91805098 green engine seminar report

7/27/2019 91805098 Green Engine Seminar Report

1/24

1. GLOBAL ISSUES

Everyday radios, newspapers, televisions and the internet warn us of

energy exhaustion, atmospheric pollution and hostile climatic conditions.

After few hundred years of industrial development, we are facing these

global problems while at the same time we maintain a high standard of

living. The most important problem we are faced with is whether we should

continue developing or die.

Coal, petroleum, natural gas, water and nuclear energy are the five

main energy sources that have played important roles and have been widely

used by human beings.

The nited !ations Energy "rgani#ation names all of themelementary energies, as well as conventional energies. Electricity is

merely a second energy derived from these sources. At present, the

energy consumed all over the world almost completely relies on the supply

of the five main energy sources. The consumption of petroleum constitutes

approximately $% percent of energy used from all sources, so it is the ma&or

consumer of energy.

'tatistics show that, the daily consumption of petroleum all over the

world today is (% million barrels, of which about )% percent is for

automobile use. That is to say, auto petroleum constitutes about *) percent

of the whole petroleum consumption. +n accordance with this calculation,

daily consumption of petroleum by automobiles all over the world is over

.


2/24

two million tonnes. At the same time as these fuels are burnt, poisonous

materials such as )%% million tonnes of carbon monoxides -C", %%

million tonnes of hydrocarbons -/C, ))% million tonnes of carbon -C, )%million tonnes of nitrogen oxides -!"x are emitted into the atmosphere

every year, severely polluting the atmosphere. At the same time large

0uantities of carbon dioxide -C"1 gases, resulting from burning, have also

ta2en the ma&or responsibility for the green house effect. Atmospheric

scientists now believe that carbon dioxide is responsible for about half the

total green house effect. Therefore, automobiles have to be deemed as the

ma&or energy consumer and atmosphere3s contaminator. Also, this situation

is fast growing with more than )% million vehicles to be produced annually

all over the world and place into the mar2et. /owever, at is estimate that

petroleum reserve in the globe will last for only *4 years . The situation is

really very grim.

.

1


3/24

Addressing such problems is what a 5reen engine does or tries to do.

The 5reen engine as it is named for the time being, is a six phase engine,which has a very low exhaust emission, higher efficiency, low vibrations

etc. Apart from these features, is its uni0ueness to adapt to any fuel which

is also well burnt. !eedless to say, if implemented will serve the purpose to

a large extent.

.

*


4/24

2. TECHNICAL FEATURES

Compared to conventional piston engines, operated on four phases,

the 5reen engine is an actual six phase internal combustion engine with

much higher expansion ratio. Thus it has six independent or separate

wor2ing processes6 inta2e, compression, mixing, combustion, power and

exhaust, resulting in the high air charge rate. 'atisfactory air7fuel mixing,

complete burning, high combustion efficiency and full expansion. The mostimportant characteristic is the expansion ratio being much bigger than the

compression ratio. Also, the other main features are the revolutionary

innovations of the se0uential variable compression ratio, constant volume

combustion and self7adapting sealing system. Therefore, an engine having

extremely high thermal efficiency, near7#ero emissions, 0uietness, light and

small, lower cost with capability of burning of various fuels has come intobeing.

Direct Air Intake

8irect air inta2e means that there is no air inlet pipe, throttle and

inlet valves on the air inta2e system. Air filter is directly connected to theinta2e port of the engine, and together with the less heating effect of air

inta2e process, benefited from lower temperature of independent inta2e

chamber, a highest volumetric efficiency which ma2es engine produce a

high tor0ue of output on all speed range is achieved . The pump loss which

consumes the part of engine power is eliminated .Also fuel measuring

facilities are built7in,and parts are saved.

.

(


5/24

2.2 Strong Swiring

As a tangential air duct in between combustion chamber and

compression chamber, a very swirling which could lost until gas port is

opened, can be formed while air is pumped into the combustion chamber.

Conse0uently, the air7fuel mixing and the combustion process can have a

satisfying wor2ing condition.

2.! Se"#entia $aria%e Co&'re((ion Ratio

This greatly revolutionary innovation can provide the most suitable

compression ratio for the engine whatever operation mode it wor2s on with

burning variety of fuels. Therefore, an excellent combustion performance is

attained.

