aλέξανδρος Χρύσης-Φιλοσοφία και Χειραφέτηση

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ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΣ Α. ΧΡΥΣΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΙΑ & ΧΕΙΡΑΦΕΤΗΣΗ Το ζήτημα ίων διανοουμένων από tov Marx ως την Οκτωβριανή Επανάσταση εκλοςεις ΙΔΕΟΚΙΝΗΣΗ

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  • .

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    tov Marx

  • . - 1958. / . , 1991. 1993 : . . , , .

  • ISBN 960-7652-01-0

    Copyright: 1996,. ...17,,. 8252940

  • Marx

    1996

  • , , , - , , , - , .

    Hegel, , 318

    , .

    Goldmann, Immanuel Kant

  • Dr. John Hoffman , . , , . , , , - . , . . , . , , . .

    . , 1996

  • , . , , . , , , . - ( - . , . , , - - Marx, , , -. , , , , , . , , , .

    Dr.John HoffmanDepartment of PoliticsUniversity of Leicester

  • .

    : .........................1

    I:

    1. ..... 39

    2. ..........................................................................................................48

    3. : Marx, Engels 1840......................... ............ 59

    4. ................................................................................. 70

    5 .0 Marx Engels ............ 80

    6. - ; .........................................................................92

    II:

    7 .0 Marx, Engels : .. 111

    8. -: .......................................................121

    9 .0 : ..... 126

  • 10. Marx - : , ................................................................................................... 135

    11. Marx : . ........................................................................................ 147

    III: ,

    12. : .............................................................157

    13. Marx, Engels : ..................................................... 162

    14. : ................... 171

    15. , 180

    16. , ...............................................................................................196

    ........................................................................ 227 - 1905 1917

    .................................................................................... 239

  • 1

    , . , , , Marx . , , , [ ], . , , , .

    Marx Feuerbach, . . Marx , : , ' (. Hoffman). , , , , . , , , Marx , - - , :1. () , ()

    1. J. Hoffman, Marxism and the Theory o f Praxis, Lawrence and Wishart, London 1975,a. 31.

  • 2

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    4. , .. , 473d.5. .., 347c: [] , , .6. , :, .., 342d . . , :.., 342a . . , : .., 343b . .

  • 4

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    , , , Jean Jacques Rousseau - - - . - , , , 8 - Rousseau :

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    , , . R. Bambrough, Platos Political Analogies G. Vlastos (ed.), Plato. II, Ethics, Politics and Philosophy o f A rt and Religion, A Doubleday Anchor Original, USA 1971, . 187-206.7. , .., 488d.8. .., 480.9. J. J. Rousseau, A Discourse on the Arts and Sciences J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract and Discourses, Dent, London 1975, . 26.

  • 5 , , . , , 10.

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    , () , - 12. , , 13. , 14. -

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    10. , .., 1281a.11. .., 1281 b..12. , Rousseau. Rousseau, , . Rousseau, . L. Strauss, On the Intention of Rousseau M. Cranston and R. S. Peters (eds), Hobbes and Rousseau: A Collection, Anchor Books, New York 1972, . 263-269.13. .., 1281b.14. .

  • 6

    15 - , 16, . , , , , 11 , , : , , , 18; , . , , .

    , , Rousseau, . , - - - - , . , 19, Rousseau 20, -

    15. , . , : , .., 1273a,b.16. .., 1282a17. .18. . , .., 1292a, , ;19. J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth 1984, . 114.20. .., . 115-116. Rousseau :

  • 7 :

    , [ Rousseau], , [...] , .

    , , , Rousseau, - , , . , . , , , Rousseau.

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    ) . Cranston, The Noble Savage, Jean -Jacques Rousseau 1754-1762, Allen Lane,The Penguin Press, Harmondsworth 1991, o. 308-309.) B. de Jouvenel, Rousseau's Theory of the Forms of Government, Hobbes and Rousseau, A Collection o f Critical Essays, .., . 484-497.21. J. J. Rousseau, The Social ContiaA, .., . 115.22. Rousseau, Ernst Cassirer The Question o f Jean - Jacques Rousseau, Yale University Press, London and New Haven 1989, . 57, () : - Rousseau - , , , . , . , Rousseau , . . , Rousseau

  • 8

    Rousseau ,, - . , Immanuel Kant, .

