April Morning .1Vocabulary:

Superstition:Excessively credulous belief in and reverence for supernatural beings.

Gratified:Give pleasure or satisfaction.

Enlightened:Having or showing a rational, modern, and well-informed outlook.

Deemed:Regard or consider in a specified way.

Contemplating:Look thoughtfully for a long time at.

Sufficiently:Enough.

Appreciatively:Recognize the full worth of.

Indignation:Anger or annoyance provoked by what is perceived as unfair treatment.

Provoking:Annoy or give rise to (a reaction or emotion, typically a strong or unwelcome one) in someone.

Fortnight:Two weeks.

Cozen:Trick or to deceive.

Pretense:An attempt to make something that is not the case appear true.

Atheist:A belief that God does not exist.

Opinionated:

Conceitedly assertive and dogmatic in one's opinions.

Dissenters:A person who dissents.

Yeoman:A man holding and cultivating a small landed estate.

Manifesto:A public declaration of policy and aims.

Discourse:Written or spoken communication or debate

Inherent:Existing in something as a permanent, essential, or characteristic attribute.

Speculating:Form a theory or conjecture about a subject without firm evidence.

Competition:The activity or condition of competing.

Acknowledgment:Acceptance of the truth or existence of something.

Humility:A modest or low view of one's own importance; humbleness.

Rancor:Bitterness or resentfulness.

Ominous:Giving the impression that something bad or unpleasant is going to happen.

Cronies:An old woman who is thin and ugly.

Compensation:Something, typically money, awarded to someone as a recompense for loss, injury, or suffering.

Doggerel:Comic verse composed in irregular rhythm.

Blasphemous:Sacrilegious against God or sacred things.

Argumentation:The action or process of reasoning systematically in support of an idea, action, or theory.

Disputation:Debate or argument.

Abomination:A thing that causes disgust or hatred.

Fillip:Movement made by bending the last joint of a finger against the thumb and suddenly releasing it.

Inviolate:Free or safe from injury or violation.

Cantankerous:Bad-tempered, argumentative, and uncooperative.

Enamored:In love with.

Discussion Questions and activities:

1. How would you describe the relationship between Adam and his father?They don’t have a good relationship they resent each other.

2. What does Adam do at the well while drawing water from it?His brother saw him casting a spell, which his father really hated.

3. Why is Adam’s father opposed to “magic spells”?His father hated spells and said, “They were worse than the instrument of the devil, they were the instrument of ignorance”

4. How does Adam’s mother think he should spend his time? What is the Holy writ?Her mother wants him to be studying the bible more. The Holy writ is also known as bible. 5. What is Adam’s complaint about Isaiah Peterkin?

Adam thinks that Isaiah Peterkin is wicked, hypocrite and ‘two faced’.

6. What does Granny accuse Adam of being? Is she right?Granny sees Adam spiteful. Granny is right because Adam always questions the intentions of the people around him

7. Why do the Coopers set an extra plate at their table?They set an extra plate on the table because it is a manifesto of hospitality, and invitation to anyone who crossed our threshold at mealtime.

8. Why does Mr. Cooper not bow his head at dinner during the blessing?He believed that we should stand face to face to our God, as befitting what He had created in His own image and should not bow our heads.

9. How does Granny tread her son (Adam’s father) at dinner?Granny treated her son Moses as if he was half grown.

10. Why is Adam’s father so angry with him at the dinner? What reasons does he give for his outrage?Adam’s father is really angry at him because he casted the spell on the water well and believed on superstition. His father despised superstition because it’s is a display of ignorance.

11. Why is Mrs. Copper’s grandfather Isaac an embarrassment to the family?His grandfather Isaac is an embarrassment to the family because he married two wife, one in Boston and one in Philadelphia.

12. Why has Joseph Simmons stopped by the Cooper House? Why do you think Moses Cooper does not like what Joseph has written?Cousin Simmons has been tasked with the committee to write a statement on the rights of man, and he shared the draft to Moses. Moses disagrees with the opening statement that the rights of man are derived from God and His will: he believes such a religious approach does not suit the needs of the statement, that it only muddies the issues unnecessarily.

