9.1 recognize differences among the victorious allied powers after world war ii (i.e., capitalist,...

9.1 Recognize differences among the victorious Allied Powers after World War II (i.e., capitalist, communist, military structure, individual differences).

• Major Battles• Battle of the Bulge - Last great

offensive of the Germans

• Invasion of Normandy - The largest land, sea, and air invasion.

• Iwo Jima - The U.S. taking a Japanese island Lead to a final assault on Okinawa

• Battle of Okinawa - 1,900 Japanese Kamikazes attacked the Allies Was the final battle before the U.S. bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki • Bloodiest battle of the Pacific War.


• Allied Leaders and Governments• United States

– Franklin D. Roosevelt– Harry Truman– Democratic government– Capitalist

• Great Britain– Winston Churchill– Democratic government– Capitalist

• Soviet Union– Joseph Stalin– Communist economy.


• Programs to Resist Communism– Truman Doctrine -

President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology.

– Berlin Airlift - airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin

9.2 Distinguish social inequities in America in the post World War II era (i.e., racial segregation, generation conflict, gender equity, ethnic identification).• Racial Segregation

– Bus Boycott (Refusal to give up seats to white people; instead no black people road the bus)

• Martin Luther King, Jr.– Lead The Montgomery

Improvement Association bus boycott and other marches to protest

– Founded the SCLC to carry on nonviolent crusades

• Civil Rights Movement – Brown vs. Board of education

(Case that integrated public schools)

9.2 Distinguish social inequities in America in the post World War II era (i.e., racial segregation, generation conflict, gender equity, ethnic identification).• Generation Conflict

– Conflicts of religion arose– Conflicts with segregation– Baby Boomers– Rock and Roll was

considered an anthem of protest.

– Rebel teens started their own societies and called themselves ‘hippies.”

9.2 Distinguish social inequities in America in the post World War II era (i.e., racial segregation, generation conflict, gender equity, ethnic identification).• Gender Equity

– Women’s rights arose– More jobs were available for

women.– Women were no longer held to

double standards.– Betty Friedan (Created NOW

to further gender equality.)– National Organization for

Women (NOW)– Equal Rights Amendment

(ERA)– The ERA was not passed.– Phyllis Schlafly (Conservative

who protested the ERA).

9.2 Distinguish social inequities in America in the post World War II era (i.e., racial segregation, generation conflict, gender equity, ethnic identification).• Ethnic Identification:

– Latinos became the largest population next to the Whites.– Asians held the most jobs and had the highest education.

9.3 Locate and label countries, using a map, dominated or threatened by Communism.

Map of Countries that were once Communist.

9.4 Recognize the impact of technological and cultural changes on American society (i.e., Space Race, Hollywood, communication networks, mass media, medical advances, interstate highway system).• Space Race

– Yuri A. Gagarin• He was a cosmonaut from

the Soviet Union.• In April 1961, he became

the first man in space.– Neil Armstrong

• He was an American astronaut.

• On July 20, 1969, he was the first person to set foot on the moon.

– The ISS (International Space Station) provided a zero-gravity laboratory.

9.4 Recognize the impact of technological and cultural changes on American society (i.e., Space Race, Hollywood, communication networks, mass media, medical advances, interstate highway system).• Hollywood

– The HAUC (House Committee on Un-American Activities) investigated communist influence in the movie industry.

– The Hollywood 10 decided not to cooperate because they thought the HAUC’s hearings were unconstitutional.

– The movie industry began to blacklist those who they thought to be procommunism.

9.4 Recognize the impact of technological and cultural changes on American society (i.e., Space Race, Hollywood, communication networks, mass media, medical advances, interstate highway system).• Medical

– More medical knowledge led to fewer deaths in war and a longer lifespan at home.

– Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used to produce cross sectional images of any part of the body.

– Jonas Salk discovered a vaccine for polio.

– There was a baby boom.

– The health of children improved.

9.4 Recognize the impact of technological and cultural changes on American society (i.e., Space Race, Hollywood, communication networks, mass media, medical advances, interstate highway system).

