) ij'kkar µ -----------------------

(Ä) vlifj'; µ -----------------------

67

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- o.kks± dks feykdj 'kCn cukb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) e~ $ Í $ r~ $ ;~ $ m ¾ -----------------------

([k) i~ $ j~ $ v $ 'k~ $ vk $ u~ $ r~ $ v ¾ -----------------------

(x) v $ i~ $ v $ o~ $ b $ r~ $ j~ $ v ¾ -----------------------

(?k) e~ $ v $ u~ $ m $ "k~ $ ;~ $ v ¾ -----------------------

(Ä) l~ $ u~ $ , $ g~ $ v ¾ -----------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr fo'ks";ksa osQ vkxs mfpr fo'ks"k.k yxkb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";

(d) ----------------------- 'kjhj

([k) ----------------------- vk¡[ksa

(x) ----------------------- dku

(?k) ----------------------- Vk¡xsa

(Ä) ----------------------- eq¡g

3- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ls leqPp;cks/d ;k ;kstd 'kCn <w¡<+dj fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 = 5

(d) lksuk Hkh blh izdkj vpkud vkbZ Fkh] ijarq og rc rd viuh -----------------------------

'kS'kokLFkk Hkh ikj ugha dj ldh FkhA

([k) mlosQ vkReh;tu dk 'ko Hkh mlosQ fudV vifo=k] vLi`'; -----------------------------

rFkk Hk;tud gks mBrk gSA

(x) euq"; us canwd mBkbZ] fu'kkuk lk/k vkSj xksyh pyk nhA -----------------------------

(?k) irk ugha n;k osQ dkj.k ;k dkSrqdfiz;rk osQ dkj.k f'kdkjh -----------------------------

e`r fgjuh osQ lkFk fpiosQ gq, 'kkod dks thfor mBk yk,A

(Ä) mls NksVs cPps vf/d fiz; Fks] D;ksafd muosQ lkFk [ksyus dk -----------------------------

vf/d vodk'k jgrk FkkA

68

dk;Z&if=kdkµ3




1- tho&tarq izÑfr dh 'kksHkk c<+krs gSaA D;k mUgsa ekjuk mfpr gS\ vius fopkj fyf[k,A 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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2- ^xkSjS;k* NksVh fpfM+;k fnYyh ls lekIr gks xbZ gS] irk yxkb, dkj.k D;k gSa\ rRi'pkr~

vius lq>ko nhft,A 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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69

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1 1- (d) ;s 'kCn /hjsaæukFk olq dh ikS=kh lqfLerk us egknsoh oekZ dks i=k esa fy[kdj Hksts FksA

([k) euq"; e`R;q dks vlqanj] vifo=k o vLi`'; ekurk gSA

(x) ysf[kdk us fgju dh vk¡[kksa osQ fy, d#.kk dh izfrfyfi 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA

(?k) lksuk ekuo dh fu"Bqj euksjatufiz;rk osQ dkj.k ekuo lekt esa vk iM+h FkhA

(Ä) lksuk dks NksVs cPps vf/d vPNs yxrs Fks] D;ksafd NksVs cPpksa osQ lkFk [ksyus dk vodk'k

vf/d jgrk FkkA

2- (d) ej.kklUu voLFkk ([k) vokafNr

(x) fiz;re (?k) vLi`';

(Ä) jDrjaftr@jDrLukr

3- (d) baæ/uq"kh ([k) vifo=k (x) Js"Bre

(?k) iz'kkar (Ä) vLi`';

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) e`R;q ([k) iz'kkar (x) vifo=k

(?k) euq"; (Ä) Lusg

2- (d) y?kq ([k) ikuhnkj (x) yacs

(?k) lqMkSy (Ä) NksVk&lk

3- (d) ijarq ([k) rFkk (x) vkSj

(?k) ;k (Ä) D;ksafd

70

i;kZoj.kµoqQN iz'u

lkjka'k

gekjk i;kZoj.k euq"; dh xyfr;ksa osQ dkj.k gh nwf"kr gks jgk gSA i;kZoj.k fnol osQ uke ij isM+ yxk, tkrs gSa] iQksVks [khaps tkrs gSa] ckn esa mUgsa dksbZ ugha iwNrkA rqylh tSlk ikS/k] tks u osQoy vk¡xu dh 'kksHkk c<+krk gS] vfirq ok;q Hkh 'kqn~/ djrk gS] og Hkh fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA ufn;k¡ owQM+s&dpjs dk <sj cudj jg xbZ gSaA okguksa dk dkyk /qvk¡ lk¡l osQ jksxksa dks U;ksrk ns jgk gSA eafnj esa iwtk Hkh djrs gSa rks ykmMLihdj ”kksj&”kksj ls ctkrs gSa] tks èofu iznw"k.k dk dkj.k curk gSA ?kjksa osQ vk¡xu esa uhe dk isM+ Nk;k nsus osQ lkFk ok;q LoPN djus dk lk/u Hkh FkkA dfo lksp esa gS fd vkus okyh ihf<+;ksa dks ge oSQlk i;kZoj.k lkSaidj tk,¡xsA vxj vHkh Hkh euq"; tkx:d ugha gqvk] rks /jrh ij ekuo thou laHko u gks ik,xkA ge lcdk drZO; gS fd isM+ yxkdj okrkoj.k dh 'kqn~/rk cuk, j[kus esa viuk ;ksxnku nsaA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd (d) yksxksa osQ ikl isM+ yxkus dk le; ugha gSA ([k) cM+s lkgc us mn~?kkVu ij ,d uUgk isM+ yxk;k] iQksVks [khaps x,] r[rh yxkbZ xbZ ysfdu ckn esa

ml rjI+kQ fdlh us è;ku ugha fn;kA (x) xk¡o ls vkbZ vEek th mnkl blfy, gks xb± D;ksafd mUgsa iwtk osQ fy, rqylh dk ikS/k ugha feykA (?k) okguksa ls fudyrs dkys /q,¡ osQ dkj.k lk¡l osQ jksx gksrs gSaA (Ä) cgu dg jgh gS fd mls Hkwyuk erA ?kj esa oqQN iwQy f[kysaxs] mudh [kq'kcw lnk mldh ;kn

fnykrh jgsxhA

fyf[kr

1- (d) (iv) vius eu esa ([k) (ii) nqj~ (x) (i) ok;q] lehj (?k) (iii) ykmMLihdj dk iz;ksx (Ä) (i) isM+ u dkVus dh 2- (d) taxyksa esa isM+ksa dh la[;k blfy, de gks jgh gS D;ksafd isM+ dkVs tk jgs gSa vkSj taxy

oaQdjhV esa cny jgs gSaA ([k) rk”kh vkSj BaMh gok osQ fy, isM+ksa dk gksuk vfuok;Z gSA isM+ de gksrs tk jgs gSaA mUgsa dkVk

tk jgk gS] ftl dkj.k BaMh gok ugha fey ik jghA

11

71

(x) ckcwth vc cw<+s gks pys gSa] mUgsa vc ekfld osru vkSj lky dk cksul ugha feyrkA cPpksa dks firk&ekrk ls ugha] muosQ iSlksa ls yxko FkkA tc rd firk dekrs Fks Bhd] vc tc cw<+s gks pqosQ gSa] rks mUgsa vius Åij cks> yxrs gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd os mUgsa o`n~/kJe NksM+ vkus dh ckr Hkh djrs gSaA

(?k) ekuo us vkSn~;ksfxd {ks=k esa izxfr vo'; dh gS] ijarq iznw"k.k dks c<+k dj chekfj;k¡ [kjhn yhaA rjDdh rks vo'; gqbZ] ysfdu ekuoh; laosnuk,¡ [kRe gks xb±A mls iSls osQ lkeus oqQN fn[kkbZ ugha iM+rkA rjDdh dh va/h nkSM+ osQ ihNs Hkkxrs&Hkkxrs mlus viuh ekufld 'kkafr dks [kks fn;k gS] blfy, og lq[kh ugha gSA

(Ä) ekuk fd ge vkxs c<+ jgs gSa] ij bruk vkxs u fudy tk,¡ fd Lo;a dks gh Hkwy tk,¡A i;kZoj.k dh 'kqn~/rk ge lcdh vko';drk gSA i;kZoj.k dks LoPN cuk, j[kus gsrq ge lcdks vkxs c<+dj vf/d&ls&vf/d isM+ yxkus gksaxsA mudh ns[kHkky djuh gksxh] rkfd vkus okyh ihf<+;ksa dks 'kqn~/ o LoPN ok;qeaMy iznku fd;k tk losQA dfo ;gh le>kuk pkgrk gSA

(p) fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA (N) fon~;kFkhZ le;≤ ij lkewfgd :i ls o`{kkjksi.k djosQ] fon~;ky; vkus&tkus osQ fy,

lkbfdy ;k lkoZtfud okguksa dk iz;ksx djosQ] i;kZoj.k laj{k.k djus rFkk iznw"k.k u iSQykus osQ fy, yksxksa dks tkx:d dj i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k nwj djus esa viuk ;ksxnku ns ldrs gSaA (fon~;kFkhZ vius fopkj Hkh fy[k ldrs gSaA)

O;kdj.k dh ckr

1- (d) lqcg ([k) mRrj (x) cM+k (?k) xje (Ä) nqHkkZX; (p) [kq'k (N) cncw (t) xzke@xk¡o 2- (d) iqfYyax ([k) L=khfyax (x) L=khfyax (?k) L=khfyax (Ä) iqfYyax 3- (d) (vi) ([k) (iii) (x) (v) (?k) (i) (Ä) (iv) (p) (ii) 4- (d) i;kZoj.k ifjorZu ifjiDo ifjiw.kZ ifjØek ([k) ikf{kd 'kkjhfjd nSfud lkekftd ekfld

O;fDrRo fu[kkj 1- i;kZoj.k gekjk j{kk dop gS] blesa dksbZ lansg ughaA okrkoj.k 'kqn~/ gksxk] rHkh /jrh ij thou

laHko gksxkA ysfdu ekuo viuh gh xfYr;ksa ls bls u"V djus ij rqyk gSA isM+ksa dk dkVuk gks] ty dks xank djuk gks] dy&dkj[kkuksa osQ fudyrs /q,¡ ls ok;q dks iznwf"kr djuk gks] lHkh osQ fy, ge Lo;a gh ftEesnkj gSaA gesa cPpksa dks fl[kkuk pkfg, fd xanxh u iSQyk,¡A vius tUefnu

72

ij] R;ksgkjksa ij isM+ yxkdj mudh ns[kHkky djsaA nhokyh ij ;k vU; [kq'kh osQ volj ij cEc tykdj okrkoj.k dks nwf"kr u djsaA ufn;ksa esa xanxh u Mkysa] iksyhfFku dk iz;ksx u djsaA ;fn ge bu NksVh&NksVh ckrksa dk è;ku j[ksaxs rks gesa iwjh mEehn gS ,d fnu ge LoPN okrkoj.k esa lk¡l ysaxsA

2- nwf"kr ok;q] nwf"kr ty] oSQls gks thou eaxyA {kh.k vk;q] {kqC/ ty] oSQls gks thou liQyAA

egkuxjksa esa tula[;k fnuks&fnu c<+rh tk jgh gS] ftldk izHkko dy&dkj[kkuksa rFkk ;krk;kr osQ lk/uksa ij iM+k gS] blh dkj.k iznw"k.k dh Hkkjh c<+ksrjh gqbZ gSA ty] ok;q vkSj èofu iznw"k.k c<+rk tk jgk gS ftlosQ dkj.k egkuxjksa dk i;kZoj.k fo"kkDr gks x;k gSA fofHkUu tkuysok chekfj;k¡ iSQy jgh gSa tcfd xk¡o vHkh Hkh gjs&Hkjs vkSj fo"kSyh xSlksa ls nwj gSaA ogk¡ osQ yksx lknk thou chrkrs gSaA Lo;a dk;Z djus osQ dkj.k 'kkjhfjd dljr gksrh jgrh gS] ftlls os LoLFk jgrs gSaA mudk jgu&lgu o [kkuiku lHkh oqQN lk/kj.k gSaA ;s varj gekjh c<+rh gqbZ vkdka{kkvksa osQ dkj.k vk, gSaA gesa vius fopkjksa dks mPp j[krs gq, lknk thou chrkuk pkfg, rks ge bu iznwf"kr okrkoj.k ls Lo;a dks cpk ikus esa liQy gks losaQxsA

vkvks pysa iBu ls nwj 1- iznw"k.k pkj izdkj osQ gksrs gSaµok;q iznw"k.k] ty&iznw"k.k] èofu iznw"k.k] Hkwfe iznw"k.kA 2- taxy osQ ikS/ksa ls lh[kks tM+h&cwVh gedks nsrs ;sµ vkil esa eqLdkuk lgdj /wi&Nk¡o gSa nsrsAA isM+ gesa ydM+h nsrk gSA oSQls buosQ iQy dks Hkwysa] [kV~Vs&ehBs iQy nsrk gSAA vke] ve:n [kkukA izk.k ok;q lcdks nsrk gSA isM+ dks gf"kZr dj tkrk gS] cnys esa oqQN u ysrk gSAA ckny dk ikuh cjlkukA cSBs isM+ ij dks;y xkrh] e/qj&e/qj og xkukA buosQ Åij cSBs fpfM+;k¡A iRrs Vguh dksey dfy;k¡A vk¡/h /wi ;k o"kkZ ls ugha dHkh ?kcjkukA