13. How does Adam feel about his father? Is this true?

Adam feels that his father has always underestimated and hates him for not being man enough and ignorant for his age. Yes it is true because he always find faults in him.

14. Why is Adam’s brother Levi scared of him?His brother is scared of him because Adam might lick him especially when he reported Adam to their father.

15. What words might you use to describe Levi? Levi is fearful and do what is right like telling his father what Adam did.

Prediction:

Will Adam resolve his problems with his father? How will he prove that he is a man?Yes he can prove he’s a man by joining his father in the battle against the British Military.

April Morning .2

Vocabulary:

SuetThe hard white fat on the kidneys of animals.

The early people are using suet to make candles and wax.

ConciliativeStop from being angry or discontented.

After the peace talk with the president, the realist become conciliative and calm.

ControversyDisagreement, typically when prolonged, public, and heated.

The media was feasting from the controversy of the nude pictures of Princess Kate Middleton in France.

AssessmentThe evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality, or ability of someone or something.

The teachers are busy in making their annual assessments of the learning performance of the students.

DeferredPut off to a later time; postpone.

The launching of the latest Apple Ipad was deferred due to some technical problems.

SiegeA military operation in which enemy forces surround a town or building, cutting off essential supplies, with the aim of compelling the surrender of those inside.

The siege to Iraq is always in dangerous circumstances.

FortnightA period of two weeks.

Every fortnight I dream about some thing scary.

OrthodoxConforming to what is generally or traditionally accepted as right or true.

Bisexual marriage is always been questioned if its orthodox or not to some people.

PresumptuousFailing to observe the limits of what is permitted or appropriate.

Some politicians are presumptuous to power and wealth when they are in the government positions.

Apocryphaldoubtful authenticity, although widely circulated as being true

The Da Vinci Code is apocryphal in the people’s beliefs.

EgalitariansRelating to, or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.

Martin Luther King is a famous egalitarian who help freed the blacks from slavery.

FrayUnravel or become worn at the edge, typically through constant rubbing.

It irritates me that my older brother always pushes me to a fray. 

KindredOne's family and relations.

 I am going to visit my kindred in Scotland this Christmas.

CantankerousBad-tempered, argumentative, and uncooperative.

My members do not want to include Paul in the group because he is cantankerous.

BelligerentHostile and aggressive.

A soldier should  not be hostile and aggressive in handling military strategies

IndignationAnger or annoyance provoked by what is perceived as unfair treatment.

The student council was surprised with the indignation showed by the president of the school.

SkulkKeep out of sight, typically with a sinister or cowardly motive.

The husband is annoyed because his wife skulking and complaining the whole day.

DastardlyWicked and cruel.

The manager treats his employees dastardly at work.

OratoryA small chapel for private worship

Sylvia was awarded as a grand prize winner in the Oratory Contest.

DenunciationPublic condemnation of someone or something.

The reporter was sued for the denunciation of an actor in Hollywood.

SympatheticFeeling, showing, or expressing sympathy.

She is very sympathetic of the victims of earthquake in Haiti.

AdamantRefusing to be persuaded or to change one's mind.

The mayor of the province is so adamant from the plea of the poor farmers.

MelancholyA deep, pensive, and long lasting sadness.

Her melancholy is sending negative vibes to the people around her.

TrifleA thing of little value or importance.

PiousDevoutly religious.

DyspepsiaIndigestion.

MorbidCharacterized by or appealing to an abnormal and unhealthy interest in disturbing and unpleasant subjects, esp. death and disease

MisbegottenBadly conceived, designed, or planned.

BigamistThe act of going through a marriage ceremony while already married to another person.

BigotA person who is bigoted.

ContradictoryMutually opposed or inconsistent.

