9 performance analysis of mobile ad-hoc network used for traffic

International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 –

6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), © IAEME

68

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORK USED

FOR TRAFFIC MONITORING APPLICATION

Manoj Tolani

Assistant Professor

PSIT-College of Engineering, Kanpur

[email protected]

Arti Saxena

Assistant Professor (HOD ECE)

PSIT-College of Engineering, Kanpur

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

The main focus of our research work is to analyze performance of MANET network for remote

area. We suggest various important applications of MANET & finally design MANET for one of

these applications. We discuss MANET network for traffic monitoring application. In our

research work we compare performance of different routing protocol for FTP service. We

increase density of traffic, change the mobility of vehicles and analyze the network.

Keywords: AODV, OLSR, DSR, MANET, FTP, HTTP

1. INTRODUCTION

MANET stands for Mobile Ad-Hoc network. It is a type of self-configurable wireless network.

MANET not needs any vital infrastructure or fixed infrastructure. It does not need any

centralized support services so that it is type of self-configurable devices, MANET consist of

various Mobile nodes router and wireless connection devices such as Wi-Fi. MANET not needs

any vital infrastructure or fixed infrastructure. MANET is become very popular in last few years

due to its importance in research field. Due to its property of network self-configuration it is used

in the places where urgent need of network connection. So that this type of network is used in

disaster areas where infrastructure is totally damaged, such as flood affected areas, places where

satellites are not capable to cover the area, in battlefield to identify the movement of the army. In

this paper our main focus to analyze the network for traffic monitoring application. We increase

the density of traffic and also increase load by varying inter-arrival time.

When designing MANET network for analysis we use various trajectories, mobility profile &

propagation model. We also use terrain profile to make analysis more real.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJECET)

ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print)

ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online)

Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), pp. 68-83

© IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijecet.asp

Journal Impact Factor (2012): 3.5930 (Calculated by GISI)

www.jifactor.com

IJECET

© I A E M E

International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN

6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October

2. MANET NETWORK FOR TRAFFIC MONITORING APPLICATION

We can also use MANET for

crossings we need to determine traffic on the road and pass traffic through signals of the road

have maximum traffic (figure 1)

roads sometimes accidents of vehicles take place or sometimes vehicles not follow traffic rules,

in that case camera mounted on the central of road sometimes not capable to capture the images

of distant vehicles. In that case MANET is very useful, we form MANET by m

on each of the vehicles and these moving vehicles capture the images at definite interval and

transfer these images from node to node to the central sink node

Figure 2.1. Vehicles work as mobile nodes & sink node is at the

Figure 2.2. Vehicles work as mobile nodes & sink node is between the road

3. WLAN & OTHER PARAMETERS

For analysis purpose we use various common parameters to analyze the network as shown in

table below.


6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), © IAEME

69

MANET NETWORK FOR TRAFFIC MONITORING APPLICATION

We can also use MANET for traffic monitoring application as shown in figure


). On Highway vehicles are moving with high speeds, on these

times accidents of vehicles take place or sometimes vehicles not follow traffic rules,


of distant vehicles. In that case MANET is very useful, we form MANET by m


transfer these images from node to node to the central sink node (figure 2).

. Vehicles work as mobile nodes & sink node is at the crossing

. Vehicles work as mobile nodes & sink node is between the road

PARAMETERS



December (2012), © IAEME

MANET NETWORK FOR TRAFFIC MONITORING APPLICATION

traffic monitoring application as shown in figure1 & 2. On


On Highway vehicles are moving with high speeds, on these

times accidents of vehicles take place or sometimes vehicles not follow traffic rules,


of distant vehicles. In that case MANET is very useful, we form MANET by mounting camera


crossing

. Vehicles work as mobile nodes & sink node is between the road.




