A Brief History of Psychology

Chapter 1, Section 2

Essential Question

Has the field of psychology evolved over time and, if so, what has led to this process?

I CAN-

● Explain important trends in the history of psychology

● Identify various approaches to the field of psychology

● Analyze why Sigmund Freud smokes cigars

Introduction

● Psychology has molded from other sciences○ Greek philosophers○ Reliance on observation

● Phrenology- practice of examining bumps on a person’s skull to determine that person’s intellect and character traits

○ Phrenology activity - 10 minutes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80dZ71Km6_g&feature=related

Clip- 3:30

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nck46Bzt2c

Clip- 1:20

Phrenology accurately identifies personality traits….. Do you….

Drag your dot to indicate whether you agree or disagree:

Agree Disagree

Historical Approaches

1. Structuralism2. Functionalism3. Inheritable Traits4. Gestalt

Structuralism● Wilhelm Wundt- a psychologist who

studied the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences○ Established modern psychology as

a separate, formal field of study○ First “Laboratory of Psychology” in

Leipzig, Germany○ Developed method of

self-observation

Functionalism

● William James taught first class in psychology at Harvard University● Considered “Father of Psychology” in America● Studied how animals and people adapt to their environment

Wundt and James as founders of psychological practice:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SW6nm69Z_IE

1:10 minutes

Psychology 101 Video

Why was Wilhelm Wundt’s introspection method criticized, and what did Wundt’s & James work help to shape?

Inheritable Traits

● Sir Francis Galton● www.youtube.com/watch?v=yP27i05-vTg● Understand how heredity influences a person’s abilities, personality, behavior● A person’s heredity and environment interact to influence intelligence● Helped to create modern personality and IQ tests● https://www.123test.com/iq-test/id=DBSOVFQREJ1L&version=

Click on the IQ test box and take the IQ test on the left, then draw or type your result in the space provided:

IQTEST

Gestalt Psychology

● Gestalt means “whole pattern”● Argued that perception is more than the sum of its parts

○ Imagine a chair… what do you see?

■ Do you imagine a whole chair or do you recognize the legs, seat, back?

● Forerunner for cognitive approaches to the study of psychology

Part 2- To Be ContinuedThe Contemporary Approaches

Contemporary Approaches

1. Psychoanalytic2. Behavioral3. Humanistic4. Cognitive5. Biological6. Sociocultural

Psychoanalytic

● Sigmund Freud○ Psychoanalyst ○ More interested in unconscious

thought○ Believed unconscious mind

controlled behavior○ https://www.youtube.com/wat

ch?v=L1ya3HFN2bM

Talking Theory

Free Association

○ Revealed operation of unconscious processes

○ Dream analysis

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZq_U2hbnvs

ANSWER AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE WITH THE FIRST WORD THAT OCCURS TO YOUR MIND:

Turtle

Psychosexual Stages

According to Freud, which was the psychosexual stage he wasn’t able to complete as represented by his cigar use?

Oral Anal Phallic Latent

Behavioral Psychology

● Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, John B. Watson● When you investigate observable behavior● Ivan Pavlov- Classical Conditioning

○ Pavlov’s Dog experiment

○ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4fti1n2kmss

● BF Skinner○ Reinforcement- response to a behavior that will increase the

likelihood or repeated behavior

Humanistic● Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, Rollo May● Each person has freedom in directing his or her future and potential to develop

○ Individual or self-directed choices influence our behavior

● Emphasizes personal growth

Is this statement true or false?According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, one must fulfill physiological needs before (s)he can attempt safety needs.

True False

Cognition

● Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky● Concerned with how thinking

processes, such as intelligence and problem solving, can be used to deal with problems or to develop a healthy personality

Biological

● Biological factors influence our behavior

● Modern PET, MRI scans● Genetic factors influence a

wide range of human behaviors

Sociocultural● Studies the social and

cultural influence on behavior

● Way we think, feel, behave may be linked to culture

● Also concerned with issue of gender and socioeconomic status

Drag your dot to how you are feeling:

Keep going, I understand I’m a little confused Stop, I need help!