• Media:– TV and phone line users

accessed an array of media.

– The trials of the Watergate Scandal played on T.V.

– In a televised U.S. Senate hearing, Senator McCarthy accused the U.S. Army of “coddling Communists”

9.4 Recognize the impact of technological and cultural changes on American society (i.e., Space Race, Hollywood, communication networks, mass media, medical advances, interstate highway system).• Communication Network

– Telephones

– The information superhighway, a network of communication devices linking people and institutions across the nation and the world, was developed.

– The Hot Line connected the White House and the Kremlin.

9.4 Recognize the impact of technological and cultural changes on American society (i.e., Space Race, Hollywood, communication networks, mass media, medical advances, interstate highway system).

• Interstate Highway System

–Route 66 connected Chicago to Los Angeles.

–Eisenhower built the highway system.

9.5 Identify areas associated with American containment policies (i.e., Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, East and West Germany).

Containment (definition) - taking measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries.• East Germany

– Occupied by the Soviets

– Berlin Airlift - created to supply food and supplies to West Berlin.

• West Germany– After World War II, Germany

was divided into four zones occupied by the United States, Great Britain, and France in the West and the Soviet Union in the East.

– West Berlin survived because of the Berlin Airlift.


Containment (definition) - taking measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries.• Korea

– Republic of Korea (South Korea)

– Occupied by the United States

– Communists formed the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in the North.

– Korean War broke out between North and South Korea.

– General Douglas Macarthur saved his troops, but then the Chinese joined with North Korea.

– On June 25, 1950, North Korean forces swept across the 38th parallel in a surprise attack on South Korea.

– On June 27th, in a show of military strength, President Truman ordered troops stationed in Japan to support the South Koreans.


Containment (definition) - taking measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries.• Cuba

– Fidel Castro declared himself a communist.

– The Bay of Pigs was a disaster and an embarrassment for the United States government and President Kennedy.

– The Cuban Missile Crisis kept the United States on its toes for 6 days with the fear of nuclear war.


Containment (definition) - taking measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries.

• Vietnam– North Vietnam

was communist.– Led by Ho Chi

Minh

9.6 Recognize domestic impact of the Cold War on American society (i.e., McCarthyism, fear, conformity, counterculture, generation gap, highway system, consumerism).

• McCarthyism– Attacks on people

suspected of being Communists in the early 1950s

– Named for Senator Joseph McCarthy – in reference to his anti-communist pursuits

– Refers to the unfair tactic of accusing people of disloyalty without providing adequate evidence.


• Fear– Air-raid drills were

common in schools.

– People often built bomb shelters in their homes.

– Example- the Rosenberg case


• Counterculture– A movement made up of

mostly white, middle-class college students who had grown disillusioned with the war in Vietnam and the injustices in America in the early 1960s

– Tried to establish a new society based on peace, love and individual freedom.

– Also known as “hippies”


• Generation Gap– The birthrate

increased substantially after World War II.

– The result was the largest generation in the nation’s history, which resulted in changes and a generation gap.


• Highway System– With an increase in

the ownership of cars, more roads had to be built.

– Eisenhower signed the Interstate Highway Act in 1956.


• Consumerism– Definition - the

buying of material goods.

– More people had money to buy products. Nearly 60% of Americans were in the middle class during the Cold War.

9.7 Determine the effects of the Supreme Court's decisions on Civil Rights (i.e., Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board, Miranda v. Arizona, Gideon v. Wainwright).

• Plessy v. Ferguson– In 1896, the Supreme

Court ruled that the separation of races in public accommodations was legal.

– This did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment.

– It established the doctrine of “Separate but equal.”


• Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka– The Supreme Court

ruled that public schools must be racially integrated.

– It strengthened the Civil Rights movement.

• Miranda v. Arizona– Required that criminals

be read their rights.


• Gideon v. Wainwright– The Supreme Court

Justices required criminal courts to provide free legal counsel to those who could not afford it.

