99flowerspptpub
DESCRIPTION
FlowersTRANSCRIPT
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99 Tamil Flowers from Kuṟiñcippāṭṭu
Palaniappan Vairam Sarathy
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Dedications
This presentation is dedicated to
Dr. K[mil Zv_l_\il
whose book, Smile of Smile of Smile of Smile of MuruganMuruganMuruganMurugan spurred interest in me to read Tamil Sangam Literature.
The presentation wouldn’t have been possible without the photos of flora collected by
Flow_rs of In^i[
Biotik
website and photographer Din_sh V[lk_.
I thank them for their enormous efforts.
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1. கா�த� kāntaḷ
• Common name: Variety of glory lily
• Botanical name: Gloriosa superba L. (variety)
kāntaḷ can possibly be either Malabar glory lily or Indian Coral Tree or Scarlet Bauhinia
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Glory%20Lily.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloriosa_(genus)
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1. கா�த� kāntaḷ
• Common name: Indian Coral Tree
• Botanical name: Erythrinaindica Lam.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Indian%20Coral%20Tree.html
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1. கா�த� kāntaḷ
• Common name:
Scarlet Bauhinia
• Botanical name:
Bauhinia phoenicea Heyne
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Scarlet%20Bauhinia.html
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2.ஆ�ப āmpal
• Common Name:White Water Lily
• Botanical name: Nymphaea lotus L. var. pubescens
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/White%20Water%20Lily.html
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3.அன� ச� aniccam
• Mr. Kumarasamy, former professor in medicinal botany,(Govt Siddha Medical College Palayamkottai, Tamilnadu, India)identifies anicham as
• Common Name:Blue Pimpernel/Scarlet Pimpernel
• Botanical name: Anagallis arvensis Linn.
• This identification is not accepted by many scholars.
Flower supposed to be so delicate as to droop or even perish when smelt;This flower is not satisfactorily identified yet. There is high possibility that the flower is extinct or imaginary.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Blue%20Pimpernel.html
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4.�வைள kuvaḷai
• Common Name: Fragrant water lily
• Botanical name: Nymphaea odorata Ait.
http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/plants/plantid2/descriptions/nymodo.html
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5. �றி�சி kuṟiñci
• Common Name: Kurunji, Neelakurinji• Botanical name: Strobilanthes kunthiana (Nees) T. Anderson
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Kurinji.html
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6. ெவ�சி veṭci
• Common Name: Scarlet ixora
• Botanical name: Ixora coccinea L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Ixora%20red.html
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7. ெச�ெகா�ேவ� cen-kodu-vēri
• Common Name: Scarlet leadwort
• Botanical name: Plumbago rosea L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Ixora%20red.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbago_indica
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8.ேதமா tē-mā (ேதமா��)
• Common Name: Sweet mango
• Botanical name: Mangifera indica L.
http://toptropicals.com/catalog/uid/mangifera_indica.htm
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9. மண� சிைக maṇi-c-cikai
• Common Name:
Purple Heart Glory
• Botanical name: Ipomoea sepiaria J. Koenig ex Roxb
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Purple%20Heart%20Glory.html
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10. உ�!" untūḻ
• Common Name:
Indian Thorny Bamboo • Botanical name:
Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Indian%20Thorny%20Bamboo.html
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11. #வ�ள� kūviḷam
• Common Name:
Bael
• Botanical name:
Aegle Marmelos Corr.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Bel.html
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12. எ%" eṟuḻ
• Common Name: Paper flower climber
• Botanical name: Calycopteris floribunda Lam.
. http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Paper%20Flower%20Climber.html
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13. &�ள� cuḷḷi
• Common Name: Porcupine flower
• Botanical name: Barleria prionitis L.
