aλέξανδρος Χρύσης-Φιλοσοφία και Χειραφέτηση
DESCRIPTION
dfdfdfTRANSCRIPT
-
.
&
tov Marx
-
. - 1958. / . , 1991. 1993 : . . , , .
-
ISBN 960-7652-01-0
Copyright: 1996,. ...17,,. 8252940
-
Marx
1996
-
, , , - , , , - , .
Hegel, , 318
, .
Goldmann, Immanuel Kant
-
Dr. John Hoffman , . , , . , , , - . , . . , . , , . .
. , 1996
-
, . , , . , , , . - ( - . , . , , - - Marx, , , -. , , , , , . , , , .
Dr.John HoffmanDepartment of PoliticsUniversity of Leicester
-
.
: .........................1
I:
1. ..... 39
2. ..........................................................................................................48
3. : Marx, Engels 1840......................... ............ 59
4. ................................................................................. 70
5 .0 Marx Engels ............ 80
6. - ; .........................................................................92
II:
7 .0 Marx, Engels : .. 111
8. -: .......................................................121
9 .0 : ..... 126
-
10. Marx - : , ................................................................................................... 135
11. Marx : . ........................................................................................ 147
III: ,
12. : .............................................................157
13. Marx, Engels : ..................................................... 162
14. : ................... 171
15. , 180
16. , ...............................................................................................196
........................................................................ 227 - 1905 1917
.................................................................................... 239
-
1
, . , , , Marx . , , , [ ], . , , , .
Marx Feuerbach, . . Marx , : , ' (. Hoffman). , , , , . , , , Marx , - - , :1. () , ()
1. J. Hoffman, Marxism and the Theory o f Praxis, Lawrence and Wishart, London 1975,a. 31.
-
2
; , , , - , , .2. , , , , ; - .3. , - , , , , - ;
1.
, , , 2. , , , , , , .
- , [...] , .
, , , .
2., , , , 441 d, e.3. , , , 1989, 1254a,b.
-
3 , - [...], , , , , / .. ./
( ) , - , , , . . , , , , , , . 5., , , , 6. , , :
[] [ ]
------------------------------------------------------ --------------
4. , .. , 473d.5. .., 347c: [] , , .6. , :, .., 342d . . , :.., 342a . . , : .., 343b . .
-
4
, , , , , , [.]7.
, , :1. .2. , , ( ) , .
, , , Jean Jacques Rousseau - - - . - , , , 8 - Rousseau :
, , , , , , 9.
, , . R. Bambrough, Platos Political Analogies G. Vlastos (ed.), Plato. II, Ethics, Politics and Philosophy o f A rt and Religion, A Doubleday Anchor Original, USA 1971, . 187-206.7. , .., 488d.8. .., 480.9. J. J. Rousseau, A Discourse on the Arts and Sciences J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract and Discourses, Dent, London 1975, . 26.
-
5 , , . , , 10.
., , , , [...] , , , " .
, () , - 12. , , 13. , 14. -
---------------------------------------------- ----------------
10. , .., 1281a.11. .., 1281 b..12. , Rousseau. Rousseau, , . Rousseau, . L. Strauss, On the Intention of Rousseau M. Cranston and R. S. Peters (eds), Hobbes and Rousseau: A Collection, Anchor Books, New York 1972, . 263-269.13. .., 1281b.14. .
-
6
15 - , 16, . , , , , 11 , , : , , , 18; , . , , .
, , Rousseau, . , - - - - , . , 19, Rousseau 20, -
15. , . , : , .., 1273a,b.16. .., 1282a17. .18. . , .., 1292a, , ;19. J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth 1984, . 114.20. .., . 115-116. Rousseau :
-
7 :
, [ Rousseau], , [...] , .
, , , Rousseau, - , , . , . , , , Rousseau.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
) . Cranston, The Noble Savage, Jean -Jacques Rousseau 1754-1762, Allen Lane,The Penguin Press, Harmondsworth 1991, o. 308-309.) B. de Jouvenel, Rousseau's Theory of the Forms of Government, Hobbes and Rousseau, A Collection o f Critical Essays, .., . 484-497.21. J. J. Rousseau, The Social ContiaA, .., . 115.22. Rousseau, Ernst Cassirer The Question o f Jean - Jacques Rousseau, Yale University Press, London and New Haven 1989, . 57, () : - Rousseau - , , , . , . , Rousseau , . . , Rousseau
-
8
Rousseau ,, - . , Immanuel Kant, .
, [ Kant], . , , . ( ) 0 , , , (. ).
Kant, - , -. , Kant, . / . ; , Kant to - . , , Rousseau, , Kant, ., ,
. Ktu .23. Kant, Perpetual Peacc: A Philosophical Sketch Kant, Political Writings;, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1991, . 115.
-
9 - , Kant , , . .
, , , , Fichte (Gelehrter) - . , - , Fichte . , . , 2 . , Fichte, .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
24. - - , 30e.25. Fichte, Some Lectures concerning the Scholars Vocation Fichte, Early Philosophical Writings, Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London 1988, . 172.26. .., . 173: . , , , .27. - , . Fichte, .., . 175, , . , [...] [...] . (. Fichte - Fichte, - , ).
-
10
, , , . , Fichte , , . , , Fichte, - , , , , - [...], ., , Fichte :
, . , , (. Fichte).
, Fichte,
28. .., . 176: , . - . . , . . , , , (. ).29. .., . 174.30. .., , 151.31. .., . 167-168.32. .., . 172.
-
11
, . - , Fichte, ^ , Hegel . Fichte, . , .
! ! [ Fichte ], ' . , ; ; ! .
, , Fichte , . , , , , , , , , .
2. :
, , - ,
----------------------------------------------------- -------
33. Hegels Philosophy o f Right, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1967, a. 12-13.34. Fichte, .., . 184.
-
12
, . , , , , .
[...] - \ ' .
. , , , () , (. ). , , [ ] , [...] , , (. ).
Voltaire, , , , , Voltaire , , [...]. , Voltaire ,
35. , .., 494a.36. , .., 1277b-1278a.37. .., 1253a.38. .., 1278.
-
13
. Rousseau, , , , , , , , . :
, , , , ;[...] . , . [...] .
, Fichte, , :
- . [...] , , [...] (. ).
, : , , , , . .
,
39. P. Gay, Voltaires Politics, The Poet as Realist, Vintage Books, New York 1965, . 222.40. J.J. Rousseau, The Social Contract, .., . 83.41. Fichte .., . 174.
-
14
. , ( ) - - , , , . , , . :
, [ - ], , , , , , . .
, , . , , ^ [...] . , . . , . , ,
42. , .., 520c.43. .., 519e.44. .., 499e . .
-
, . , ( ) () , . , , , , . , , , . , , . , . , , , :
[] , , , \, , , (. ).
, , , - . , , . , , , , , . , ,
45. .., 591a.46. , .., 1279a,b
15 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
1 6 ! I
- - . . - . , , : .
, [ ], , . ' , .
, - . , , , , . : > ) . , , - . , , , .
, : - [...]. -
47. . ) , , 558c. ) , , 757 b,c.48. , .., 1301b.
-
17
49 (. ).
, , , , . , , , , .
, Voltaire Rousseau ., Peter Gay, , :
[ Voltaire] . , , . . [Natives] , .
, Gay, Voltaire, - , . , , Voltaire . , , , [ Gay],
--------------------------------------- ---------------------- --------
49. O.K., 1302a.50. P. Gay, .., . 226.
-
18
. , , Voltaire - , Diderot - Voltaire . , :
, [ Voltaire], , , , , , (. ).