2.) Direct F#e In*ection

8irect fuel in&ection can provide higher output and tor0ue, while at

the same time it also enhances the response for acceleration.

2.+ S#'er Air,F#e -iing

'ince the independent air7fuel mixing phase is having enough time

for mixing air and fuel under strong swirling and hot situation, the engine is

capable to burn any li0uid or gas fuels without modifications. An ideal air7

fuel mixture could delete C" emission. Also centrifugal effect coming

.

)


6/24

from both strong swirling and rotation of the burner ma2es the air7fuel

mixture more dense near the spar2 plug. +t benefits to cold starting and

managing lean7burning.

2./ Lowe(t S#r0ace to $o#&e Ratio

The shape of combustion chamber herein can be designed as global

as possible. Thus, a lowest surface to is obtained, and the engine is having

less heat losses and high combustion efficiency.

2. Controa%e Co&%#(tion Ti&e

8ue to the independent combustion phase, compared to the

conventional engine whose performances lac2 of efficient combustion time,

resulting in heavy C" emission and low fuel usage rate, the 5reen enginehas a sufficient controllable combustion time to match any fuels.

2. Con(tant $o#&e Co&%#(tion

The fuels can generate more energy while the combustion occurs on

the constant volume. Also, the constant volume combustion technology canallow the engine to have a stable combustion when the lean burning is

managed. 9oreover, more water can be added in to ma2e the much higher

wor2ing pressure and drop down the combustion temperature, so power is

added: heat losses and !"x emissions are decreased.

.

$


7/24

2.3 -#ti,4ower 4#(e(

The green engine operates on multi7power pulses with a small

volume of wor2ing chamber contrasted to the conventional engine dose on

the single power pulse with a large wor2ing chamber. "bviously, a small

volume of chamber only needs little space, resulting in compact structure

and limited si#e. Also, a small amount of air7fuel mixtures being ignited on

each power pulse can greatly cut down explosion noise.

2.15 Hig6 7orking Te&'erat#re

;ecause the burner, which is made of high heat resistance and low

expansion rate material, such as ceramic, operates without cooling, a

relatively high wor2ing temperature can eliminate the 0uenching #one

which is the main source of emission and can greatly reduce the heat losses

in the combustion chamber.

2.11 Hig6 E'an(ion Ratio

/igh expansion ratio can ma2e the burnt gases to release much more

power. +n other words, the waste gases while they run out of the engine are

only bringing much less energy with them. Therefore, the engine3s thermal

efficiency is greatly raised, and at the same time, the noise and temperature

of the exhaust are tremendously dropped.

.


8/24

2.12 Se0,A8a'ting Seaing S9(te&

This is another revolutionary innovation applied in the 5reen engine6

it can eliminate a number of seal plates or strips to achieve gapless seal and

to provide most efficient and reliable sealing system with less friction.

2.1! $i%ration Free

As ma&or moving parts, vanes which are counted in little mass and

operated symmetrically, the performance of the engine is very smooth.

/ence, vibrations are eliminated.

2.1) -o8#ar De(ign

se of modular design is the best way for engine mass production.Thus stac2ing of rotors easily extends range of available power.

2.1+ Li&ite8 4art( an8 S&a Si:e

.

4


9/24

There is only a few do#ens of parts which can be easily

manufactured in the engine structure when compared with modern pistonengine which comprises of more than a thousand parts. +t suggests that the

cost will be very low. Also, due to the compact structure the pac2age and

the weight of the 5reen engine will be only =) to =% of the regular

engine on the same output.

.

>


10/24

!. CONSTRUCTION AND 7OR;ING

As earlier mentioned, the 5reen engine is a six phase, internal

combustion engine with much higher expansion ratio. The term phase is

used instead of stro2e because stro2e is actually associated to the

movement of the piston. The traveling of the piston from bottom dead

centre to the top dead centre or vice versa is termed a stro2e. ;ut, in this

engine pistons are absent and hence, the term phase is used. The sixphases are6 inta2e, compression, mixing, combustion, power and exhaust.