There is very high possibility that cuḷḷi is just small twigs- instead of a flower.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Porcupine%20Flower.html
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14. #வ�ர� kūviram
• Common Name: Sacred garlic pear• Botanical name:
Crateva religiosa G. Forst.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Garlic%20Pear%20Tree.html
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15. வடவன� vaṭa-vaṉam
• Common Name: Shri Tulsi
• Botanical name: Ocimum sanctum L. Var. hirsutum
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Tulsi.html
Vaṉam in Tamil means Tulsi – So it may be considered as Northern Tulsi or variety of Tulsi
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15. வடவன� vaṭa-vaṉam
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Ram%20Tulsi.html
• Common Name: Ram Tulsi
• Botanical name: Ocimum gratissimum L.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocimum_gratissimum
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16. வாைக vākai
• Common Name:Siris tree Woman's tongue
• Botanical name: Albizia lebbeck(L.) Benth.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Siris%20Tree.html
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17. �டச� kuṭacam
• Common Name:
Indrajao
• Botanical name:
Holarrhenaantidysenterica (G. Don) Wall. ex A. DC
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Indrajao.html
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18. எ)ைவ eruvai
• Common Name: Small Bulrush• Botanical name: Typha angustata L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Lesser%20Indian%20Reed%20Mace.html
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19. ெச)வ�ைள ceru-vilai
• Common Name:Butterfly Pea
• Botanical name:
• Clitoria ternatea L. var. albifloraVoigt
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/4202351529/in/photostream/
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20. க)வ�ள� karu-viḷam
• Common Name: Butterfly Pea
• Botanical name: Clitoria ternatea L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Butterfly%20Pea.html
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21.பய�ன� payiṉi
http://www.biotik.org/india/species/v/vateindi/vateindi_en.html
• Common Name: Indian copal tree
• Botanical name: Vateria indica L.
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22. வான� vāṉi
• Common Name: Spindle Tree (variety)• Botanical name: Euonymus dichotomus
Heyne ex Roxb.
http://www.biotik.org/india/species/e/euondich/euondich_en.html
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23. �ரவ� kuravam
• Common Name:Asiatic Tarenna
• Botanical name: Weberacorymbosa Willd.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Asiatic%20Tarenna.html
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24. ப&�ப�+ pacu-m-piṭi
• Common Name:
Mysore gamboge
• Botanical name: Garciniaxanthochymus Hook.
f. ex Anders.
http://www.biotik.org/india/species/g/garcxant/garcx
ant_en.html
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25. வ�ள� vakuḷam
• Common Name:
Spanish cherry
• Botanical name:
Mimusops elengi L.http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Maulsari.htmlhttp://www.biotik.org/india/species/m/mimuelen/mimuelen_en.html
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26.காயா kāyā
• Common Name:
Ironwood tree
• Botanical name:
Memecylon edule Roxb.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Ironwood%20Tree.html
http://www.biotik.org/india/species/m/memeumbe/memeumbe_en.html
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27. ஆவ�ைர āvirai
• Common Name:
Tanner's senna
• Botanical name:
Cassia auriculata L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Tanner's%20Cassia.html
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28. ேவர vēral
• Common Name:
Nilgiri bamboo
• Botanical name:
Arundinariawightiana Nees
http://www.inbar.int/publication/txt/tr17/Sinarundinaria/sin%20wig.htm
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29. ,ர cūral
• Common Name:
Wild Jujube
• Botanical name: :
Ziziphus oenoplia(L.) Mill. http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Jackal%20Jujube.html
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/3969152797/
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30. சி%�ைள ciru-pūlai
• Common Name:
Mountain Knot Grass
• Botanical name:
Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Mountain%20Knot%20Grass.html
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31. �%ந%�க.ண� kuṟu-naṟu-ṅ-kaṇṇi
• Common Name: Coral bead vine • Botanical name: Abrus precatorius L. • Seeds used as beads in Jewels
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Gunj.html
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32. �)கிைல kurukilai
• A tree; ஓ1 மர�.Unidentified
• Common Name: White Fig
• Botanical name: Ficus virens Ait.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/White%20Fig.html
http://www.biotik.org/india/species/f/ficuvire/ficuvire_en.html
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33.ம)த� marutam
• Common Name: Indian Laurel
• Botanical name: Terminalia elliptica Willd.
• Leaves are worn as dress by many tribeshttp://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Asan.html
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34.ேகா�க� kōṅkam
• Common Name:
Golden silk cotton tree
• Botanical name:
Cochlospermum gossypium (L.) DC.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Buttercup%20Tree.html
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35. ேபா�க� pōṅkam
• Common Name : horse-eye beans
• Botanical name:
Ormosia travancorica Bedd.
• Seeds used as Beads
http://www.biotik.org/india/species/o/ormotrav/ormotrav_en.html
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36. திலக� tilakam
• Common Name: Red Sandalwood Botanical name: Adenanthera pavonina L.