TwinedStrong thread or string consisting of two or more strands of hemp, cotton, or nylon twisted together.

SarcasmThe use of irony to mock or convey contempt.

VirtuousHaving or showing high moral standards.

Back in old days, men must be virtuous other wise they will be seen as rude.

DeriveObtain something from.

I derived the prize of me winning the contest from the consoler.

Discussion Questions and Activities:

1. What is decided at the committee meeting on each of the following issues: Financed, weapons, and Drilling?They decided that weapons should being kept in their own house, 3 pence per member to be paid, and drilling will commence in the commons with the help of a person from Concord.

2. Why doesn’t the town need a newspaper?Many scholars feel it was journalism, which won the war for the Americans since it shaped public opinion and spread news of the British abuses

3. Why are the men apprehensive about keeping minutes of their meeting?Because they didn’t want to risk it falling in to the wrong hand because it was all against the British military and governance. The meeting is illegal and very dangerous.

4. Why do so many invest in the slave trading business.Because the people that invests in the slave trading business earns a lot of money

5. Why doesn’t Joseph Simmons talk about or refer to his four brothers in any way?Cousin Simmons was the town blacksmith and had broken off relations with his brothers when they decided to invest in slavers.

6. How would you describe the relationship between Adam and Ruth?Adam thinks Ruth Simmons is beautiful and admires her for who she is. When Adam goes to visit her, he lets out all the frustration he has inside about his father's belittling.

7. What offer has uncle Ishmael made to Adam? Why does Adam feel he should now accept this offer?Uncle Ishmael offers Adam to go out the sea with him but his father set a trap for his son. Adam feel he should now accept this offer because he want to get away from his dad and make his dad think that he is a real man but his father thinks differently

8. Why is Levi cleaning Adam’s gun? Why do you think Mother is so upset about Levi saying he could kill a red coat soldier?Levi was cleaning Adam’s gun because he want’s to kill some ‘red coats’ and imagining what if he put a real musket ball in it. His mother was upset because he was talking in such a poor manner

9. Using a T-chart, Begin a comparison of Adam and his brother Levi

Comparison of Adam Cooper and Levi CooperAdam Cooper Levi Cooper

Adam is disobedient. He does not obey his parents most of the time and defy things that are against their rule and what they want.

Levi is obedient. He obeys his parents orders and lessons.

Adam is brave. He doesn’t fear to fight Levi can be fearsome. He hid from his

the British army. He even volunteered to join the battle.

brother for the fear that he will be beaten or confronted because he reported his casting of spells to their father.

He is curious and discerning. He is curious about some information and facts of life and the bible teachings. He discerns some laws and intents of the other people like his Isaiah Peterkin.

He accepts what his father thought about superstitions and do not question it.

Adam is determined. He continued to fight the battle even though he has witnessed the death of his father.

Levi is determined. He wanted to kill the red coat soldiers that he even got and cleaned Adam’s gun.

Levi is irresponsible in doing his tasks like studying the bible. However, he has proven in the end that he could be responsible as he took charge of his family after the battle and death of his father.

Levi is responsible. He sees to it that he does his tasks and his parents orders.

10. What realization about Adam does Moses Cooper come to at the end of this chapter? What part does Granny play in his realization?Moses realized that his son Adam thinks that he hates him. He realized that he has been hard on Adam. Granny backed this up, adding that Moses takes after his stern father - and her dead husband - in pigheaded stubbornness and pride. Moses planned to Moses decides to rethink his treatment of Adam and let him know that he loves him.

Prediction:How will Moses treat his son Adam, Differently?Moses will give more respect to Adam by treating him more of a grown up. He will show how he loves him. And also Moses would try to reason with his son more and try to understand him more.

April Morning .3Vocabulary:

DistractionA thing that prevents someone from giving full attention to something else.

ApoplecticOvercome with anger; extremely indignant.

ImpertinenceNot showing proper respect; rude.

MonotheismThe doctrine or belief that there is only one God.

AnathemaSomething or someone that one vehemently dislikes.