The engine comprises a set of vanes, a pair of rotors which houses a

number of small pot7li2e containers. +t is here, in these small containers that

compression, mixing, combustion are carried out. The engine also contains

two air inta2e ports, and a pair of fuel in&ectors and spar2 plugs. The spar2

plugs are connected in such a system so as to deactivate them, when a fuel

which does not need spar2s for ignition is used. The rotor is made of high

heat resistance and low expansion rate material such as ceramic. ?hereas,

the metal used is an alloy of steel, aluminium and chromium.

Even though the engine is of symmetric shape, the vanes traverse an

unsymmetrical or uneven boundary. This shape cannot be compromised as

this a result of the path ta2en by the inta2e and exhaust air. This uneven

boundary is covered by the vanes in a very uni0ue fashion. The vanes are

made in such a way that it comprises of two parts6 one going inside a

hollow one. At the bottom of the hollow vane is a compressive spring. "n

top of this spring is mounted the other part of the vane. !ow, let us come to

the wor2ing of the engine.

.

%


11/24

!.1 Intake

The air arrives to the engine through the direct air inta2e port in the

absence of an air inlet pipe, throttle and inlet valves on the air inta2e

system. A duct is provided on the sides of the vane and rotor. The duct is so

shaped that when the air moves through, strong swirls generate when it gets

compressed in the chamber. The air pushes the vane blades which in turn

impart a proportionate rotation in the small rotor which houses the

chambers. The inlet air duct ends with a very narrow opening to the

chamber.

!.2 Co&'re((ion

.


12/24

The rushing air from the duct is pushed by the blades into the small

chambers in the rotor. The volume of these chambers is comparatively verysmall. !aturally, the compression obtained by such a procedure is very

satisfactory. As earlier mentioned, the compressed air is in a swirling state,

ready to be mixed with the fuel which will be in&ected into the chamber

when it will be place before the in&ector by the already rotating rotor.

!.! -iing

As soon as the chamber comes in front of the fuel in&ector, the

in&ector sprays fuel into the compressed air. ;ecause of the shape of the

chamber, the fuel mixes well with the compressed air. The importance of

ideal mixing leads to deletion of C" emission. And also because of the

strong swirling, a centrifugal effect is exerted in the air7fuel mixture.

9oreover, the rotation of the burner, ma2es this centrifugal effect all the

more effective. 9ixing phase has enough time to produce an ideal air7fuel

mixture as the spar2 plug is positioned towards the other end of the rotor or

burner.

!.) Co&%#(tion

As the chamber rotates towards the end of its path, it is positioned

before the spar2 plug. A spar2 flies from the plug into the air7fuel mixture.

;ecause of the mixing phase, the air7fuel mixture is denser near the spar2

plug, thereby, enabling lean7burning of the charge and also a uniform flame

front. As soon as the whole charge is ignited, the burner rotates to position

itself in front of the narrow exit.

.

1


13/24

!.+ 4ower

The expanded gas rushes out of the chamber through the narrow

opening, thereby pushing the name in the process. The sudden increase in

volume ensures that more power is released. "r in other words, the thermal

energy is fully utili#ed.

!./ E6a#(t

As the thermal energy is fully utili#ed, the exhaust gases bring along

comparatively less heat energy. This mainly helps in the thermal efficiency

of the engine. +t raises the engine3s thermal efficiency and also because of

the complete burning of the charge, poisonous gases li2e C" are absent in

the exhaust emissions.

.

*


14/24

). AD$ANTAGES

As obvious from the technical features which include effective

innovations, the advantages of the 5reen engine over the contemporary

piston engines are many.

).1 S&a Si:e an8 Lig6t 7eig6t

As 5reen engine is very compact with multi7power pulses, the si#e

and weight could be =) to =% of the conventional piston engines on same

output. +ts power to weight ratio could be more than 1 hp per pound

without supercharge or turbo charge.

).2 Li&ite8 4art(

There are only some do#ens of parts easy to be manufactured in the

engine structure.

).! Hig6 E00icienc9

;ecause many great innovations are being employed in the engine

design such as6 direct air inta2e, se0uential variable compression ratio,

super mixing process, constant volume combustion, controllable

combustion time, high wor2ing temperature of the burner, high expansion

ratio and self adapting sealing system etc., the thermal efficiency of the

engine could be potentially as high as $) @, even more if water add7in

technology is to be considered.

