15 Environment (pollution, health protection, safety)

97102344 Flue gas desulfurization system for treating waste gases from combustion of fossil fuels or municipal refuse, especially in power plants Pfeiffer, J. ef al. Ger. Offen. DE 19,522,587 (Cl. BOlD53/77), 12 Sep 1996, DE Appl. 19.508768, I Mar 1995; 4 pp. (In German) To ensure the complete reaction of magnesium with the sulfur dioxide, the flue gases are scrubbed with a limestone or lime suspension with the addition of sufficient magnesium hydroxide.

97102345 Formation of DNA adducts in skin, lung, and lymphocytes after skin painting of rats with undiluted bitumen or coal-tar fume condensates Genevois. C. et ul. Pdycyclic Aromut. Contpd., 1996, 8, (2-3) 75-92. A study was conducted in order to determine whether undiluted bitumen fume condensates (BFCs) are potentially genotoxic to humans.

97102346 Formation of DNA adducts in skin, lung, and lymphocytes after skin painting of rats with undiluted bitumen or coal-tar fume condensates Genevois, C. er ul. Po/!c&ic Aromaf. Cotnpd., lY96, 8, (2-3), 7%Y2. Undiluted bitumen fume condensates (BFCs) were produced by trapping the particulates on a glass fibre filter and the semi-volatiles (vapours) on XAD-2 resin in order to determine whether they are potentially genotoxic to humanr. The henzene soluble matter (BSM) from the oarticulates chase was combined with di-Et ether extract of the XAD resin {hat contained the semi-volatiles. The ether was evaporated, the resulting BFC was analysed for its PAH content and applied twice. two days apart to the skin of BD4 rats. Twenty-four h after the last treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the skin, lung, and lymphocytes were collected. DNA was extracted and DNA adducts were analysed by “P-postlabelling with the objective of determining whether lymphocytes can be used as biomarkers of skin exnosure to BFCs. Fume condensates from coal tar (IARC. classification group 1, human carcinogens) were subjected to the same tests. The unsubstituted PAH from the EPA list are not the sole genotoxic compounds in BFC responsible for adduct formation; the relative contribution of each clas\ of heterocyclic PAC should be further investigated.

97102347 Glass-fiber cloths for bag filters Okuda, T. and Matsushita, M. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08.209,489 [Y6,209,489] (Cl. DO3DlSl 12). 13 Aug 1996, Appl. 95117.394. 6 Feb 1995; 4 pp. (In Japanese) The cloths are frabricated from long glass fibres with C-glass composition. Fihres of filament nominal diameter 5 7 ,,m are used. The bag filters are used for collecting C black product, and dust from coal-fueled boilers and municipal refuse incinerators, etc.

97102346 Handling of waste ash. Detoxification and chemical properties of refuse incineration fly ash Fukunaga. I. PPM. 1996, 27. (IO). 52-60. (In Japanese) The author reviews the heavy metals concentrations in refuse incinerator fly ashes, leaching of heavy metals from the fly ashes. leaching and adsorption characteristics of heavy metals in the fly ashes, leaching procedures (effect of pH. time, solvents, etc.), detoxification (hydroxides, carbonates, sulfides, chelation, solidification with cement). and washing of the fly ashes.

97102349 Health hazard evaluation report HETA 94-0273-2556, Bruce Mansfield Power Station, Shippingport, Pennsylvania Mattorano, D. A. Report 1996, (HETA-94-0273-2556; Order No. PB96- 191853GAR). 17 pp. Avail. NTIS. From Gov. Rep. Announce. Index (U. S.) 1996, 96, (19). Abstr. l9-01,530. The possible exposure of workers to arsenic and other heavy metals during the rebuilding of coal-fired boilers at the Bruce Mansfield Power Station. Shippingport: Pennsylvania was investigated. Metal concentrations were measured in 45 personal breathing zone (PBZ) samples; an additional 12 PBZ samples were monitored for-exposure to resp(rabie dust and silica. Eight bulk ash samples and 1 I hand-wipe samples were taken. The workers nut in 60-h work weeks. 10 h oer dav for 6 davs. Arsenic was detected in 18 r-- ~. r i

samples and ranged from 0.30 to 31 pgim’ with three of the samples exceeding the adjusted OSHA permissible exposure limit. In II samples, beryllium was detected and cadmium was detected in seven samples. Both the bervllium and cadmium concentrations were below the allowable limits. Lead concentrations were measurable in 12 samples, with one sample exceeding the OSHA limit of 28 pg/m’. Crystal silica was below the detectable limit.

97lO2350 Heat-treating process for combustible material- containina waste solids Albrecht. JT er al. Ger. Offen. DE 19,509,626 (Cl. CO4B5/00), 26 Sep 1096, Appl. 19.509,626, 21 Mar 1995; 6 pp. (In German) The title process is reported in detail.