PrecedenceThe condition of being considered more important than someone or something else; priority in importance, order, or rank.

ErraticNot even or regular in pattern or movement to be unpredictable.

PrudentActing with or showing care and thought for the future.

InterdictedAn authoritative prohibition.

DisdainThe feeling that someone or something is unworthy of one's consideration or respect; contempt.

EquitableFair and impartial.

ConfiscateTake or seize some thing with authority.

MusterTroops in inspection or in preparation for battle

IncumbentNecessary for someone as a duty or responsibility

VicinityThe area near or surrounding a particular place.

ImplicationThe conclusion that can be drawn from something, although it is not explicitly stated.

IncompetenceNot having or showing the necessary skills to do something successfully.

CowardiceLack of bravery.

TemporalRelating to worldly as opposed to spiritual affairs.

DeferenceHumble submission and respect.

BabbleTalk rapidly and continuously in a foolish, excited, or incomprehensible way.

CeremonialRelating to or used for formal events of a religious or public nature.

SalientMost noticeable or important.

SedateCalm, dignified, and unhurried.

ProvidentialOccurring at a favorable time; opportune.

TiradeA long, angry speech of criticism or accusation.

Discussion Questions and Activities:

1. What does Adam tell his brother Levi is the reason for his dreams and nightmare?Adam tried to dismiss Levi's dream as a silly nightmare, attributing the imagery to all the time Levi and his friends were playing war. Adam said that Levi and his friends spend their time playing war and shooting redcoats. Levi has always have

the color red in his mind even when he is asleep; and that was the reason he dreamt of a red sky.

2. Why does the coming of the nightrider cause such excitement in the town?The night rider has caused excitement to the town because the he carries a very important news as he rode a warning express. The rider announced that the troops of Bristish army are coming in the concord.

3. Why is the British army headed toward Concord?The British army had marched out of Boston and were headed to Concord, to confiscate the store of military supplies the colonists are keeping in the town.

4. What are the four positions of actions to take about the coming of the British?1st position: Jonas Parker wanted an immediate muster of the militia since they have stored a hogshead of powder and lead shot that can be considered as their mustering point.2nd position: Moses Cooper resisted a militia muster because it is dangerous to arm every sleepy citizen in the community and someone was bound to get hurt. He pressed for a Committee meeting in the church first before they jump into wild conclusions.3rd position: The Reverend would like to check the facts first before they do anything. He didn’t even want to ring the bell yet unless they know where they stand before they go off half-cocked.4th position: Sam Hodley stated that it was much ado about nothing, and not for a minute did he believe a wild tale about British army marching up from Boston.

5. What argument does Moses Cooper use against the Reverend? Does it work?Moses Cooper argued that there is one certainty in this issue. It is their duty and oath in the holy name of freedom. He said that the committee is not nurtured to abandon it at the moment it faces war nor drilled a militia just to hide from the first glimpse of redcoats. He said that justice and right are on their side. Moses defended that they should not fear them and their course remains just the cause.His argument worked because he was able to convince the Reveren to allow them to ring the bell and muster the militia.

6. What is Adam’s reaction to his father’s heroic speech?Adam was so proud of his father that he felt like jumping and cheering. His skin prickled and his hair stood on end just listening. He whooped with the crowd and proud as a punch.

7. Why does Adam pray before going to sign the “muster book”? What is he afraid of?Adam prayed for his father not to look at him as nothing but a chicken thief caught in the act and tell him that he is no account and not to fit to stand in with the men in front of the crowd as he sign for the muster.

8. When standing before his father what is it that Adam notices about him for the first time?Adam noticed how strikingly handsome his father is and noticed the thawed strength of his massive brown arms and realized why men listened to him and heeded his words

9. What does it signify when Adam’s father allows him to sign the muster book?It signifies that he agreed and accepted him to be a part of the men who will fight against the British Army. It signifies respect of his decision and bravery.