, , , Voltaire, Rousseau , . , - - .
Rousseau, , . , - , , . - .
51. .., . 22852. .., . 236.53. Maurice Cranston, Rousseau
-
19
, , , . , , , , Rousseau :
, , .
, Rousseau , . , . Rousseau . ,
----------------------------------------------------------------------
: , [..]. Rousseau , [...] : (. Cranston, .., . 309).54. . Rousseau Social Contract, .., . 84-85.55. .., . 87.56. Judith . Shklar, Rousseaus Images of Authority Hobbes and Rousseau, A Collection o f Critical Essays, .., . 343-344, o Rousseau [...] Rousseau , . , , , , , ; . , . . [...] , . , , .
-
20
, . , , . , Rousseau . ^, , . , , , Rousseau - . , . , , , , - . Rousseau, .
, , , , , - , .
57. J.J. Rousseau, The Social Contract, .., . 86-87.58. .., . 88.59. , Leo Strauss, .., . 283, : Rousseau, [ Strauss], , ., , . , , , , , , (. ).60. J.J. Rousseau, A Discourse on Inequality, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth 1984, .60.
-
21
, , , , , . , , . , - - .
3. - : - - ;
, - / , , , . Hegel, [...] , , (. Hegel). , , . , , , .
, .
, , [ ],
----------------------------------------------------------------------
61. Hegels Logic, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1975, . 143.
-
22
, ; , , , , , , , ;
, , , . - , Helvetius ,
[] [...] , , [...] .
, , . , , , , , , . , ;, / , . , , - , ,
62. , , .., 401b.63. Helvetius, De Esprit, Editions Sociales, Paris 1968, .181.64. , .., 1337a.
-
23
. , , , .
, Hobbes . , Hobbes :
. [...] , , ( [.../*.
Hobbes, , , . .1/ education peut tout, Helvetius , Voltaire, , . , , - - , .
------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
65. Hobbes, Leviathan, Dent, London 1973, . 93.66. , Peter Gay Voltaire : Voltaire
-
24
, , , Rousseau Fichte , - . Rousseau, :
( , . . , .
, Rousseau . , / , . , - . , , , (-) ( ) .
, Marx : . (. Gay, .., . 25).67. J.J. Rousseau, A Discourse on Political Economy mo J. J. Rousseau, Political Writings, A. Ritter and J. Conaway Bondanella (eds), Norton Critical Editions, New York 1988, . 66-67.68. , Confessions Rousseau, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth 1953, . 377: , , . : ' ,
-
25
., , Rousseau, . -, , , Rousseau. . , Rousseau : , , ; Rousseau, , , . , , . , , . , , Rousseau , . , . . , , , . , - , : , . , , Rousseau. , Fichte . , Fichte , -
--------------------------------------------------------------- --------
, , , , , , ;
-
26
. Fichte, , , . , 69 (. Fichte), , Fichte. Fichte, .
, , , Rousseau Fichte, , , . Rousseau, Emile - - .- , , Rousseau , - . , Rousseau . , Rousseau :
69. Fichte, .., . 173.70. .., . 176.71. J. J. Rousseau, A Discourse on Political Economy, .., . 135.
-
27
, [ Rousseau], . , (. Rousseau).
. , . , , - . - - , , , ., , . , , , , . , , , . ,
-------------------------------------------------------------------
72. J. J. Rousseau, Emile, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth 1991, a. 52.73. .., . 53.74. George Lapassade, Rousseau et les encyclopedistes, Arguments, No 20, 1960, . 19, Rousseau () . , Rousseau intellectuels 74. George Lapassade, Rousseau et les encyclopedistes. Arguments, No 20,1960, . 19,
-
28
, . , , Rousseau:
[ ] . . . , . , . , . . , (. ).
, Rousseau , , , -- . , . - ! , - ^ ., , -,
Rousseau () . , Rousseau intellectuels , . , , Rousseau (, , 22 ).75. J.J. Rousseau, Emile, .., 332.76. Rousseau: , . . (J.J. Rousseau, Emile, .., . 334).
-
29
. , , , - . , . , Rousseau , . , Rousseau , . - , , , :
[ ] , . .
Rousseau Fichte. , Fichte , [ ] , , .
. , - . , , . , - , ,
-------- -------------------------------------------------------
77. .., . 326.78. .., . 334.79. .., . 333-334.80. Fichte, .., . 174.
-
30
. , , . , , , . , . Rousseau Fichte, , , , , , . , , - , , . , : , , / ;
, , .,, , : , - ' , , . , , -
81. , John Hoffman, State, Power and Democracy, Wheatsheaf Books, Sussex 1988, . 62-63, Rousseau . , Rousseau.
-
31
, , . , , .
, , , ^ . , , , . , , , . , . , , , , . , ,
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
82. , , 2.37.1, G. Vlastos, Platonic Studies, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1973, o. 196-197.83. , , Loeb Classical Library, 238 C. D.. , , , . , , (. )84. , John Hoffman , : J. Hoffman, The Tension between Democracy as a Form of the State and Democracy as a Self-Government ( ).85.0 Gregory Vlastos Isonomia Politike, (G. Vlastos, .., . 201), . , ,
-
32
. , a priori . . , , - , . , , - . , , - . Vlastos :
( ), [ Vlastos], , ' , , . . \?6 (. Vlastos).
, , ( ) ( ). , - , , . ( . Levin, Marx, Engels and Liberal Democracy, The Macmillan Press, London and Basingstoke 1989, o. 1-14).86. .., . 200.
-
33
, , . . ., . - - , . , , . , , , , , , . , ' . , , , . , , , , ., , ,
----------------------------------------------------------------------
87. , . J. Ober, Mass and Elite in Democratic Athens, Rhetoric, Ideology and the Power o f People, Princeton University Press, 1989, . 84-93, 163-170. , , Ober , , .
-
34
, . , - , - ., : ; , . , . , , , , . ; , ., , . , , , , , , . , . , Rousseau, Lettres ecrites de la Montagne , -
88. , , IX.89. J.J. Rousseau, Lettres ecrites de la Montagne: , , . - , .
-
35
. , , , . , , .
, , , , Marx .
---------------------------------- '-----------------------------------
[...] , . , . , [...] , , ( . de Jouvenel, .., . 496-497).90. , .., 4.61.1..1.
-
39
1
.
. Karl Marx , 1837. - , Marx :
, , - Kant Fichte, . , *.
, , 2. , , , Karl Marx , , , , . , -
----------------------------------------------------------------------
. . Marx, Letter to his father, November 10 [-11, 1837] K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, Progress Publishers, Moscow 1975 . 1, . 18.2. Marx Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy o f World History: Introduction, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1975, . 42. : , , , , . , . , [], . , , (. Hegel).
-
40
- . Marx,
, , ,
-
41
, August von Cieszkowski, 1838:
, [ Cieszkowski], . , () , - [...] , .
Bruno Bauer, 7. , , , [ Hegel] , * , . 8 (. Bauer).
, , , Marx , , 1840. , 9, , -
-------------------------------------------------------------------
David McLellan, The Young Hegelians and Karl Marx, The Macmillan Press, London and Basingstoke 1969, . 69-73.6. A. von Cieszkowski, Prolegomena to Historiosophie, oto L. S. Stepelevich (ed.), The Young Hegelians, An Anthology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1983, . 77-78.7. B. Bauer, The Trumpet o f the Last Judgement over Hegel mo L. S. Stepelevich (ed.), .., . 184.8. .., . 183.9. . Marx, Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy o f Nature in General, .., . 31.