.

(


15/24

).) -#ti,0#e(

8ue to six phases of wor2ing principle, super air fuel mixing process

and constant volume combustion with controllable time, the 5reen engine

becomes the only real multi7fuel engine on our planet: any li0uid or gas

fuels can be burnt well. Also it would be ideal to coal powder if special

anti7wearing material is employed.

).+ Near,:ero E&i((ion(

?ith perfect air7fuel mixture, complete combustion under lower

pea2 temperature and free of 0uenching effect, the emission of C", /C

and !"xcould be near #ero, thereby, a catalytic converter could be not

re0uired at all.

)./ S&oot6 O'eration

8ue to inherence of good dynamic and static balance the

performance of the 5reen engine is as smooth as an electric motor.

). Fa(t Acceerating Re('on(e

8irect in&ection, little rotating inertia and deleted reciprocating

motion can characteri#e the 5reen engine with operating at a very fast

accelerating response.

.

)


16/24

).


17/24

+. CONCLUSION

The 5reen engine3s prototypes have been recently developed, and

also because of the uni0ue design, limitations have not been determined to

any extent. ;ut even in the face of limitations if any, the 5reen engine is

sure to serve the purpose to a large extent.

.


18/24

/. REFERENCE

http6==www.greenenginetech.com

+ntroduction to +nternal Combustion Engines by Bichard

'tone

Engineering undamentals of the +nternal Combustion

Engine by Dul2rabe2

+nternal Combustion Engines by .. Bamalingam

.

4


19/24

ABSTRACT

The green engine is one of the most interesting discoveries of the

new millennium. +t has got some uni0ue features that were used for the first

time in the ma2ing of engines. This engine is a piston less one with features

li2e se0uential variable compression ratio, direct air inta2e, direct fuel

in&ection, multi7fuel usage etc. The efficiency of this engine is high when

compared to the contemporary engines and also the exhaust emissions arenear #ero. The significance of the engine lies in the efficiency when the

present world conditions of limited resources of energy are considered.

Drototypes of the engine have been developed. 5enerators have been

produced with the green engine.

.

>


20/24

CONTENTS

. GLOBAL ISSUES

1. TECHNICAL ISSUES

8irect Air +nta2e

'trong 'wirling

'e0uential Fariable Compression Batio

8irect uel +n&ection'uper Air7fuel 9ixing

owest 'urface to Folume Batio

Controllable Combustion Time

Constant Folume Combustion

9ulti7power Dulses

/igh wor2ing Temperature/igh Expansion Batio

'elf Adapting 'ealing 'ystem

Fibration Batio

9odular 8esign

imited Darts and 'mall 'i#e

*. CONSTRUCTION AND 7OR;ING

+nta2e

Compression

9ixing

Combustion

Dower

Exhaust

.

1%


21/24

) AD$ANTAGES

(.'mall 'i#e and ight ?eight(.1 imited Darts

(.* /igh Efficiency

(.( 9ulti7fuels

(.)!ear7#ero Emissions

(.$ 'mooth "perations

(.< ast Accelerating Besponse

(.4 Guietness and ow Exhaust Temperature

(.> +deal to /ydrogen uel

(.% /ighly Beliable

(. ow Cost

+. CONCLUSION

/. REFERENCE

.

1


22/24

AC;NO7LEDGE-ENT

irst of all + than2 the almighty for providing me with the strength and

courage to present the seminar.

+ am also indebted to all the teaching and non7 teaching staff of the

department of mechanical engineering for their cooperation and suggestions, which

is the spirit behind this report. ast but not the least, + wish to express my sincere

than2s to all my friends for their goodwill and constructive ideas.

DEE4A;

.

11


23/24

SE-INAR

RE4ORT

ONGREEN ENGINE

SUBMITTED TO

DR. H.S. KHATAK

MR. NISHANT PAHWA

SUBMITTED BY

DEEPAK

1508351 (M3)

N. C. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (ISRANA).

.

1*


24/24

.

1(

91805098 green engine seminar report

Documents