    , [ Kant], . , , . ( ) 0 , , , (. ).

    Kant, - , -. , Kant, . / . ; , Kant to - . , , Rousseau, , Kant, ., ,

    . Ktu .23. Kant, Perpetual Peacc: A Philosophical Sketch Kant, Political Writings;, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1991, . 115.

  • 9 - , Kant , , . .

    , , , , Fichte (Gelehrter) - . , - , Fichte . , . , 2 . , Fichte, .

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------

    24. - - , 30e.25. Fichte, Some Lectures concerning the Scholars Vocation Fichte, Early Philosophical Writings, Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London 1988, . 172.26. .., . 173: . , , , .27. - , . Fichte, .., . 175, , . , [...] [...] . (. Fichte - Fichte, - , ).

  • 10

    , , , . , Fichte , , . , , Fichte, - , , , , - [...], ., , Fichte :

    , . , , (. Fichte).

    , Fichte,

    28. .., . 176: , . - . . , . . , , , (. ).29. .., . 174.30. .., , 151.31. .., . 167-168.32. .., . 172.

  • 11

    , . - , Fichte, ^ , Hegel . Fichte, . , .

    ! ! [ Fichte ], ' . , ; ; ! .

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    33. Hegels Philosophy o f Right, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1967, a. 12-13.34. Fichte, .., . 184.

  • 12

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    Voltaire, , , , , Voltaire , , [...]. , Voltaire ,

    35. , .., 494a.36. , .., 1277b-1278a.37. .., 1253a.38. .., 1278.

  • 13

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    39. P. Gay, Voltaires Politics, The Poet as Realist, Vintage Books, New York 1965, . 222.40. J.J. Rousseau, The Social Contract, .., . 83.41. Fichte .., . 174.

  • 14

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  • 17

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    49. O.K., 1302a.50. P. Gay, .., . 226.

  • 18

    . , , Voltaire - , Diderot - Voltaire . , :

    , [ Voltaire], , , , , , (. ).

    , , , Voltaire, Rousseau , . , - - .

    Rousseau, , . , - , , . - .

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  • 19

    , , , . , , , , Rousseau :

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    , Rousseau , . , . Rousseau . ,

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    : , [..]. Rousseau , [...] : (. Cranston, .., . 309).54. . Rousseau Social Contract, .., . 84-85.55. .., . 87.56. Judith . Shklar, Rousseaus Images of Authority Hobbes and Rousseau, A Collection o f Critical Essays, .., . 343-344, o Rousseau [...] Rousseau , . , , , , , ; . , . . [...] , . , , .

  • 20

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    , , , , , - , .

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  • 21

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    , - / , , , . Hegel, [...] , , (. Hegel). , , . , , , .

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    61. Hegels Logic, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1975, . 143.

  • 22

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    62. , , .., 401b.63. Helvetius, De Esprit, Editions Sociales, Paris 1968, .181.64. , .., 1337a.

  • 23

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    Hobbes, , , . .1/ education peut tout, Helvetius , Voltaire, , . , , - - , .

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    65. Hobbes, Leviathan, Dent, London 1973, . 93.66. , Peter Gay Voltaire : Voltaire

  • 24

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    ( , . . , .

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    , Marx : . (. Gay, .., . 25).67. J.J. Rousseau, A Discourse on Political Economy mo J. J. Rousseau, Political Writings, A. Ritter and J. Conaway Bondanella (eds), Norton Critical Editions, New York 1988, . 66-67.68. , Confessions Rousseau, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth 1953, . 377: , , . : ' ,

  • 25

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  • 26

    . Fichte, , , . , 69 (. Fichte), , Fichte. Fichte, .