73

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) uUgk isM+ ikuh dks D;ksa rjl jgk gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) csVs&cgw ckcwth dks dgk¡ vkSj D;ksa NksM+ vk,¡xs\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) ufn;k¡ vius HkkX; ij D;ksa jks jgh gSa\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) euq"; us oSQls vkSj dkSu&ls cqjs deZ fd, gSa\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) dfo ijns'k esa D;k ;kn djosQ jks;k\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foijhrkFkZd 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5 (d) xk¡o µ -----------------------

([k) iz'u µ -----------------------

(x) 'kke µ -----------------------

(?k) BaMh µ -----------------------

(Ä) cM+k µ -----------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ fyax cnfy,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5 (d) o`n~/ µ ----------------------- ([k) csVk µ -----------------------

(x) vEekth µ ----------------------- (?k) cgu µ -----------------------

(Ä) cPpk µ -----------------------

74

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- milxZ o ewy 'kCn dk feyku dj 'kCn cukb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) ifj $ vkoj.k µ ---------------------------

([k) [kq'k $ cw µ ---------------------------

(x) iz $ nw"k.k µ ---------------------------

(?k) varj~ $ eu µ ---------------------------

(Ä) lq $ yHk µ ---------------------------

2- cgqopu fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) unh µ ----------------------- ([k) ikVhZ µ -----------------------

(x) gok µ ----------------------- (?k) iyd µ -----------------------

(Ä) csVk µ -----------------------

3- okD; cukb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) i;kZoj.k µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) uhe µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) Hkfo"; µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) ladYi µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) vareZu µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

75

dk;Z&if=kdkµ3




1- ok;q iznw"k.k fdu dkj.kksa ls gksrk gS\ mlls gksus okys cqjs izHkkoksa dk o.kZu dhft,A 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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2- ^gekjk i;kZoj.k gekjk j{kk dop gSA* le>kdj fyf[k,A 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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76

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

1- (d) uUgk isM+ ikuh dks blfy, rjl jgk gS D;ksafd mldh ns[kHkky ugha dh xbZA osQoy iQksVks

f[kapokdj] r[rh yxkdj yksx pys x,A

([k) csVs&cgw ckcwth dks o`n~/kJe NksM+ nsaxs] D;ksafd cw<+s gksus osQ dkj.k firk th vc dekrs ughaA

gj ekg osru ugha ykrsA

(x) ufn;k¡ dpjs dk ik=k cuus ij jks jgh gSaA

(?k) euq"; us izxfr djrs le; i;kZoj.k dks iznwf"kr dj fn;kA ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:i okguksa ls

fudyrs dkys /q,¡ osQ :i esa Lo;a gh lk¡l dh chekfj;ksa dks U;ksrk fn;k gSA

(Ä) dfo ijns'k esa vius xk¡o osQ uhe osQ isM+ dks ;kn djosQ jks;kA

2- (d) 'kgj ([k) mRrj (x) lqcg (?k) xje (Ä) NksVk

3- (d) o`n~/k ([k) csVh (x) ckcwth (?k) HkkbZ (Ä) cPph

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- (d) i;kZoj.k ([k) [kq'kcw (x) iznw"k.k (?k) vareZu (Ä) lqyHk

2- (d) ufn;k¡ ([k) ikfVZ;k¡ (x) gok,¡ (?k) iyosaQ (Ä) csVs

3- (d) gesa vius i;kZoj.k dh j{kk djuh pkfg,A

([k) uhe osQ o`{k osQ vusd ykHk gSaA

(x) Hkfo"; osQ xrZ esa D;k fNik gS] dksbZ ugha tkurkA

(?k) eSa ladYi ysrk gw¡] dHkh fdlh dk cqjk ugha d:¡xkA

(Ä) esjs vareZu ls vkok”k vkbZ fd eq>s vius fe=k dh enn djuh pkfg,A

(fon~;kFkhZ viuh #fp osQ okD; Hkh cuk ldrs gSaA)

77

bZekunkj ckyd

lkjka'k

bZekunkjh ls fd;k x;k dk;Z lHkh dks vkdf"kZr djrk gSA jktfd'kksj th tks ,d lekt lsod gSa] NksVs ckyd clar ls feyrs gSaA clar mUgsa NUuh cspus osQ fy, muls uksV ysdj mldk NqV~Vk ysus tkrk gS] ysfdu nq?kZVukxzLr gksus dh otg ls okil ugha ykSVrkA ys[kd dk ifjfpr muls dgrk gS fd ,sls yM+osQ /ks[ksckt gksrs gSaA vxys fnu ys[kd osQ ?kj clar dk HkkbZ izrki 'ks"k iSls ykSVkus vkrk gS vkSj mUgsa clar osQ nq?kZVukxzLr gksus dk irk pyrk gSA ys[kd muosQ ;gk¡ MkWú ysdj tkrk gS vkSj MkWú ls dgrk gS fd clar dks Bhd djuk gh gksxk] D;ksafd blesa ,d nqyZHk xq.k gSA ;g bZekunkj gSA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd (d) ck”kkj esa NksVk ckyd] NUuh] cVu] fn;klykbZ vkfn csp jgk FkkA ([k) jktfd'kksj clar dk bar”kkj dj jgs FksA (x) tc jktfd'kksj us clar ls fcuk oqQN [kjhns] mls iSls nsus dh dksf'k'k dh rks clar us mu iSlksa

dks Hkh[k dgkA (?k) jktfd'kksj osQ iSls ykSVkus clar dk HkkbZ izrki vk;k FkkA (Ä) jktfd'kksj th us clar osQ fy, ,acqysal cqykbZA

fyf[kr 1- (d) (ii) pk; ([k) (iv) jktfd'kksj (x) (iv) [kqys iSls ysus (?k) (iii) Hkh[kw vghj osQ ?kj 2- (d) clar ck”kkj esa lkeku cspusokyk ,d NksVk ckyd FkkA mldk lkeku lqcg ls fdlh us u

[kjhnk Fkk] blfy, og jktfd'kksj th ls dksbZ ph”k ysus dk vkxzg dj jgk FkkA

([k) muosQ ikl [kqys iSls u Fks] osQoy uksV FkkA clar us muls uksV fy;k vkSj mls NqV~Vk djkus osQ fy, pyk x;kA

(x) clar dks x, nl&iaæg feuV gks x, Fks] og vHkh rd u ykSVk Fkk] blfy, Ñ".koqQekj osQ vuqlkj ,sls yM+osQ tks yksxksa dks Bxus dk dke djrs gSa] ck”kkj osQ gj dksus esa feyrs gSaA ,slk gh clar Hkh gksxkA

12

78

(?k) izrki clar dk HkkbZ FkkA og Ñ".kxat esa jktfd'kksj th dk ?kj <w¡<+ jgk FkkA

(Ä) izrki us crk;k fd og tc uksV Hkqukdj ykSV jgk Fkk rks eksVj osQ uhps vk x;k] ftlls mlosQ nksuksa iSj oqQpy x,A og csgks'k gks x;k] blfy, muosQ iSls nsus u vk ldkA

(p) clar ,d bZekunkj ckyd FkkA bl nqyZHk xq.k osQ dkj.k og mls cpkdj mldk thou l¡okjuk pkgrs FksA

(N) yksx ,d&nwljs ij fo'okl djsa] blosQ fy, izse] HkkbZpkjk] viuRo o lg;ksx dh Hkkouk dk gksuk ”k:jh gSA bu uSfrd ewY;ksa osQ dkj.k euq"; dh ekufldrk cnysxh] ekufldrk osQ cnyus ls ge lnSo ,d&nwljs dh lgk;rk djus dks rRij jgsaxs] ftlls ,d vPNs o lqn`<+ lekt dh uhao j[kh tk,xhA

3- (d) jktfd'kksj us clar ls

([k) Ñ".koqQekj us jktfd'kksj ls

(x) izrki us ,d O;fDr ls

(?k) jktfd'kksj us izrki ls

(Ä) MkWú us jktfd'kksj ls

(p) jktfd'kksj us MkWú ls

4- (d) ([k) (x) (?k) (Ä) (p)

O;kdj.k dh ckr 1- (d) Hkzkrk] HkkbZ ([k) xjhc] fu/Zu (x) foJke] vkjke

(?k) ps"Vk] iz;Ru (Ä) gM~Mh] vfLFk

2- (d) ldeZd ([k) ldeZd (x) vdeZd (?k) vdeZd (Ä) ldeZd

3- (d) fuMjrk ([k) mnklh (x) ukjhRo (?k) vPNkbZ

(Ä) ;ksX;rk (p) cpiu

4- (d) dgkfu;k¡ ([k) njok”ks (x) lfC”k;k¡ (?k) lksI+ksQ (Ä) xkfM+;k¡

(p) csVs (N) rkfy;k¡ (t) cPps

O;fDrRo fu[kkj 1- gk¡] dh gSA fiNys fnuksa esjk fe=k lM+d nq?kZVuk dk f'kdkj gks x;kA mlosQ ik¡o rFkk gkFk dh

gM~Mh VwV xbZA ijh{kk flj ij FkhA ,sls esa eSa mlosQ ?kj tkdj mlls ckrphr Hkh djrk Fkk rFkk cksy&cksydj mls i<+krk Hkh Fkk rkfd mldk gkSalyk VwVs ughaA ,slk djus ij eq>s [kq'kh Hkh feyrh FkhA lHkh dks ,d&nwljs dh lgk;rk gsrq rRij jguk pkfg,_ tSls vklikl vxj dksbZ cw<+k O;fDr gks] rks vki muosQ NksVs&eksVs dk;Z djosQ mudh lgk;rk dj ldrs gSaA d{kk esa

79

vkidk fe=k fdlh fo"k; dks vPNs ls u le> ik,] rks vki mls mldh i<+kbZ djokdj enn dj ldrs gSaA ikl esa dksbZ cPpk i<+uk pkgrk gS ysfdu mlosQ ekrk&firk mls i<+kus esa l{ke ugha gSa rks vki mldh vkfFkZd enn dj ldrs gSaA (fon~;kFkhZ vius fopkj Hkh fy[ksaA)


vkvks pysa iBu ls nwj 1- dey ,d xjhc yM+dk FkkA i<+k&fy[kk gksus osQ ckn Hkh mls dksbZ ukSdjh ugha feyh] blfy,

csjks”kxkj FkkA ,d fnu lM+d ij ?kwers gq, mls ,d cVqvk feyk] [kksydj ns[kk rks mlesa ik¡p g”kkj #i;s FksA ,d ckj eu esa vk;k fd bu iSlksa dks j[k yw¡] fiQj lkspk fdrus fnu pysaxsA firkth us le>kdj Hkstk Fkk] ifjfLFkfr;k¡ oSQlh Hkh gksa] muosQ vkxs ?kqVus er VsdukA cl bl ckr dks ;kn dj cVq, dks fiQj ls VVksyuk 'kq: fd;k] rks mlosQ vanj fNikdj j[kk irk Hkh fey x;kA dey osQ psgjs ij gYdh lh eqLdku vk xbZA iSny gh ml vksj py iM+k] tgk¡ dk irk fy[kk FkkA pyrs&pyrs 'kke gks xbZ] Fkd x;k FkkA Hkw[k vkSj I;kl ls O;koqQy Fkk] ysfdu eu esa fopkj vk;k fd ftldk ;g cVqvk gS] iSls u feyus ij fdruk cspSu gks jgk gksxkA ;g fopkj djrs&djrs xyh esa oqQN vkxs c<+k] rks ns[kk mlh irs ij igq¡p x;k Fkk] tks bl cVq, esa fy[kk FkkA csy ctkbZ] O;fDr ckgj vk;k rks mUgsa mudk cVqvk ykSVkdj dey Hkh [kq'k Fkk vkSj ekfyd HkhA cVq, osQ ekfyd us dey ls iwNk fd D;k djrs gks\ dey us crk;k fd og csjks”kxkj gSA ekfyd mldh bZekunkjh ls izlUu rks Fkk gh] mUgksaus dey dks viuh iSQDVjh esa dke ij j[k fy;kA


80

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1



1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 = 5 (d) jktfd'kksj th D;k dke djrs Fks\

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([k) ck”kkj esa jktfd'kksj th dh eqykdkr fdlls gks xbZ\

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(x) clar osQ lkFk dkSu&lh nq?kZVuk ?kVh\

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(?k) izrki jktfd'kksj th dks fdrus iSls ykSVkus vk;k Fkk\

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(Ä) clar vkSj izrki osQ ekrk&firk dh e`R;q oSQls gqbZ\

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2- loZuke 'kCnksa dks Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 = 5

(d) eSa iSls ugha yw¡xkA ---------------------------------------------------------------

