2009225

/

200024.68%37.39%22.84%(1.92)15.09%

2005 2.95 2.82 1.43

184/

1912Itai Itaidisease

500000170000800016000

42/

1984Bhopal disaster

2265/

1956Minamatadisease

CO2

Istvn T. Horvth- Acc. Chem. Res. 2002, 35(9)

Chemist

Molecular designer

E-factorE-factor

(E-factor)

persistent chemicals

DDT

1874 1939 Paul Hermann Mller

The Natural Step(International movement started in Sweden)

DDT CFCs

1987

meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

1990

RoHS: Pb, Cd, Cr(VI), Hg, PBB, PBDE

REACHRegistration/Evaluation/

Authorization/Restriction of Chemicals

SusChem: a technological platform for EU R&D on sustainable chemistry

http://www.suschem.org

Green Chemistry

The design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances.

Anastas et al.

Minimize risk by minimize hazard

x

The 12 Principles of Green ChemistryThe 12 Principles of Green Chemistry Prevention Atom Economy Less Hazardous Chemical Synthesis

Designing Safer Chemicals Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries

Design for Energy Efficiency

Use of Renewable Feedstocks:

Reduce Derivatives Catalysis Design for Degradation Real-time Analysis for Pollution Prevention

Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention

Stricter rulesConsumer Cost down

% Yield = 100 x (/)

=> 11

5515g

900g800g

Atom Economy

% Atom Economy =100 x (/)

% Yield =100 x (/)

Atom Economy

Atom economic reactions

Rearrangement Addition Diels-Alder Other concerted

reactions

Atom un-economic reactions

Substitution Elimination Wittig Grignard

% Atom Economy =100 x (/)

Friedel-Crafts acylation showing a typical starting materials/products/waste balance

Clark, J. H. Green Chemistry 1999, 1, 1

Catalysis ()

Homogeneous catalysisHomogeneous catalysis Heterogeneous catalysisHeterogeneous catalysis BiocatalysisBiocatalysis PhotocatalysisPhotocatalysis

Fast reaction due to correct catalyst orientation

High degree of selectivity; possible for asymmetric synthesis

Water soluble; opportunity for aqueous-phase reactions

Naturally occurring; non-toxic, low hazard

Energy-efficient reactions under moderate conditions of pH, temperature

Possibility for carrying out sequential one-pot synthesis

Activation of semiconductors by light

Good potential for waste treatment and pollution clean-up

CCxxHHyyClCl + O+ O22 COCO22 + H+ H22O + O + HClHCl

OHO2C

CO2H

O OH

HO2CCO2H

OHOH

OH OHOH

OHOHO

CO2H

Hi-Al2O3

370-800 psi

Co-O2

120-140 psi HNO3

adipic acid

E. coli E. coli

Pt, H250 psi

Route 1

Route 2

Route 2

Nylon adipic acid

methanolwater or ethanolwater mixtures are environmentally favourablecompared to pure alcohol or propanolwater mixtures.

dipole

Mike Lancaster, Green Chemistry: An Introductory Text

Challenges Science 2002, 297, 807

Alternative feedstocksMove from petroleum to renewable or biologically derived sources

Petroleum chemistry => need oxidation chemistry Sugar => need reduction chemistry

CO2 => need new catalysts (already have examples of incorporating CO2 into polymer and to make formic acid)

Alternative solventsNo solvent (neat solution; grinding)Supercritical CO2, ionic liquid

Alternative synthetic pathwaysNew catalystsMove to biocatalysts (no toxic metals; intrinsically safer)Research into reuse and recycling catalysts still in infancy

The 2006 Impact Factor (4.192) has risen by a massive 29% over the 2005 value.

Green Chemistry Journal general text search with China146 hits (Oct. 29, 2007); with Taiwan 15 hits

http://www.sinica.edu.tw/chem/gc

-- a laymans report

Make a greener choice

Guest editor of Acc. Chem. Res. 2002, 35(9).

Chemist

Molecular designer

Istvn T. Horvth

Chemist vs. fashion designer

Sustainable Chemistry and Green Chemistry Who should care about it ?

Today, most students who want to change the world end up being activists. "How many 18-year-olds who care about the planet say, 'I'm going to go be a chemist'?"But now they can go to the lab and invent something that can save the world."

USA Today 11/22/2004 by Elizabeth Weise

John C. Warner of the University of Massachusetts-Lowell, which hosts the nation's only doctoral program in green chemistry

C&EN 2/26/2007 by Stephen K. Ritter

Warner is working with a group of scientists to take culled potatoes from Maine processors and use the starch to make polylactic acid, a biopolymer used to make food wrappers and clothing.

References

Lancaster, M. Green Chemistry An Introductory Text; Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, 2002.

Clark, J. H. Green Chemistry 1999, 1, 1. Poliakoff, M.; Fitzpatrick, J. M.; Farren, T. R.; Anastas, P. T.

Science 2002, 297, 807. Anastas, P. T.; Kirchhoff, M. M. Acc. Chem. Res. 2002, 35, 686. Green Chemistry: Background, Key Concepts and Principles

http://www.grc.uri.edu/programs/2006/green.htm Green Chemistry: Pollution Prevention by Design

http://www.zerowaste/org/publications/gc_pres/index.html Green Chemistry School Lectures

http://www.chemsoc.org/pdf/GCN/schoolslecture05.pdf

Treat the earth well. It was not given to you by your parents. It is loaned to you by your children.

Kenyan Proverb

Creativity can solve almost any problem. The creative act, the defeat of habit by originality, overcomes everything.

2007.4.

35%

(CH3CO)2O

AlCl3

O

ClCH2CO2C2H5

NaOC2H5

O CHCO2C2H5

H+

H2O

H2NOH

CH=NOHCHO

CN CO2H

Ibuprofen

Ibuprofen

3580(99)

80%

(CH3CO)2O

HF

O

H2

catalyst

OH

CO, Pd

CO2H

Ibuprofen

Green Chemistry