-
42
: , '"(, ). , , Marx . , , Marx, , , - , - . Lewis Feuer, - ,
. Marx , - , , ,
, , Marx . , , , Feuer; , , - , Marx .
, [ Feuer],
10. .., . 30.11. L. S. Feuer, The Character and Thought of Karl Marx: The Promethean Complex and Historical Materialism L. S. Feuer, Marx and the Intellectuals, A Set o f Post- Ideological Essays, Anchor Books, Garden City, New York 1969, . 11.
\
-
43
. , , . Marx, - , , - , , . , . - . , ?2.
Feuer , , , - . Marx . , Henriette Marx , , . , , Marx , Jenny von Westphalen - Feuer - , 13., Marx . , , 19 , .
12. .., . 35.13. Marx , :) I. Berlin, Karl Marx, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1978, . 17-25.) B. Nicolaievsky and O. Maenchen - Helfen, Karl Marx: man and fighter. PenguinBooks, Harmondsworth 1976, . 1-45, . 6-7, 23-30.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
-
44
, Alvin Gouldner Lewis Feuer ., , , - Marx. , status quo 15. , Marx , , Feuer. desideratum , , , . , |, Marx , (1838- 1842).
Hegel 16, Marx
14. A. W. Gouldner, Against Fragmentation, The Origins o f Marxism and the Sociology o f Intellectuals, Oxford University Press, N. York 1985, . 107-113. tnv Karen Lucas, to Gouldner, .., . 108, , . . Gfran Therbom Science, Class and Society, Verso, London 1980, . 317-326.15. , D. McLellan, .., . 6-33.16. Hegel, .., . 11:
-
45
, . No 179 Kolnische Zeitung, Rheinische Zeitung, Karl Marx :
. , , [...] , , , , ?1.
, () (- ) . , Marx . . ,, , . , , . , , () () , () . , Marx . ,
----------------------------------------------------------------------
, , , . , , . (. )17. . Marx, The Leading Article in No 179 of the Kobische Zeitung K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 1, . 195.
-
46
Marx , Hegel , , , . , Marx, , , Hegel , Hegel,
, [ ]. , , [...] , , . '*.
, , . Marx Engels 1845,
[...] [ Hegel] , , . , . post festum19 (. Marx Engels).
, , Marx Engels , 1844-1845,
18. Hegel, .., . 12-13.19. . Marx - F. Engels, The Holy Family K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 4, . 85-86.
-
47
1840-1842. , , Marx - - . , , , Marx, ante, post festum, - - . Marx20. , Fichte () , , , 21. , , , Marx 1843-1844.
--------------- -------------------------------------------------
20. too Fichte Marx . I. Oizerman, The Making ofthe Marxist Philosophy, Progress Publishers, Moscow 1981, o. 39. Contra, , T. Rockmore, .., . 53 ..21. . .. The Vocation o f Man Fichte, Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis/Cambridge 1987, o. 67-68: , . , . . , . , , (. Fichte).
-
48
2
, - , , [ ] , 1 (. Marx).
1843, - , Marx , 2. , Karl Marx : - /, , , 3. , , ; Michael LOwy, Marx : 4. , , , : . , LOwy5, Marx
1.K. Marx, Letter to Ruge, May 1843, Letters from theDeutsch - FranzOsisehe Jahrbiicher K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., x. 3, o. 137.2. .., o. 141.3. G. Teeple, Marxs Critique o f Politics, 1842-1847, University of Toronto Press, Toronto 1984, a. 92 . .4. M. LOwy, La thdorie de la ri volution chez le jeune Marx, Francis Maspero, Paris 1970, . 58-59.5. .., . 59.
-
49
. , , , - - .
, [ Marx], . - , , , , .
, Marx - , , 1843. , , / , Cabet, Dezamy , Marx [] 7. Marx , . Fichte, "8 (. Marx). , , , Marx, (Hegel). , 9. , Marx
6. . Marx, Letter to Ruge, May 1843, .., . 141.7. K. Marx, Letter to Ruge, September 1843, .., a. 142.8. .9. . , . ,
------------------------------- --------------------------------------
-
50
, , - . , . , , Marx:
' . , ! . : , , . , , [...] , , (. Marx).
, , Marx . , Marx, , , , ( ) . , , . Fichte:1. , 2. -
, . , , , (. ).10. .., . 144
-
51
. , - ".
, , Marx Fichte. , Fichte . Marx , -. , - . , Marx , , , , . ; . , , - , , , . , , , , , 12. () . , - (-) . - Marx - . , - .. , -,
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
11. Fichte, Some Lectures concerning the Scholars Vocation, .., . 174.12. , 93
-
52
13. - Marx . , , Marx, , , , , - ., Rousseau 14 Marx. , () , , , .
, , Marx - , - , : , , , Marx, ; , , , , Marx , ; ,
13. , , 21.14. J. J. Rousseau, Emile, .., . 93 . .
-
53
, , 15. , , , , . , Marx -- , 16. , 1843, 17, . , , , Oizerman ,
Marx [] -
------------------------------------------- ---------------------------
15. . Mannheim, Ideology and Utopia, A Harvest/HBJ Book, N. York and London 1936, . 77. , :) A. W. Gouldner, The Future o f Intellectuals and the Rise o f the New Class, TheMacmillan Press, London and Basingstoke 1979, . 75-82.) M. Seliger, The Marxist conception o f ideology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1977, . 55-57.16. - , Marx - , : , [ Marx], , [ ] . (.Marx, The Poverty o f Philosophy K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 6, . 177 - . ).17. , Karl Marx Arnold Ruge 1843: . (. Marx- F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 3, . 145).
-
54
. [(] , , , . . Marx 8 (. Oizerman).
, 1843 - 1844, - . , Marx , , , :
[...] , . , . , 19 (. Marx).
, Feuerbach20, 21. , , Marx
18. . I. Oizerman, .., . 211.19. . Marx, Contribution to the Critique o f Hegels Philosophy o f Law. Introduction, K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 3, . 181-187.20. . . LOwy, .., . 92 L. Feuerbach, Principles o f the Philosophy o f the Future, Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis 1986, . 7121. . A. W. Gouldner, Against Fragmentation, .., o. 14, o Gouldner : , , [ Gouldner],
-
55
- . , Marx , , . , , Engels, Marx .
, , Feuerbach, [ Engels], Weitling, . Marx , . , , ,22(. ) , , Engels , , 1845 , , . , , - 23, Marx ,
------------------------------ -----------------------------------
Marx . , Gouldner Marx ., . LOwy, .., . 72-75, ( - Marx . , Marx - - . , , , Marx , - .22. F. Engels, Rapid Progress o f Communism in Germany K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 4, . 236.23. Engels Engels, :) . Carver, Friedrich Engels, His Life and Thought, The Macmillan Press, London
-
56
, .
, , , Marx, Engels 1830, Wuppertaf4. , , - 1842 Rheinische Zeitung, . , Engels, 19 1842, Marx :
, [ Engels], - . , , - ( 2.
, - Engels, , -
and Basingstoke 1989, . 31-132.) J. D. Hunley, The Life and Thought o f Friedrich Engels, A Reinterpretation, Yale University Press, New Haven and London 1991, . 1-22. ) S. H. Rigby, Engels and the formation o f Marxism, History, dialectics and revolution, Manchester University Press, Manchester and N. York 1992, . 12-63, Engels Hegel .24. S. . Rigby, .., . 18, Engels Marx, Engels , Marx 1844-1845.25. F. Engels, The Position o f the Political Parties K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 2, . 374-375.