    , , , Rousseau Fichte, , , . Rousseau, Emile - - .- , , Rousseau , - . , Rousseau . , Rousseau :

    69. Fichte, .., . 173.70. .., . 176.71. J. J. Rousseau, A Discourse on Political Economy, .., . 135.

  • 27

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    . , . , , - . - - , , , ., , . , , , , . , , , . ,

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  • 28

    , . , , Rousseau:

    [ ] . . . , . , . , . . , (. ).

    , Rousseau , , , -- . , . - ! , - ^ ., , -,

    Rousseau () . , Rousseau intellectuels , . , , Rousseau (, , 22 ).75. J.J. Rousseau, Emile, .., 332.76. Rousseau: , . . (J.J. Rousseau, Emile, .., . 334).

  • 29

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    [ ] , . .

    Rousseau Fichte. , Fichte , [ ] , , .

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    -------- -------------------------------------------------------

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  • 30

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  • 32

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    ( ), [ Vlastos], , ' , , . . \?6 (. Vlastos).

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  • 39

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    . Karl Marx , 1837. - , Marx :

    , , - Kant Fichte, . , *.

    , , 2. , , , Karl Marx , , , , . , -

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  • 40

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  • 41

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    , [ Cieszkowski], . , () , - [...] , .

    Bruno Bauer, 7. , , , [ Hegel] , * , . 8 (. Bauer).

    , , , Marx , , 1840. , 9, , -

    -------------------------------------------------------------------

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  • 42

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    \

  • 43

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    -------------------------------------------------------------------

  • 44

    , Alvin Gouldner Lewis Feuer ., , , - Marx. , status quo 15. , Marx , , Feuer. desideratum , , , . , |, Marx , (1838- 1842).

    Hegel 16, Marx

    14. A. W. Gouldner, Against Fragmentation, The Origins o f Marxism and the Sociology o f Intellectuals, Oxford University Press, N. York 1985, . 107-113. tnv Karen Lucas, to Gouldner, .., . 108, , . . Gfran Therbom Science, Class and Society, Verso, London 1980, . 317-326.15. , D. McLellan, .., . 6-33.16. Hegel, .., . 11:

  • 45

    , . No 179 Kolnische Zeitung, Rheinische Zeitung, Karl Marx :

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    , () (- ) . , Marx . . ,, , . , , . , , () () , () . , Marx . ,

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------

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  • 46

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    , [ ]. , , [...] , , . '*.

    , , . Marx Engels 1845,

    [...] [ Hegel] , , . , . post festum19 (. Marx Engels).

    , , Marx Engels , 1844-1845,

    18. Hegel, .., . 12-13.19. . Marx - F. Engels, The Holy Family K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 4, . 85-86.

  • 47

    1840-1842. , , Marx - - . , , , Marx, ante, post festum, - - . Marx20. , Fichte () , , , 21. , , , Marx 1843-1844.

    --------------- -------------------------------------------------

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  • 48

    2

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    1843, - , Marx , 2. , Karl Marx : - /, , , 3. , , ; Michael LOwy, Marx : 4. , , , : . , LOwy5, Marx

    1.K. Marx, Letter to Ruge, May 1843, Letters from theDeutsch - FranzOsisehe Jahrbiicher K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., x. 3, o. 137.2. .., o. 141.3. G. Teeple, Marxs Critique o f Politics, 1842-1847, University of Toronto Press, Toronto 1984, a. 92 . .4. M. LOwy, La thdorie de la ri volution chez le jeune Marx, Francis Maspero, Paris 1970, . 58-59.5. .., . 59.

  • 49

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    , Marx - , , 1843. , , / , Cabet, Dezamy , Marx [] 7. Marx , . Fichte, "8 (. Marx). , , , Marx, (Hegel). , 9. , Marx

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    ------------------------------- --------------------------------------

  • 50

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  • 51

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    -----------------------------------------------------------------------

    11. Fichte, Some Lectures concerning the Scholars Vocation, .., . 174.12. , 93

  • 52

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    , , Marx - , - , : , , , Marx, ; , , , , Marx , ; ,

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  • 53

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    Marx [] -

    ------------------------------------------- ---------------------------

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  • 54

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  • 55

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    ------------------------------ -----------------------------------