10. What is Mrs. Cooper’s reaction to the events of the evening? How does she feel about Adam’s signing the muster book?Mrs. Cooper was against with the decision of Moses in allowing their son to sign the muster book. She argued that he is young and wanted Adam out of it. She was devastated and crying so hard for the fear she felt for Adam.

April Morning .4Vocabulary:

CatarrhThe sound that’s made before expectorating.

AdversityDifficulties; misfortune

PredilectionA preference or special liking for something…

VictualsFood or provisions, typically as prepared for consumption.

ScoreThe number of points.

DisdainThe feeling that someone or something is unworthy of one's consideration or respect.

GuffawedA loud and boisterous laugh.

SemblanceThe outward appearance or apparent form of something.

ContemptThe feeling that a person or a thing is beneath consideration, worthless, or deserving scorn.

MollifiedAppease the anger or anxiety of someone.

Disparitya great difference

DictateLay down authoritatively.

BelligerenceAggressive or warlike behavior.

ArdorEnthusiasm or passion.

IndignationAnger or annoyance provoked by what is perceived as unfair treatment.

PallA cloth spread over a coffin, hearse, or tomb.

DissipatingDisperse or scatter.

CanteredA three-beat gait of a horse or other quadruped between a trot and a gallop.

ConvulsivelyProducing or consisting of convulsions.

Discussion Questions and Activities:

1. What change does Adam observe that he has come over the town? Describe. Why are the men telling funny stories while standing around?

Adam noticed that the village was quiet. He can only hear single voices. The men joke and tell stories to keep their minds off the waiting, to stop from thinking about what could happen.

2. What is the disagreement between Moses Cooper and Simon Casper?

Casper tells the men to cock their guns in readiness but Moses Cooper insisted that the men not cock their guns for fear of an accident. He said that they are here to prevent the war, not to start a war.

3. Who is chosen to speak for the town? Why is he Chosen?

The Reverend was chosen as a spokesperson because he was unarmed. People also listen to him.

4. Why are the British so hated in Boston?

The British were so hated because of the atrocities they committed in Boston.

5. Describe the feeling Adam has when the British finally arrive. What descriptive words does he use?

When Adam saw the British, He felt fear. He felt it prickle on his spine and felt it like a weight in my belly and felt like a sickness around his heart and it’s accompanied by the steady, increasing roll of the redcoat drums.

6. What attitude do the British officers display when they come into town? What tone does Major Pitcarin use when addressing the people of the town?

The British officers were confidant and were smiling and grinning with a sneer. Major Pitcarin was screaming with motion, excitement and demeaning tone. He was ordering the revolutionists to, "Lay down your arms, you lousy bastards! Disperse, do you hear me! Disperse you lousy peasant scum! Clear the way, do you hear me! Get out the king's green."Mr. Pitcarin was harsh and cold.

7. Who is the first townsperson shot? Why do the townspeople break and run? Are they Cowards?

The first townperson shot was Moses Cooper. The townspeople break and run because the whole British front burst into a roar of sound.flame and smoke and the whole world crashed on them. They are not cowards, they were just protecting themselves and taken aback by the force of the british army. They are not also experienced in the war.

8. What is Adam’s Attitude now towards the people of his own town? Do you agree that they are “stupid people”? Why don’t the townspeople fire a single shot back after the British open fire?

Adam thought that the people of the town made a mistake. He thought that they were stupid, narrow and provincial people. Adam analyzed too that they are civilized people who have not really liked and believed in using guns and killing that explain the core reasons why they ran and didn’t even fire a single shot after the British open fire. He also thought that they were also not really ready for war but only to win their argument and talk the British out from their intention. I think they are not stupid. They were not just experienced in the battle and worse their leader Moses was shot first that could have caused the lost of their moral, focus and direction.