• Seeds used as beadshttp://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Red%20Sandalwood.html
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37. பாதி� pātiri
• Common Name:
Yellow -flowered fragrant trumpet-flower tree
• Botanical name: Stereospermum
chelonoides (L. f.)DC.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/tags/stereospermumchelonoides/
http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Stereospermum_chelonoides
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38. ெச)�தி cerunti
• Common Name: Golden champak
• Botanical name: Ochna squarrosa L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Ramdhan%20Champa.htmlhttp://www.biotik.org/india/species/o/ochnobtu/ochnobtu_en.html
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39. அதிர atiral
• Common Name:
Hog Creeper
• Botanical name: :
Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/3624484044/in/photostream/
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Jewel%20Vine.html
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40. ச.பக� caṇpakam
• Common Name:Champak
• Botanical name: Michelia champaca L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Champa.html
http://www.biotik.org/india/species/m/michcham/michcham_en.html
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41. கர�ைத karantai
• Common Name: East Indian Globe Thistle • Botanical name: Sphaeranthus indicus L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/East%20In
dian%20Globe%20Thistle.html
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/303123186
5/in/photostream/
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42. �ளவ� kuḷavi
• Common Name: Indian cork.
• Botanical name: Millingtonia hortensis L.f.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/1814771100/
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Indian%20Cork%20Tree.html
Kuḷavi can be either of the two flowers Millingtonia hortensis L.f. / Pogostemonheyneanus Benth.
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42. �ளவ� kuḷavi
• Common Name: Patchouli
• Botanical name: Pogostemon cablin Benth.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patchouli
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43. மா (2ள�மா ) mā ( puḷimā)
• Common Name: Wild Mango
• Botanical name: : Mangifera pinnata L.f. http://www.biotik.org/india/species/s/sponpinn/sponpinn_en.htmlhttp://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Wild%20Mango.html
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44. திைல tillai
• Common Name:Blinding tree
• Botanical name: :
Excoecaria agallocha L.
http://www.natureloveyou.sg/Excoecaria%20agallocha/Main.html
http://floraofsingapore.wordpress.com/201
0/07/11/excoecaria-agallocha/
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45. பாைல pālai• Paalai could mean many variety of flowers – Please see disambiguation slides
• Common Name: Pala indigo plant
• Botanical name: Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R.Br. .http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Sweet%20Indrajao.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrightia_tinctoria
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• Common Name: Wongai Plum
• Botanical name: Mimusops kauki L.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manilkara_kauki
http://www.sybout.com/trees.htm
45. பாைல pālai
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46. 3ைல mullai
• Common Name: Arabian jasmine
• Botanical name: Jasminum sambac
•Mullai could mean Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton / Jasminum trichotomumHeyne ex Roth / Jasminum auriculatum Vahl
Single Mogra
Jasminum sambac var.
'Belle of India‘
Double Mogra
Jasminum sambac var.
'Grand Duke Of
Tuscany'
Jasminum sambac var.
'Maid of Orleans'
Sampaguita
http://www.flowersofindia.net/risearch/search.php?query=Jasminum+sambac&stpos=0&stype=AND
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46. 3ைல mullai
• Botanical name: Jasminum trichotomum Heyne ex Roth
http://opendata.keystone-foundation.org/jasminum-trichotomum-heyne-ex-roth/jasminum-trichotomum
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46. 3ைல mullai
• Common Name: Juhi• Botanical name: Jasminum auriculatum Vahlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasminum_auriculatum
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Juhi.html
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47. க�ச��ைல kañcaṅ-kullai
• Common Name:
Indian Hemp, Marijuana
• Botanical name:
Cannabis sativa L.
• Fiber prescribed for
stringing beads
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_sativahttp://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/
Marijuana.html
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48. ப�டவ� piṭavam
• Common Name: Bedaly emetic-nut
• Botanical name: Randia malabarica Lam.
http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Benkara_malabaricahttp://www.biotik.org/india/species/b/benkmala/benkmala_en.html
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49. ெச�க)�காலி ceṅ-karuṅkāli
• Common Name:
Red catechu
• Botanical name:
Acacia sundra(Roxb.) DC.
http://opendata.keystone-foundation.org/acacia-chundra-rottler-willd-2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_chundra
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50. வாைழ vāḻai
• Common Name: Plantain
• Botanical name: Musa paradisiacahttp://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Banana.html
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51. வ�ள� vaḷḷi
• Common Name: Yam
• Botanical name: Dioscorea Sp.