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  • 56

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    , , , Marx, Engels 1830, Wuppertaf4. , , - 1842 Rheinische Zeitung, . , Engels, 19 1842, Marx :

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    , - Engels, , -

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  • 57

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    , , Marx , Engels

    ------------------------------------------*

    26. Engels , , Marx Engels 16 1842 (. . Carver, .., . 97).

  • 58

  • 59

    3

    .', Engels 1840

    Marx 1843 . Isaiah Berlin, Marx , , , , 1843-5 [ Marx]: , [ Berlin], 1. , Marx 2. Karl Marx . -, . , , Marx 18443, Michael Lowy, 4.

    ------------------------------------ ---------------------------------

    1. I. Berlin, .., . 63.2. , - , Kreuznach, . , (. Lowy . Lowy, .., . 68).3. . L6wy, .., . 64.4. (1844-1845), Marx Lorenz von Stein Dei Sozialismus uad Kommimismus des heutigen Frankieichs,

  • 60

    , , 1840 .1. , [ - ], 5.2. , 1840. - , Marx , , . , , Gouldner,

    Karl Marx , , [] [...] , Marx '

    , -. , Engels Flora Tristan L Union Ouvriere . Marx Engels , . ( , . . Lowy. .., . 80-83, 94-96).5. J. Grandjonc, Marx et les communistes allemands Paris, Francis Maspero, Paris 1974, . 12, , 1844, 41.700. , , . Draper, Karl Marxs Theory o f Revolution: State and Bureaucracy, Monthly Review Press, New York and London 1977, . I, . 137, 100.000 - . , . Nicolaievsky and . Maenchen-Helfen, .., . 81, - .

  • 61

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    [ ] , [...] , , , , [...], [.../

    ------------------------------ ' ----------------

    6. A. W. Gouldner, .., . 105. . :) D. W. Lovell, Marxs Proletariat: The Making o f a Myth, Routledge, London and New York 1988, . 70-94, ) M. Lowy, .., . 83., Engels, , . (F. Engels, Progress o f Social Reform on the Continent K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 3, . 401).7. 1838 1847, . . Lowy, .., . 83-84. , . . Lowy, .., . 87-91.8. F. Engels, The History o f the Communist League K. Marx - F. Engels, Selected Works, International Publishers, New York, . II, . 10.

  • 62

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    Karl Marx , , 1844 Vorwarts - 1844 . Marx , Arnold Ruge. , , Marx

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  • 63

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    19. L. S. Feuer, The Alienated Americans and Their Influence on Marx and Engels, .., . 211.20. Weitling Eccarius , Marx Engels - .2 1 .0 Marx , 1844. , , Fichte, - , (., , Lectures concerning the Scholars Vocation Fichte, .., . 145-161)

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    1. . Nicolaievsky . Maenchen-Helfen, .., . 113 . .2. ..,. 119-120.

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    4. F. Engels, The History o f the Communist League, .., . 12.5. K. Marx - F. Engels, The German Ideology K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 5, . 37: , , , , , . (. ).6. . Marx - F. Engels, The Holy Family, .., . 37.

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    73 ---------------------------------------- ------ -

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  • 74

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    , , , : Marx Engels - , . , Kant - , , , , Voltaire , Marx Engels . Marx Engels , , - , Fichte , , , - . , , , Feuerbach, . , Marx - . , Marx Engels , , : - . , . , , . , Marx Engels : . . , .

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    ----------------- ------------------~------------------------------

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  • 77

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    ------------------------------------------- - ---------------------

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    ------------------------------- ----------~

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  • , , . , . , , - - , Engels . , , , : , Marx Engels - . , Feuer, Gouldner , , , ., , . , , Mannheim , . , , , Avineri. - >

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    --------------------- -------------------------------------------------

  • I l l

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    1. . Nicolaievsky . Maenchen-Helfen, .., . 276 . .2. . Marx, Letter to Engels, 4 November 1864 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 42, . 15-16.3. F. Engels. Letter to Marx, 7 November 1864 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 42, . 20.

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    ---------------------------- -------------------------------------

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