-
57
, Engels . , , ., , , Engels 26.. , , , () , , , , . , Engels , - (. ) - . , , Engels, . , , , Marx, . , Engels, , , .
, , Marx , Engels
------------------------------------------*
26. Engels , , Marx Engels 16 1842 (. . Carver, .., . 97).
-
58
-
59
3
.', Engels 1840
Marx 1843 . Isaiah Berlin, Marx , , , , 1843-5 [ Marx]: , [ Berlin], 1. , Marx 2. Karl Marx . -, . , , Marx 18443, Michael Lowy, 4.
------------------------------------ ---------------------------------
1. I. Berlin, .., . 63.2. , - , Kreuznach, . , (. Lowy . Lowy, .., . 68).3. . L6wy, .., . 64.4. (1844-1845), Marx Lorenz von Stein Dei Sozialismus uad Kommimismus des heutigen Frankieichs,
-
60
, , 1840 .1. , [ - ], 5.2. , 1840. - , Marx , , . , , Gouldner,
Karl Marx , , [] [...] , Marx '
, -. , Engels Flora Tristan L Union Ouvriere . Marx Engels , . ( , . . Lowy. .., . 80-83, 94-96).5. J. Grandjonc, Marx et les communistes allemands Paris, Francis Maspero, Paris 1974, . 12, , 1844, 41.700. , , . Draper, Karl Marxs Theory o f Revolution: State and Bureaucracy, Monthly Review Press, New York and London 1977, . I, . 137, 100.000 - . , . Nicolaievsky and . Maenchen-Helfen, .., . 81, - .
-
61
, . , , , , .
3. / 1840, , , . Engels , , Marx , , - , Gouldner. Engels, , , ,
[ ] , [...] , , , , [...], [.../
------------------------------ ' ----------------
6. A. W. Gouldner, .., . 105. . :) D. W. Lovell, Marxs Proletariat: The Making o f a Myth, Routledge, London and New York 1988, . 70-94, ) M. Lowy, .., . 83., Engels, , . (F. Engels, Progress o f Social Reform on the Continent K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 3, . 401).7. 1838 1847, . . Lowy, .., . 83-84. , . . Lowy, .., . 87-91.8. F. Engels, The History o f the Communist League K. Marx - F. Engels, Selected Works, International Publishers, New York, . II, . 10.
-
62
, , , , - 1848-1849. , , Marx Engels , - . ; 1840; Marx Engels, - , ; 1840. , , Marx Engels, . , Marx Engels 1844-1845 -, , , .
Karl Marx , , 1844 Vorwarts - 1844 . Marx , Arnold Ruge. , , Marx
9. . Grandjonc, Vorwarts (.., . 9-101).
-
63
0. , , Marx Ludwig Feuerbach, , :
, , [...] , , , .
, , 1844, Marx , - , .
, [ Marx], , , ., . , , - -
--------------------------------- -------------- "
10. . Marx, Critical Marginal Notes on the Article The King o f Prussia and Social Reform. B y a Prussian, K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 3, . 201.11.K. Marx, Letter to Feuerbach, August 11 [1844] K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 3, . 355, 357.12. K. Marx, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts ofl8$4~azo K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 3, . 295. Marx , . I. Meszaros, Marx's Theory o f Alienation, Merlin Press, London 1975, . 159-161, [...] (. Meszaros - .., . 161).
-
64
[...] , , , . , , (. Marx).
, Engels . Engels, , Rousseau, Voltaire, Paine, Shelley, Strauss
14Proudhon . , , , Marx Engels, , , - .
, , / , Marx Engels . , Marx , Lewis
13. . Marx, .., . 3, . 313.14. . Engels Letters from London, . Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 3, . 379-391. O Engels, , , Elberfeld Barmen . (. F. Engels, Letter to Marx, 22 February 1845, K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 38, . 22-23).15. ., .., . Marx - F. Engels, The Holy Family, .., . 4, . 84: , , - , (. Marx Engels).
-
65
16Feuer . - , [ , 1840, Max Stimer], , , - , Marx Engels 1847, . , , , - Marx Engels - , , , . , , , . Marx, Engels,
------------------------------------------------------------------
16. L. S. Feuer, .., . 39: ,[...], Marx. , , . , Kat , , . , - (. , . , , 1940).17. , ''& , Doctorklub, Marx , , , .18. . Nicolaievsky . Maenchen-Helfen, .., . 84 . .
-
66
. , , , , - . Lewis Feuer,
- , , - -, 19.
, Marx Engels, - , . , - in nuce , . , , - ^. , , - Marx Engels .
19. L. S. Feuer, The Alienated Americans and Their Influence on Marx and Engels, .., . 211.20. Weitling Eccarius , Marx Engels - .2 1 .0 Marx , 1844. , , Fichte, - , (., , Lectures concerning the Scholars Vocation Fichte, .., . 145-161)
-
67
, , Bruno Bauer - Marx, Engels, , . , Marx Engels Bruno Bauer . , Algemeine Literaturzeitung, 1844, Bruno Bauer :
[ ] , . . , .
- , Marx Engels, , . , , Marx:
, , - . , , Bruno , . (. Marx)., , , Marx - . , , Hegel
-
68
- -24
, . , , Bruno Bauer , ., Marx Fichte - . , , 1844-1845, Marx Engels evcf . , , , . ,
24. Sidney Hook From Hegel to Marx: Studies in the Intellectual Development o f Karl Marx, Ann Arbor Paperback, USA 1962, . 22, 25, Marx Hegel : Hegel , , denkende Betrachtung der Gegenstande - ' ' (Encyclopadie, Sec. 2). , , Nachdenken. [ Marx], . - . , . , , (. Hook).25. . Marx - F. Engels, The Holy Family, .., . 86: , , [ Marx], . , , . Bauer (. Marx).26. , Fichte / , , Marx Engels 1844- 1845 (. Fichte, .., . 163-164).27. 1. Meszaros, .., . 181: -, .
-
69
. Bruno Bauer, Voltaire , , Marx Engels , .
, , , , , . , Marx Weitling, , Engels, , .
----------------------------------------- '
-
70
4
/ 7 1840 , . , Schapper, Bauer Moll, , . , , , , , 1830 1840, Weitling, . Nicolaievsky Maenchen-Helfen:
Schapper . . Weitling . , , - . , , , , 2 (. ).
, 12 1839 , : ,
1. . Nicolaievsky . Maenchen-Helfen, .., . 113 . .2. ..,. 119-120.
-
71
; , . , -. , Bruno Bauer Blanqui. , Weitling . , - , , , . , , , , Marx Weitling, Schapper .
Marx , 3. , Engels 1843 , Marx, 1845. , Engels . Schapper, Moll Bauer, Marx Engels , [ Weitling], , .
--------------------------------------- ~ -------
3. .., . 121.
-
72
, , [ Engels ], . . - [...] , , - , .
, , Engels, 1845-1846 , Marx Engels , 5. - , , , , , , , - 6 (. Marx) - . , , , , , .
Marx Engels ;
4. F. Engels, The History o f the Communist League, .., . 12.5. K. Marx - F. Engels, The German Ideology K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 5, . 37: , , , , , . (. ).6. . Marx - F. Engels, The Holy Family, .., . 37.