9. Why does Adam hide in the smokehouse? Is that honorable? What other choices does he have?Adam hid in the smokehouse because a soldier saw him and was running after him. He was there to save himself from being killed. He can go back home but he tried not to do it because it will not be safe for his family and he might also be seen since the redcoats are everywhere. Its not that its not honorable, but he had no option that time but to hide and collect himself first with the thought of what happened and the death of his father. He just did what was necessary for survival that time.

10. Compare and contrast the similarities and differences between the town militia and the read coat army using a T-chart.

Redcoat (British) Army Town MilitiaProper trained troops Town civilians, settlers.Proper military rifles Hunting rifles, etc.All wearing read coats Random clothingFights in a row Guerilla warfareOnly adults All ageGood medical treatment Poor medical treatmentTones of troops Shortage of people

Prediction:How will Adam assume leadership in his family? Do you think he is a coward? What will Levi think of him?

Adam promised himself that he would take care of Levi as if he is his father. Adam is not a coward. He didn't go back home and he even told Levi to tell their family not to worry about him. Levi will think of him as a brave and a courageous person for being by himself in the smoke house and this battle. Levi will think of him now as the source of strength of the family.

April Morning .5Discussion Questions and Activities

1. What attitude do the British soldier have toward the “Yankees”?The British soldiers do not trust the Yankees. They see them as tricky devils, not trustworthy and sly as women.

2. What three things prevent the British soldier from being able to catch Adam as he is running away?The British soldier wasn’t able to catch Adam when he was running away because the gun has misfired. Adam was also at his advantage when he reached the meadows for he ran so fast and had won many foot races. The soldiers were also slowed down and burden by their heavy uniforms.

3. How would you describe the Solomon Chandler’s philosophy of life?Chandler has a very positive philosophy in life. He thinks that life has a special quality of asserting itself and its important to learn from the life's lessons. Chandler also is very opening minded and not judgmental as he defended the farmers from not being cowards from running from the battle. He sees that the farmers’ don’t have the state of mind of killing for they are decent folks. He is very experienced in life that his philosophy in life is very positive and inspiring.

4. How does Chandler describe the men in the British army?Chandler described the British Army as stupid and ignorant. They are proud but they are actually illiterate. Half of them are convicts, cutthroats & footpads serving out the King's color instead in jail. They are poor, ignorant devils, with a religion as cloudy and superstitious as their minds. They are poor substitutes for machines that are told what to do and their life goes out when no one is telling them to do.

5. What word might you use to describe the British officer’s attitude toward “gillies”?I use "fool" to describe the officer's attitude toward the "gillies," for the lacks judgment and prudence. He looked down on the Americans, as he doesn’t see himself not acting gentleman and proper too.

6. As Adam retells the events of the day to his Cousin Dover what emotion does he find replacing his earlier emotion of grief?His emotion in telling his cousin has changed into anger. He told the story shorter, crisper abs harder. He didn’t cry anymore but he felt cold, bleak and controlled.

7.Why is Adam so glad to see Cousin Simmons?Adam was so glad to see his cousin Simmons because it comforted him even more meeting up with his kind, for he had felt the whole village had been killed that morning, and now he knows he is one of the many survivors.

Prediction:Based on what you have read, what prediction can you make about what is going to happen next in the book? What role do you think Adam and band of patriots will play?I predict that there is a new and brave Adam. Seeing the other survivals and realizing the good and noble cause of their doing will boost their morals and confidence. Adam and his band of patriots will play a very important role and that is to win over the redcoats and encourage more people to fight for the good cause.

Writing:Pretend that you are a member of the redcoat army. Write a letter to your family back in England describing the events of the morning. Use the chart below to organize your thoughts.Dear mother and father, I have fought with the revolutionary gillies here in America this morning. They were fools to think that they will win over our troop. They were so stupid to fight against us considering that they were outnumbered by us. They looked so dumb holding the guns that they have no experience of firing it in their whole life. They didn’t even able to fire back when we had our first shot. I was laughing in my head, for they looked like chickens running away from us. It was an easy battle and I killed a few. I am angry though that after that we need to march back even without sleep. I can’t wait to go back there and see you all.