([k) og yM+dk eq>s Hkyk yxrk gSA ---------------------------------------------------------------

(x) mudk ,d ifjfpr fey x;kA ---------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) eq>s esjs HkkbZ us Hkstk gSA ---------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) rqe blh oDr MkWú oekZ dks ysdj vkvksA ---------------------------------------------------------------

3- L=khfyax :i fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 = 5

(d) pkpk µ --------------------------- ([k) cPpk µ ---------------------------

(x) cki µ --------------------------- (?k) HkkbZ µ ---------------------------

(Ä) yM+dk µ ---------------------------

81

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- mfpr dkjd fpg~uksa ls fjDr LFkku Hkfj,µ 1 × 5 = 5

(d) lqcg --------------------- vc rd oqQN ugha fcdkA

([k) jktfd'kksj th --------------------- ,d ifjfpr fey x;kA

(x) eSa ck”kkj --------------------- NqV~Vk ykrk gw¡A

(?k) os tks e”knwjksa --------------------- usrk gSaA

(Ä) clar --------------------- vki --------------------- ,d NUuh nh FkhA

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ls okD; cukb,µ 1 × 5 = 5

(d) fn;klykbZ µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) nqyZHk µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) iyd ekjrs gh µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) Vksyk µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) vLirky µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- ewy'kCn o izR;; vyx dhft,µ 1 × 5 = 5

(d) nksigjh µ --------------------- $ ---------------------

([k) csgks'kh µ --------------------- $ ---------------------

(x) fxM+fxM+kdj µ --------------------- $ ---------------------

(?k) Hkqukdj µ --------------------- $ ---------------------

(Ä) ijnsokyk µ --------------------- $ ---------------------

82

dk;Z&if=kdkµ3




1- cky&e”knwjh vijk/ gS] fiQj Hkh lSdM+ksa cPps dke djrs fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa] D;ksa\ 5

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2- vkt /ks[ksckt iQy&iwQy jgs gSa] tcfd bZekunkj fil jgs gSa] ,slk D;ksa gks jgk gS\ vius fopkj fyf[k,A 5

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83

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1 1- (d) jktfd'kksj th e”knwj usrk FksA os lekt lsok fd;k djrs FksA

([k) ck”kkj esa jktfd'kksj th dh eqykdkr muosQ ifjfpr Ñ".koqQekj th ls gqbZA

(x) clar eksVj osQ uhps vk x;k] ftlls mlosQ nksuksa iSj oqQpys x,A

(?k) izrki jktfd'kksj th dks 80 iSls ykSVkus vk;k FkkA

(Ä) naxksa osQ fnuksa esa clar vkSj izrki osQ ekrk&firk dks fdlh us ekj Mkyk FkkA

2- (d) eSa ([k) eq>s (x) mudk (?k) eq>s (Ä) rqe

3- (d) pkph ([k) cPph (x) ek¡ (?k) cgu (Ä) yM+dh

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- (d) ls ([k) dk (x) ls (?k) osQ (Ä) us] dks

2- (d) fn;klykbZ dks cPpksa dh igq¡p ls ckgj j[kuk pkfg,A

([k) bZekunkjh ,d nqyZHk xq.k gSA

(x) Lusgk us iyd ekjrs gh lc dk;Z fucVk fy,A

(?k) vghj Vksyk osQ yksx xjhch dk thou fcrk jgs FksA

(Ä) nq?kZVuk gksrs gh cPps dks vLirky igq¡pk fn;k x;kA


3- (d) bZ ([k) bZ (x) dj (?k) dj ( Ä) okyk

84

ijh{kk

lkjka'k

nsox<+ fj;klr osQ nhoku cw<s+ gksus osQ dkj.k lsok&fuo`r gksuk pkgrs FksA egkjkt us mUgha dks muosQ tSlk nhoku pquus dh f”kEesnkjh lkSaihA nhoku th lekpkj&i=kks a esa foKkiu Niokrs gSa] ftl dkj.k cgqr ls yksx bl in gsrq nsox<+ igq¡p tkrs gSa vkSj Lo;a dks vPNk fn[kkus dk iz;Ru djrs gSa] tcfd os ,sls gksrs ughaA nhoku th mudh ijh{kk ysus dk volj [kkstrs gSaA ,d fnu u, iSQ'kuokys ;qok gkWdh dk eSp [ksyus x,A nhoku th us ijh{kk osQ fy, fdlku dk os'k cuk;k vkSj vukt ls Hkjh xkM+h ukys esa i¡Qlk nhA 'kke dks lHkh f[kykM+h mlh jkLrs ls tkrs gSa] ysfdu bl cw<s+ fdlku dh xkM+h dks ukys ls fudkyus dk iz;Ru dksbZ ugha djrkA rHkh ,d f[kykM+h ftls pksV yxh gS] fdlku dh lgk;rk dj xkM+h dks ckgj fudkyrk gSA fdlku vk'khokZn Lo:i ;g Hkh dgrk gS fd ukjk;.k us pkgk rks nhokuh vkidks gh feysxhA pquko okys fnu njckj esa os iafMr tkudhukFk dks fj;klr dk u;k nhoku ?kksf"kr djrs gSa vkSj dgrs gSa fd nsox<+ fj;klr dks ,slk gh n;koku vkSj nwljksa osQ nq[k dks le>us okyk nhoku pkfg, FkkA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd (d) ljnkj lqtku flag us egkjkt ls fourh dh fd os cw<s+ gks x, gSaA vr% os lsok&fuoRr gksuk pkgrs gSaA ([k) lekpkj&i=kksa esa nsox<+ fj;klr osQ fy, lq;ksX; nhoku pqus tkus osQ fy, foKkiu fudykA (x) mEehnokjksa esa lcls vf/d la[;k xzstq,Vksa dh blfy, Fkh D;ksafd lun dh oSQn u gksus ij Hkh

lun ls ijnk rks <dk jgrk gSA (?k) nsox<+ okyksa osQ fy, gkWdh dk [ksy fujkyk FkkA (Ä) fdlku dh xkM+h dhpM+ esa i¡Ql xbZ FkhA (p) ;qod osQ buke ek¡xus ij fdlku us dgk] ¶ukjk;.k pkgsaxs rks nhokuh vkidks gh feysxhA¸

fyf[kr

1- (d) (iii) uhfroqQ'ky vkSj vuqHkoh Fks ([k) (ii) â"V&iq"V (x) (iv) gkWdh

13

85

(?k) (ii) eSa rqEgkjh xkM+h fudky nw¡A (Ä) (iii) vkRecy] lkgl vkSj mnkjrk gksA 2- (d) ljnkj lqtku ¯lg us egkjkt ls fourh dh fd os vc oqQN le; ijekRek dk è;ku djuk

pkgrs gSaA 'kjhj Hkh de”kksj iM+ jgk gSA ,sls esa dksbZ Hkwy&pwd gks tk,] rks cq<+kis esa nkx yx tk,xkA vr% mUgsa fj;klr osQ nhoku in ls eqDr dj fn;k tk,A

([k) lekpkj&i=k esa fudys foKkiu esa nhoku in osQ fy, 'krs± j[kh xbZ fd ;g ”k:jh ugha fd os xzstq,V gksa] exj â"V&iq"V gksuk vko';d gSA eankfXu osQ ejh”k dks vkus dh vko';drk ugha gSA

(x) foKkiu ls rgydk blfy, epk D;ksafd ,slk m¡Qpk in Fkk] ysfdu ek¡x vf/d u FkhA lq[k&lqfo/k,¡ lHkh Fkha] ij xzstq,V gksuk Hkh vfuok;Z u Fkk] blfy, lHkh viuk HkkX; vktekus py iMs+A

(?k) ^euq";ksa dk cw<+k tkSgjh* ljnkj lqtku flag osQ fy, rFkk cxqyksa esa gal* ml O;fDr osQ fy, tks ml cw<s+ tkSgjh osQ n~okjk nhoku in osQ fy, pquk tk,xkA ckn esa ;g 'kCn tkudhukFk osQ fy, dgs tk ldrs gSaA

(Ä) ljnkj lqtku flag us Hkjh lHkk esa dgk fd bl in osQ fy, n;koku] mnkj] vkRecy ls Hkjiwj ,oa ohj iq#"k dh vko';drk FkhA lkSHkkX; ls og fey x;k gSA ,sls xq.kokys lalkj esa fojys gh gksrs gSa] vkSj tks gSa] os dhfrZ vkSj eku osQ f'k[kj ij cSBs gSa] mu rd mudh igq¡p ugha gSA os fj;klr dks iafMr tkudhukFk&lk nhoku ikus ij c/kbZ nsrs gSaA

(p) ?kk;y ;k ihfM+r O;fDr dks ns[kdj eSa mldh lgk;rk vo'; d#¡xk D;ksafd eq>s vius ifjokj ls ;gh f'k{kk feyh gS fd detksj dh lgk;rk djuk gekjk lcls cM+k /eZ gSA fdlh osQ nq[k dks ns[kdj eSa Lo;a Hkh nzfor gks tkrk gw¡] vxj lgk;rk ugha d#¡xk rks esjs eu esa lnk nq[k cuk jgsxkA


(N) mPp in ij vklhu O;fDr esa ekuork] HkkbZpkjk o n;k dh Hkkouk vo'; gksuh pkfg,A og vius uhps dk;Z djus okys yksxksa dh leL;kvksa dks tkudj mudk funku djus okyk gksuk pkfg,A fouez o drZO;ijk;.k gksuk pkfg,A bu lc xq.kksa ls ;qDr gksus ij gh O;fDr vius in dh xfjek dks iw.kZ :i ls cuk, j[k ldrk gSA


3- (d) lq;ksX;] foKkiu ([k) eankfXu (x) tkSgjh (?k) rj&c&rj (Ä) mnkj] n;kyq (p) lalkj

86

O;kdj.k dh ckr

1- (d) dohaæ ([k) johaæ (x) ijekRek (?k) eankfXu

(Ä) ijh{kk (p) dih'k

2- (d) l”kk ([k) voxq.k (x) vuknj (?k) nqtZu (Ä) rkdroj

3- (d) ;gk¡ ([k) ekuks (x) vf/d (?k) Åij

(Ä) b/j&m/j (p) vpkud 4- (d) mUgksaus iq#"kokpd ([k) Lo;a futokpd (x) dkSu iz'uokpd (?k) dksbZ] vfu'p;okpd (Ä) dksbZ loZuke ugha

O;fDrRo fu[kkj fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA



87

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1



1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 = 5 (d) u;k nhoku pquus dh f”kEesnkjh fdls lkSaih xbZ\

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([k) nhokuh in osQ fy, yksx dgk¡&dgk¡ ls vk, Fks\

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(x) ukS cts rd lksus okys feú ^v* vktdy D;k dj jgs Fks\

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(?k) i<s+&fy[ks yksx fdl izdkj osQ [ksy [ksyk djrs gSa\

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(Ä) ukys ls xkM+h fudkyus okys ;qod us fdlku dh vksj xkSj ls D;ksa ns[kk\

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2- milxZ o ewy'kCn vyx dhft,µ 1 × 5 = 5

(d) izR;sd µ ------------ $ ------------ ([k) vkpkj µ ------------ $ ------------

(x) izca/ µ ------------ $ ------------ (?k) mifLFkr µ ------------ $ ------------

(Ä) lTtu µ ------------ $ ------------

3- okD; cukb,µ 1 × 5 = 5

(d) vuqHkoh µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) foKkiu µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) jsyxkM+h µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) LokFkhZ µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) izrh{kk µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

88

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- L=khfyax :i fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 = 5 (d) iq#"k µ ------------------------ ([k) cw<+k µ ------------------------

(x) jktk µ ------------------------ (?k) ljnkj µ ------------------------

(Ä) cSy µ ------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ij vuqLokj o vuqukfld fpg~u yxkb, rFkk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ 1 × 5 = 5

(d) >q>ykdj µ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) yck µ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) lè;k µ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) yxM+krk µ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) lnsg µ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- fo'ks"k.k o fo'ks";ksa dk feyku dhft,µ 1 × 5 = 5

(d) xjhc (i) cSy

([k) n;koku (ii) ;ksn~/k

(x) gV~Vs&dV~Vs (iii) O;fDr

(?k) loZJs"B (iv) nhoku

(Ä) lq;ksX; (v) fdlku

89

dk;Z&if=kdkµ3




1- vkt osQ fon~;kFkhZ gh dy osQ Hkkoh usrk gSa] fopkj fyf[k,A 5

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2- ^,d vukj] lkS chekj* dgkor dk vFkZ fy[krs gq, le>kb, fd vkt ns'k esa ;g dgk¡&dgk¡ ykxw gksrh gS\ 5

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90

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1 1- (d) u;k nhoku pquus dh f”kEesnkjh iqjkus nhoku ljnkj lqtku flag dks gh lkSaih xbZA