-
. , , Engels, Marx, 1844-1847.
, [ Engels], . , , . , , , 7 (. ).
, , , Marx Engels :
1. Marx Engels , - - .2. .3. , , (1844-1847), Marx Engels - - , - .4. , , - . ,
73 ---------------------------------------- ------ -
7. F. Engels, The History o f the Communist League, .., . 13.
-
74
Marx Engels - -.
, , , : Marx Engels - , . , Kant - , , , , Voltaire , Marx Engels . Marx Engels , , - , Fichte , , , - . , , , Feuerbach, . , Marx - . , Marx Engels , , : - . , . , , . , Marx Engels : . . , .
-
75
, , , Marx Weitling . , , , Marx Weitling 30 1846 . 8, Marx Weitling: . , . , . , , Marx Weitling , Marx - Weitling 9. , , . , , Marx Weitling . Marx, Weitling 10.
----------------- ------------------~------------------------------
8. . . Nicolaievsky . Maenchen-Helfen, .., . 124-128.9. :) L. S. Feuer, The Alienated Americans and Their Influence on Marx and Engels, L. S. Feuer, .., . 211.) A. W. Gouldner, .., . 93-100, Weitling, , . Marx - Weitling, : . Draper, Karl Marxs Theory o f Revolution: The Politics o f Social Classes, .., . II, . 654-659, Weitling.10. Draper, .., . 655, Weitling . , Draper .
-
76
, ". , , Hal Draper, , , , 12. , Weitling - . Bauer, Moll Eccarius, Weitling , , , Marx13., Weitling, Marx, - . , Marx - , Weitling. , , , Weitling Marx, Weitling . : Marx - 14. , Weitling - , Marx - Weitling. , Weitling - .
11. . C. Wittke, The Utopian Communist: A Biography o f Wilhelm Weitling, Nineteenth- Century Reformer, Louisiana State University Press, USA 1950, . 1-10.12. H. Draper, .., . 65513. . Marx, Critical Marginal Notes on the Article The King o f Prussia and Social Reform. By a Prussian, .., . 201.14. H. Draper, .., . 655.
-
77
, , . Wittke, Weitling,
Dreimannerrath, , Weitling : , , . , . , . Weitling, [ Wittke], - , . 15 (. Wittke).
, Hal Draper , - . Weitling16 (. Draper). , , , Marx Engels - /. , , Weitling, , , Marx
------------------------------------------- - ---------------------
15. C. Wittke, .., . 60-61.16. . Draper, .., . 656.
-
78
, -;
, Marx Engels , . ' , Marx Weitling : Marx, Karl Marx , , . 30 1846, Annenkov, Marx, , Marx17. , Marx Annenkov . Isaiah Berlin ,
, , Ruge, Freiligrath, Heine, Annenkov, , , , ,
, Marx -
17. . . Nicolaievsky . Maenchen-Helfen, .., . 125. Engels, Marx Neue Rheinische Zeitung, Marx, [ ] , (. F. Engels, Marx and Neue Rheinische Zeitung mo K. Marx - F. Engels, Selected Works, .., . II, . 32).18. I. Berlin, .., . 77.
-
79
19. ' , Marx . - - - .
------------------------- -------------- ----------------------------
19. Marx , . :) Schurz, L. S. Feuer, Marxism and the Hegemony of the Intellectual Class, .., . 42-43) Techow, L. Schwarzschild, The Red Prussian, The life and legend of Karl Marx, Pickwick, London 1986, . 211-212 ( , .., . 68, . Heinzen Marx). Marx, ., , Kamenka . Kamenka (ed.), Ideas and Ideologies, Intellectuals and Revolution, Edward Arnold, London 1979, . 83: Marx : , , , . , , Marx, .
-
80
5
Marx Engels
Marx 18471, Engels :
, , , , 2.
, Marx Engels . . , , . Marx Engels . - . Marx Engels , , ., , , Marx Engels :
1. Marx Engels , . . Nicolaievsky . Maenchen-Helfen, .., . 129 . .2. F. Engels, The History o f the Communist League, .., . 15.
-
81
, , , . , , , .
, , , , . , : ; ; Marx Engels ; , , . , , , , , , Marx Engels, . , , : , , , . , , , ; Marx Engels , , -;
----------------------------------------------------------------------
3. . Marx - F. Engels, Manifesto o f the Communist Party K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 6, . 497
-
82
, , . , Marx Engels . Namier,
1847-8, [...] *.
, Marx Engels 1847-1848 , , , , . , 1848, , , 1848-1849 - . , , , Neue Rheinische Zeitung . , , , Marx Engels, , , , . , Marx Engels Andreas Gottschalk , Willich - Schapper , , .
Marx Neue Rheinische Zeitung 1848,
4. L. . Namier, 1848: The Revolution of the Intellectuals, Proceedings o f the British Academy, (12 1944), . XXX, . 5.
-
83
. , Weitling, - : , ; , , Marx, Andreas Gottschalk, , Marx , :
; , , ; , , , , 5;
Marx, Gottschalk, :
, [ Marx], [...] : , , , , , ?.
, ,
-------------------------------------------- "
5. Gottschalk Marx , Freiheit, Briiderlichkeit, Arbeit, 25 1849, . Nicolaievsky . Maenchen-Helfen, .., . 199. Marx - Gottschalk, . A. Gouldner, .., . 121-126.6. . Marx, Montesquieu LVI, Neue Rheinische Zeitung K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 8, . 266.
-
84
Weitling - Marx. , , : Marx , , 7. Gottschalk, , Marx Engels, - . , , . 8.
, , , , Marx : Marx, , , . , , , , , 1840 . , - , . , Weitling , , Andreas Gottschalk, 9.
7. Marx , , . . :) 1. Berlin, .., . 119) . Nicolaievsky . Maenchen-Helfen, .., . 143.8. A. Gottschalk, .., . Nicolaievsky . Maenchen-Helfen, ..; . 199.9. , , 1840, , . : . . Noyes,
-
85
, - . , . , . , , , . , , , Marx Engels, Weitling Gottschalk. , , , Marx Engels , Gottschalk, , , , , 10.
------------------------------- ----------~
Organization and Revolution, Working - Class associations in German Revolutions o f 1848-1849, Princeton University Press, 33Princeton 1966, . 9 . . , 1848-1849, : ! , . . Noyes, .., . 22, : , , - , - .10. Marx Engels , habits- noirs, (. Marx - F. Engels, A. Chenu, Les Conspirateurs de la Hobbe, La naissance de la Republique K. Marx- F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 10, . 31 . .).
-
86
, , Marx , , - , Willich - Schapper, . , , 1850 , Marx 17 1852". Nicolaievsky Maenchen - Helfen,
Willich , [...] , Willich . Marx, , Willich, , . , . Marx , Willich 12 (. ).
, , , , Marx . , . , 13 -
11. , . . Nicolaievsky . Maenchen-Helfen, .., . 211-240. , Marx . Societe Universelle des Communistes Revolutionnaires .12. . Nicolaievsky . Maenchen-Helfen, .., . 231.13. , , , . . Draper, .., . II, . 550-554.
-
87
', 15 1850, Schapper 14. Marx . , Willich - Schapper, Marx :
. , . : 15, 20, 50 , , : , . , 1*.
, , , :1 . Marx . , , - , , , , Marx Engels.2. - .
----------------------------------------
14. . Lfiwy, .., . 153-155, - , , , .15. Minutes of the Meeting of the Central Authority, September 15, 1850 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 10, . 626.
