9. sedatives and hypnotics,psychopharmacology
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 9. sedatives and hypnotics,psychopharmacology](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062216/55d03ad9bb61eb3e598b4665/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sedatives and Hypnotics
![Page 2: 9. sedatives and hypnotics,psychopharmacology](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062216/55d03ad9bb61eb3e598b4665/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Sedative – A drug that reduces excitement and calms the person.
Hypnotic – A drug that produces sleep resembling normal sleep.
![Page 3: 9. sedatives and hypnotics,psychopharmacology](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062216/55d03ad9bb61eb3e598b4665/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Benzodiazepines
• Nitrazepam• Clonazepam • Midazolam• Triazolam
• Diazepam• Oxazepam• Lorazepam• Flurazepam
![Page 4: 9. sedatives and hypnotics,psychopharmacology](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062216/55d03ad9bb61eb3e598b4665/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Therapeutic uses
As sedative and hypnotic – preferred drug for short term-insomnia
Anticonvulsants
Diagnostic & minor operative procedures
- sedative, amnesic, analgesic & muscle
relaxant properties
![Page 5: 9. sedatives and hypnotics,psychopharmacology](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062216/55d03ad9bb61eb3e598b4665/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
As anxiolytic
Pre-anesthetic medication
Skeletal muscle relaxant (centrally acting)
To treat alcohol-withdrawal symptoms
![Page 6: 9. sedatives and hypnotics,psychopharmacology](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062216/55d03ad9bb61eb3e598b4665/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Adverse effects Drowsiness, confusion, blurred vision, amnesia & disorientation
Tolerance & drug dependence
Withdrawal symptoms - insomnia, tremors, restlessness, nervousness & loss of appetite
During labor - respiratory depression & hypotonia
in newborn
![Page 7: 9. sedatives and hypnotics,psychopharmacology](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062216/55d03ad9bb61eb3e598b4665/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Antipsychotics
![Page 8: 9. sedatives and hypnotics,psychopharmacology](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062216/55d03ad9bb61eb3e598b4665/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Antipsychotics are drugs used
to treat psychotic disorders
such as schizophrenia
![Page 9: 9. sedatives and hypnotics,psychopharmacology](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062216/55d03ad9bb61eb3e598b4665/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Positive/active symptoms include thought disturbances, delusions, auditory & visual hallucinations
• Negative/passive symptoms include social withdrawal, lack of motivation and emotion, strange speech, lack of personal hygiene
Schizophrenia
![Page 10: 9. sedatives and hypnotics,psychopharmacology](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062216/55d03ad9bb61eb3e598b4665/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Examples of antipsychotics
• Chlorpromazine• Triflupromazine• Thiothixene • Haloperidol• Clozapine• Olanzapine• Aripiprazole
![Page 11: 9. sedatives and hypnotics,psychopharmacology](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062216/55d03ad9bb61eb3e598b4665/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Overactivity of dopaminergic neurotransmission in the
mesolimbic system - symptoms of psychosis
![Page 12: 9. sedatives and hypnotics,psychopharmacology](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062216/55d03ad9bb61eb3e598b4665/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Chlorpromazine Mechanism of action –
• Mainly blocks D2 receptors in the
mesolimbic system – antipsychotic effect
![Page 13: 9. sedatives and hypnotics,psychopharmacology](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062216/55d03ad9bb61eb3e598b4665/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Uses of chlorpromazine
I. Psychiatric indications
1.Schizophrenia – positive symptoms, agitation, aggression, impulsive behaviour
2. Mania – suppress an acute attack of mania
3. Tourette’s syndrome (motor and phonic tics)
![Page 14: 9. sedatives and hypnotics,psychopharmacology](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062216/55d03ad9bb61eb3e598b4665/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
II. Non – psychiatric indications
1.As antiemetic
2.As preanesthetic medication 3. Intractable hiccups
![Page 15: 9. sedatives and hypnotics,psychopharmacology](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062216/55d03ad9bb61eb3e598b4665/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Adverse effects of chlorpromazine
Parkinson-like syndrome – tremors,
rigidity, hypokinesia Acute dystonia Tardive dyskinesia – abnormal facial &
limb movements
![Page 16: 9. sedatives and hypnotics,psychopharmacology](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062216/55d03ad9bb61eb3e598b4665/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Hyperprolactinaemia in women
Loss of libido & infertility in men
Hypersensitivity reactions
Sedation
![Page 17: 9. sedatives and hypnotics,psychopharmacology](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062216/55d03ad9bb61eb3e598b4665/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Thank you