([k) nhokuh in osQ fy, yksx iatkc ls] eækl ls rFkk ns'k osQ fofHkUu jkT;ksa ls vk, FksA (x) ukS cts rd lksus okys feú ^v* vktdy cxhps esa Vgyrs gq, m"kk osQ n'kZu djrs FksA (?k) i<+s&fy[ks yksx 'krjat vkSj rk'k tSls xaHkhj [ksy [ksyrs gSaA (Ä) ukys ls xkM+h fudkyus okys ;qod osQ eu esa lansg gks x;k Fkk fd dgha ;g fdlku ljnkj

lqtku flag rks ugha gSA

2- (d) izfr $ ,d ([k) vk $ pkj (x) iz $ ca/ (?k) mi $ fLFkr (Ä) lr~ $ tu

3- (d) esjs nknk th cgqr vuqHkoh gSaA ([k) vktdy Vhúohú ij vusd foKkiu ns[kus dks feyrs gSaA (x) jsyxkM+h dk lI+kQj vkjkenk;d gksrk gSA (?k) gesa LokFkhZ ugha cuuk pkfg,A (Ä) dy jkr nsj rd eSa eksgu dh izrh{kk djrk jgkA (fon~;kFkhZ viuh #fp osQ okD; Hkh cuk ldrs gSaA)

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) L=kh ([k) cqf<+;k (x) jkuh (?k) ljnkjuh (Ä) xk;

2- (d) Vhuk >q¡>ykdj ?kj ls ckgj pyh xbZA

([k) bruk yack ck¡/ ns[kdj lcdks gSjkuh gqbZA

(x) laè;k gksrs gh oaQpu oaQI;wVj ij dke djus yxhA

(?k) cSy y¡xM+krk gqvk /hjs&/hjs pyus yxkA

(Ä) vius fe=k ij lansg djuk mfpr ugha gSA


3- (d) (v) ([k) (iii) (x) (i) (?k) (ii) (Ä) (iv)

91

Hkkjr osQ yksd u`R;

lkjka'k

u`R; ekuoh; vfHkO;fDr;ksa dk jlhyk lk/u gSA Hkkjrh; u`R; mrus gh fofo/ gSa] ftruh gekjh laLÑfrA yksdu`R; viuh rk”kxh vkSj yksdfiz;rk osQ dkj.k ekuo thou esa fof'k"V egRo j[krs gSaA Hkkjr ½rqvksa dk ns'k gS] fofHkUu R;ksgkjksa dk] nsoh&nsorkvksa dk ns'k gSA ;gk¡ izR;sd ½rq] R;ksgkj ij vyx&vyx u`R;ksa dh ijaijk gSA Hkkjr dh tyok;q vyx gS] tkfr;k¡ vyx gSa] Hkk"kk,¡ vyx gSa] mlh rjg ns'k osQ fofHkUu jkT;ksa osQ u`R; Hkh vyx&vyx gSaA iatkc dk Hkk¡xM+k gks ;k jktLFkku dk ?kwej ;k fiQj vka/zizns'k dk yackM+h] lHkh viuh rjI+kQ vkdf"kZr djus dh {kerk j[krs gSaA Hkkjr dh yksd laLÑfr us yksdu`R;ksa osQ fofHkUu Lo:iksa dks tUe fn;k gSA u`R; oSQlk Hkh gks] jkT; dksbZ Hkh gks] yksxksa dk mYykl vkSj mRlkg ns[krs gh curk gSA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd (d) u`R; ekuoh; vfHkO;fDr;ksa dk jlhyk lk/u gSA ([k) eq[kkSVk u`R; esa urZd Hkxoku] i'kq&i{kh] f'kdkjh] banz/uq"k] iwQy vkfn dk :i /kj.k dj lcdks

ea=keqX/ dj nsrk gSA (x) ?kwej* jktLFkku dk lkekftd yksdu`R; gSA (?k) dkyk u`R; esa ,d cjru esa ngh gksuk ”k:jh gSA (Ä) tSls dksl&dksl ij ikuh vkSj ok.kh cnyrh gS] oSls gh u`R; 'kSfy;k¡ cnyrh gSaA u`R; gekjh

laLÑfr dk izkphu vax gSA ;g Hkkjr dh le`n~/ vkSj lqanj fojklr gS] blfy, Hkkjr osQ u`R;ksa esa fofo/rk gSA

fyf[kr 1- (d) (iv) mlosQ u`R;ksa ls ([k) (ii) HkkaxM+k (x) (iii) ukS fnu (?k) (ii) efj;EebZ nsoh dks (Ä) (ii) eLrh] mYykl] meax vkSj mRlkg

2- (d) ^;s u`R; lh/s turk ls tqM+s gSa* bl iafDr ls ys[kd dk rkRi;Z gS fd ;s u`R; viuh yksp] rk”kxh] yksdfiz;rk osQ dkj.k lh/s ekuo thou ls tqM+s gSaA buesa lk/uk dh vko';drk ughaA izR;sd volj ij] izR;sd ½rq esa] izR;sd vuq"Bku esa ;s u`R; NksVs&cM+s lHkh osQ n~okjk fd, tk ldrs gSaA

14

92

([k) fofHkUu yksdu`R;ksa esa cnyrh thou&'kSfy;ksa osQ dkj.k varj ik;k tkrk gSA /kfeZd R;ksgkjksa osQ dkj.k] cnyrh ½rqvksa osQ dkj.k] fofHkUu tkfr;ksa osQ vius&vius jhfr&fjok”kksa osQ dkj.k Hkh bu u`R; 'kSfy;ksa esa varj ik, tkrs gSaA

(x) dPph ?kksM+h urZd <ky vkSj yach ryokjksa ls ySl gksrs gSaA bu urZdksa dk Åijh Hkkx nwYgs dh ikjaifjd os'kHkw"kk esa jgrk gS vkSj fupys Hkkx dks ck¡l osQ <k¡ps ij dkx”k dh yqxnh ls cus ?kksM+s ls <dk tkrk gS] blfy, budk u`R; fo'ks"k :i ls n'kZuh; gSA

(?k) eè; izns'k dh eqfj;k tutkfr dk u`R; xoy lhax u`R; dgykrk gS] ftls iqjQ"k o efgyk,¡ nksuksa djrs gSaA iqjQ"k lhax ls tM+s f'kjksoL=k xqPNsnkj ia[k osQ lkFk igurs gSa vkSj muosQ psgjksa ij dkSM+h dh >kyj yVdrh gSA xys esa ydM+h osQ yV~B tSlk <ksy yVdrk gSA efgykvksa osQ flj ihry dh Bksl ,oa pkSM+h ekyk ls vkSj xyk Hkkjh xguksa ls <dk gksrk gSA gkFkksa esa <ksy o eathjs gksrs gSaA ;s 50 vkSj 100 yksxksa osQ lewg esa u`R; djrs gSaA

(Ä) >kj[kaM osQ u`R; dh vuwBh 'kSyh gS NÅA bls >kj[kaM osQ ljk;osQyk fj;klr osQ ,d 'kkgh ifjokj us lajf{kr j[kk gSA blesa urZd Hkxoku] i'kq] i{kh] f'kdkjh] banz/uq"k] iwQy vkfn dk :i /kj.k djrk gS vkSj ,d NksVs&ls izlax dk vfHku; Hkh djrk gS blfy, ;g 'kSyh vuwBh gSA

(p) Hkkjr osQ yksd u`R;ksa esa fofo/rk gksus ij Hkh buesa mYykl] meax] yksp] rk”kxh] laLÑfr dk laj{k.k vkfn ckrsa leku gSaA ;s yksd u`R; gesa izse] HkkbZpkjk] lewg Hkkouk vkfn thou ewY;ksa dk lans'k nsrs gSaA


(N) cPpksa dks fofHkUu lkaLÑfrd dk;ZØeksa] esyksa vkfn esa ys tkdj] ;w V;wc ij u`R;ksa ls lacaf/r fI+kQYe ,oa dk;ZØe fn[kkdj rFkk baVjusV ls u`R;ksa dh tkudkjh izkIr djus osQ fy, izksRlkfgr fd;k tk ldrk gSA


O;kdj.k dh ckr

1- (d) jl $ bZyk (d) le~ $ eku

([k) Hkkjr $ bZ; ([k) iz $ dksi

(x) o"kZ $ bd (x) iz $ ns'k

(?k) n'kZu $ bZ; (?k) iz $ lax

(Ä) ekuo $ bZ; (Ä) izfr $ fcac

93

2- (d) urZdh ([k) iqjQ"k (x) xkf;dk

(?k) BoqQjkbu (Ä) ?kksM+k (p) nsork

3- (d) (iv) uohu ([k) (v) lw{e (x) (ii) vieku

(?k) (iii) fuank (Ä) (i) fons'k 4- (d) osQ dkj.k ([k) osQ n~okjk (x) osQ Åij

(?k) dh vksj (Ä) osQ vuq:i (p) osQ Hkhrj

O;fDrRo fu[kkj 1- eq>s xqtjkr dk xjck cgqr ilan gSA efgyk,¡ tc xksy&xksy ?kwers gq, pqVdh ctkrh gSa] rks

ns[kus okys dks mldh e/qj èofu cgqr Hkkrh gSA iatkc dk Hkk¡xM+k Hkh eq>s fiz; gSA bls ns[kdj lqIr ik¡o Hkh fFkjdus dks e”kcwj gks tkrs gSaA mudh iks'kkd o mRlkg ns[krs gh curk gSA

(fon~;kFkhZ viuh #fp osQ vuqlkj mRrj nsa)

2- Hkkjr dh igpku mlosQ igukos] cksfy;ksa] yksdlaxhr o yksdu`R;ksa osQ dkj.k gksrh gSA Hkkjr dh laLÑfr fo'kky gSA ;gk¡ fofHkUu ½rqvksa dk laxe gSA ;g ns'k vius&vki esa vuks[kk o vuqie gSA ('ks"k fon~;kFkhZ ppkZ djosQ Lo;a fy[ksaA)



94

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1



1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5 (d) HkkaxM+k fdl jkT; dk u`R; gS vkSj ;g fdl volj ij fd;k tkrk gS\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) yackM+h tutkfr dh [kkukcnks'k efgyk,¡ oSQls oL=k igurh gSa\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) ^efj;EebZ nsoh* dk u`R; fdlfy, fd;k tkrk gS\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) ^;kd u`R;* fdu jkT;ksa osQ yksx djrs gSa\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) NÅ eq[kkSVs D;k fn[kkus osQ fy, cuk, tkrs gSa\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- fo'ks"k.k cukb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) iatkc µ ------------------------ ([k) jl µ ------------------------

(x) Hkkjr µ ------------------------ (?k) o"kZ µ ------------------------

(Ä) jax µ ------------------------

3- cgqopu fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) efgyk µ ------------------------ ([k) ?kksM+h µ ------------------------

(x) urZdh µ ------------------------ (?k) tutkfr µ ------------------------

(Ä) pqujh µ ------------------------

95

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- okD;ka'k osQ fy, ,d 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) o"kZ esa ,d ckj gksus okyk µ -------------------------------

([k) fnu esa ,d ckj gksus okyk µ -------------------------------

(x) /eZ ls tqM+k dk;Z µ -------------------------------

(?k) ns[kus ;ksX; µ -------------------------------

(Ä) tks'k ls Hkjk gqvk µ -------------------------------

2- o.kZ&la;kstu dj 'kCn cukb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) u~ $ v $ j~ $ r~ $ v $ o~Q $ v ¾ -----------------------

([k) u~ $ ½ $ r~ $ ;~ $ v ¾ -----------------------

(x) l~ $ v $ e~ $ v $ o~Q $ "k~ $ v ¾ -----------------------

(?k) i~ $ j~ $ v $ n~ $ , $ 'k~ $ v ¾ -----------------------

(Ä) e~ $ m $ [k~ $ vkS $ V~ $ vk ¾ -----------------------

3- mfpr LFkku ij ^j* dk iz;ksx dhft, rFkk okD; cukb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) ikphu µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) pSr µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) eqnk µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) xkeh.k µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) urd µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

96

dk;Z&if=kdkµ3




1- ^le;≤ ij vkus okys R;ksgkj Hkkjr osQ xkSjo dks c<+krs gSaA* oSQls\ fyf[k,A 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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2- yksd u`R; vkSj yksd xhr lh/s turk ls tqM+s gSa] oSQls\ le>kdj fyf[k,A 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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97

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1 1- (d) HkkaxM+k iatkc dk tks'khyk u`R; gS vkSj ;g iQly dh dVkbZ osQ volj ij fd;k tkrk gSA

([k) yackM+h tkfr dh [kkukcnks'k efgyk,¡ 'kh'kksa ls tM+s f'kjksoL=k vkSj ?kk?kjs igurh gSaA

(x) u`R; dj ^efj;EebZ nsoh ls* egkekjh dk izdksi u iSQykus dh izkFkZuk dh tkrh gSA

(?k) ;kd u`R; d'ehj osQ yn~nk[k {ks=k vkSj vle osQ fudV osQ nf{k.kh lhekorhZ {ks=kksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA

