8b-membrane technology
TRANSCRIPT
Zaini Ujang 1
Membrane Technology
Source: ZAINI UJANG
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Zaini Ujang 2
Why Membrane?
Zaini Ujang 3
Why Membrane?
Modular design, compact Small foot-print Continuous process, automation Good separation No phase and temperature change Easy for reuse, recycle
Zaini Ujang 4
Why Use Low-Pressure Membrane?
Low fouling problems Low compaction on membrane surface Less energy consumption Relatively easier cleaning procedure Relatively cheaper Relatively easier maintenance
Zaini Ujang 5
Fouling on Membrane Surface
Old UnderstandingOld UnderstandingPermeate
Zaini Ujang 6
Permeate flow decline in membrane operation
m3/h
Days
Zaini Ujang 7
Conventional Solution to Fouling Problem
Back washing
Mechanical cleaning
Chemical cleaning
Ultrasonic cleaning
Change membrane module
Engage membrane manufacturer
Zaini Ujang 8
New Solutions to BioFouling
Back washing
Chemical cleaning
Change membrane module
Biotech solution
Zaini Ujang 9
Fouling on Membrane Surface
Old UnderstandingOld UnderstandingPermeate
Fluid flow
Retente
Zaini Ujang 10
Biofouling on Membrane Surface
New UnderstandingNew UnderstandingPermeate
Zaini Ujang 11
Biofouling on Low-Pressure Membrane Surface
New UnderstandingNew UnderstandingPermeate
Biofilm
Zaini Ujang 12
Biofouling on High-Pressure Membrane
New UnderstandingNew UnderstandingPermeate
Biofilm
Zaini Ujang 13
Chemical Cleaning of Biofoulants
Permeate
Zaini Ujang 14
Backwash on Low-Pressure Membrane
New UnderstandingNew Understanding
Biofilm
Backwash
Zaini Ujang 15
Backwash on Low-Pressure Membrane
New UnderstandingNew Understanding
Biofilm
Backwash
Zaini Ujang 16
Backwash on Low-Pressure Membrane
New UnderstandingNew Understanding
Backwash (Plus Chemicals)
Zaini Ujang 17
Why Immersed Membrane?
Zaini Ujang 18
Why Immersed System?
Low pressure system Hybrid with biochemical processes Hybrid with chemical processes Less fouling problems Relatively easier cleaning procedure Less sludge or by-products production
Zaini Ujang 19
Conventional Membrane
Feed
Retente/Concentrate
Permeate
Zaini Ujang 20
Fig. Membrane plant for water treatment, Ogose Town, Japan
Zaini Ujang 21
Immersed Membrane
Aeration
Membrane
Feed
Permeate
Zaini Ujang 22
Immersed Membrane
(a) Flat Sheet Membrane (b) Hollow Fibre Membrane
Zaini Ujang 23
Zenon’s MF Hollow-Fibre Module
Zaini Ujang 24
Kubota’s MF Tubular (Ceramic)
Zaini Ujang 25
Immersed Membrane
Feed
Retente
Permeate
Zaini Ujang 26
Conventional Membrane
Feed
Retente/Concentrate
Permeate
Zaini Ujang 27
Membrane Bioreactor
Zaini Ujang 28
Membrane Bioreactor
Low pressure system Hybrid with biochemical processes Less fouling problems Relatively easier cleaning procedure Less sludge or by-products production
Zaini Ujang 29MBR Pilot Plants in Tokyo (a) Mitsubishi (b) KubotaMBR Pilot Plants in Tokyo (a) Mitsubishi (b) Kubota
BA
Zaini Ujang 30
MBR by Mitsubishi Rayon EngineeringMBR by Mitsubishi Rayon Engineering
Zaini Ujang 31
Mitsubishi Rayon Engineering MBR Mitsubishi Rayon Engineering MBR
Items Pilot Plant Conditions
Treatment Capacity (m3/d) 32-48
Type of filtration Continuous flow
Flux (m3/m2.d) Operating flux 0.5-0.7
Daily average 0.4-0.6
Intermittent operation (min) Operating: 8-12; Stop: 2
MLSS (g/L) 10
Air diffusion (m3/m2.s) 0.06
Retention time (h) 5.5 - 8.0
Recirculation ration 3
Zaini Ujang 32
Effluent of MBR from Mitsubishi Pilot PlantEffluent of MBR from Mitsubishi Pilot Plant
BOD < 10 mg/lSS < 5 mg/l
Treatedeffluent
Activated sludge
Feed
Zaini Ujang 33
Financial Comparison MBR with Conventional Activated SludgeFinancial Comparison MBR with Conventional Activated Sludge
Items MBR CAS
Sludge (m3/day) 0.069 0.963Operating cost* ($/day) 8.37 11.25Sludge treatment* ($/day0 34.65 48.3Running cost 72% 100%Space 30% 100%
* Price for electricity at US$0.075Source: MRC, 1997 (in Visvanathan et al., 2000)
Zaini Ujang 34
Terminology:
MBR Confusion?