• Escobedo v. Illinois– Determined that the

accused has a right to demand a lawyer during police questioning.

9.8 Identify significant events in the struggle for Civil Rights (i.e. integration of Clinton High School in Clinton, Tennessee, the Clinton 12 and Governor Clement’s actions, Little Rock Central High, Montgomery Bus Boycott, Freedom Riders’ route, Birmingham bombings, Nashville lunch counters, Martin Luther King's March on Washington speech, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Civil Rights Act of 1968, Escobedo v. Illinois, Great Society).

• Little Rock Central High- Nine African American students volunteered to integrate Little Rock’s Central High School and Governor Orval Faubus ordered the National Guard to turn them away. The ninth student, Elizabeth Eckford, was alone and faced an abusive crowd going to school.


• Montgomery Bus Boycott- On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks refused to get up for a white man and she was arrested. Following her arrest, the Montgomery Improvement Association elected Martin Luther King, Jr. to lead the group in a bus boycott.


• Freedom Riders’ Route- James Peck and other freedom riders hoped to provoke a violent reaction that would convince the Kennedy administration to enforce the law. The riders were beaten, arrested, and thrown off the buses; but they would not give up the journey. President Kennedy finally arranged to give the freedom riders direct support.


• Birmingham Bombings- In the effort to continue segregation, bombs were set in Birmingham on a bus that was occupied by freedom riders.


• Martin Luther King’s March on Washington Speech (also known as King’s “I Have a Dream” speech) - On August 28, 1963, more than 260,000 people assembled in front of the Washington Monument and marched to the Lincoln Memorial. People listened to speakers demand the immediate passage of the Civil Rights Bill.


• Civil Rights Act of 1964- On July 2, 1964, Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibited discrimination because of race, religion, national origin, and gender. It gave all citizens the right to enter libraries, parks, washrooms, restaurants, theaters, and other public accommodations.


• Civil Rights Act of 1968- It ended discrimination in housing. After school segregation ended, the number of African Americans who finished high school and who went to college increased significantly.


• Escobedo vs. Illinois- 1964- The Supreme Court Justices ruled that an accused person has the right to have a lawyer present during police questioning.


• Great Society- In May 1964, Johnson had summed up his vision for America in the phrase: “The Great Society”. Johnson outlined a legislative program that would end poverty and racial injustice.


• Martin Luther King, Jr. organized walks and nonviolent protests and led the SCLC to carry nonviolent crusades against the evils of second-class citizenship.

9.9 Recognize the altered American approach to foreign policy (i.e., Bay of Pigs, Brinkmanship, Cuban Missile Crisis, peaceful coexistence).• Bay of Pigs

– In March 1960, President Eisenhower gave the CIA permission to secretly train Cuban exiles for an invasion of Cuba to overthrow Fidel Castro.

– The U.S. military landed on the island’s southern coast at Bahia de Cochinos, the Bay of Pigs, but nothing went as planned.

– The defeat left President Kennedy embarrassed.

9.9 Recognize the altered American approach to foreign policy (i.e., Bay of Pigs, Brinkmanship, Cuban Missile Crisis, peaceful coexistence).

• Brinkmanship– Definition - the willingness of

the U.S. under President Eisenhower to go to the edge of all-out war.

– The U.S. trimmed its navy and army and expanded its air force and its buildup of nuclear weapons.

– The Soviet Union followed suit.

– The fear of nuclear war became a constant in American life for the next 30 years.

9.9 Recognize the altered American approach to foreign policy (i.e., Bay of Pigs, Brinkmanship, Cuban Missile Crisis, peaceful coexistence).• Cuban Missile Crisis

– Castro had a powerful ally in Moscow- Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, who promised to defend Cuba with Soviet arms.

– On October 14, photographs taken by American planes revealed Soviet missile bases in Cuba and some contained missiles ready to launch.

– The first break in the crisis occurred when the Soviet ships stopped suddenly to avoid a confrontation at sea.

– A few days later, Khrushchev offered to remove the missiles in return for an American pledge not to invade Cuba.

