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Integrated Management of Cultural Landscape in France
The Grands Sites de France Policy & Experience
Anne Vourc’h, Director, Réseau des Grands Sites de France
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The "Grands Sites”, iconic landscapes
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• Protected by a powerful law dating back to 1906 / 1930
Very well known and iconic landscapes in France
High tourism pressure
But the reality is often less beautiful …
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The crowd• congested sites• invasion of vehicules
Damages to the site• where is “the spirit of the place” ?• erosion• garbage• damaged landscapes
Inconvenience to local residents• traffic jam• disturbances• leisure / work
A reputation that benefits poorly local economy
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Grands Sites de France : a national policy
A policy launched by the state in 1976 - Rehabilitate degraded sites- Manage sites in an active way - Better reception of visitors, flow controle- Organise a more sustainable tourism - Generate local benefits for residents
Lauched by the ministry in charge of the environment
Partnership with local authorities
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Grand Site de France : the Label
Belongs to the State, created in 2002 and managed by the Ministry of Ecology
Recognizes the role of the local management body
A label of sustainable management / development
Only 14 sites officially awarded, others under process to get it one day
Given for 6 years only (renewable)
Protection and conservation with a special attention to values and the spirit of the site
Tourism flow management Open to large numbers of
visitors with a focus on interpretation
Need of balance between visitors (tourism) and inhabitants (daily life)
Contribution to the sustainable economic and social development of the area
Sustainable site management Partnership
A label of sustainable development
site
visitors inhabitants
Grand Site de France
Aven d'Orgnac, 2004
Sainte Victoire, 2004 Pointe du Raz, 2004
Pont du Gard, 2004
Bibracte Mont Beuvray, 2007
Puy de Dôme, 2008
Saint Guilhem le désert Gorges de l'Hérault (2010)
Marais Poitevin (2010)
Les Deux Caps Blanc-Nez Gris-Nez (2011)
Grand Site de France
Puy Mary – Volcan du Cantal (2012)Massif du Canigò (2012)
Baie de Somme, 2011 Massif du Canigo, 2012
Puy Mary Volcan du Cantal, 2012Solutré Pouilly Vergisson, 2013
Grand Site de France
Camargue gardoise, 2014
Grands Sites de France
Cartouches Aven d’Orgnac et Gorges du Gardon en cours de création
The Grand Site de France approach Elaborate a global territorial project from a protected
outstanding core
Proprose amenities respecting the identity of the place
Tourism flow management
Tourism that offers a particular experience of places
Beauty and quality of places, "accessible" for all
Inhabitants, fundamental actors of the project
To set up a partnership and perennial management / governance of the site
In reference to the 1972 World Heritage Convention (article 5 in particular)
Reminder : What we are looking for, our goals
1. To help each "Grand site" yo (re)discover its beauty, charm, value and all the qualities that motivated its protection
1. To bring them to landscape and environmental excellence
2. With a perennial and exemplary management from a sustainable development perspective
3. To make the public feeling the spirit of the place, to experience the site, to discover it in all its facets and to feel welcomed
4. To make it a leverage of sustainable local development, and of a territorial dynamic, in a shared governance.
Les sites “ponctuels”, propriété publique
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Aven d’OrgnacArdèche
Protected area : 390 ha Grand Site (project area) : 390
ha 2 municipalities
Attendance : 153 000 visitors
Pont du GardGard
Classified site : 407 ha Perimeter GS : 165 ha
3 municipalitiesAttendance : 1 200 000
visitors
Direct management of a public site Examples : Bibracte Mont Beuvray, Pont du Gard, Aven d'Orgnac
Les sites “territoire”
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Puy Mary, Volcan du CantalCantal
Classified site : 8 535 ha Perimeter GSF : 36 000 ha
13 municipalities500 000 visitors/year
Sainte-VictoireBouches du Rhône
Classified site : 23.337 ha Perimeter GSF : 35 000 ha
14 municipalities1 000 000 visitors/year
Governance of a large scale site / territory
Cultural landscape ...