In this slide • Common Name: Five Leaf Yam • Botanical name: Dioscoreapentaphylla
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/2902389478/in/photostream/http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Five%20Leaf%20Yam.html
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52. ெந5த neytal
• Common Name: Red and blue water lily
• Botanical name: Nymphaea stellata
Willd.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaea_nouchali
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Blue%20Water%20Lily.html
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53. தாைழ tālai
• Common Name:
Coconut
• Botanical name:
Cocos nucifera L.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconuthttp://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Coconut.html
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54. தளவ� taḷavam
• Common Name: Red Kunda• Botanical name: Jasminum elongatum (P. J. Bergius) Willd.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Red%20Kunda.html
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• Common Name: Pink Jasmine
• Botanical name: Jasminum polyanthum Franch.http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Pink%20Jasmine.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasminum_polyanthum
54. தளவ� taḷavam
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55.தாமைர tamarai
• Common Name:
Lotus
• Botanical name: Nelumbo nucifera (Gaertn.)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Lotus.html
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56. ஞாழ ñāḻal
• Botanical name: Caesalpinia cucullata Roxb.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Ragi.html
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57. ெமௗவ mauval
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Common%20Jasmine.html
• Common Name: Poet's jasmine
• Botanical name: Jasminum officinale L.
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58. ெகா�+ kokudi
• Common Name: Indian Jasmine
• Botanical name: Jasminum pubescens (Retz.) Willd. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasminum_multiflorum
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Kunda.html
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59. ேசட cēṭal
• Common Name: Coral Jasmine
• Botanical name: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Har%20Singar.html#
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis
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60. ெச�ம cemmal
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasminum_grandiflorum
• Common Name: Spanish jasmine
• Botanical name: Jasminum grandiflorum L.
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61. சி%ெச��ரலி ciṟu-ceṅ-kurali
• Common Name:
Water Chest nut
• Botanical name:
Trapa bispinosa Roxb.
http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Trapa_natans
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62.ேகாட kōṭal
• Common Name:
Yellow Malabar glory lily
• Botanical name: Gloriosa superba L.
http://www.marlothiiconservancy.org.za/?p=365
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63. ைகைத kaitai
• Common Name:Fragrant screw-pine
• Botanical name: Pandanus odoratissimus L. f.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Kewda.html
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64. வைழ vaḻai
• Common Name: Surangi
• Botanical name: Ochrocarpus
longifolius (Wt.) Benth. ex T. Andershttp://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Surangi.html
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/3359816745/in/photostream/
http://www.biotik.org/india/species/m/mamms
uri/mammsuri_en.html
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65. கா�சி kāñci
• Common Name: False White Teak
• Botanical name: Trewia nudiflora L. http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/False%20White%20Teak.html
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/3113053378/in/photostream/
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66. மண�8 �ைல- Mani-k-kulai
• Common Name: Red Water Lily
• Botanical name: Nymphaea rubra Roxb. ex Andrews
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Red%20Water%20Lily.html
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67. பா�க1 pāṅkar
• Common Name: Tooth-brush tree
• Botanical name: Salvadora persica
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Toothbrush%20Tree.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvadora_persica
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68. மராஅ� marāam
• Common Name: Lac tree, Jalari• Botanical name: Shorea talura Roxb.• Known for its fragrancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorea_roxburghii
http://www.hindu.com/2011/03/08/stories/2011030852410200.htm
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69. தண8க� taṇakkam
• Common Name: Helicopter Tree
• Botanical name: Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Helicopter%
20Tree.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
/Gyrocarpus_americanus
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70. ஈ�ைக īṅkai
• Common Name: Twisted Acacia
• Botanical name: Acacia caesia (L.) Willd. http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Twisted%20Acacia.html#
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71. இலவ� ilavam
• Common Name:Red-flowered silk-cotton tree
• Botanical name: Bombax malabaricumhttp://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Silk%20Cotton%20Tree.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombax_ceiba
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72. ெகா;ைற koṉṟai
• Common Name: Indian laburnum
• Botanical name: Cassia fistula L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Amaltas.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassia_fistula
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73.அ��2 aṭumpu
• Common Name:Goat's foot vine
• Botanical name: Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipomoea_pes-caprae
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Goat%20Foot%20Vine.html
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74. ஆ<தி ātti
• Common Name: Maloo Creeper
• Botanical name: Bauhinia racemosa Lam.