9.10 Match leading figures of the Civil Rights era with their respective groups and goals (i.e., Strom Thurmond, Eugene “ Bull” Conner, George Wallace, Diane Nash, Betty Friedan, Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael, Albert Gore, Sr).• Strom Thurmond

– Nominated president of the State’s Rights Democratic Party

– Part of the Dixiecrats

• Eugene “Bull” Conner– Police commissioner– Arrested 959 African

Americans during the Birmingham March.

• George Wallace– Former Alabama governor– Presidential candidate for

American Independent ticket

9.10 Match leading figures of the Civil Rights era with their respective groups and goals (i.e., Strom Thurmond, Eugene “ Bull” Conner, George Wallace, Diane Nash, Betty Friedan, Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael, Albert Gore, Sr).• Diane Nash

– Civil Rights activist– Lead a group of students in

Nashville, TN, to de-segregate lunch counters

– Member of SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)

• Betty Friedan– Author of Feminine Mystique– Supporter of Women’s Rights– Helped found the National

Organization for Women (NOW)

9.10 Match leading figures of the Civil Rights era with their respective groups and goals (i.e., Strom Thurmond, Eugene “ Bull” Conner, George Wallace, Diane Nash, Betty Friedan, Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael, Albert Gore, Sr).• Martin Luther King, Jr.

– Leader of Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA)

– Organized the bus boycott

– World-wide known civil rights leader

– Leader and founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

– Supported nonviolent protests

9.10 Match leading figures of the Civil Rights era with their respective groups and goals (i.e., Strom Thurmond, Eugene “ Bull” Conner, George Wallace, Diane Nash, Betty Friedan, Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael, Albert Gore, Sr).• Malcolm X

– A Black Islamic minister– Believed whites were the

cause of the blacks’ condition (wanted the separation of Blacks from the White society)

• Stokely Carmichael– Created the slogan

Black Power– In charge of SNCC

(Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)

9.10 Match leading figures of the Civil Rights era with their respective groups and goals (i.e., Strom Thurmond, Eugene “ Bull” Conner, George Wallace, Diane Nash, Betty Friedan, Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael, Albert Gore, Sr).

• Albert Gore, Sr.– Democrat from

Tennessee

– Voted against the Civil Rights act of 1964.

9.11 Read and interpret Cold War documents (e.g., Truman's announcement of the dropping atomic bombs, the contrast between Eisenhower's farewell speech and Kennedy's speech at Kennedy's inaugural, Goldwater's 1964 party nomination acceptance speech, Johnson's Gulf of Tonkin declaration).• On July 25, 1945, Truman

ordered the military to prepare to drop the bomb. U.S. warned Japan it faced “prompt and utter destruction.” Truman later wrote, “The final decision of where to use the atomic bomb was up to me. Let there be no mistake about it. I regarded the bomb as a military weapon and never had any doubt it should be used.”

9.11 Read and interpret Cold War documents (e.g., Truman's announcement of the dropping atomic bombs, the contrast between Eisenhower's farewell speech and Kennedy's speech at Kennedy's inaugural, Goldwater's 1964 party nomination acceptance speech, Johnson's Gulf of Tonkin declaration).• Kennedy’s inaugural speech

was focused on the point of seeing America’s own interest prosper. Eisenhower’s speech was warning Americans that upgrading the military would lead to other nations upgrading and that building up arms was an implication of war. When all of the power ends at the wrong man, disaster is at foot.

9.11 Read and interpret Cold War documents (e.g., Truman's announcement of the dropping atomic bombs, the contrast between Eisenhower's farewell speech and Kennedy's speech at Kennedy's inaugural, Goldwater's 1964 party nomination acceptance speech, Johnson's Gulf of Tonkin declaration).• Barry Goldwater was elected

to run for president. He was a conservative and believed that the government should downsize and cut-off social security. However, most Americans believed the government could get America out of the economic troubles. He wanted to use nuclear weapons.