-
88
, , , . , Schapper :
, , '6 (. ).
Schapper , , , . . - , , . . , 17. , , , Marx , , :
, . . , , . -
16. .., . 628. , Schapper Kommunistische Zeitschrifi 1847: : , , [...] ( . Draper, .., . II, . 552).17. Noyes, , , , . - (Noyes, .., . 36 - . ). , Noyes, .., . 41, Weitling , , Marx.
-
r * (. ).
, , Marx, , . , Fichte , . , Marx, Rousseau Fichte , , , . . , , - . , - , , , . , . , Marx Engels. . . - - , . , Marx Engels - . - , . ,
89 -------------------------- ------- '
18. Minutes of the Meeting of the Central Authority, September 15, 1850, .., a. 628.
-
90
- , Voltaire Fichte, Marx, Engels. , , , . , Marx Engels , .
-, [ Engels], [...] , , . ' , , , , 19 (. ).
; . , , . , , Marx Engels . ,
19. F. Engels, Letter to Marx, 13 February 1851 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 38, . 289, Marx, .., . 286, Marx : , , . . , , , .
-
91
, .
, , , , - , , , .
--------------------------'-------------------------------------
-
92
6
- ;
- , 19 , , Feuer, Avineri Gouldner, , . , Alvin Gouldner :
, , . : , , - ; (. Gouldner).
, Gouldner, Marx Engels. , [] , , 1840, Marx, Stimer, Proudhon . , Proudhon
1. , , . , . , 1993, .233-236.2. .., .7,12.
-
93
, Marx 1846. , , , Marx . , Marx Engels .
, , , Marx Engels, Lewis Feuer , , :
, [ Feuer], Marx Engels . ; Marx Engels [...] , [...], , . , , [...] , [ Feuer], - Marx: . Marx Engels .
, Marx Engels, Feuer, Gouldner , :
-------------------------------------------
3. Marx Proudhon, , . . Nicolaievsky . Maenchen-Helfen, .., . 122-123. Proudhon Marx P. Ansart (ed.), Proudhon, Textes et debats, Librairie Generale l?rani;aise, 1984, . 56-60.4. L. S. Feuer, Marxism and the Hegemony of the Intelletual Class, .., . 53-54.
-
94
, , . , - . , Marx - - . , - , .
, . Marx, , , - - - . , - , Engels, , Marx Engels , . . , , - Marx Engels, , . , , - , ^ . , , ,
5. , Engels: , , , ,
-
95
Marx Engels . , , Gouldner, - , . , - . , Marx Engels , - , Feuer, Gouldner . , Marx Engels , Feuer .
, [ Marx Engels], , , , , , , . , , , , 6.
---------------------- --------------------------------------------
. , , , (. Engels - F. Engels, Letters Horn Fiance K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 10, . 35).6. K. Marx - F. Engels, Manifesto o f the Communist Party, .., . 494. , , . Marx - F. Engels, The German Ideology, .., . 52.
-
96
Marx Engels . , , , . , . , - - , , ., , . Gouldner,
. : (1) , -
7. , The Formation of the Marxian Revolutionary Idea , The Review o f Politics, July 1950, . 12, No 3, o. 298, o Eric Voegelin : , Marx Engels, (. ). , Marx, Voegelin , , .8. Marx Engels, Auguste Blanqui - (. A. Blanqui, Lettre a Maillard, 6 Juin 1852 A. Blanqui, Textes choisis, V. P. Volguine (ed.), Editions Sociales, Paris, . 127-140).
-
97
, (2) . , , - . , -
9 .
, Gouldner Feuer, , , : - , , , ; , , Marx Gouldner. , Marx :
, . , , , ".
, Marx
----------------------------------------------------------------------
9. A. W. Gouldner, .., . 33.10. . Marx, Preface to A Contribution to the Critique o f Political Economy mo K. Marx - F. Engels, Selected Works, .., . I, . 356.11. K. Marx, Moralising Criticism and Critical Morality mo K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 6, . 330.
-
, , . , . , , - - , Engels . , , , : , Marx Engels - . , Feuer, Gouldner , , , ., , . , , Mannheim , . , , , Avineri. - >
Marx , Marx [...]
12. . Draper The exceptional cases . Draper, .., . II, . 507-510.
-
r ( [...] , . .
, , Avineri Marx , , , , , Mannheim. , , Marx - .
. , , Marx Engels, , .
99 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
13. S. Avineri, "Marx and the intellectuals. Journal o f the History o f Ideas, - 1967, t.XXVIII, 0.276-277.. , , B.Parekh, Marx's Theory o f Ideology, Groom Helm, London 1982, o Parekh : " Marx , , '' [...] , . , " (.., . 174). , Marx " .14. , , . D. Lovell, .., . 131-147.15. K.Marx-F.Engels, The German Ideology, .., .45.
-
100
, , () . , . , , Marx Engels, - , , . , " " . , , Marx, Engels. icqj " " , , , . , , , Marx Engels , , . , , ' Marx Engels -" ". , , Feuerbach:
. (. Marx).
16. ..,. 59-60.17. .., .6018. .19. Contra Lowy, .., . 132-133.20. Marx.
-
1 0 1
., Marx Engels - . , . Marx, , . ;, Marx, , .
, , , , Marx Engels.
1. - , , , , , / . Marx Engels .2. , , , , . , , .
------------------------------ ------------- -
21.. K.Marx, The Eighteenth Brumaire o f Louis Bonaparte K. Marx-F.Engels,Collected Works, .., . 38, . 61-67.
-
102
3. a priori , .4. , , [ , , - ], : . , , .
, , , Marx, , , . , , , , , Marx - . - - , - , - . , - , - , - . - - - , - Marx, Engels, -, - . , [ , , Marx
-
103
Weitling], Engels Marx . , , , , . , , , , . , , Marx Engels , . , Engels Marx . , Engels :
, Mosi [Moses Hess]. . , , , satisfaits. - , , . , (. Engels).
----------------------------------- '
22. . ) F. Engels, Letter to the Communist Correspondence Committee, 16 September 1846 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 38, . 61-67. ) F. Engels, Letter to the Communist Correspondence Committee, 23 October 1846, .., a. 81-86.) F. Engels, Letter to Marx, Middle of November - December 1846, .., . 89-94. ) F. Engels, Letter to Marx, 13 March 1852, .., . 39, . 66-69.23. S. Avineri, .., . 257.24. F. Engels, Letter to Marx, 25-26 October 1847, .., . 38, . 138-139.
-
104
, Marx Engels, , , . , , , . , , Marx Engels , Weitling, Schapper, Willich . , , - , - - . - , /- - , , - . , Hegel , Marx Engels () . , , . - , Marx Engels - . , , . , , , , Marx Engels,
-
105
- . , , , Marx Engels , - . , , Marx , , ' Feuerbach, - . , Istvan Meszaros,
, [ Marx], , : . (. Meszaros).
, Marx Engels , - . , , , - . - , , . , , Rubel, -" ":
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
25 .1. Meszaros, .., . 184. :) . Draper, The Principle of Self-Emancipation in Marx and Engels, The Socialist Register 197J, . 95-96. ) M. LOwy, .., . 122-123.
-
106
, [ Rubel], , .
Marx , Rubel; - - - . , , , de facto , , . , , - . , Marx . Engels, - . , . , , , - .
, , , Marx Engels, - - - , , 1847. - , . , Jean-Jacques Rousseau -
26. . Rubel, Socialism and ethics Rubel on Kart Marx, Five Essays, J. O Malley and K. Algozin (eds and trans), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1981, . 68. . M. Rubel, .., . 30-33.
