3/11/2014

1

Dr. Mostafa Elshahed

Eng. Amr Adel

Upon completing this course, the student should be able to:

� Learn a brief history of the electrical power systems

construction

� List and describe the different components of electrical power

systems

� Learn the per-unit system calculations

� Draw the single line diagram and impedance diagram

� Calculate the transmission lines parameters

� Formulate the various transmission lines models

Dr. M

ostafaElshahed

3/11/2014

2

Upon completing this course, the student should be able to:

� Establish the transmission lines performance

� Define the transformers and synchronous machines

representations

� Calculate the symmetrical faults variables

� Learn the principles of symmetrical components transformations

� Calculate the unsymmetrical faults variables

Dr. M

ostafaElshahed

J. Grainger, W. Stevenson, “Power System

Analysis,” McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, Dec

2003

Dr. M

ostafaElshahed

3/11/2014

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� Attendance 05 Grades

� Homework 10 Grades

� Quizzes (4) 30 Grades

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� Midterm Exam 20 Grades

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� Final Exam 40 Grades

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� Total Grade 100 Grades

Dr. M

ostafaElshahed

ELCN 112: Circuits-2

� Single Phase Circuits

� Three Phase Circuits

In the section

Dr. M

ostafaElshahed

3/11/2014

4

Dr.

Mos

tafa

Elsh

ahed

Cai

ro U

nive

rsity

�A system dedicated to of electric power:

� Generation (Production)

� Transmission (Transportation)

� Distribution (Retailing)

�A “Mission Critical System” that provides a

vital service to the society &, as such, should

be operated with the goal of achieving:

� Lowest operation cost

� Highest reliability standards

� Minimum environmental impacts

Dr. M

ostafaElshahed

3/11/2014

5

Electric Power System ComponentsConsumption

Transmission DistributionGeneration

Power Utility Ownership

Dr. M

ostafaElshahed

500 kV TransmissionPower Plant

Generation

TransmissionSystem

DistributionSystem(12kV)

UndergroundDistribution Transfomer

ResidentialCustomer

Commercial/IndustrialCustomer

ResidentialCustomer

OverheadDistributionTransformer

UrbanCustomers

69 kV Sub-transmission

230 kVTransmission

Distribution Substation(69/12 kV)

High-Voltage Substation(230/69 kV)

Extra-High-Voltage Substation(500/230 kV)

Distribution Line

Underground Cable

To OtherHigh-VoltageSubstations

Dr. M

ostafa Elshahed

3/11/2014

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Dr. M

ostafa Elshahed

Dr. M

ostafa Elshahed

3/11/2014

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It is preferable to interconnect the systems because:

1. it improves the overall stability.

2. it provides better continuity of service and

3. it is more economical.

Three networks connected by 4 tie lines.

Dr. M

ostafa Elshahed

Stability: Systems that are interconnected have

greater reserve power than a system working

alone.

Continuity of service: If a generating station

has to be shut down for annual inspection and

repair, the customers it serves can temporarily

be supplied by the two remaining stations.

Economy: The load can be shared between the

various generating stations so that the overall

operating cost is minimized.

Dr. M

ostafa Elshahed

3/11/2014

8

Our power is generated for us

compliments of our natural resources

� Conventional or non-renewable resources

� Renewable resources

Dr. M

ostafa Elshahed

�Fossil fuels (Hydrocarbons)

� Natural Gas

� Coal

� Oil

�Nuclear (Uranium)

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ostafa Elshahed

3/11/2014

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�Solar Energy

�Wind Energy

�Water Energy

�Geothermal Energy

�Tidal Energy

Dr. M

ostafa Elshahed

� Hydraulic Power Station

� Thermal Power Station (Steam or Gas)

� Combined Power Station

� Nuclear Power Station

� Geothermal Power Station

� Biomass Power Station

� Wind Power plant

� Solar power Plant

Dr. M

ostafa Elshahed

3/11/2014

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240 6 12 18

Base load

Intermediate Load

Peak Load

• Base load (large thermal and nuclear plants)

• Intermediate loads (medium steam and hydro)

• Peak load (gas turbine and combined cycle plants)

Typical Daily

Load Curve

Dr. M

ostafaElshahed

• Base power stations: that deliver full power at alltimes.ex. ( Nuclear and coal-fired stations)

• Intermediate power stations: that can respondrelatively quickly to changes in demand, usuallybe adding or removing one or more generatingunits.ex. (Steam and hydropower stations)

• Peak generating stations : that deliver power forbrief intervals through the day. Such stations mustbe put in service very quickly. pumped-storagestations are typical examples.ex. (Diesel, gas, or pumped storage stations)

Dr. M

ostafa Elshahed