70

SIMULATION PARAMETERS No. Of Nodes 31,51, 71,101

Simulation time 600 sec

ROUTING MAC PROTOCOL Routing Protocol AODV,OLSR,DSR

MAC Protocol 802.11b

Data Rate 11Mbps

RADIO CHARACTERISTICS Transmitted Power 5mW

Packet Reception Power Threshold -95dBm

MANET FTP TRAFFIC GENERATION PARAMETERS Command Mix 0%

Inter request Time 1, 2, 3 & 4 sec

File Size 10 KB

MOBILITY PROFILE

Mobility type Default Random Waypoint Mobility

Speed Uniform_int 10,40,80 m/s

Pause Time 100 sec

TRAJECTORY PROFILE

Propagation Model Free Space

Terrain data Type DTED

Table 3.1: Various parameters set for MANET network

4. ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS IMPORTANT PARAMETERS

We design MANET for traffic monitoring application. When designing MANET for this

applications its performance depend several important parameters, we analyze each parameters

for different routing protocols. The important parameters that affect the MANET performance

for these applications are discussed below.

1) Increasing number of Nodes

2) Mobility of Nodes

3) Increasing Traffic

4.1 INCREASING NUMBER OF NODES

For analysis we take several scenarios by changing number of nodes & compare their

performance. Initially there are 31 nodes in a MANET network, we increase number of nodes

and check their performance. We are also analyzing MANET performance for different routing

protocols.

4.2 MOBILITY OF NODES In a MANET, mobile nodes are small in size (Mobile Phones, Laptops etc.) and so that there

antenna size is also small as compared to surrounding objects. As we already discussed its

application in flood affected areas, in battlefield, in urban areas where the surrounding objects



71

always cause the problem. Movement of mobile nodes also causes the problem of fading and

multipath propagation. Fading is used to describe the rapid fluctuation of amplitude, phase or

multiple delays of a radio signal over a short period of time. These waves called multipath

waves.

4.3 INCREASING TRAFFIC

We can increase traffic by decreasing inter-arrival time of packet generation, so that we take 66

nodes MANET network. The inter-arrival time of packet generation in first case is 10 sec and

then we reduce it to 2, 0.4, 0.08, 0.02 sec. As we reduce interval of two packets more packets are

generated in same duration and traffic increases. In traffic monitoring application if the vehicles

generate more snapshots it may be possible that buffer overflow take place of nodes and loss of

information. Because these vehicles (nodes) work as a router, so they store snapshots taken by

them and also store snapshots taken by other nodes when routing the traffic. So it is very

important to determine how much traffic they can store and transmit without loss of traffic

information.

4.4 MANET NETWORK DESIGN FOR TRAFFIC MONITORING

APPLICATION To design MANET network for traffic monitoring application we take 40 nodes MANET

structure in which internodes average distance 15-20m. We assume that central node provide

service to the bounded area of 275m*150m. There are 40 moving vehicles work as mobile node

form MANET network, each vehicle moving with speed of 50m/s and mounted camera to take

snapshots. Let us consider that each snapshot is of the size of 10KB. As we discuss earlier that

central node work as a FTP server all nodes upload image to FTP server.

5. DATA ANALYSIS BASED ON SIMULATION RESULTS We analyze the data step by step from simulation results. In each case we describe simulation

parameters set for simulations, various other parameters also describe that are same for all

simulations.

5.1 EFFECT OF INCREASING NUMBER OF NODES As from the results it is clear that if the density of nodes increases in any particular area than

traffic also increases. Due to more traffic network load also increases, If the medium is

congestion less increasing the load cause increase in throughput While if the channel is

congested, increase in load cause decrease in throughput and so that data dropped increases. We

take average value of throughput but it is not so smooth at the duration when collision count

increase throughput reduces. On increasing the no. of nodes obviously more traffic is generated

and so that throughput increases but it is become isolated because network has a limited capacity

to hold the traffic and then data loss take place. Also some collision count also increases due to

increasing traffic and throughput reduces from its actual value. Closely observing the results it is

clear that as the no. of nodes increases traffic also increases and so that network overhead, in

case of AODV routing protocol data drop increases as no. of nodes increases and delay also

increases. In case of AODV have less than 50 nodes having very less delay and suitable for real

time applications. AODV is a reactive routing protocol so that delay due to route formation also

cause problem in real time operations for heavy traffic. In case of DSR, throughput is too low

when there is less no. of nodes this is due to it maintains large cache (route information table) to