9.11 Read and interpret Cold War documents (e.g., Truman's announcement of the dropping atomic bombs, the contrast between Eisenhower's farewell speech and Kennedy's speech at Kennedy's inaugural, Goldwater's 1964 party nomination acceptance speech, Johnson's Gulf of Tonkin declaration).• Johnson carried out secret

raids against North Vietnam. The Maddox, a battleship, was sent to collect information on those raids, and North Vietnamese fired on the ship thinking it was there to attack. LBJ also escalated the war and sent 50,000 troops to Vietnam and started “Operation Rolling Thunder.”

9.12 Identify the changes in the music industry brought about by Tennessee's influence (i.e., Grand Ole Opry, WSM, Nashville music publishing, Memphis Sun Studio & Stax Records, Elvis Presley).

• Grand Ole Opry– Was a weekly country music

stage concert in Nashville, TN– Brought the honky-tonk style of

country into country– Started as a simple radio

broadcast (WSW)– Now it is a live entertainment

venue-Nashville’s most popular attraction

– The premiere country destination for fans and performers

– The Grand Ole Opry on WSW is the longest running live radio show in history.


• Nashville Music Publishing– Many major independent

record labels have offices in Nashville.

– Music row: most of Nashville’s entertainment industry is concentrated in the area, southwest of downtown

– Nashville is the second-biggest music production center in the United States.


• Memphis Sun Studio– Started in 1950 by Sam

Phillips and remains a very active recording studio today

– Many blues and rock n’ roll legends (Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, and Jerry Lee Lewis) were given their first chances to record at Sun Studio.


• Elvis Presley– The “king of rock n’ roll”– First developed his musical style

by singing in church and listening to gospel, country, and blues music on the radio in Memphis

– Sam Phillips of Sun Studio in Memphis discovered Presley and produced his first records.

– Presley’s music quickly grew into a sensation. His songs soared to the top of the charts, and he became a rock n’ roll icon. Young people loved his rebellious style that still influences popular music today.

9.13 Evaluate socio-economic impact of the post World War II Baby Boomer generation (i.e., media, entertainment, sports, suburbia, education, and counterculture).

• Baby Boomer Generation– Media- more ads - newspapers, radio,

television, billboards– Entertainment- drive-in movies, comic

books– Sports- more baseball fans,

professional spots on television, more football fans

– Suburbia- more Americans moved away from cities into suburbs—suburbs were American dream of single-family house

– Education- more students than ever in high school, more graduates in college.

– Counterculture- young college students who revolted against regular American life, did drugs, had sex, loved music, and wore loose, colorful clothing.

9.13 Evaluate socio-economic impact of the post World War II Baby Boomer generation (i.e., media, entertainment, sports, suburbia, education, and counterculture).• Jackie Robinson- first

professional African American athlete.

• In entertainment, the television invaded the houses of many Americans. Also the beat movement in literature started and rock-n-roll started.

• All of these topics are part of the 1950’s American suburban growth thanks to the prosperous economy after World War II.

9.14 Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of increased global trade and competition on the U.S. economy

• Advantages:– Higher economic

stability

– More nations are wealthier

– Developing Third World countries benefitted

– Capitalism affirmed as stable, if not egalitarian.

– U.S. becomes a world superpower.


• Disadvantages:– Imperialization– Global

interdependence means high-risk

– Too much is held outside the nation in terms of wealth

– Outsourcing– Global capitalism– U.S. becomes world’s

nanny.


• Facts• In the 1990’s, U.S. businesses

frequently moved their operations to less economically advanced countries where wages were lower, causing American citizens to lose jobs.

• Around the turn of the 21st century, the global economy began to slow down; and the economies of more than a dozen countries were in recession.


• Facts• By 2000, U.S. trade with

other countries accounted for more than 25% of the economy.

• As American companies competed for international and domestic markets, American workers felt the sting of competing with workers in other countries.

9.1 recognize differences among the victorious allied powers after world war ii (i.e., capitalist,...

Documents

post world war

ethnic identification

individual differences

pacific war

social inequities

gender equality

military structure

victorious allied powers