(Ä) NÅ eq[kkSVs ekuoh; xq.kksa ls ;qDr gksrs gSaA fofp=k Hkko fn[kkus osQ fy, bUgsa FkksM+k&cgqr

ifjofrZr fd;k tkrk gSA

2- (d) iatkch ([k) jlhyk (x) Hkkjrh; (?k) okf"kZd (Ä) jaxhyk

3- (d) efgyk,¡ ([k) ?kksfM+;k¡ (x) urZfd;k¡

(?k) tutkfr;k¡ (Ä) pqufj;k¡

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) okf"kZd ([k) nSfud (x) /kfeZd (?k) n'kZuh; (Ä) tks'khyk

2- (d) urZd ([k) u`R; (x) le{k (?k) izns'k (Ä) eq[kkSVk

3- (d) gesa viuh izkphu dykvksa ij xoZ gSA

([k) pS=k ekl oS'kk[k ekl ls igys vkrk gSA

(x) cPps dh eksgd eqnzk us lcdk eu thr fy;kA

(?k) 'kgjh cPps xzkeh.k okrkoj.k osQ ckjs esa ugha tkursA

(Ä) urZd eXu gksdj u`R; dj jgs FksA

98

eaf”ky ij c<+usokyksa dks

lkjka'k

eaf”ky dh vksj c<+usokys lkglh vkSj fuMj gksrs gSaA os dk¡Vksa :ih eqlhcrksa ls ?kcjkrs ugha] jkLrs esa vkus okyh foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk eqdkcyk djrs gq, e`R;q dks Hkh xys yxkus dks rS;kj jgrs gSaA vxj os f”kn ij vM+ tk,] rks cM+h&ls&cM+h eqlhcr ls Hkh vklkuh ls ckgj vk tkrs gSaA mUgksaus lnk nsuk gh lh[kk gS] lcdh HkykbZ djuk gh mudk y{; gSA nwljksa dh laifRr dks yypkbZ n`f"V ls ugha ns[krs] larks"k :ih /u dks loZJs"B ekurs gSaA os n;k o izse dk lkxj gSaA muosQ gkFkksa esa ns'k lqjf{kr gSA mudk jkLrk Hkys gh dk¡Vksa Hkjk D;ksa u gks] ij os fgEer dHkh ugha gkjrsA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd (d) (i) eaf”ky ij c<+us okys dHkh eqlhcrksa ls ?kcjkrs ugha gSaA (ii) os lcdh HkykbZ osQ fo"k; esa lksprs gSaA ([k) eaf”ky ij c<+us okyksa us thou esa lnk nsuk lh[kk gSA (x) lcdk fgr gh eaf”ky ij c<+us okyksa dk ije y{; gSA (?k) muosQ fy, lcls cM+k /u larks"k gSA (Ä) Lora=krk osQ nhokuksa dk jkLrk dk¡Vksa ls Hkjk gksrk gSA

fyf[kr 1- (d) (i) ohj o fuMj ([k) (iv) dk¡Vk (x) (iii) ck/kvksa dks g¡ldj lgk djrs gSa (?k) (ii) os R;kx&cfynku osQ fy, rS;kj gksrs gSa (Ä) (iii) fuMj gksdj y{; rd igq¡puk pkfg,

2- (d) ^dk¡Vksa ls I;kj* vkSj ^iwQyksa dh pkg* ls rkRi;Z gS fd ohj iq#"k eqlhcrksa osQ vkus ij ugha ?kcjkrs vkSj lq[kksa dh dkeuk ugha djrsA

([k) eaf”ky ij c<+us okys ;fn f”kn ij vM+ tk,] rks vkdk'k muosQ dneksa ij >qd tkrk gS vkSj cM+s&ls&cM+k rwI+kQku Hkh Fke tkrk gS vFkkZr cM+h&ls&cM+h eqlhcr Hkh mudk oqQN ugha fcxkM+ ikrhA

(x) tSls lkxj /hj vkSj xaHkhj gksrk gS vkSj lc oqQN lgu djrk gS] oSls gh ohj Hkh /hj o xaHkhj gksdj ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij fopkj&foe'kZ djrs gSaA muosQ eu esa nwljksa osQ izfr bZ";kZ dk Hkko ugha gksrk] blfy, budh rqyuk lkxj ls dh xbZ gSA

15

99

(?k) bu ohjksa osQ gkFk esa gh ns'k dh ukSdk dh irokj gksrh gS vFkkZr ohj gh ladV osQ le; ns'k osQ izgjh gksrs gSa] blfy, dfo us mUgsa Lora=krk osQ nhokus dgk gSA

(Ä) y{; izkfIr osQ fy, eSa esgur vkSj yxu dks egRo nw¡xkA ;fn blosQ i'pkr Hkh eq>s liQyrk ugha feyrh] rks eSa ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ le{k ?kqVus ugha VsowQ¡xk] vfirq vliQyrk osQ dkj.kksa dks tkudj nqxus mRlkg osQ lkFk ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk lkeuk d:¡xkA tc rd liQyrk ugha feyrh] rc rd ,slk fujarj djrk jgw¡xkA

(fon~;kFkhZ vius fopkj Hkh fy[k ldrs gSaA) (p) y{; osQ ekxZ esa vkus okyh ck/kvksa ij lksp&fopkj dj mlh osQ vuqlkj ifjJe d#¡xkA

euq"; thou dk dksbZ Hkh dk;Z vlaHko ugha] gk¡] dfBu vo'; gks ldrk gSA mls ljy viuh esgur ls cuk;k tk ldrk gSA tSls gj jkr osQ i'pkr lqcg dk gksuk fuf'pr gS] oSls gh ifjJe ls fd, dk;Z dks liQyrk feyuk Hkh vo';aHkkoh gSA


O;kdj.k dh ckr 1- (d) dk¡Vk ([k) jksuk (x) ysuk (?k) fo'ks"k (Ä) v/hj (p) ?k`.kk 2- (d) (v) dk¡Vk ([k) (i) e`R;q (x) (iv) vkdk'k (?k) (vi) lkxj (Ä) (ii) vk”kknh (p) (iii) uko 3- (d) tkfrokpd ([k) tkfrokpd (x) tkfrokpd (?k) Hkkookpd (Ä) Hkkookpd (p) tkfrokpd (N) tkfrokpd (t) tkfrokpd 4- (d) iwQy] /wy ([k) lk/k] jk/k (x) pkg] jkg (?k) pje] uje (Ä) xkxj] ukxj (p) phj] ohj

O;fDrRo fu[kkj 1- eSa vius vki ij fo'okl dks] viuh esgur dks lcls cM+k /u ekurk gw¡A ;fn Lo;a ij fo'okl

gh ugha gksxk] rks ge fdruk Hkh ifjJe dj ysa] gesa mlesa liQyrk ugha fey ldrhA fo'okl tc vkRefo'okl dk :i ysrk gS] rc ge nqxqus mRlkg ls ml dk;Z dks djrs gSa rks bZ'oj Hkh lgk;d curk gSA rRi'pkr gesa liQyrk vo'; feyrh gSA

2- esjs thou dh eaf”ky lSfud cudj ns'k dh lsok djuk gSA ns'k dk izgjh cu nq'euksa ls mldh j{kk djuk pkgrk gw¡A mlosQ fy, eSa vHkh ls vius [kkuiku dk è;ku j[krk gw¡A dljr djrk gw¡] rkfd esjk 'kjhj ran#Lr jgsA esjh yackbZ c<+sA lkFk&gh&lkFk eSa vius iSjksa dh dljr Hkh djrk gw¡] rkfd lsuk esa HkrhZ gks low¡QA HkrhZ osQ le; ftu ijh{kkvksa ls xq”kjuk iM+rk gS] eSa mu lHkh dk cM+h rYyhurk ls ikyu djrk gw¡A



100

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1



1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5 (d) dk¡Vksa dh ijokg dkSu ugha djrs\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) eafty ij c<+us okys ekSr dks fdl izdkj viukrs gSa\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) 'kwjohjksa osQ vk¡lqvksa dks fdlosQ leku crk;k gS\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) 'kwjohj fruosQ osQ leku fdls ekurs gSa\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) 'kwjohj ns'k dh uS;k dks D;ksa Mwcus ugha nsaxs\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- dkjd fpg~u yxkdj okD; iw.kZ dhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5 (d) dk¡Vksa ----------------------- I;kj mUgsa gksrk gSA

([k) iwQyksa ----------------------- pkg ugha gksrhA

(x) ;fn os f”kn ----------------------- vM+ tk,¡A

(?k) varj ----------------------- nkg ugha gksrhA

(Ä) lqeuksa ----------------------- jkg ugha gksrhA

3- okD; cukb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5 (d) jRukdj µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) y{; µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) ijokg µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) rwI+kQku µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) y{; µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

101

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- mfpr 'kCn yxkdj okD; iw.kZ dhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) unh dk ----------------------- rs”k FkkA (ijokg] izokg)

([k) mlosQ ikl ,d ----------------------- Lo.kZ eqnzk,¡ gSaA (y{k] y{;)

(x) nwljksa osQ izfr eu esa ----------------------- ugha j[kuk pkfg,A (nkg] pkg)

(?k) 'kwjohjksa dks dHkh ----------------------- dh ijokg ugha gksrhA (iwQyksa] 'kwyksa)

(Ä) vfgalk dks ----------------------- /eZ dgk x;k gSA (ije] pje)

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa mfpr LFkku ij uqDrs dk iz;ksx dhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) eafty µ --------------------------------------------------

([k) ftn µ --------------------------------------------------

(x) rwiQku µ --------------------------------------------------

(?k) rsth µ --------------------------------------------------

(Ä) btktr µ --------------------------------------------------

3- fo'ks"k.k ,oa fo'ks"; osQ lgh tksM+s cukb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

Hk;adj] ije] eksrh] y{;] rwI+kQku] prqj] lPps] 'kwjohj] f[koS;k] lSfud

fo'ks"k.k fo'ks"; (d) ------------------------------- -------------------------------

([k) ------------------------------- -------------------------------

(x) ------------------------------- -------------------------------

(?k) ------------------------------- -------------------------------

(Ä) ------------------------------- -------------------------------

102

dk;Z&if=kdkµ3




1- vusd yksx nwljksa dh mUufr ls bZ";kZ djrs gSaA D;k ,slk djuk mfpr gS\ 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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2- lk/kj.k euq"; ns'k osQ izfr dkSu&dkSu&ls drZO; fuHkkdj ns'k dk xkSjo c<+k ldrk gS\ 5

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103

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1 1- (d) eaf”ky dh vksj c<+usokys 'kwjohj dk¡Vksa dh ijokg ugha djrsA

([k) eaf”ky ij c<+us okys ekSr dks g¡lrs gq,] eq¡g ls vkg fudkys fcuk viukrs gSaA

(x) 'kwjohjksa osQ vk¡lqvksa dks lPps eksfr;ksa osQ leku crk;k x;k gSA

(?k) 'kwjohjksa osQ fy, nwljksa dh yk[kksa dh laifRr Hkh fruosQ osQ leku gSA

(Ä) 'kwjohj ns'k dh uS;k osQ prqj f[koS;k gSa] rwI+kQkuksa ls Vdjkdj eaf”ky izkIr djsaxsA

2- (d) ls ([k) dh (x) ij

(?k) esa (Ä) dh

3- (d) fo'kky jRukdj osQ le{k lHkh >qd tkrs gSaA

([k) 'kwjohjksa dk y{; eaf”ky dks izkIr djuk gSA

(x) yksxksa dh ijokg fd, fcuk vkxs c<+uk pkfg,A

(?k) vk/h jkr dks tgk”k vpkud leqnzh rwI+kQku esa i¡Ql x;kA

(Ä) vPNk balku cuuk gh gekjs thou dk y{; gksuk pkfg,A

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) izokg ([k) y{k (x) nkg

(?k) 'kwyksa (Ä) ije

2- (d) eaf”ky ([k) f”kn (x) rwI+kQku

(?k) rs”kh (Ä) btk”kr

fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";

3- (d) prqj f[koS;k ([k) 'kwjohj lSfud (x) lPps eksrh (?k) Hk;adj rwI+kQku (Ä) ije y{;

