a brief of the korea historykowon.dongseo.ac.kr/~hjlee/history/korea-brief history.pdf ·...

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A Brief of the Korea History

이훈재(李焄宰) HoonJae Lee

Div. Computer & Information Eng.,Dongseo University

[email protected]

Chronicle of Korea

BC2333-BC 108

BC.238-BC1st

BC57-668 668-918918-1392

1392-1910

1910-1945

1945-

GoJoSun

(古朝鮮)

Nangrang

BukBuYeoDongBuYeo

JolBonBuYeo

DongOkJeo

NamOkJeo

BukOkJeo

WiMan

Han-5-Gun

SamHan

(Wae)

GoGuRyeo

BaekJae

Silla

GaRa

(GaYa)

(Wae)

Unified Silla

BalHae

(Wae)

GoRyeo

Yo

Kum

Won

(IlBon)

JoSun

Myng

Chung

(IlBon)

Japan-Invaded

(IlBon)

DaeHan Min Gug

(R.O.K

Korea)

CHINA

(JAPAN)

http://www.skypdf.commailto:[email protected]

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한국역사 연대기

BC2333-BC 238

BC.238-BC1세기

BC1세기-668

668-918918-1392

1392-1910

1910-1945

1945-

고조선

(古朝鮮)

낙 랑 국

북 부 여

동 부 여

졸본부여

동 옥 저

남 옥 저

북 옥 저

위 만 국

한 5 군

삼 한

(왜)

고구려

신 라

백 제

가 라

(가야)

(왜)

신 라

발 해

(왜)

고 려

요

금

원

(일본)

조선

명

청

(일본)

일제강점기

(일본)

대한민국

중국

(일본)

국가계보 대강 (II)

BC2333 BC194

BC108

BC57 668

918

1392 1910 1945

BC18 660

고조선(古朝鮮)

고구려

신 라

백 제 고려 조선

부여옥저동예

대한민국

http://www.skypdf.com

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Three Kingdom（57BC-AD668)2

GoJoSun（2333BC-108BC)1

Unified Shilla（676-918) / Balhae3

GoRyeo（918-1392)4

JoSun（1392-1910)5

Japan Colony（1910-1945)6

The Division of Korea7

Korea War（1950-1953)8

Economic Boom In South Korea9

1. GoJoSun [고조선] (2333BC-108BC)the origin of Korea

n According to the Dangun creation mythological Origin

n Dangun WangGeom establish the old JoSun in Manchuria.

n The national idea of Korea is based on “Hong-ik-in-gan (弘益人間)”, Devotion the welfare of world-wide human being

n DanGun JoSun : 48 DanGuns(Kings)

+ GiJa JoSun

+ WeeMan JoSun


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“고조선의 강역을 밝힌다”의 고조선 강역- 저자: 윤내현교수, 박선희교수, 하문식교수


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Where is Manchuria

2. Three kingdoms (57BC-AD688)

Among three Kingdoms, GoGuRyeo[고구려], 37BC-AD668, was the second to become a developed nation. It became a powerful country in the Manchuria and northern Korea peninsula.


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The culture of GoGuRyeo is characterized by a valiant spirit

A hunting scene from a GoGuRyeotomb

BongWhang, mythical bird from Heaven, GoGuRyeo tomb mural

BaekJe [백제](18BC-AD660)

n The BaekJe Kingdom was situated in the southwestern region of the Korea peninsula.

n It import Chinese culture and introduced Buddhism to Japan.

n King Gaero is moved the capital to the BukhanMountain Fortress in 132, probably in present-day Gongju, to the southeast of Seoul.

n King Sung, the 26th King of Baekje, moved the capital city to Sabi(Buyeo) that had a good life environment with its beauties of nature.


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Gilt-bronze Incense Burner of BaekJe in National Museum of Buyeo

Standing Buddha and attendants, BaekJe---Tokyo National Museum

Silla [신라](57BC-AD935)

n Situated in the mountainous region in the southeast of Korean peninsula, Silladeveloped later than the other two kingdoms.

n It gained strength in the 7th century and joined forces with the Dang Dynasty of China to defeat the BaekJe and GoGuRyeo Kingdoms unifying the Three Kingdoms.


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CheomSeongDaeis an astronomical observatory---You can see it in GyeongJu city, GyeongSangBuk-Do province

Buddhist Statuary---National Museum of Korea

3.Unified Silla and Balhae통일 신라 발해

Unified Silla (Period: 668-935)

• In 660, King Muyeol of Silla ordered his armies to attack Baekje.General Kim Yu-shin, aided by Tang forces, conquered BaekJe. After that Gaya also came under Silla.


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3. Unified Silla and Balhae (cont.)

n It unified the southern portion of the Korean peninsula. Unification of The then three kingdom Baekjae, Gaya and Silla made the Unified Silla.

nUnified Silla lasted for 267 years until 935. it fell to Goryeo .