Regards, Tony

April Morning .6Discussion Question and Activities:

1. As Adam sees more and more people from his town, what conclusion does he make?He concluded that there were fewer men who died from the battle that he had feared. This has inspired him to move on and continue to fight for a good cause.

2. What does Cousin Simmons offer to do for Adam? What promise does Adam make to Cousin Simmons concerning Ruth?He offered a bag of food to Adam. And I’m not sure about the promise.

3. What do the British soldiers find when they finally reach Concord? What had the hoped to find?The British soldiers failed to find the munitions because they have moved out of town before they came. There was also a conflict at the Old North Bridge with heavy casualties for the British.

4. What do you think the Reverend means when he says, “Nobody fights in God’s cause”?War is created by humans. God didn’t plan nor created the fights among men. The only thing that they can do is to trust God and seek help to end and survive the war.

5. Describe the plan of attack, which the men are going to use against the redcoats.

They used the guerrilla attack. They set up ambush and staying in groups of two and three rather than in clusters. They use their advantage at knowing the vicinity and their territory.

6. Why does Adam say they “respected” the redcoats?

Adam respected the redcoats for their trade of killing, for he himself felt nauseated for just holding his gun. Killing or being in war take a lot of courage.

7. What incident occur which Adam calls his “initiation to war and the insane symphony war plays”?

It was the time when the redcoats were coming after them and were exchanging gun fires. He realized that what happened to the common earlier was just fear and flight, while this incident is the definition of reality and what he has become.

8. What change has taken place in the redcoats since Adam saw them only hours before? Compare Adam’s feeling after his encounter with the redcoats to his feeling after the early morning meeting.

The redcoats looked different from a few hours before. They are anxious and wounded from other ambushes. They marched with bayonets fixed, and as fixed on their faces was anger, fear and torment.

9. Why do the men decide to separate into small groups of two or three rather than one large group?

They separated into small groups so that they cannot be readily seen and attacked one time by the redcoats especially that they are being outnumbered. Being in the small groups will allow them to cover more territories or places to do their ambushes of the redcoats.

10. What is it about the young dead redcoat, which so affects Adam?

The young redcoat is of the same age as Adam. He was distress of the sight of the other militiamen stealing things from the dead body of the redcoat. He felt the need to respect the dead and sympathetic of the soldier.

11. Why does Adam no longer feel any warmth toward Solomon Chandler?

Adam realized that Solomon Chandler likes the war and killing of the enemies. He bragged and was proud of killing an officer off his horse. Simmons becomes the mouthpiece for moderation and decency, yet determination. Simmons chases away the corpse robbers. Simmons is like him that who didn't like the war and the killing

12. Adam notices that the day, filled with horror, is also filled with instances of kindness. Name several.

He noticed the kindness showed by the Atkins women who fed them with pie and gave them water. He saw also acts of kindness, such as Doctor Cody saving the British soldier, and men carrying wounded neighbors on their backs.

13. Why do you think the men don’t kill the British rider whom they have wounded?

Despite the war, they felt sympathetic to the wounded soldiers. This also showed their decency in war just like Doctor Cody who even treated the wounded British army. The men just ordinary decent folks defending their own territory and rights and did not like the killing.

14. Begin a survival chart showing what the men of the redcoat army need to survive and how they obtain these necessities. What were the special difficulties the redcoats would have in finding these necessities?

Food:The redcoats can get food from hunting animals and shipments, also farms and resources.

The difficulties they might face is that they might have hunted too much animals, shipments got damaged or sunk, or drought. And many more

Water:The redcoats can get water from rivers, well, rain water and shipments (usually never happens).

The water might be polluted. The shipments might sink. Dirt rain down with the rain.

Shelter:The redcoats get portable tents; they use the housing, shelters that the runaway people had. They also had their own shelters that they build.

They might run out of the materials that they make the tent out of. The housing might be crappy.

Clothing:They get their clothing from shipments, mainly and some are made in the factories in America.