104

chl lky cknlkjka'k

U;w;kWoZQ esa iys vkSj cM+s gq, ckWc vkSj fteh nksuksa fe=k gSaA ckWc iSlk dekus osQ fy, nf{k.k dh vksj tkuk pkgrk gS] ij fteh ogha jgrk gSA nksuksa fe=k iSQlyk djrs gSa fd chl lky ckn fu;r le; o txg ij feysaxsA ckWc us xyr dk;ks± ls [kwc iSlk dek;k] tcfd fteh iqfyl baLisDVj cukA chl lky ckn nksuksa fey tkrs gSa] ysfdu fteh igpku tkrk gS fd ftls fxjÝ+ rkj djus dk mls vkWMZj fn;k x;k gS] og mldk fe=k ckWc gh gSA og vius LFkku ij nwljs flikgh dks Hkstdj ckWc dks fxjÝ+ rkj djokrk gS] D;ksafd og chl lky ckn vius fe=k dks vius gkFkksa fxjÝ+ rkj djus dh fgEer ugha tqVk ikrkA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd (d) flikgh eqLrSn pky esa pgydneh dj jgk Fkk vkSj nqdkuksa osQ rkys pSd dj jgk FkkA ([k) nqdku osQ ckgj [kM+s O;fDr us flikgh ls dgk dksbZ [kkl ckr ugha] eSa vius fe=k dh izrh{kk dj jgk gw¡A (x) nksuksa fe=kksa osQ uke fteh vkSj ckWc FksA (?k) o"kkZ rs”k gks xbZ Fkh vkSj gok Hkh oqQN rs”k pyus yxh Fkh] blfy, yksx rs”kh ls ?kjksa dh vksj yidus yxsA (Ä) yacs&rxM+s O;fDr us flxkj ihrs O;fDr ls iwNk fd D;k og ckWc gSA

fyf[kr 1- (d) (ii) ckWc dks ([k) (iv) chl lky (x) (iii) liQyrk osQ (?k) (ii) mldh ukd cny xbZ Fkh (Ä) (i) ,d ijpk 2- (d) nqdku osQ ckgj ,d O;fDr vius fe=k dh izrh{kk dj jgk FkkA chl lky igys mlus vkSj mlosQ

fe=k us blh jsLrjk¡ osQ ckgj feyus dk oknk fd;k Fkk] blfy, og mldh izrh{kk dj jgk FkkA ([k) flxkj okys O;fDr dk jax xksjk Fkk] pkSdksj vkdkj osQ eq[kM+s esa vkd"kZd rs”k vk¡[ksa Fkha]

nkfguh vk¡[k osQ Åij pksV dk fu'kku FkkA mlus xys esa LdkiZQ iguk Fkk] ftl ij ghjs tM+k fiu yxk FkkA

(x) mlus crk;k fd chl lky igys ;gk¡ ,d jsLrjk¡ Fkk vkSj mlus ,d fe=k ls oknk fd;k Fkk fd iwjs chl lky ckn blh LFkku ij os yksx feysaxs] pkgs os lalkj osQ fdlh Hkh dksus esa D;ksa u gksaA

(?k) flikgh us mlosQ diM+s] mldh eg¡xh ?kM+h rFkk LdkiZQ esa yxh ghjs tM+h fiu dks nss[kdj dgk fd yx jgk gS vkius bu chl o"kks± esa dkiQh /u dek;k gSA

(Ä) yacs O;fDr us flxkj okys O;fDr ls dgkµvki fiNys nl feuV ls canh cuk fy, x, gSa] feLVj flYoh ckcw! f'kdkxks ls vkidks idM+us osQ vkns'k gekjs ikl gSaA vki pqipki esjs lkFk pysa] blh esa vkidh HkykbZ gSA

(p) thou esa liQy gksus osQ fy, ifjJe] yxu] bZekunkjh] ekuork vkfn xq.kksa dk gksuk vko';d

16

105

gSA fdlh xyr jkLrs ls feyh liQyrk vf/d le; rd ugha cuh jgrhA (fon~;kFkhZ vius fopkj Hkh fy[k ldrs gSaA)

(N) fteh ,d iqfyl vf/dkjh Fkk vkSj ckWc xyr dk;ks± ls tqM+k FkkA fteh us vius drZO; dks fe=krk ls Åij ekurs gq, ckWc dks fxjÝ+ rkj djok;kA ,slk djuk fcYoqQy lgh FkkA

(fon~;kFkhZ vius fopkj Hkh fy[k ldrs gSaA) 3- (d) ckWc usµflikgh ls ([k) flikgh usµckWc ls (x) ckWc usµflikgh ls (?k) yacs O;fDr usµflYoh ls (Ä) ckWc usµyacs O;fDr lsO;kdj.k dh ckr 1- (d) og µ iqjQ"kokpd ([k) ge µ iqjQ"kokpd (x) ;g µ fu'p;okpd (?k) eSaus µ iq#"kokpd] Lo;a µ futokpd (Ä) vki µ iqjQ"kokpd] D;k µ iz'uokpd 2- (d) osQ fy, ([k) ij (x) osQ (?k) dk (Ä) esa (p) us (N) ls 3- (d) fu"ks/okpd ([k) lansgokpd (x) foLe;kfnokpd (?k) iz'uokpd (Ä) lansgokpd (p) laosQrokpd 4- (d) dkyk ([k) iwjk@lkjk (x) uhps (?k) /hek (Ä) fnu (p) ijk;k (N) ogk¡ (t) NksVk (>) v'kqHk (×k) vliQyO;fDrRo fu[kkj 1- fteh n~okjk fy[ks ijps dks i<+dj ckWc oqQN ugha dj ldrk Fkk D;ksafd og iqfyl dh fxjÝr

esa FkkA ij mlus lkspk vo'; gksxk fd mlosQ fe=k us mls /ks[kk fn;k gSA vxj eSa f”keh ls feyus u vkrk rks viuk thou th jgk gksrk] fteh ls feyus dh bPNk gh mls bl gkyr esa ys vkbZ gSA ('ks"k fon~;kFkhZ viuh lksp ls fy[ksaA)

2- ugha] /uh cuus osQ fy, csbZekuh djuk vfuok;Z ughaA gesa vius ifjJe vkSj dkcfy;r ij Hkjkslk j[kuk pkfg,A /hjs&/hjs vius dk;ks± dks vkxs c<+kuk pkfg,A dne&nj&dne c<+saxs] rks liQyrk vo'; feysxh] ysfdu vxj ge ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ vkxs ?kqVus Vsd nsaxs] rks /uh cuuk rks nwj liQyrk dks Hkh rjl tk,¡xsA /uh cuus osQ fy, esgur vkSj ifjJe osQ lkFk&lkFk le; osQ lkFk pyuk lh[ksaxsA bl le; lekt esa fdl oLrq dh ek¡x vf/d gS] lHkh tkudkfj;k¡ ,d=k dj vius O;kikj dks vkxs c<+k,¡xsA ('ks"k fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a fy[ksa)

vkvks pysa iBu ls nwj 1- blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd fe=krk lkekftd Lrj dks ns[kdj ugha dh tkrhA eSa vius fe=k esa n;k

o lg;ksx dh Hkkouk ns[kuk pkgrk gw¡A eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd esjk fe=k dHkh fdlh dks /ks[kk u ns] lnk nwljksa dh lgk;rk djus dks rRij jgsA eSaus vius fe=k ls bUgha NksVh&NksVh ckrksa dks lh[kk_ tSls fon~;ky; ls vuqifLFkr Nk=k dh lgk;rk gsrq mls viuh dkWih Lo;a gh ns nsuk] dfBu lokyksa dks gy djus esa de”kksj Nk=kksa dh enn djukA igys eSa lkspk djrk Fkk fd vxj eSa vius fe=kksa dh lgk;rk d#¡xk rks os eq>ls vf/d vad ysdj eq>ls vkxs c<+ tk,¡xs ij vc ,slk ugha gSA eSaus vius bl lPps vkSj vPNs fe=k ls tkuk fd gesa bZ";kZ ugha Li/kZ j[kuh pkfg,A nwljksa dh enn djosQ tks ekufld 'kkafr feyrh gS] og 'kCnkrhr gS] ;g Hkh eSaus vius fe=k ls gh lh[kk gSA


106

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1



1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5 (d) ck”kkj lqulku D;ksa Fkk\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) fteh ckWc ls feydj [kq'k D;ksa gksxk\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) nf{k.k esa yksxksa dh cqn~f/ rs”k D;ksa gks tkrh gS\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) ^U;w;kWoZQ esa rqe Hkh rks liQy jgs gksxs* bl ckr dk mRrj fteh us D;k fn;k\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) ^chl lky esa ukd cny tk,] ,slk ugha gks ldrk* bl ckr dk mRrj flikgh us D;k fn;k\

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2- mfpr 'kCnksa ls fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ dhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5 (d) --------------------------- Mkys xIisa ekjrs gq, pyus yxsA ([k) og --------------------------- viuh liQyrk osQ jkx vyki jgk FkkA (x) ogk¡ ls --------------------------- yksx vk&tk jgs FksA (?k) vki --------------------------- esjs lkFk pysaA (Ä) flikgh Hkh ml --------------------------- c<+ x;kA

3- 'kCn cukb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5 (d) l~ $ v $ e~ $ vk $ i~ $ r~ $ v -----------------------

([k) i~ $ v $ r~ $ j~ $ v -----------------------

(x) o~Q $ vk $ j~ $ ;~ $ v -----------------------

(?k) u~ $ ;~ $ Å $ ;~ $ vkW $ j~ $ o~Q $ v -----------------------

(Ä) n~ $ v $ o~Q $ "k~ $ b $ .k~ $ v -----------------------

107

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa ls milxZ o ewy 'kCn vyx dhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) mifLFkfr ¾ ----------------------- $ -----------------------

([k) vkÑfr ¾ ----------------------- $ -----------------------

(x) cnfdLer ¾ ----------------------- $ -----------------------

(?k) izdk'k ¾ ----------------------- $ -----------------------

(Ä) vleFkZ ¾ ----------------------- $ -----------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa lgh ij () vkSj xyr ij () yxkb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) gydh o"kkZ osQ dkj.k ekxZ lqulku FkkA

([k) nl lky igys ;g jsLrjk¡ can gks x;kA

(x) ml O;fDr dh nkfguh vk¡[k osQ Åij pksV dk fu'kku FkkA

(?k) vkius chl o"kks± esa vf/d /u ugha dek;kA

(Ä) vkidh yackbZ Hkh rhu&pkj bap c<+ xbZ gSA

3- okD; cukb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) fdLer osQ [ksy µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) xIisa ekjuk µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) i=k&O;ogkj µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) 'kkafr dk lkezkT; µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) gok osQ BaMs >ksaosQ µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

108

dk;Z&if=kdkµ3




1- ^fe=krk ,d [kwclwjr vglkl gS*] D;k vki ,slk ekurs gSa\ fyf[k,A 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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2- vki vius fe=k esa dkSu&dkSu&ls xq.k ns[kuk ilan djsaxs vkSj mlosQ fdu voxq.kksa dks nwj djuk pkgsaxs\ 5

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109

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1 1- (d) ck”kkj lqulku blfy, Fkk D;ksafd gok osQ BaMs >ksadksa osQ lkFk gydh o"kkZ Hkh gksus yxh FkhA

([k) f”keh ckWc ls feydj blfy, [kq'k gksxk D;ksafd chl lky ckn mldk fe=k bruh nwj ls mlls feyus vk jgk gSA

(x) nf{k.k esa yksxksa dh cqn~f/ rsy O;kikfj;ksa osQ lkFk dke djus osQ dkj.k rs”k gks tkrh gSA

(?k) ^[kkl ugha] cl uxj dh lsokvksa esa esjk Hkh oqQN ;ksxnku jgkA* fteh us ;gh mRrj fn;kA

(Ä) ^ysfdu chl lky esa ,d vPNs vkneh dks cqjk cukus dk lkeF;Z rks gS* flikgh us mRrj fn;kA

2- (d) ck¡g&esa&ck¡g ([k) c<+&p<+dj (x) bDdk&nqDdk

(?k) pqipki @ ”kYnh ls (Ä) vksj

3- (d) lekIr ([k) i=k (x) dk;Z (?k) U;w;kWoZQ (Ä) nf{k.k

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) mi $ fLFkfr ([k) vk $ Ñfr (x) cn $ fdLer