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n Unified Shilla (668-935) made a public administration reform (provincial level, district level and so on), tax system reform as well as military reform

n Shilla enhanced her relationship with China and Japan, especially tradedevelopment with Japan


n During this time, culture and technology significantly advanced in Unified Silla.

n It integrated the cultures of GeGuRyeo, BaekJe and Silla, thus laying the foundation for a sophisticated national culture.


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nDuring the Silla Period, Korean arts flourished dramatically and Buddhism became a large part of Silla culture.

nThe temple Bulguksa are examples of advanced Korean architecture and Buddhist influence.


n Bulguksa Temple, Seokguram Grotto and Divine Bell of Seongdeok the Great are cultural heritage of the world.

nGyeongju, the 1000-year-old capital of Silla remains as a gigantic open-air museum where one can see the splendid history of Silla.


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Bulguksa Temple, a Buddhist temple in GyeongJu city, the north Gyeong Sang provinceof South Korea

Divine Bell of Seongdeok the Great, casted in 771 A.D. and the largest bell in Korea and one of the largest in the World.It is stored in the National Museum of Gyeongju

Gyeongju National MuseumSeokguramGrotto at Gyeongju National Museum


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Balhae: [발해]Period: 698-926 AD


n The displaced people of GoGuRyeofounded Balhae in Manchuria and Northern region of Korean peninsulaafter Silla unified the Three Kingdoms.

n Balhae styled itself as GoGuRyeo'ssuccessor state, the culture, the government structure and geopoliticalsystem.


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n The culture, define “Malgal” underlies the Balhae culture. Central Asian and Siberian elements were also added to Balhae.

n In Balhae there was relative peace andstability. Balhae flourished, especially during the long reign of the third EmperorMun (r. 737-793) and King Seon.


nBalhae was severely weakened by the 10th century, and the Khitan Liao Dynasty conquered Balhae in 926.n No historical records from Balhae have survived, and the Liao left no histories of Balhae.


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4. GoRyeo[고려] (918-1392 AD)

Wang Geon (877-943), the founder of Goryeo dynasty


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4. GoRyeo (918-1392 AD)

n The GoRyeo dynasty was founded

by Wang-Geon, a descendent of

the GoGuRyeo dynasty.

n The present name of Korea comes from GoRyeo or GoGuRyeo(GoRee)

n The GoRyeo dynasty centralized the political system and adopted Buddhism as the national religion and Confusciasm as its political ideology.

4. Goryeo (918-1392 AD)

n The Goryeo dynasty was highly interested in education. It built schools and implemented the civil service examination system to hire talented citizens as government officials. This led to the emergens of the “literati”.

n During the Goryeo dynasty science made much progress. The study of astronomy and an almanac were developed for use in the agricultural economy.


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4. Goryeo (918-1392 AD)

n The development of celadon pottery flourished in the 12th and 13th century.

n The publication of Tripitaka Koreanaonto 80,000 wooden blocks and the invention of metal-type printing press in A.D. 1234 attest to Goryeo's cultural achievements. This invention of metal-type press predated its European counterpart by 200 years.

4. Goryeo (918-1392 AD)

nMany Buddhist and Confucian Goryeo artifacts were lost to forign invasions. However, Goryeo established a flourishing Buddhist-centered culture.


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4. Goryeo[고려] (918-1392 AD)

n The Triptaka Koreana (Gorteo Daejanggyeong) in the Haeinsa Temple, statues of Buddha and pagodas show the Goryeo peoples deep respect for Buddha the beauty of Buddist art.

n The beautiful Goryeo Cheongja or blue jade green celadon is representative of Goryeo craftsmanship.

Kjk

The Triptaka Koreana (Gorteo Daejanggyeong) in the HaeinsaTemple and Some of the

more than 80,000 woodblocks

used to print the Tripitaka

Reconstructed Goryeo pagoda


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The metal printing type the earliest known book printed with

movable metal type.

5. JoSun [조선]

n The JoSun Dynasty was establishedin 1392 by Lee, Seonggye, a militarycommander of the Goryeo dynasty.

n It lasted for 500 years, until Koreawas occupied by Japan in 1910.

n Josun adopted Confucianism as itspolitical ideology that focused onmorality, education, and social order.


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Lee, Seonggye, the founder of JoSun Dynasty


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5. Josun [조선]

n King SeJong (1418-1450) was the4th king of the Josun Dynasty.

n He is considered to be the greatest king in the history of Korea.

n He was a distinguished linguist, and is known to have been knowledgeable on phonology.

King Sejong the Great


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5. Josun (Con’t)

nAt that time, he criticized the present of using only Chinese characters and invented the Korean Script Hangul (hunminjeongeum), phonetic symbols that harmonizes with the characteristics of the Korean language.

5. Josun (Con’t)

nHunminjeongeum (the Korean Script) means the upright sound that teaches the people.

n Afterward, the name was chaged to [hangeul] (the Korean language), which means great language, and had been called so till the present.