97102351 High efficiency pollutant removal with the moving- bed copper oxide process Pennline, H. W. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1995, 12, 622-627.

97102359 Method for clean-up of soils or refuse materials contaminated with highly viscous coal or petroleum derived tars/oils lanasiak. T. U.S. US 5.534.158 (Cl. 210-703; BOlD171035). 9 Jul 1996. US AlppI. 170,877, 21 Dee 1993. Y pp. Cant. of U.S. Ser. No. 170,877, abandoned.

The simultaneous removal of sulfur oxides and nitric oxides from flue gases The application of the modified Clean Soil Process integrated with within the reactor system can be undertaken by the moving-bed copper modified thermal desorption technology forms the basis of this method. oxide process. A parametric study of the process was conducted on a life- This new invention utilizes the unexpected advantages of integration of the

cycle test system. All process steps were integrated into this life-cycle test system so that continuous, long-term operation of the total process could be experimentally evaluated. The paper discusses the effects of absorption temperature, sorbent and gas residence times, and inlet SO? and NO, concentration on removal efficiencies and overall operational performance.

97102352 Implementation of research for improvement of ash-trapping efficiency Dolbnya, Y. A. et al. Energerik, 1996. (6) 14. (In Russian) The paper discusses fly ash removal from power plant flue gases in Russia.

97102353 Integrated gasification and brick-making process for treatment of MSW Wen, W. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal C’orzf., IYYS. 12. 777-782. Approximately 400 tons/day of municipal solid waste (MSW) is produced by the district of Kunming in China. For treatment and utilization of such waste, the district adopts the integrated gasification and brick-making process. A feasibility study of the project for construction of a demonstra- tion plant of such a process was made. The plant will produce 84.2 million pieces of brick annually

97102354 Investigation of high gas velocity on FGD perfor- mance in an open spray tower Skarupa, R. C. el ul. Proc. Annu. fnt. PitNmrgh Cod Conf.. IYYS. 12, 9X- 103. An investigation into the effect of the operation of a spray tower at high gas velocity (> 10 ftis) on flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system performance. Test variables included gas-velocity, liquid rate. mist eliminator type. spray nozzle type, and organic acid concentration. The effect of these variables on SO; removal and mist eliminator performance was evaluated. The data indtcate that the gas-phase mass transfer coefficient and/or mass transfer area increased sufficiently at higher gas rates to offset the effect of gas rate on mass transfer units. The data also show that as the ahsorher gas velocity increased. the liauid-to-gas ratio in the ahsorher can be reduced to achieve constant SOz removal e?ficiency. The resulting decrease in operating cost because of lower liquid-to-gas ratio (L/G) is at least partially offset by an increase in pressure drop through the absorher. No re-entrainment-was observed at velocities up to I5 ftis.

97102355 Investigation of mercury control in baghouses with sorbents Dunham, G. E. et al. Proc. Annu. Inf. Pimhurgh Cool Conf., 1905, 12, 992- Y96. When injected upstream of existing particulate control devices on coal-fired boilers. activated carbon has potential as a sorbent for mercury control. A study, sponsored by the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), is being conducted at the University of North Dakota Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) to evaluate the effects of coal type, sorbent type, sorbent addition rate. collection media, and temperature on mercury removal in a pilot-scale combustion system. Results from experiments with three different coals show that mercury control is significantly affected by temperature, coal type, sorbent type, and sorbent addition rate.

97102356 Investigation of the behavior of potentially hazar- dous trace elements in Kentucky coals and combustion byproducts Robertson, J. D. et al. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Clam Sm.. Div. Fuel Chem.. 1996. 41, (3), 763-763.

97102357 The leaching of major and trace elements from coal ash Jones, D. R. Energy Environ. (Dordrechf. Nerh.), lYY5. 2, (Environmental Aspects of Trace Elements in Coal), 221-262. This review summarizes what is currently known ahout factors controlling the dissolution of trace elements from fly ash, and to discuss application of leaching test methods and computer models to predict the leachability of ash.

97102356 Mercury control option and possible extension to other pollutants Chang, R. U.S. Environ. Pm. Anencv, Re.7. Do,., /Rep./ EPA. 1996, (EPA- 600/696-068, Proceedings: Mul~poJlutant Sorhent ‘Reactivity Workshop, 1994) 183-201. A summary of potential Hg control technologtes for coal-fired power plant flue gas and their state of development, including wet and dry scrubbing, sorhent injection, carbon beds, wet ESP, condensing heat exchanger, and other novel concepts. The potential of these concepts to capture other air pollutants such as SO?, NO,, and hazardous trace species, is also discussed.

Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1997 167