store data for transmission [4]. Also due to large cache delay is also higher. As in this network

nodes are not moving (stationary nodes) so that performance of OLSR routing protocol is better

as compare to other routing protocol, because it is table driven routing protocol and so route is

already formed and so that it have no route discovery delay. O

due to buffer overflow and due to retry threshold. We analyze the MANET network for

similar traffic (Table 5.1.1.1). Load increases with increasing no. of nodes. Finally we can say

that OLSR perform better than AODV and DS

Figure 5.1.1: Throughput comparison of AODV

Figure 5.1.2: Delay comparison of AODV

Figure 5.1



72




already formed and so that it have no route discovery delay. OLSR produces no data dropped

due to buffer overflow and due to retry threshold. We analyze the MANET network for

traffic (Table 5.1.1.1). Load increases with increasing no. of nodes. Finally we can say

that OLSR perform better than AODV and DSR.



ure 5.1.3: Throughput comparison of DSR






LSR produces no data dropped

due to buffer overflow and due to retry threshold. We analyze the MANET network for self-

traffic (Table 5.1.1.1). Load increases with increasing no. of nodes. Finally we can say



73

Figure 5.1.4: Delay Comparison of DSR

Figure 5.1.5: Throughput comparison of OLSR

Figure 5.1.6: Delay Comparison of OLSR



74

No. of

Nodes

Throughp

ut (kbps)

Load

(kbps)

Delay

(mili sec)

Data dropped

Bufferoverflow

Data dropped

Retrythreshold A

OD

V 31 2400 140 1 0kbps 0kbps

51 9600 380 5 0 0

71 21000 750 10 0 25

101 22000 1150 25000 270 16000

DS

R

31 50 50 1 0 0

51 85 85 3 0 10

71 21000 750 10 0 25

101 800 2300 52000 1800 18000

OL

SR

31 500 55 0.35 --No-- --No--

51 2500 110 0.44 --No-- --No--

71 7200 175 0.5 --No-- --No--

101 18000 300 0.62 --No-- --No--

121 31500 400 0.7 --No-- --No--

131 38500 450 0.74 --No-- --No--

Table 5.1.1: Data analysis from Simulation results

5.2 EFFECT OF MOBILITY OF NODES

From the results it is clear that in AODV as the speed of the nodes increases throughput reduces

and so that initially there delay is larger as initially throughput is same and due to movement of

nodes new route formation take place so that there overhead of route request message cause

delay in packet transmission, so that initially delay increases but after that throughput reduces

due to movement of node and delay also reduces. Similarly performance of OLSR also degraded

as the speed of nodes increases and at high speeds very sharp change in speed take place, delay is

not much affected by speed as the time passes delay reduces as throughput also reduces and

much of the data is dropped. In both AODV and OLSR load is lower as compared to the

throughput. But in case of DSR for the same traffic throughput is much lower with respect to

load, this is due to DSR feel congested channel as it maintains maintain large cache (route

information table) to store transmission data, frequent changes due to high mobility need to

periodically updating and so that delay increases but also more nodes become in communication

range and multipath channel of outdated or state route information in forwarding packet

increases, so that its throughput also increase as speed increases but although it is lower with

respect to the OLSR & AODV. Below color codes are given.



Figure 5.2.1: Throughput

Figure 5.2.2: Delay comparison of OLSR

Figure 5.2.3



75








76


Figure 5.2.5: Throughput comparison of DSR

Figure 5.2.6: Delay comparison of DSR

At lower speed performance of OLSR is better while at higher speed performance of AODV is

better in terms of delay and throughput.

5.3 EFFECT OF INCREASING TRAFFIC From the results it is clear that in case of OLSR delay is much lower as compared to DSR &

AODV. As the traffic increases throughput increases but large traffic cause increase in collision

count & so that reduction in throughput. Data analysis from simulation results is shown in Table

5.1.3.1. From the results it is also clear that OLSR is less sensitive to increase in traffic, it can

handle large traffic as compared to AODV.