• "Combined works of nature and humankind"
• "A concrete and characteristic product of the interplay between a given human community, embodying certain cultural preferences and potentials, and a particular set of natural circumstances"
• Landscape management must consider the interplay between the values of nature and the values of culture
• " A management that integrates some activities, from the conception phase, all the ecological, economic and social factors linked to them "
• And for heritage site ?
• A management based on the cultural and heritage value of the places
• A holistic view of the sites
Integrated management ?
• To set up policies for the protection, conservation and presentation of heritage
• To give the heritage a function
• To develop studies and research
• To mobilize actors and civil society
• To share the values and knowledge about heritage
• Heritage and contribution to cultural, social and economical development
UNESCO : Convention Concerning the Protection of World Heritage (1972)
Council of Europe : Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage or Faro Convention (2005)• To promote respect for the integrity of cultural heritage• To define and promote principles for sustainable management• To promote high quality of interventions• To use the economic potential of the cultural heritage• To promote an integrated and well-informed approach by public
authorities • To develop innovative ways for public authorities to co-operate with
other actors• To take into consideration the value attached by each heritage
community to the cultural heritage with which it identifies• To take steps to improve access to the heritage• To encourage interdisciplinary research on cultural heritage
Integration…
• Values
• Different professional cultures
• Scales
• Stakes
of what ? with whom ? by whom ?
Integration ? ... Site values
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Visitor centre of Grand Site Sainte VictoireInhabitants talk about "their" Sainte Victoire
Integration ? … Professional cultures and skills
http://www.baie-mont-saint-michel.fr
Integration ? … Stakes (heritage protection, local development, rehabilitation & employment, social inclusion…)
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• Consider all aspects of the site management in a sustainable perspective
• Site knowledge (scientific studies)
• Site conservation
• Integration into the local economy
• Visitors reception, transmission
• Community involvement
A global consideration
• Preservation of the integrity of sites (urban pressure, overcrowding)
• Degradation of remains (atmospheric and human factors), and species
• Degradation of the environment of sites• Choice of relevant protection / restoration measures• Reception (quality of services, cultural content)• Local participation – the involvement of inhabitants• Economic and social impact of the site• Mobilization of ressources for site maintenance• The effectiveness of public action
Interests of integrated management
Les partenaires du gestionnaire
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➜ State (regulatory role, often owner and funder, often multiple : Culture, Tourism, Environment, Research ….)
➜ Local authorities (despite their historically low competence in the field)
➜ Civil society (local actors : heritage protection associations, environmental groups, tourist operators …)
➜ Scientific communities (that contribute to the knowledge of the site)
➜ National and international competence networks (UNESCO, ICOMOS, IUCN, site managers …)
➜ Site manager : the role of conductor
The manager and other stakeholders
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Missions :
Development of a strategy for the GS and implementation of OGS program
Management, maintenance of particular elements
Coordination of different public policies
Participation of residents
Knowledge and action, evaluation
“Grand Site de France” Management / local governance
Multidisciplinary team :
Skills suited to the type of heritage (landscape, archeology, history, ecology, agronomy, architecture…)
Mediation and heritage interpretation
Local development
Tourism
… sens of listening and dialogue
… and pragmatism
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Site manager, a "new" profession based on consultation to :
Exchange with national and local authorities and with local stakeholders in order to share the same values and to decide on the main guidelines➜ Steering groups, think-tanks …
Exchange with other site managers and experts to enhance their skills and improve their practices➜ Conferences➜ National networks (national associations of heritage sites)➜ International networks (ICOMOS, forum UNESCO-University…)➜ Training session➜ Twinning➜ Expert visits …
Pôle international francophone de formation et d’échanges des gestionnaires de sites
patrimoniaux
http://polepatrimoine.org
LE RESEAU INTERNATIONAL ET SES OUTILS Plateforme d'échanges [email protected] - 93 membres de 28 pays Centre de documentation en français - environ 200 documents et liens
LA FORMATION pour les professionnels, en poste Formation internationale "Construire ensemble l'avenir des sites patrimoniaux : Elaborer et mettre en oeuvre une gestion durable" Ateliers de travail : France, Burkina Faso, Sénégal, Mali
LA COOPERATION Coopération décentralisée, entre sites Appui à la mise en place de politiques nationales