-
107
; , , , Pierre Joseph Proudhon; , . , - Marx, Engels, , . , Marx Engels . , , - - . , , , /.
--------------------- -------------------------------------------------
-
I l l
7
Marx, Engels :
1864 Marx Engels, Nicolaievsky Maenchen-Helfen1. , . - , - , , Marx Engels.
Le Lubez, [ Marx Engels], pour les ouvriers allemands, , , . Eccarius, , , , . , , (. Marx).
, , Marx Engels, . Engels, , , 3 (. ). ,
1. . Nicolaievsky . Maenchen-Helfen, .., . 276 . .2. . Marx, Letter to Engels, 4 November 1864 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 42, . 15-16.3. F. Engels. Letter to Marx, 7 November 1864 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 42, . 20.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
112
. , , , , , 4. , , , , , 5. Marx - - , , , 6. , , Marx , .
18 1864,
4. Paul Thomas, Karl Marx and the Anarchists, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London 1980, . 256, , , , , . , Alvin W. Gouldner Against Fragmentation, .., . 143, : , ... , , , , ., David W. Lovell Marx's Proletariat: The making o f a myth, .., . 170- 171, Collins Abramsky : , , .5. . Nicolaievsky . Maenchen-Helfen, .., . 281.6. Marx Engels, 14 1864 . Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 42, . 22: ' ' , [ Marx Engels], . , (. )
-
113
, Marx , , . Engels :
, Le Lubez , , [...] [...] , declaration des principles 40 10 [...] [...] fortiter in re, suaviter in modo7
, - , , , , . , - , , Rousseau , 7 II . , Marx , , . , Marx Engels [] , [] , [] 8. - , , . , , Marx Engels .
7. . Marx, Letter to Engels, 4 November 1864 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 42, . 17-18.8. B. Nicolaievsky O. Maenchen-Helfen, .., . 283-284.
---------------------------- -------------------------------------
-
114
G.D.H.Cole, :
/, , - , , , .
, Marx . Weydemeyer 29 1864, :
. , , , 0 (. Marx).
, Marx, - Marx 11 - . , , , Marx
9. G.D.H. Cole, A History o f Socialist Thought, Marxism and Anarchism, 1850-1890, The Macmillan Press, London 1954, . II, . 92.10. K. Marx. Letterto Weydemeyer, 29 November 1864 K. Marx -F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 42, . 44.U .K . Marx, Letter to Engels, 11 September 1867 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., 42, . 424: Les choses marchenl. , , , ( ), (. Marx).. Richard Hunt Marx : Engels ... Manchester, , Marx (R.N. Hunt, The Political Ideas o f Marx and Engels, The Macmillan Press, London and Basingstoke, . II. . 272).
-
115
, . , , , Marx, , , :
, , , , n (. ).
, , Engels13, . , , , Marx - , , . , , , : , -; , : -; , , , Marx , , , , . , ,, Hunt, Marx 14,
--------------------------------------------- -
12. . Marx, Letter to Kugelmann, 17 March 1868 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., t. 42, a. 552. II, . 92.13. F. Engels, Letter to Bebel, 20 June 1873 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 44, . 511.14. R.N. Hunt, .., . 270.
-
116
, , Marx Eccarius:
Marx , Eccarius15.
, , , Marx : ; , , , , . , Marx . (1866) , - , - Tolain - -16. 25 20, - Marx , sotto voce, 17.
15. .., . 274. , Hunt, .., . 272, Marx , , 1869. . Nicolaievsky . Maenchen-Helfen, .., . 285, , , Marx (. ).16. . Draper . Draper, Karl Marxs Theory o f Revolution, Monthly Review Press, New York and London 1978, . II, . 555 . .17. Marx : monsieurs - 'travailleuus manuels , , - . Odger, .
-
117
, , - , 18.
, , Marx : , - 19, , - - , 20. , 21. -
--------------------------------- --------- ----
(. Marn-Letter to Engels, 26 September 1866 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 42, . 318).18. Marx, , (. Marx, Letter to Bolte, 23 November 1871 . Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 44, . 256). Marx :) . Marx, Letter to Engels, 13 March 1865 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 42, . 130.) . Marx, Letter to Engels, 26 December 1865 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 42, . 206-207.19. - - , [ Marx Engels]. . Marx , Letter to Engels, 29 July 1868 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 43, . 75-76).20. ., , Marx Eccarius Lessner , (. Marx, Letter to Eccanus and Lessner, 10 September 1868 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 43, . 93-94).21. , Marx (... Hunt, .., . 273).
-
118
, - , - . , , , . , 22. Marx Engels, , . , Marx . Schweitzer, 13 1868, Marx , :
[...] [...] , , [...] [ ], , , , 1' (. Marx).
22. Cole, .., . 265-266, Marx , , , . , , [...], .23. . Marx, Letter to Schweitzer, 13 October 1868 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 43, . 132-134
-
1 1 9
, , , Marx :
]. , .2. , de facto .3. , . , , - .
, - , [ ] . , . , , Marx - Rousseau , Emile. , Rousseau, , Rousseau , -, Marx Rousseau .
, , Marx - , , , -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
: -;
120------------------------------------------------------------------
-
121
8
-: - .
1, Marx . 2. , , ; -, , , ; , Marx, :
[ ] - . , (. ).
' ------------------------------------------------------------------
1. . Marx, Provisional Rules o f the Association K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 20, . 14.2. Marx, . , , (Record o f Marx's Speech on the Seventh Anniversary o f the International K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 22, . 633-634). Marx , , , .3. . Marx, Inaugural Address o f the Working Men's International Association K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 20, . 12. , , Maximilien Rubel, (. Rubel, .., . 73).
-
1 2 2
, Marx, -, , 4, . , Marx 5.
, Marx , , , : . , , Marx, - , Rousseau. Marx , ( , de jure ) ( , de facto ). . , , , , . , , , - , . / , , , 4. . Marx, Inaugural Address o f the Working Mens International Association, .., .20, . 12.5. , Marx - .
-
1 2 3
, . , , Marx Engels . , - , , . , . , , .
, , -; , Marx . , - , , , , - - , , , . , - -
------------"--------- -----------------------------------
6. , Marx, (. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 15). , , , Marx : - , (. Marx, Amendments to the General Rules and Administrative Regulations o f the International Working M ens A ssociation A dopted by the General Council in the Summer o f1872 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 23, . 201). . Marx, Letter to Lafargue, 21 March 1872 (K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 44, . 346).
-
124
., , - Marx Engels , . , , - , , - , -. , , , , Marx . , Rousseau, Ficthe , , [ ]. , . , , - . , , , - , .
, - ,
7. . Marx, Letter to Engels, 25 February 1865 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 42, . 109:"0 , [ Marx], , ..., , , , . , .
-
125 ------------------------ ------------ -
() () . , , , Marx , .
-
126
9
: .
, 1869, , L Alliance Internationale de la Democratic Sociale. , , 1, , , 2. , 1864, , . , 1867 - , , . , 1868, - , - 3. Alliance Internationale de la Democratic Sociale. , ,
1. . :) A. Kelly, Mikhail Bakunin, A study in the Psychology and Politics o f Utopianism, Yale University Press, New Haven and London 1987, . 158 . . . 161- 162.) G. Woodcock, Anarchism, A History o f Libertarian Ideas and Movements, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth 1986, . 121-123.2. . , ! (. Bakunin, The Reaction in Germany S. Dolgoff (ed.), Bakunin on Anarchism, Black Rose Books, Montreal - New York 1980, . 57).3. . Nicolaievsky . Maenchen-Helfen, .., . 304: [ ] , , . , , . .