(?k) iz $ dk'k (Ä) v $ leFkZ

2- (d) ([k) (x) (?k) (Ä) 3- (d) fdLer osQ [ksy lnk fujkys gksrs gSaA

([k) fe=kksa osQ lkFk xIisa ekjus esa cM+k vkuan vkrk gSA

(x) os lkyksa rd i=k&O;ogkj djrs jgsA

(?k) pkjksa rjI+kQ 'kkafr dk lkezkT; Nk;k FkkA

(Ä) gok osQ BaMs >ksaosQ ljnh osQ vkus dk laosQr ns nsrs gSaA

110

egkeuk iafMrenueksgu ekyoh;

lkjka'k

iaú enueksgu ekyoh; th mu Lora=krk lsukfu;ksa esa ls ,d Fks] ftUgksaus viuh ys[kuh osQ cy ij Lora=krk laxzke esa viuk ;ksxnku fn;k FkkA ekyoh; th cpiu ls gh cqn~f/eku Fks] es/koh FksA muosQ laLÑr vè;kid us bUgsa laLÑr i<+us osQ fy, izksRlkfgr fd;kA os i<+kbZ lekIr dj vè;kiu dk;Z esa tqV x,A dkaxzsl vf/os'ku esa budk Hkk"k.k lqudj jktk jkeiky us bUgsa ^fganqLrku* i=k dk laiknd cuk fn;kA bUgksaus ckn esa vaxzs”kh i=k ^bafM;u vksisfu;u* dk laiknu Hkh fd;kA fe=kksa us odkyr dj ns'k&lsok dk lq>ko j[kk] rks ogk¡ Hkh bUgksaus viuh ;ksX;rk dk ,slk ifjp; fn;k fd vaxsz”k tt Hkh budh rhoz cqn~f/ dk yksgk eku x,A ekyoh; th osQ iz;klksa ls gh cukjl ¯gnw fo'ofon~;ky; dh LFkkiuk gqbZA ;s dk'kh fo'ofon~;ky; osQ oqQyifr Hkh jgsA LokLF; Bhd u jgus osQ dkj.k lu~ 1946 bZú esa budk nsgkar gks x;kA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd (d) cukjl ¯gnw fo'ofon~;ky; esa f'k{kdksa us ;g fu;e cuk;k fd vxj muosQ fon~;kFkhZ xyrh djsaxs]

rks os mUgsa vkfFkZd naM nsaxsA ([k) fo'ofon~;ky; dh LFkkiuk iaú enueksgu ekyoh; us dh FkhA (x) enu eksgu ekyoh; th ,d egku O;fDr Fks] blfy, mUgsa ;g mikf/ nh xbZA (?k) os Lo;a Hkh xjhc ifjokj ls laca/ j[krs Fks] blfy, muosQ fy, xjhc turk osQ nq[k le>uk

vklku FkkA (Ä) mPp f'k{kk izkIr djus osQ fy, ekyoh; th us E;ksj lsaVªy dkWyst esa nkf[kyk fy;kA (p) dkykdkadj osQ jktk jkeiky flag FksA

fyf[kr 1- (d) (ii) tqekZuk ekI+kQh osQ fy, enueksgu th osQ ikl tkuk ([k) (iv) Hkkjr dh nqnZ'kk vkSj vaxzs”kksa osQ vR;kpkj osQ ckjs esa (x) (iv) vè;kid dh (?k) (ii) fganqLrku dk (Ä) (i) fo'ofon~;ky; dh

17

111

2- (d) fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks xyrh dk vkfFkZd naM Hkqxruk iM+rk FkkA fon~;kFkhZ ekyoh; th osQ ikl tkdj mls ekI+kQ djok ysrs Fks] ;g ckr f'k{kdksa dks vPNh ugha yxrh FkhA blh ckr dh f'kdk;r ysdj f'k{kdx.k muosQ ikl igq¡psA

([k) ekyoh; th us oqQN lkfFk;ksa dh enn ls okXof/Zuh lHkk dh LFkkiuk dhA bl lHkk osQ ekè;e ls os txg&txg Hkk"k.k nsdj vaxzs”kksa n~okjk Hkkjrh; /eZ vkSj laLÑfr osQ fo#n~/ fd, tkus okys izpkj dk fojks/ djrs FksA

(x) dkWyst esa ekyoh; th dks laLÑr osQ izkè;kid iafMr vkfnR;jke HkV~Vkpk;Z us laLÑr osQ vè;;u osQ fy, izksRlkfgr fd;kA

(?k) vaxzs”k tt ekyoh; th dh rhoz cqn~f/ ij gSjku jg tkrs FksA /hjs&/hjs ;s mPpdksfV osQ odhyksa esa fxus tkus yxsA

(Ä) muosQ fny esa Hkkjrokfl;ksa osQ izfr I;kj FkkA ekuork muesa owQV&owQVdj Hkjh gqbZ FkhA os fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dh lgk;rk dks lnk rRij jgrs FksA /eZ vkSj laLÑfr osQ f[kykI+kQ fd, tkus okys izpkj dk fojks/ djrs Fks] mUgksaus thou esa pkgs f'k{kd dk] pkgs i=kdkj cudj ;k odhy cudj dk;Z fd;k] ij ns'k&lsok osQ iz.k dk dHkh R;kx ugha fd;kA muosQ pfj=k dh bUgha ckrksa us eq>s Hkh izHkkfor fd;kA


(p) gekjh n`f"V esa ekuork dk iqtkjh og gS] tks ekuo osQ nq[k&nnZ dks viuk le> mls nwj djus dk iz;Ru djrk gSA fxjrs ekuoh; ewY;ksa dks Åij mBkus dk iz;kl djrk gSA n;k] eerk] d#.kk vkfn Hkkoksa ls ;qDr O;fDr gh ekuork dk iqtkjh gks ldrk gS D;ksafd og fdlh xjhc ;k nq[k;kjs osQ nq[k dks viuk le> mls nwj djus dk iz;Ru djsxkA lekt dks mUur vkSj [kq'kgky cukus gsrq yksxksa dks vkxs c<+us gsrq izksRlkfgr djsxkA lekt dks f'kf{kr djkus esa viuk iw.kZ ;ksxnku nsxkA


O;kdj.k dh ckr

1- (d) laLÑfr;k¡ ([k) iSls (x) dFkk,¡ (?k) ckrsa (Ä) xyfr;k¡ (p) vPNs (N) ijh{kk,¡ (t) csfM+;k¡ 2- (d) fon~;ky; ([k) vR;kpkj (x) fon~;kFkhZ (?k) U;k;ky; (Ä) egkRek (p) Nk=kkokl (N) vH;qn; (t) mTToy 3- (d) la;qDr okD; ([k) ljy okD; (x) feJ okD; (?k) ljy okD; (Ä) feJ okD; (p) feJ okD; 4- ;qn~/ osQ le; tks eqLrSnh 'kkL=kh th us fn[kykbZ] mldh iz'kalk lkjh turk vkSj lkjh iQkS”k djrh

gSA ysfdu tc 'kkafr dk ekSdk vk;k] rc rk'kdan esa 'kkL=kh th us pkSgku lkgc ls dgk] ^^;g ;kn jf[k, fd ftl n`<+rk ls geus ;qn~/ fd;k gS] mlh n`<+rk osQ lkFk ge 'kkafr dh Hkh [kkst djsaxsA** u tkus 'kkL=kh th osQ Hkhrj fdrus tUeksa dh lk/uk iw¡thHkwr Fkh fd yxrk gSµ^os Hkkjr

112

osQ lPps vorkj FksA* os brus fouez Fks fd yxrk gS] fouezrk muosQ lHkh xq.kksa dks fNikdj cSB xbZ FkhA

O;fDrRo fu[kkj 1- gekjh n`f"V esa fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks naM nsdj ugha I;kj ls le>k&cq>kdj lq/kjk tk ldrk gSA cPpk

cpiu esa ukle> gksrk gSA ;fn mls ekjk tkrk gS] rks og <hB cudj cuk, x, fu;eksa dk mYy?kau djrk gS] ,slk djosQ og nwljksa dk è;ku viuh rjiQ vkdf"kZr djuk pkgrk gSA blosQ foijhr I;kj ls le>kdj dk;Z djokus ls ge mldh vkRek dks >a>ksM+ nsrs gSa] ftlls og Lo;a gh /hjs&/hjs lq/jus yxrk gSA ysfdu dHkh&dHkh NksVk&NksVk naM nsuk Hkh vfuok;Z gks tkrk gS D;ksafd dPph cqn~f/ osQ ckyd naM u feyus ij bls viuh liQyrk le> vf/d 'kSrkfu;k¡ djus yxrs gSaA blfy, mUgsa lgh jkLrs ij ykuk vfuok;Z gSA

(fon~;kFkhZ vius fopkj Hkh fy[k ldrs gSaA) 2- vaxzs”kh esa ,d dgkor gS] ftldk ¯gnh esa vFkZ oqQN ;ksa fudyrk gS µ ^,d vPNk fny nqfu;k

osQ dbZ fnekxksa ls vPNk gksrk gS* vFkkZr ftl O;fDr dk ân; fo'kky gksxk ogha ekuoh; xq.kksa dks] thou&ewY;ksa dks l¡Hkkydj j[k ik,xkA egku iq#"k Å¡p&uhp osQ HksnHkko ls] vehj&xjhc osQ HksnHkko ls] tkfr&Hksn ls Åij mBdj osQoy ,d euq"; osQ :i esa] euq"; le>dj lHkh dh lgk;rk djsxkA LoHkko ls fouez gksxkA Øks/ vkSj vkos'k dks vius ls nwj j[kus okyk gksxkA izse] n;k] HkkbZpkjk vkfn thou ewY;ksa dks Lo;a Hkh /kj.k djsxk rFkk mls lekt esa Hkh iSQyk,xkA


vkvks pysa iBu ls nwj fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsa

113

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1



1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5 (d) f'k{kdksa dh naM osQ fo"k; esa D;k jk; Fkh\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) xka/h th ekyoh; th dks D;k dgdj cqykrs Fks\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) lu~ 1886 dk vf/os'ku dgk¡ gqvk\ yksx ekyoh; th ls D;ksa izHkkfor gq,\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) ekyoh; th fo'ofon~;ky; dh LFkkiuk D;ksa djuk pkgrs Fks\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) ekyoh; th osQ vuqlkj ns'k dh mUufr oSQls laHko gS\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- fyax cnfy,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5 (d) vè;kid µ --------------------------- ([k) f'k{kd µ ---------------------------

(x) Nk=k µ --------------------------- (?k) ekrk µ ---------------------------

(Ä) lektlsod µ ---------------------------

3- bd izR;; yxkdj 'kCn cukb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5 (d) lekt $ bd ¾ -----------------------

([k) fnu $ bd ¾ -----------------------

(x) f'k{kk $ bd ¾ -----------------------

(?k) 'kjhj $ bd ¾ -----------------------

(Ä) i{k $ bd ¾ -----------------------

114

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- milxZ o ewy 'kCn vyx dhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) nqcZy µ ----------------------- $ -----------------------

([k) Lons'k µ ----------------------- $ -----------------------

(x) vuq'kklu µ ----------------------- $ -----------------------

(?k) laiknd µ ----------------------- $ -----------------------

(Ä) izHkkoh µ ----------------------- $ -----------------------

2- mfpr fo'ks"k.k yxkdj okD; iw.kZ dhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) ns'k dh ----------------------- turk dk nq[k le>uk vklku FkkA

([k) os ----------------------- es/koh Nk=k osQ :i esa fxus tkrs FksA

(x) tt Hkh mudh ----------------------- cqn~f/ dh iz'kalk djrs FksA

(?k) mudk uke ----------------------- osQ odhyksa esa fy;k tkus yxkA

(Ä) ekyoh; th dks ----------------------- iSls dk tqekZuk Hkjuk iM+k FkkA

3- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa ls fØ;k&in Nk¡Vdj vyx dhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) f'k{kdksa us ;g fu;e cuk;k FkkA µ ---------------------------------

([k) os izkFkZuk&i=k ij ekI+kQh fy[k nsrs FksA µ ---------------------------------

(x) xjhch mudk ihNk ugha NksM+ jgh FkhA µ ---------------------------------

(?k) tt mudh rhoz cqn~f/ ij gSjku gks tkrs FksA µ ---------------------------------

(Ä) mUgsa [kkus&ihus dh lq/ ugha jgrh FkhA µ ---------------------------------

115

dk;Z&if=kdkµ3




1- fon~;kfFkZ;ksa esa mPNa`[kyk c<+rh tk jgh gS] dkj.k o mik; nksuksa fyf[k,A 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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2- vk”kknh izkIr djuk ljy gS] fdarq mls cuk, j[kuk mruk gh dfBu D;ksa gS\ le>kdj fyf[k,A 5

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116

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1 1- (d) f'k{kdksa dh naM osQ fo"k; esa jk; Fkh fd vxj naM u fn;k tk,] rks fon~;kfFkZ;ksa esa

vuq'kklughurk c<+rh gSA

([k) xka/h th mUgsa uj&jRu dgdj cqykrs FksA

(x) lu~ 1886 dk vf/os'ku dydRrk esa gqvkA ekyoh; th dk Hkk"k.k lqudj yksx izHkkfor gq,A

(?k) ekyoh; th Hkkjrh;ksa esa vius /eZ vkSj laLÑfr osQ izfr tkx:drk ykus osQ fy, fo'ofon~;ky; dh LFkkiuk djuk pkgrs FksA

(Ä) tc ns'k osQ yksx f'kf{kr gksaxs] rHkh ns'k dh mUufr laHko gSA

2- (d) vè;kfidk ([k) f'kf{kdk (x) Nk=kk (?k) firk (Ä) lektlsfodk

3- (d) lkekftd ([k) nSfud (x) 'kSf{kd (?k) 'kkjhfjd (Ä) ikf{kd

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) nqj~ $ cy ([k) Lo $ ns'k (x) vuq $ 'kklu

(?k) le~ $ iknd (Ä) iz $ Hkkoh

2- (d) xjhc ([k) ,d (x) rhoz

(?k) mPpdksfV (Ä) Ng

3- (d) cuk;k FkkA ([k) fy[k nsrs FksA (x) NksM+ jgh FkhA (?k) gks tkrs FksA (Ä) jgrh FkhA