Figure 5.3.2

Figure 5.3.3



77








78


Figure 5.3.5: Throughput comparison of DSR

Figure 5.3.6: Delay comparison of DSR



79

Inter

arrival

Time(s

ec)

Through

-put

(kbps)

Load

(kbps)

Delay

(milisec)

Data Dropped

Bufferoverflow

(kbps)

Data dropped

Retry threshold

(kbps)

AO

DV

10 6000 250 10 --No-- --No--

2 17000 500 10 --No-- --No--

0.4 14000 1100 19 --No-- --No--

0.08 13000 1800 21 --No-- --No--

0.02 12000 2800 21 2100 1500

OL

SR

10 6600 200 0.5 0 0.005

2 6600 250 0.5 0 0.010

0.4 6900 500 0.6 280 10

0.08 7400 1200 1.9 1000 1150

0.02 2000 3200 16 2000 1250

DS

R

10 30 2 10 0 0.010

2 70 55 10 0 0.010

0.4 700 2200 35000 1800 10.2

0.08 750 3900 32000 3200 12

0.02 780 8200 30000 7800 12

Table 5.3.1: Data analysis from Simulation results

5.4 MANET NETWORK DESIGN FOR TRAFFIC MONITORING

APPLICATION FOR FTP SERVICE

As shown in figure data dropped take place when inter arrival time is 1s and in case of 2s, 3s

&4s very negligible amount of data dropped take place so that throughput is lower in case of 1s.

We analyze the results for two routing protocol AODV & OLSR for same traffic. From the final

results we get that OLSR perform better & having no data dropped, but due to mobility routing

overhead cause reduction in throughput. Although OLSR perform better, but for high speeds as

we discuss later that performance much degraded in OLSR with respect to AODV.

Inter-arrival time 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec

Color code

Figure 5.4.1: Throughput comparison of FTP (AODV)



80

Figure 5.4.2: Delay comparison of FTP (AODV)

Figure 5.4.3: Throughput comparison of FTP (OLSR)

Figure 5.4.4: Delay comparison of FTP (OLSR)



81

FTP

AODV OLSR

THROUGHPUT 5800kbps 4200kbps

8000kbps 2900kbps

7000kbps 2400kbps

6200kbps 2100kbps

DATA DROPPED

(BUFFER OVERFLOW)

50kbps 0kbps

0.5kbps 0kbps

0.1kbps 0kbps

0.005kbps 0kbps

DELAY 1000ms 6ms

11ms 1.8ms

7ms 1.2ms

5ms 1ms

Table 5.4.1: Data analysis of different services

From the results it is clear that for self-similar traffic Ftp Service performs better than Http

Service both in terms of delay and data dropped. Ftp with OLSR is best for application but

throughput is better for AODV so that we prefer OLSR with FTP service for real time

applications and for non-real time application we prefer AODV.

6. CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

From the complete analysis of results it is clear that for real time operations OLSR performance

is best while in terms of throughput AODV perform best but non-real time applications. So for

traffic monitoring application we can use AODV while in battlefield application OLSR perform

better. Results also show that FTP has larger delay but higher throughput so we use it for traffic

monitoring application.

In our research work we end the work with the idea of MANET design for rural area for internet

connectivity. In future we can design a real model of MANET based internet for rural areas; we

also analyze the network performance of this network & compare performance for different

services. In future we can also design MANET network by using WI-Max technology IEEE

802.16, which has another important qualities which improve the performance of MANET

network.



82

REFERENCES [1]. Patrick Sondi, DhavyGantsou and Sylvain Lecomte, “Mobile Ad Hoc Network-Based

Monitoring Of Battlefields Or Rescue Operations In Urban Scenarios”, UKSim Fourth

European Modelling Symposium on Computer Modelling and Simulation, pages pp 408-413,

IEEE 2010.

[2]. Zahian Ismail, Rosilah Hassan, “Effects of Packet Size on AODV Routing Protocol

Implementation in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous MANET”, 2011 Third International

Conference on Computational Intelligence, Modelling& Simulation, pages pp 351-356, IEEE

2011.

[3]. MostafaFazeli, HasanVaziri, “Assessment Of Throughput Performance Under OPNET

Modeler Simulation Tools In Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET’s)”, 2011 Third

International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Communication Systems and

Networks,pages pp 328-331, IEEE 2011.