Activated sludge membrane reactor (Yamamoto et al.)
Membrane process for biomass retention (Anderson et al., 1984)
Membrane separation bioreactor (Yamamoto et al.)
Integrated type membrane separation activated sludge (Takeuchi et al., 1990)
Membrane bioreactors (most authors)
Zaini Ujang 35
Why MBR for Industrial Wastewater Treatment?
Small foot print Concentrate sludge Reduce sludge disposal Better solid-liquid separation
Zaini Ujang 36
Problems Associated of Activated Sludge System
Maintaining young sludge Separation between sludge-supernatant Foaming Bulking Large foot print for clarifiers
Zaini Ujang 37
Why MBR for Wastewater Treatment?
Effluent
SludgeReturn sludge
Primary clarifier Secondary clarifier
Bioreactor
Activated Sludge SystemActivated Sludge System
Sludge
Zaini Ujang 38
MBR for Wastewater Treatment
Effluent
SludgeReturn sludge
Primary clarifier Membrane Unit
Bioreactor
Activated Sludge Membrane SystemActivated Sludge Membrane System
Sludge
Zaini Ujang 39
MBR for Wastewater Treatment
Effluent
Bioreactor
Activated Sludge Membrane System
Influent
Zaini Ujang 40
Features of Membrane Application in Biological Wastewater Treatment
Solid/liquid separation
Aeration
Dialysis
Zaini Ujang 41
Features of Membrane Application in Biological Wastewater Treatment
Solid/liquid separation
External membrane Immersed membrane
Zaini Ujang 42
Features of Membrane Application in Biological Wastewater Treatment
Aeration
Diffuse/fine bubble aeration Diffuse aeration &biofilm
Oxygen/airOxygen/air
Zaini Ujang 43
Features of Membrane Application in Biological Wastewater Treatment
Dialysis
Recycling biomedium contains extracted priority pollutants
Effluent
Membranemodule
Nutrients
Influent
Extraction of priority pollutantsExtraction of priority pollutants
Zaini Ujang 44
MBR for Wastewater Treatment
Organic removal
Nitrification-denitrification
Phosphorus removal
Zaini Ujang 45
MBR for Wastewater Treatment
Effluent
SludgeReturn sludge
Primary clarifier Membrane
Bioreactor
Activated Sludge Membrane SystemActivated Sludge Membrane System
First Generation MBR
Sludge
Secondaryclarifier
For polishing
Zaini Ujang 46
MBR for Wastewater Treatment
Effluent
SludgeReturn sludge
Primary clarifier
Bioreactor
Activated Sludge Membrane SystemActivated Sludge Membrane System
Second Generation MBR
Sludge
Secondaryclarifier
For Reuse
Chlorination/Disinfection
Zaini Ujang 47
MBR for Wastewater Treatment
Effluent
SludgeReturn sludge
Primary clarifier Membrane Unit
Bioreactor
External membrane systemExternal membrane system
Third Generation MBR
SludgePolishing &
Compact
Zaini Ujang 48
MBR for Wastewater Treatment
EffluentPrimary clarifier
Bioreactor
Immersed membrane system Immersed membrane system
Fourth Generation MBR
Sludge
Compact, Advanced
Treatment &Reuse
Zaini Ujang 49
MBR for Wastewater Treatment?
EffluentBioreactor
Immersed Membrane System Without Clarifiers
Immersed Membrane System Without Clarifiers
Fifth Generation MBR
AdvancedTreatment,
Reuse & Compact
Zaini Ujang 50
MBR for Wastewater Treatment?
EffluentBioreactor
Membrane System Without ClarifiersMembrane System Without Clarifiers
Sixth Generation MBR
Improvement on energy saving & cleaning methodsusing strong bubble aeration & hollow fiber
Zaini Ujang 51
Hollow-Fibre MBR
Bubblesfromdiffusers
Hollow fiber membranes
Wastewater
Diffusers
Feed
Zaini Ujang 52
MBR for Wastewater Treatment
Effluent
Bioreactor
Membrane as Solid/Liquid Separation & Air Diffuser
Membrane as Solid/Liquid Separation & Air Diffuser
Seventh Generation MBR
Air
Feed
Treatment& Aeration
Zaini Ujang 53
MBR for Wastewater Treatment
Effluent
Bioreactor
Sequencing Batch Membrane Bioreactor
Sequencing Batch Membrane Bioreactor
Eighth Generation MBR
FeedSimultaneous
organic &nutrient removal
Zaini Ujang 54
MBR for Wastewater Treatment
Effluent
Bioreactor
PAC / Membrane Bioreactor
PAC / Membrane Bioreactor
Ninth Generation MBR
FeedSimultaneous
organic &nutrient removal
PAC
Zaini Ujang 55
Problems of Membrane Bioreactor
Overflow of mixed liquor Irregular condition of sludge Biofouling during anaerobic stage Low water level during influent low flowrate Old sludge, less productivity