9/18/2015laurea university of applied sciences1 value signals in the human ompfc network distinguish...
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Value Signals in the Human OMPFC Network Distinguish Maximizers from
Satisficers during Goal Decision-Making
Jyrki Suomala, Ph.D; Jarmo Heinonen, Ph.D; Lauri Palokangas, BSc; Jussi Numminen, MD, Ph.D
Neuroeconomics Lab, Laurea University of Applied Sciences, Espoo, Finland Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Töölö Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Objective
• Deep-seated goals in decision-making experiment
• Personal wage expectations were used as stimuli
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2500 €
2500 €
Yes
No
2500 €
2500 €
2500 €
Accept or Reject
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Prospect Theory▶Prospect Theory (PT) value function explains
a variety of economical choice behaviors ▶Weighted Prospect Theory value function in
accordance to conventional parameterization (Tversky and Kahneman, 1992)
▶Choice behavior was studied in a subjective choice situation.
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Sample and task
• Eighteen right-handed university students (11
women) - 9 maximizers and 9 satisficers • Subset chosen from a larger study
(n=1209, Gasagrande, 2007)
• The subjects were scanned while engaged in a
task of accept or reject the wage
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Task to accept or reject the wage offers
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Behavioral: Maximizers (blue) vs. Satisficers
(red)
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▶There were no behavioral differences between Maximizers and Satisficers
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Maximizers group Increased (positive correlation)
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The brain areas correlate with increased salary offer in the
Maximizers groupthresholds p < 0.001 at voxel level; minimum cluster size 10
voxels
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Number of voxels Local Zmax Location of local Anatomic area Putative 2.0*2.0*2.0 mm cluster maximum Brodman
(in MNI coordinates) area85 4.84 20 62 -10 Right Medial 11
Orbitofrontal cortex270 4.61 4 52 6 Bilateral Anterior 24/32
Cingulate Cortex213 4.37 4 -60 12 Calcarine Sulcus 17
84 4.22 44 30 -14 Right Posterior 11orbitofrontal cortex
67 3.98 -8 -74 -24 Left superiormedial cerebellum
11 3.60 2 62 -12 Left Medial 11orbitofrontal cortex
31 3.47 42 -60 22 Angular Gyrus 39
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Results
▶The goal valuation signal in the right superior temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus and insula correlated positively with decreased salary offers in the Maximizers group.
▶Decreased value signal was observed in the dorsal posterior cingulate and superior cerebellum of Satisficers.
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Results
▶Goal decision value signals were engaged in the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex (OMPFC) network during the experiment in in the Maximizers group.
▶The orbitofrontal cortex should be viewed as a part of a functional network in OMPFC. This network includes both the orbitofrontal cortex and parts of the anterior cingulate cortex and has distinct connections to other parts of the brain (Kringelbach 2005).
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Results
▶No behavioral differences between Maximizers and Satisficers
however
▶In fMRI results Maximizers and Satisficers differed notably.
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▶Previous studies have suggested that the behavior of Maximizers and Satisficers
differs in real life contexts (Iyengar, S.S., Wells,
R.E. & Schwartz, B., 2006).
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Results
▶Weighted Prospect Theory value function in accordance to conventional parameterization (Tversky and Kahneman, 1992)
with
▶Goal valuation signals in the OMPFC network correlated positively with increased salary offers in the Maximizers group. Such signal was absent among the Satisficers.
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Conclusions
▶ Difference occurs also in the neurophysiological level between Maximizers and Satisficers.
▶ Explanation for this might be: the brain has
capability to incorporate cultural considerations into its standard valuation circuitry.
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Thank you to
Antoine Bechara,
Ming Hsu, Valtteri Leppihalme,
Sini Maunula, Jose Santos,
Tuomas Tolvanen and Tiina Vuorenpää
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