[4]. Ashish Shrestha, FiratTekiner, “On MANET Routing Protocols for Mobility and Scalability”

2009 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and

Technologies, pages pp 451-456, IEEE 2009.

[5]. R.K.Nadesh , D.Sumathy, M. B. BenjulaAnbu Malar, “Performance Analysis Of MANET

(WLAN) Using Different Routing Protocols In Multi Service Environments-An Quantitative

Study”, Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications Volume: 03, Issue: 02, Pages:1076-

1079 (2011)

[6]. Al-Maashri, A. and Ould-Khaoua, M. (2006) “Performance Analysis Of MANET Routing

Protocols in the presence of Self-Similar Traffic” , Proceedings of the 31st IEEE Conference

on Local Computer Networks,2006, 14-16 November 2006, pages pp. 801-807, Tampa,

Florida, USA.

[7]. Yi Wang, Hairong Chen, Xinyu Yang and Deyun Zhang, “Cluster Based Location-Aware

Routing Protocol For Large Scale Heterogeneous Manet”, Second International

Multisymposium on Computer and Computational Science, Computer Society pages pp 366-

373, IEEE (2007).

[8]. EmadAboelela, “Computer Networks A System Approach, Edition-3 ,Networks Simulation

Experiment Mannual”, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth ,2003.

[9]. Theodore S.Rappaport “Wireless Communications Principles and Practice” pearson

publication, second edition, 2010.

[10]. Jochen Schiller “Mobile Communications” Pearson publication, second edition, 2009.

[11]. Dharma Prakash Agarwal, Qing-An zeng “Introduction to wireless and mobile systems”

THOMSON Vikas publishing House, 2003.

[12]. Ashish Shrestha, Firat Tekiner, “On MANET Routing Protocols for Mobility and

Scalability”, International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications

and Technologies, 2009, pages pp. 451-456, IEEE, 2009.

[13]. Beauchamp, K. G.; “Computer Communications - 2nd ed.” - Chapman and Hall, 1990. –

0412370700

[14]. Comer, Douglas; “Computer Networks and Internets: with Internet Applications - 3rd ed.”,

Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J., 2001. – 013091449.

[15]. Loay Abusalah, Ashfaq Khokhar, and Mohsen Guizani – A Survey of Secure Mobile Ad Hoc

Routing Protocols, IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS & TUTORIALS, VOL. 10, NO.

4, FOURTH QUARTER 2008.



83

[16]. Luc Hogie; Pascal Bouvry; Frederic Guinand – “An Overview of MANETs Simulation”;

Elsevier B.V.; 2006.

[17]. Mackenzie, Lewis; “Communications and Networks.” -: McGraw-Hill, London, 1998. –

0077092732

[18]. Murthy, C. Siva Ram; “Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols.” - :

Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, N.J., 2004 - 013147023x

[19]. Na Wu (1999) QoS - Driven Routing and Resource Scheduling In Wired and Wireless

Networks, UMI, Bell & Howell Information and Learning, 300 Nor1h Zeeb Road, Ann

Arbor, MI 48108-1346 USA -800- 521-0600

[20]. Odom, Wendell, Tom Knott; “Networking basics CCNA 1 companion” -: Cisco,

Indianapolis, Ind., 2006. – 1587131641

[21]. Peterson, Larry L. & Bruce S. Davie; “Computer Networks: A systems approach - 3rd ed.”,

Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, Calif.; London 2003.

[22]. R.K.Nadesh , D.Sumathy, M. B. Benjula Anbu Malar, “Performance Analysis of MANET

(WLAN) Using Different Routing Protocols in Multi service Environments-An Quantitative

Study”, Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications Volume: 03, Issue: 02, Pages

pp:1076-1079 (2011)

[23]. Sondi, p.; Gantsou,D.; Lecomte, S.;, “Performance Evaluation Of Multimedia Application

over an OLSR-Based Mobile Ad-Hoc Network using OPNET” Computer Modelling &

Simulation (UKSim), 12th

international conference, 2010.

9 performance analysis of mobile ad-hoc network used for traffic

Documents