The shipment might sink; they might run out of materials.

Supplies:They get all their guns from shipments but, ammunitions can be build where ever they go, if they have the material.

Shipments might sink. Run out of iron and stuff.

Safety:The redcoats should just stay in a pile…that should be safe.

If they cuddle in a pile, they will get shot from directions.

Friends:They just make friends on the way of the marching or standby at the camp.

....What if he was the only one left or his friends all died.

April Morning .7Discussion Questions:

1. Why does Adam want to go home to Lexington?Adam had enough of war and killing. He was wondering that this war makes no sense and would rather want to go home.

2. Why do the men decide to go the town and attack the British and drive them out of the town?Apparently, they wanted the redcoats out of the town so they can retake the town. They also wanted to make the redcoats in pressure.

3. What prevents the redcoats from surrendering white flag mean? What does the patriot think the white flag means?They didn’t have anyone to surrender to.

4. What three reasons does Adam give for falling asleep during the battle?Adam was exhausted from the war and his body gave way and fell asleep. The waiting for the British and long exchange of gunshots made him fall asleep too. His sleeping is also an unconscious refusal to fight anymore and he succumbed to his fatigue rather than engage in more violence.

5. Why is Levi so surprised to see Adam? What questions does Levi have about the war? How do these questions show she is still a boy and has not grown up like Adam?Levi was surprised because they thought Adam died in the war. Levi asked him how many British soldiers he has killed. His questions showed that he is still a boy because he asked about how many soldiers he killed and disappointed when Adam said he didn’t know. He was just after the excitement of the idea of war, killing and winning but not realizing the true consequences and effects of war.

6. What is Mrs. Cooper’s attitude toward the defeat of the redcoats? Who does she think caused their defeat?She is happy that they won the battle,

7. What does Cousin Simmons mean when he says, “Moses Cooper was no saint?’Simmons said that his father was no saint but a patriot and that he died to defend his home.

8. An epitaph is an inscription on a tombstone in memory of the one buried there. Write a short verse, which might go on the tombstone of Adam’s father.“In a loving memory of the Moses Cooper who has selflessly fought the battle and offered his life for the love and glory of his country and his countrymen.”

April Morning .8Discussion Questions

1. As Adam walks across the common and remembers his childhood games, what does he realize?

2. What is the relationship between Adam and his brother Levi now?

3. Why does Mrs. Cooper give Adam candles to take to the meetinghouse?Because Granny didn’t have any sons left so, to show how sad they were, they gave him candles to

4. Does Adam believe that he has killed any redcoats?Well. He doesn’t want to remember himself killing any redcoats. But unfortunately, the truth is that he did kill quiet a few.

5. What advice does the Reverend give Adam about signing the muster?

6. To what question does Ruth Simmons press Adam for an answer?

7. What prediction does Granny make about Adam’s signing of the muster book?His Granny had a bad feeling before Adam signing the muster book, but unfortunately something actually happened

Prediction:Make your own prediction about Adam. Be prepared to defend your prediction. Will he fight again?

I predict that Adam will fight again. Firstly, he couldn’t answer right away Ruth if he is going to leave and fight again; secondly, in his heart there is no going back from this fight. He has embraced already the responsibility to fight and protect his family and his country.

If I were alive in the American Revolutionary period, I would have….

If I were alive in the American Revolutionary period, I would have fight the battle just like Adam and his people to protect the rights and the freedom of the Americans. I would have also encouraged people to claim their rights and not to be controlled and oppressed by the redcoats.

How has your life today been influenced by the acts of the early American patriots?I am influenced in terms of how I value freedom and civil rights. It is important that I am aware and appreciative of the freedom and rights that I have now in my generation. It inspired me also that a small voice or small defense can make a difference just like these patriots that who have won despite their weak defense and inferiority from the British colony. I value now the people who lost their lives to defend freedom all through out the history and I should have embrace the value of patriotism and loyalty to my country and my fellow men.