-
127
Carr :
[] [...] , , , ! , -
4 .
, / , riptv, , , , - , . Nicolaievsky Maenchen-Helfen,
[] , L Alliance Internationale de la Democratic Sociale, , . [...] , , , .
, ,
------------------------------------------------- "
4... Carr, Michael Bakunin, The Macmillan Press, London 1937, . 345. , Carr Nettlau, : , [ Nettlau], , , , , (. - Nettlau G.P. Maximoff (ed.). The Political Philosophy o f Bakunin: Scientific Anarchism, The Free Press, Glencoe, Illinois 1953, . 44).5. B. Nicolaievsky O. Maenchen-Helfen, .., . 304-305.
-
128
, . , , - .
, Marx Engels . , , . , , , . , , Marx :
, [ Marx Lafargue], , , [...] . , [...] .(. )
, Marx
-
129
, Marx , , .
, :
; , , .
, , Marx . , Marx, .
[ ] ^ .
, Marx . ,
---------------------------------------------- --
Intemational, mo . Marx -F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 23, . 79-123, . 102 . .9. Marx - G.D.H. Cole, .., . 116-118.10. . Bakunin, The International and . Marxvt o S. Dolgoff (ed.), .., . 293.11.K. Marx, Letter to Kugelmann, 13 October 1866 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 42, . 326-327.
-
1 3 0
. , Marx , , -
13, Marx , . , , Marx , . , [...]. , . , , Marx - , , - , . , , . , , Isaiah Berlin, :
m i tier : , ,
12. . Bakunin, The International and Karl Marx, .., . 298.13. .., . 299.14. , , , , Marx lumpen-. , . . Bakunin, The International and Karl Marx, .., . 294.15. M. Bakunin, Statism and Anarchy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1990, . 182.16. M. Bakunin, The International and Karl Marx, .., . 299 . .
-
131
(. Berlin).
, , , . , , , . , ,
[ ] , : [...] . , [ ] , (. ).
, . ; ;
-------------------------------------------- '
17. P. Thomas, .., . 287. Berlin , Rousseau : [] , , [...] (J.J. Rousseau, The Social Contract, .., . 87).18. . Bakunin, The International and Karl Marx, .., . 300-301.19. , .., . 302, . , . ;
-
132
. , Marx Engels , , . Marx , . , . , - - . Marx, , . , , -
. , [...] .20. Marx Engels , ., :) . Marx, Confidential Communication . Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works. .., . 21, . 113.) F. Engels, Declaration sent by the General Council to the Editors o f Italian Newspapers concerning Mazzinis articles about the International K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Wo/ks, .., . 23, . 61.21. Marx: , [ Marx], ..., , , (. Marx, The General Council o f the International Working Mens Association to the Central Bureau o f the International Alliance o f Socialist Democracy, .., .45).
-
133
22 (. ). , ; , , , - - . , , Marx . , , , .
, , , . , , , . , - , , - . ,, Marx
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------
22. . Bakunin, The International and Karl Marx, O.K., o. 302-303.23. , - - Marx : , [ Marx], , , , , (Record o f Marx's Speech on Secret Societies K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 22, . 261).24. , The International and Karl Marx, .., . 302, [ ], , , .
-
134
, : -; , , , - - , - Marx , .
-
135
10
Marx - : ,
- . , Marx , Marx , , .
, [ ], : . . ?.
, - , [...] : 2. , - , . , , :1 . , ;2. -;
,
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. . Bakunin, The Policy o f the International S. Dolgoff (ed.), .., . 167.2. M. Bakunin, The Program o f the Alliance S. Dolgoff (ed.), .., . 255.
-
136
Marx. , . , , , Marx, .
, , [ ], . , , . [...] , (. ).
, , , . , , , . , 4 ,
3. . Bakunin, The Policy o f the International, .., . 166. . . Bakunin, Federalism, Socialism, Anti-Theologism S. Dolgoff (ed.), .., . 113, Rousseau: [ ], . - , , .4. . Bakunin, The Policy o f the International, .., . 167: : (. ).
-
137
, .
, [ ], , . , ^ . (. ).
, , , Rousseau Fichte / . , , . , - - . , . , , , . , / -
*---------------------------------------------------------------------
5. .., . 166-167.6. Program o f the Alliance, , .., . 254-255, : , [ , ]. - . , , .7. . Bakunin, The Policy o f the International, .., . 167.8. M. Bakunin, Science and the Urgent Revolutionary Task G.P. Maximoff (ed.), ..,. 355: , [...] , , ; , , , ;9. . . Bakunin, The Policy o f the International, ..,. 161,
-
138
, :
, , , , . , , . , , . , , , , .
, , , . , Marx, .
. , , .
, , , .10. . Bakunin, Letters to a Frenchman on the Present Crisis mo S. Dolgoff (ed.), .., . 212.11. M. Bakunin, National Catechism mo S. Dolgoff (ed.), .., . 92.
-
139
Marx, , , :
, , - ( - , 2.
, : , - -- , , - , . , , Marx, Engels . , , [] , , Marx Engels, , , , .
, , Sonvillier 12 871.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
, . . Bakunin, Federalism, Socialism, Anti-Theologism S. Dolgoff (ed.), .., . 112-113.12. M. Bakunin, Protestation o f the Alliance mo G.P. Maximoff (ed.),o.7t., . 320-321.
-
140
; . , , , (, .
, , Marx - - .
, , ^ .
Marx ( Engels), , -. : -- ; , - ,
13. Marx Engels . Marx - F. Engels,Fictitious Splits in the International, K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 23, . 115.14. . Engels , :) F. Engels, Letter to Bert. 7 June 1872 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 44, . 392.) F. Engels, Letter to Caliero, 14 June 1872 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., o. 397.) F. Engels, Letter to Cuno, 5 July 1872 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 408.15. K. Marx - F. Engels, Fictitious Splits in the International, .., . 115.16. F. Engels, Letters from London K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., .23, . 283.
-
141
, | . , ; . . , , Engels . , , - : ! [ Engels ] . , ; - - - , - ; , - - . , , -, , Marx Engels, / , . , Marx Engels , .
Marx - 1872.
-------------------------------------
17. F. Engels, On Authority . Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 23, . 423.18. .., . 425.19. F. Engels, Letter to Lafargue, 30 December 1871 K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., . 44, . 286.
-
142
Marx - , .
[ ] , ; , ; , , , , , (. ).
, , Marx, , , . , - , , Marx Engels, , () . Marx Engels, , , -
' ' * ' ' ' ' * , . , , , : , . , , , , -
20. . Marx, On the Hague Congress K. Marx - F. Engels, Collected Works, .., .23, . 255.21. . . Bakunin, Federalism, Socialism, Anti-Theologism, .., . 142.
-
143
22 (. ). , , , - - , . , Engels: ; , ; , , , :
, , , . , . (, . , (. ).
, , . -
------------------------------------------------- -- ------------------
22. .., . 145.23. , Marx , , , , . , , , (. Bakunin, The Paris Commune and the Idea o f the State S. Dolgoff (ed.), .., . 270).24. M. Bakunin, The Knouto-Germanique Empire and the Social Revolution G.P. Maximofff (ed.), .., . 259-260.