Ātti can either be Bauhinia racemosa or Bauhinia tomentosa
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauhinia_vahlii
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Maloo%20Creeper.html
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74. ஆ<தி ātti
• Common Name: Yellow Orchid Tree
• Botanical name: Bauhinia tomentosa L.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bauhinia_tomentosa
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Yellow%20Orchid%20Tree.html
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75. அவைர avarai
• Common Name: Lablab Bean
• Botanical name: Dolichos lablab L. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lablab_purpureus
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Lablab%20Bean.html
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76. பக;ைற pakaṉṟai
• Common Name: Indian jalap• Botanical name: Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva
Manso
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Transparent%20Wood%20Rose.html
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/1963436279/in/photostream/
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77. பலாச� palācam
• Common Name:Flame of the Forest
• Botanical name: Butea frondosa Roxb.
ex Willd.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Flame%20of%20the%20Forest.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butea_monospermahttp://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/444871065/in/photostream/
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78. ப�.+ piṇṭi
• Common Name: Ašōka tree
• Botanical name: Saraca indica L.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraca_asoca
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Sita%20Ashok.html
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79. வ�சி vañci
• Common Name: Rattan Palm
• Botanical name: Calamus
rotang L.
• Ornaments/dress can be made using the fiber
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calamus_rotang
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80. ப�<திக� pittikam
• Common Name: Wild Jasmine
• Botanical name: Jasminum angustifolium (L.) Willd.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Wild%20Jasmine.html
http://www.floracafe.com/Search_PhotoDetails.aspx?Photo=Top&Id=1459
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81. சி�=வார� cintuvāram
• Common Name: Five-leaved Chaste tree• Botanical name: Vitex negundo L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Chaste%20Tree.h
tml
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitex_negundo
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82. =�ைப tumpai
• Common Name: Bitter toombay• Botanical name:
Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/517437888/http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Common%20Leucas.html
http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Leucas_aspera
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83. =ழா5 tuḻāy
• Common Name: Krishna Tulsi
• Botanical name: Ocimum sanctum L. http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Tulsi.html
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84. ேதா;றி tōṉṟi
• Common Name: Malabar glory Lily
• Botanical name: Gloriosa superba L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Glory%20Lily.html
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85. ந�தி nanti
• Common Name: Crape jasmine
• Botanical name: Tabernaemontana coronaria
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Crape%20Jasmine.html
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86. நறவ� naṟavam
• Common Name: Indian lavanga
• Botanical name: Luvungascandens(Roxb.) Wight
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Lavang%20Lata.html
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87. 2;னாக� puṉṉākam
• Common Name: Poon• Botanical name: Calophyllum elatum Bedd.
http://www.biotik.org/india/species/c/calopoly/calopoly_en.html
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88. பார� pāram
• Common Name:Indian cotton-plant
• Botanical name: Gossypium herbaceum L.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gossypium_herbaceum
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89. ப>ர� pīram
• Common Names: Sponge gourd, strainer vine
• Botanical name: Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Ribbed%20Sponge%20Gourd.h
tml
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/3911957321/in/photostream/
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90. �)8க<தி kurukkatti
• Common Name: Helicopter Flower
• Botanical name: Hiptage madablotaGaertn.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Madhavi%20Lata.html
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91. ஆர� āram
• Common Name: Sandalwood
• Botanical name:
Santalum album L.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santalum_album
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Sandalwood.html
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92. கா"ைவ kāḻvai
• Common Name:Eagle-wood• Botanical name: Aquilaria agallocha
Roxb.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquilaria_malaccensis
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93. 2;ைன puṉṉai
• Common Name:Mast-wood
• Botanical name: Calophyllum inophyllum L.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calophyllum_inophyllum
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Sultan%20Champa.html
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94. நர�த� narantam
• Common Name:
Orange
• Botanical name:
Citrus aurantium L.
• Common Name: Malabar Lemon Grass
• Botanical name: Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) J.F. Watson
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopogon_flexuosus
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95. நாக?� nāka-p-pū
• Common Name: Ceylon Ironwood
• Botanical name: Mesua ferrea L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Nag%20Kesar.html
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/2209461274/in/photostream/
http://www.biotik.org/india/species/m/mesuferr/mesuferr_en.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesua_ferrea
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96. ந�ள�)ணாறி naḷḷiruṇāṟi
• Common Name: Iruvatchi Jasmine
• Botanical name: Jasminum sambac var. virupakshi (or Iruvatchi)
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/horti_flower%20crops_malligai.html
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97. �)�த� kuruntam
• Common Name: Indian Atalantia
• Botanical name: Atlantia monophylla Linn.http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Indian%20Atalantia.html
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98. ேவ�ைக vēṅkai
• Common Name: Indian Kino Tree
• Botanical name: Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterocarpus_marsupium
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99. 2ழ� puḻaku
• Common Name: Crown Flower • Botanical name: Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T. Aiton
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Crown%20Flower.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calotropis_gigantea
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பாைல- pālai Disambiguation
• 13 different varieties of flowers can be addressed as pālai according to University of Madras – Tamil Lexicon.