117

mRrj

vifBr xn~;ka'k 1- (d) (ii) Mj yxk ([k) (ii) NksVh mM+ku (x) (iii) lius (?k) (ii) ckgjh eu (Ä) (i) ?kweuk pkgrk Fkk 2- (d) vtuch 'kCn fpfM+;k osQ fy, iz;ksx fd;k gSA og ?kj osQ tkus&igpkus fgLlksa dh iM+rky

djrh gS] rkfd ?kksalyk cuk losQA

([k) tc fpfM+;k ?kj esa vkdj viuh ”k:jr vkSj ilan dh txg [kkstus yxrh gS] rc irk py tkrk gS fd fpfM+;k osQ x`gizos'k dk ekSle 'kq: gks x;k gSA

(x) cM+s 'kha&'kha djosQ Mjkrs gSa] cPps ;gk¡&ogk¡ mldk ihNk djrs gSa vkSj ?kj dh vkSjrsa ckj&ckj mldk lkeku mBkdj f[kM+dh ls ckgj isaQd nsrh gSaA

(?k) og viuk lkeku pksap esa nckdj fruosQ ;gk¡&ogk¡ viuh ilan dh txgksa ij j[k nsrh gS vkSj iwjs ?kj dks viuh fpfp;kgV ls Hkj nsrh gSA fruosQ ckgj isaQd fn, tkus ij FkksM+h nsj 'kkar jgdj fiQj ls lkeku bdV~Bk djuk 'kq: dj nsrh gSA

(Ä) fpfM+;k isM+ u jgus dh otg ls] ?kksalys osQ fy, tgk¡ Hkh mi;qDr LFkku feyrk gS] ogha vk tkrh gSA ckj&ckj lkeu ckgj isaQosQ tkus osQ ckn Hkh mls vkl&ikl ?kksalyk cukus dk LFkku ugha feyrk] blfy, mls ykSVdj ogha vkuk iM+rk gSA

vifBr in~;ka'k 1- (d) ^nsoksa dh cLrh* ls rkRi;Z vehj yksxksa dh cLrh gSA

([k) e”knwjksa us cM+s&cM+s egy cukdj] ugjksa dk tky fcNkdj] catj /jrh ij iq"i f[kykdj bl /jrh dks lqanj cuk;kA

(x) os lHkh tks [ksrksa esa dk;Z djrs gSa] edku cukrs gSa] lM+d fuekZ.k dk;Z esa yxs gSa] tks ugjksa dk tky fcNkus esa yxs gSa] ,sls lHkh e”knwj blh Js.kh esa vkrs gSaA

(?k) /jrh ij fuekZ.k dk;Z djosQ] Hkou fuekZ.k gks ;k ck¡/ cukuk] iq"i f[kykuk gks ;k iQly mxkuk] bu lHkh dk;ks± osQ n~okjk e”knwj /jrh dk :i l¡okjrs gSaA

(Ä) 'kh"kZd µ e”knwj

2- (d) (iv) d"V dks lgus dh 'kfDr

([k) (iii) br (x) (i) fuMjrk

118

(?k) (iv) bZ'oj dks lnk Lej.k j[kuk

(Ä) (iii) os mudk lkeuk Lo;a djuk pkgrs gSa

ladfyr ewY;kaduµI 1- (d) (i) 'kwy (ii) iq.; (iii) nwj (iv) ej.k ([k) (i) fdrkcsa (ii) fyI+kQkI+ksQ (iii) lokfj;k¡ (iv) vk'kk,¡

(x) (i) fe=krk (ii) gksf'k;kjh 2- (d) (i) i=k (ii) laè;k ([k) (i) Ük`axkj (ii) vk'khokZn (iii) Ñr?u (iv) iz'kalk (x) (i) og dke;kc jghA (ii) mls csgn fujk'kk gqbZA 3- (d) (i) xkk;d (ii) j{kd ([k) (i) xf.kr $ bZ; (ii) mi $ ;ksx 4- (d) (i) (\) iz'uokpd fpg~u (ii) (&) ;kstd fpg~u

([k) (i) fe=k osQ firk dh e`R;q ij esjh Hkh vk¡[ksa Hkj vkb±A

(ii) lkjk fnu dke djrs&djrs esjh dej VwV xbZA

(iii) ujs'k tc Hkh cksyrk gS] vkx gh mxyrk fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA

5- (d) (iv) viuk ;kSou ([k) (iv) Lora=krk esa gh lPpk lq[k gS (x) (iv) nknh dks iSarhl lky igys dh ?kVuk ;kn Fkh

(?k) (ii) vaxzs”kh (Ä) (ii) LowQy osQ ckjs esa (p) (iii) uhyk igkM+ (N) (iii) cks> rFkk xoZ (t) (ii) ckrwuh fe=k ls cp tkrs 6- (d) (i) nksnkcsV~Vk f'k[kj ÅVh dk lcls Å¡pk LFkku gSA ;gk¡ ls ÅVh osQ vkl&ikl osQ {ks=k dk

[kwclwjr u”kkjk ns[kus dks feyrk gSA ;g ÅVh ls 10 fdyksehVj nwj gSA

(ii) nknh us MkWú izHkkr ls vk¡[kksa dk bykt djokus ls euk dj fn;k] D;ksafd izHkkr us cpiu esa rhu fiYyksa dh vk¡[kksa esa vkd osQ iRrksa dk nw/ Mkydj va/k dj fn;k FkkA

(iii) oSD;we V~;wCl osQ iz;ksx ls oaQI;wVj dk vkdkj Hkkjh&Hkjde gks x;kA mldh V~;wCl vkdkj esa cM+h rFkk vf/d xjeh mRiUu djrh Fkha rFkk muesa VwV&iwQV vkSj ”;knk [kjkch gksus dh laHkkouk jgrh FkhA

(iv) fiatjs esa iaNh dks lhfer LFkku gh feyrk gSA og mM+ ugha ikrk gSA og mM+us dk iz;kl Hkh ugha djrk] blfy, mldh 'kfDr lekIr gks tkrh gSA

(v) euq"; dks /jrh dk vk'khokZn rHkh feysxk] tc og izÑfr osQ fudV jgsxkA lHkh d"Vksa dks lgu djsxkA

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7- bl dgkuh dk uke ^'kkieqfDr* iw.kZ :i ls mfpr gSA nknh us eaVw dks mlosQ xyr dk;Z djus osQ fy, 'kki fn;k FkkA eaVw us izk;f'pr fd;kA cM+s gksdj us=k fpfdRld cudj dbZ yksxksa dks vk¡[kksa dh jks'kuh nhA mlosQ usd dk;Z osQ dkj.k nknh us mls 'kki ls eqDr fd;kA

8- ;fn gesa jkLrs esa iM+h dksbZ oLrq fey tk,] rks ge ml oLrq osQ ckjs esa iwNrkN djsaxs fd og fdlh dh rks ughaA ;fn mlosQ ekfyd dk irk ugha pyk] rks iqfyl dks ns nsaxsA

9- ^nks iaNh* dfork esa gesa ou osQ iaNh dk thou vPNk yxk D;ksafd og Lora=krk dk thou th jgk gSA Lora=k thou ekufld o vkfRed 'kkafr igq¡pkrk gSA Lora=k thou esa vusd ckj lq[k&lqfo/kvksa dk vHkko gksrk gS rFkk dfBukb;k¡ >syuh iM+rh gSa] ijarq O;fDr ;g lkspdj larq"V jgrk fd og fdlh osQ v/hu ugha gSA Lora=krk lHkh dks fiz; gksrh gSA dksbZ Hkh izk.kh fdlh izdkj dk ca/u vius thou esa ugha pkgrkA ge lHkh dks iz;kl djuk pkfg, fd gekjs n~okjk fdlh dh Lora=krk [krjs esa u iM+sA


ladfyr ewY;kaduµII 1- (d) (i) iSls (ii) laLÑfr;k¡ (iii) njok”ks (iv) dgkfu;k¡

([k) (i) nqHkkZX; (ii) xje (iii) ?k`.kk (iv) fo'ks"k (x) (i) vkdk'k (ii) dk¡Vk (iii) iou (iv) /jk 2- (d) (i) fon~;ky; (ii) Nk=kkokl (iii) dih'k (iv) dohanz

([k) (i) [kaM $ br (ii) [kq'k $ gky (iii) nfjnz $ rk (iv) 'kfDr $ 'kkyh (x) ckck us dgk] ^^eSa ea=kh osQ ikl tk jgk gw¡A**

3- (d) (i) ljy okD; (ii) la;qDr okD; (iii) feJ okD; ([k) (i) tkfrokpd (ii) Hkkookpd (iii) O;fDrokpd (iv) tkfrokpd 4- (d) (i) ge µ iqjQ"kokpd (ii) eSaus µ iq#"kokpd] Lo;a µ futokpd

([k) (i) dh vksj (ii) esa 5- (d) (ii) fujhg vkSj lqanj ([k) (ii) ik¡pksa bafnz;k¡ (x) (iii) uhfroqQ'ky o vuqHkoh Fks (?k) (ii) efj;EebZ nsoh dks

(Ä) (iv) chl lky (p) (iii) Hkh[kw vghj osQ ?kj

(N) (iii) ykmMLihdj dk iz;ksx (t) (ii) 'kwyksa dh

6- (i) mudh rhoz cqn~f/ dks ns[kdj vaxzs”k tt Hkh izHkkfor gks tkrs FksA /hjs&/hjs mudk uke vPNs odhyksa esa fy;k tkus yxkA

(ii) eaf”ky ij c<+usokys ;fn f”kn ij vM+ tk,¡ rks vkdk'k Hkh muosQ dneksa esa >qd tkrk gS vFkkZr cM+h&ls&cM+h eqlhcrsa Hkh mudk oqQN ugha fcxkM+ ldrhA

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(iii) clar NksVk ,oa xjhc Hkys gh Fkk] ij esgurh vkSj bZekunkj Fkk] blfy, jktfd'kksj th mls cpkuk pkgrs FksA

(iv) >kj[kaM dh NÅ yksdu`R; 'kSyh dks ,d 'kkgh ifjokj us lajf{kr j[kk gSA blesa urZd Hkxoku] i'kq] i{kh] f'kdkjh] banz/uq"k] iwQy vkfn dk :i /kj.k djrk gSA og NksVs&ls izlax dk vfHku; Hkh djrk gS] blfy, bls vuwBh dgk x;k gSA

(v) cw<+s ckck us dgk fd ftlosQ ikl 'kjhj osQ :i esa ,d Hkou] nk¡rksa osQ :i esa cRrhl ukSdj vkSj bafnz;ksa osQ :i esa ik¡p lsfodk,¡ gksa] og nfjnz ugha gksrkA

7- dksbZ ?kk;y i'kq&i{kh feyus ij ge mldh ns[kHkky djsaxsA mls i'kq&if{k;ksa osQ MkWDVj osQ ikl ys tk,¡xsA mlosQ [kkus&ihus dk è;ku j[ksaxsA mls lqjf{kr txg ij j[ksaxsA (fon~;kFkhZ vius fopkj Hkh fy[k ldrs gSaA)

8- fofHkUurk esa ,drk osQ dkj.k gh Hkkjr dh igpku gSA fofHkUu /eZ] tkfr] laiznk;] [kku&iku] jgu&lgu] igukok] tyok;q lc oqQN vyx gS] fiQj Hkh Hkkjr ,d gSA Hkkjr ,d xqynLrs dh rjg gS] ftlesa lHkh blosQ fofHkUu jaxksa osQ iq"i gSa tks mlosQ lkSan;Z dks nqxuk djrs gSaA Hkkjr dh lqanjrk vrqY; gS] fiQj og d'ehj gks ;k osQjy] lHkh vksj lkSan;Z osQ n'kZu gksrs gSaA dchj us dgk Fkkµdksl&dksl ij cnys ok.kh] pkj dksl ij ikuhA ;gk¡ /eZ vkSj tkfr dh fofHkUurk ugha] FkksM+h&FkksM+h nwjh ij Hkk"kk] rks Hkk"kk ikuh dk Lokn Hkh cny tkrk gSA Hkkjr dh laLÑfr lpeqp vn~Hkqr gS] bldh rqyuk vlaHko gSA

9- izÑfr ekuo dh lgpjh gSA izÑfr ugha] rks euq"; ughaA ekuo thou esa isM+ksa dk fo'ks"k egRRo gSA isM+ gekjs n~okjk NksM+h xbZ nwf"kr ok;q dks xzg.k dj gesa thounkf;uh vkWDlhtu iznku djrs gSa] ftls xzg.k dj ge thfor jgrs gSaA ;fn /jrh ij isM+ ugha gksaxs] rks ekuo thou Hkh u gksxkA vkt euq"; LokFkhZ cu isM+ksa dks dkV jgk gSA ;fn /jrh isM+ksa ls jfgr gksrh gS] rks thou ls Hkh jfgr gksxhA bls cpkus gsrq euq"; dks vf/d&ls&vf/d isM+ yxkus gksaxsA viuh ”k:jrksa dks de djuk gksxk] rHkh vkus okyh larkuksa osQ fy, ge gjh&Hkjh /jrh NksM+dj tk ldrs gSa] rHkh bl /jk ij thou jg ldrk gSA

8 ubz lokfr - saraswatihouse.com · vuqlkj pysxk rfkk izÑfr osq fudv jgsxk] ogh izÑfr dh...

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