a biomimeticapproach to architecture and design · 8/23/2016 · architecture, arts and biology...

A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and DesignNASA Biomimicry Summit 2016 Petra Gruber

A Biomimetic Approach to Architecture and Design

Petra Gruber

University of AkronMyers School of Arts / Department of BiologyBiomimicry Research and Innovation [email protected]

© Bruno Stubenrauch


nature technology

abstraction

principle

technologicalprocesses

biologicalprocesses

extended basic research

methods


biology

architecture

criteria

order

propagation

energy

homoeostasis

evolution

information

self organisation

limitationur

ban

desi

gn

build

ing

proc

ess

mat

eria

l

anal

ogy

com

paris

onas

soci

atio

nco

nver

genc

etr

ansf

orm

atio

n

growth

reaction

growth

reaction

signs of life


projects

SPACEbioinspired design for space

BIOSKINenergy efficient facade of the future

BIORNAMETICSpatterns from nature for architecture

GrABGrowing As Building


Biomimetic design proposalspillbug shell, katharina fuchs 2007

space

shape/space change


Transformation structure|space2005space loggia, stefano caneppele

space

shape/space change


Lunar Base DesignVienna University of Technology, Alcatel Alenia Spazio 2005

lunar exploration architecture



Lunar Base DesignVienna University of Technology, Alcatel Alenia Spazio 2005


bioinspired energyefficient facade systems

• adaptive• multifunctional• integrated• dispersed• energy efficient• communicative

BioSkin Research potential forbioinspired energy efficient facades


facade issues

lightheat protectionair exchangecoolingenergytransportsustainability

40 detailed questions biologised

change/filter/control wavelengthtransmit light with minimal loss of

intensitydirect/guide lightbundle lightintensify light - luminosityuse light effectivelytransmit light over (long) distancesgenerate lighttransmit light selectivelydisperse/scatter lightgenerate constant luminance/light

densitychange/control transmission factorchange/control

reflectance/reflectivitygenerate sunshadeavoid lightreact/adapt to changing light

conditions

database of 240 models

Fibers guide light: venus flower basket

Facets in insectsLeaves focus light: begoniasLenses in eyesCrustacean optical systemsBrittlestar calcite microlensesButterfly scales - structural coloursFeathers - reflectivity and structure



database of 240 models from nature

Fibers guide light: venus flower basketFacets in insectsLeaves focus light: begonias

Lenses in eyesCrustacean optical systems

Brittlestar calcite microlensesButterfly scales - structural coloursFeathers - reflectivity and structure

abstraction of principles and 30 selected models

light transfer by fibres and crystalsvenus flower basket

light transfer by lensen and facetsfacets in insects

photonic structurebrittlestar calcite microlenses

priorisation according to:• facade technology• technological transferability• scaleability of phenomenon • availability of basic research

development oftechnical concepts



self shading by shapecacti

assumptionarea: ~ 450m²

height: 80m 8 different shapes

analysis:influence of shape on energy managementself shading – passive cooling effect

[D. Bach, FH Villach, Masters Biomimetics in Energy Systems)



Science to architecture : design by research

BIORNAMETICS

Barbara ImhofPetra Gruber

Waltraut HohenederIlle GebeshuberGeorge JeronimidisClemens Grünberger

Greg LynnKristy BallietJustin DilesKlaus BollingerGeorg Gläser

Moritz DörstelmannBika Sibila RebekJoseph HofmarcherLisa Sommerhuber

Hisham Abdel-AalNatasha Chayaamor


!

DatabaseFunctionalgroups



Working models15_Pufferfish

!

!

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Simulations12_Giant clam

!

Rules:• Width growth• Curvature degree• Translation height

BIORNAMETICS

Doc. No.: Project

Issue: 0 Date: 20-Apr-11

Revision: Date:

Page: 78 of 122

Figure 11-17: Generating rules: width growth and curvature degree

© Biornametics 2010

Shape Construction Rules:

� Width growth � Curvature degree � Translation height

This simple rule constitutes the basis behind all rim-growth: The outer edge of the shell is translated in the direction of growth - effect being the expansion of the shell.

� Curvature change

Exploration example: By varying the starting conditions and then just letting the simulation do the rest, surprisingly varied final forms can be achieved. Noteworthy is that once the generating rules are defined, only initial and growth parameters are varied. Any construction method following these rules would by definition also be able to achieve this range of results.

!!



Fibres and bundlesGlobal and local shape changeAdaptivity and reactivity




© GrAB

GrAB - Growing As Buildingtakes growth patterns and dynamics from nature andapplies them to architecture with the goal of creating anew living architecture.

Barbara Imhof, Petra GruberWaltraut Hoheneder, Viktor GudenusDamjan Minovski, Tanja Oberwinkler

Julian Vincent, Thomas SpeckAngelo Vermeulen

Andreas Körner, Rafael Sánchez Ceren Yönetim, Mohammedneja Shikur


GOALS


Selfdesigning Building

Speed of Action

Self-organisation

Change of Material Structure

Carnivorous Plants

Sensing LightCucumber

Sensing VibrationSpider

Sensing Temperature

Tulip

Sensing Humidity

Stork’s Bill

Sensing Stress

Building from Bottom Up

Chemo-sensors

Sensing air pressure

differences

Parasitic and symbiotic behavior

ExplorationDeployment

HornbeamPellen dispersal

Sensing Humidity

Pine Cone

Temperature Control Wall

Insulation when Needed

Bilding form Top Down

Self-repairing Building

Changing Wall Openings

Slime MoldSelf HealingBanjanBoneFruits/ Eggs/ Coconut Lichen

Sensing Temperature

Sensing Humidity

Safety / Reliability Actuation Hirarchical

StructuringDampening BehavioursSensing Light

Architectural Targets

Growth-related principles

ANALOGIES

Biological role models

© GrAB


BIOLABEXPERIMENTS


SLIME MOLD


Local printerMaterial cycle



research at BRIC

• further exploration of the overlap between architecture, arts and biology

• material and structures• selfassembly and selfdesign• energy • sustainable design

• link to additive production technologies• establishment of the biomimicry fablab


resources

www.bionicfacades.netwww.biornametics.comwww.growingasbuilding.org

ISSN 1748-3182BIOINSPIRATION &BIOMIMETICSLearning from nature

iopscience.org/bbSpecial sectionBioinspired architecture and construction

GUEST EDITORS: PETRA GRUBER AND GEORGE JERONIMIDIS

Volume 7 Number 1 March 2012

WHAT IS THE ARCHITECT DOING IN THE JUNGLE?BIORNAMETICSEDITED BY BARBARA IMHOF, PETRA GRUBER

biornametics_280x187_n 13.11.12 10:49 Seite 2


Research potential for bioinspired energy efficient facades

thank you!petra pruber [email protected]

a biomimeticapproach to architecture and design · 8/23/2016 · architecture, arts and biology...

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