• Flowers which were not presented earlier are presented here.
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3�மகி" - muḷ-makiḻ
• Common Name:
Woolly ironwood.
• Botanical name: :
Xantolis tomentosahttp://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/4174255672/
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Hairy%20Xantolis.html
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கா�+)?ைப kāṭṭiruppai
• Common Name : Indian guttapercha• Botanical name : Palaquium ellipticum (Dalz.)
Baill.http://www.biotik.org/india/species/p/palaelli/palaelli_en.html
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உல8ைக?பாைல ulakkai-p-pālai
• Common Name:
Wedge-leaved ape-flower.
• Botanical name:
Mimusops hexandrahttp://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/3297004463/in/photostream/
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Ceylon%20Iron%20Wood.html
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ஏழிைல?பாைல ēḻ-ilai-p-pālai
• Common Name:
Seven-leaved milk-plant.
• Botanical name: Alstoniascholaris (L.) R.Br.
http://www.biotik.org/laos/species/a/alssc/alssc_en.html
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Devil%20Tree.html
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கா�டல� kāṭṭalari
• Common Name:
Mango-like cerbera.
• Botanical name: :
Tabernaemontanadichotoma
http://garden-frenzy.blogspot.com/2010/10/tabernaemontana-dichotoma.html
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ெவ�பாைல
• Common Name:
Woolly dyeing rosebay.
• Botanical name:
Wrightia tomentosahttp://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/2639522636/in/photostream/
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Woolly%20Dyeing%20Rosebay.html
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க)ட?பாைல karuṭa-p-pālai
• Common Name:
India-rubber vine.
• Botanical name: :
Cryptostegia grandiflora
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptostegia_grandiflora
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Rubber%20Vine.html
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Brazilian nutmeg
• Common Name:
Brazilian nutmeg
• Botanical name:
Cryptocarya wightiana
http://www.biotik.org/india/species/c/crypwigh/crypwigh_en.html
Photos not available in internet.
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ெகா+?பாைல koṭi-p-pālai
• Common Name:
Green wax flower.
• Botanical name:
Dregea volubilishttp://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Sneeze%20Wort.html
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/2617414125/
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Methodology
• The identifications are based on my Paper ‘Kuṟiñcippāṭṭu and 99 flowers’.
• Identifications of P.L.Sami were compared with identification of Tamil Lexicon, Institute of Asian Studies, Naccinarkiniyar commentary and Identification of other scholars.
• Based on the identification images were found primarily from Flowers of India, BIOTIK, DineshValke photo stream and Wikipedia.
• Other images were obtained through googleimage search
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References
• Sarathy, Palaniappan Vairam ‘Kuṟiñcippāṭṭu and 99 flowers’, awaiting publication
• Sami, P.L. ‘Plant names in Kuṟiñcippāṭṭu, Journal of Tamil Studies’-September 1972, 78-103.
• Marr, J.R. ‘An Examination of Some Plant-Names and Identities in India’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, No. 1 (1972
• Sivathamby, K. ‘Early South Indian Society and Economy: The TinaiConcept, Social Scientist’, Dec., 1974, vol. 3, no. 5, p. 20-37
• Francis, Jr., ‘Peter Plants as Human Adornment in India’, Economic Botany, Vol. 38, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 1984)
• Seth, M. K. ‘Ornamental use Trees and Their Economic Importance’pg 327
• Mehra, K. L. Kanodia, K. C. Srivastava, R. N. ‘Folk Uses of Plants for Adornment in India’, Economic Botany, Vol. 29, No. 1 (Jan. -Mar., 1975), pp. 39-46
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Online Reference
• http://www.flowersofindia.net
• http://www.biotik.org/
• http://www.ars-grin.gov/
• http://toptropicals.com/
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/
• http://www.wikipedia.org/
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Story of Iruvatchi Jasmine
• Pictures of Iruvatchi Jasmine in these slides are the only available pics of these flowers in internet. It took us more than a month to find this flower. This flower has less commercial value, hence couldn’t be found in any flower markets. But we got information from the flower sellers that this flower was used by hair weavers who weave for marriage sauvri. These flowers are used as decoration, these flowers have longer stem hence can be use to poke into the weaved hair. Those hair weavers wouldn't sell it and after persuasion the flowers were bought and photographed. Thanks to Mr.Mahendran Sa, Mr.Balakumaran Kamaraj and his mother, GopalapuramKrishna temple florist Mr.Murugesan, my parents and Mr. Jagannathan Narayanan