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King sejong and the Hunminjeongeum

King Sejong the Great and South Korean 10000 won


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nScientific instruments such as sun dial, water clock and rain gauge; court music; and musicalinstrument were developed during Sejong’s reign.

nSejong was credited the title"King Sejong the Great ofJosun”

5. Josun (Con’t)

5. Josun (Con’t)

n Between 1592-1636, Korea suffered two foreign invasions: Japanese and Chinese Invasion.

– In 1592 Japan invaded Korea because Korea refused the passage of Japanese troops to conquer China but Korea was able to handle (turtle boats and the increase of people as well as withsupports from China)

– This lasted for seven years and ended in 1599


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Statute of Admiral Yi Sunshin in Gwangwhamun, Seoul, S. Korea

Turtle Boat


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5. Josun (Con’t)

– Manchus invaded Korea in 1636 due to the fact that Korea refused to acknowledge the sover-eignty of the empire of Later Chin.

– The Kingdom of Josun was ended in 1910 when Japanese troops took over the power and that marked the beginning of the Japanese colony upon Korean territory

6. Japanese Colony

n The Japanese colony over Korea lasted for thirty five years (1910-1945)

n Koreans were able to demonstrate a series of protests which later known as theMarch First Independence Movement (1919). This had lead to a violence that killed about 7,000 Koreans and limited their rights


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6. Japanese Colony (Con’t)

n Moreover, Koreans were conscripted as laborers and soldiers in the Japanese Imperial Army

n Korean Language and newspapers wereforbidden and Korean citizens were encouraged to use Japanese name

n In August 15, 1945, Korea gained indepen-dence as Japan surrendered after theWorld War II

7. The Division of Korea [한국]

n After the Japanese Colony, Korea wassupposed to gain independence but ,incontrast, he was divided into two:

1. The Republic of Korea or South Korea supported by the USA in August 15, 1948

2. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea or North Korea controlled by the Soviet Union in September 9, 1948


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Map During Korean War

8. Korean War

n The North Korea invaded South Korea on June 25, 1950.

n With better weapons, North Korea tookonly three days to control Seoul

n The US was fear that this would lead tothe communist aggression elsewhere inthe world, thus asked the United Nations Security Council to intervene


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8. Korean War (Con’t)

n In September 15, 1950, the UN forces in Korea lunched its attack and took much of the control from North Korea before China came in October 1950

n The war lasted until July 27, 1953 whena cease-fire agreement was signed atP’anmunjom.


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Korean Refugees During the Korean War

Pictures of Korean War


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The Civilian Death During the War

9. Economic Booming In S. Korea

n Human Resource Development

n The adaptation of An Outward-Looking Strategy (Labor Intensive Manufacture)

n Raising funds to foster needed industrial development


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Korean’s Economy in 2007

Han River In 1961


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Han River In 2009


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Business District

City Hall


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City Hall

Skyscrapers


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International Convention Center

COEX


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Jongno Tower

3 Secrets of the Miracle of Han River: GAP

nG: Government

nA: Assistance from International Community

nP: People’s will to make a better Korea


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Bibliography

n Introduction To Korean History And Culture, Andrew C. Nahm

n Country Profile, Library of Congress-Federal Research Division

n http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Korea

n http://www.google.com/images

n http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Joseon_Dynasty

역사 연대표 (1)

고조선

古朝鮮

구석기신석기

삼국三國

http://www.skypdf.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_ohttp://www.google.com/imageshttp://www.absoluteastronomy.com/t

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고구려高句麗

백 제百濟

신 라新羅

삼국

三國


통 일신 라

統一新羅

삼국

三國


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고려

高麗

역사 연대표 (5)고려

高麗

조선

朝鮮


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조선

朝鮮


조선

朝鮮


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조선

朝鮮


일제강점기

日帝强占期


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대한민국

大韓民國


대한민국

大韓民國


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삼국유사에 古朝鮮이라니?

2008.4.8 군위군 고로면 인각사 발굴현장 일연스님 찬가비문

일연스님과 군위 인각사

군위군 고로면 인각사 일연스님 영정 훼손된 보각국사 비


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삼국유사의 고장 군위

군위군 효령면 장군1동(양지 나실), 장기2동 (음지 나실) – 삼국유사의 고장 기념비

삼국유사의 고장 군위

군위군 효령면 장군1동(양지 나실), 장기2동 (음지 나실) – 삼국유사의 고장 기념비


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“한국상고사입문”의 고조선 강역

빗살무늬토기 출토지역-고조선 청동기문명


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고조선의 특이사항

1. 가림토(加臨土) 문자

∙ BC. 2181년 가림토 38자 제정

∙ 한글 24자 이 안에 모두 포함

∙ 세종실록 25년 12월 조 기록

“上親製諺文二十八字其字倣古篆”

훈민정음의 뿌리 가림토 문자

n 언문은 모두 옛 글자를 본받아 되었고, 새 글자는 아니다. 언문은 전(前)조선시대에 있었던 것을 빌어다 쓴 것이다......

(세종실록 103권; 세종23년에 발표한 글)

n 이 달에 상감께서 친히 스물여덟자를 지으시니, 그 자는 고전(古篆)을모방한 것이다....

(세종실록25년;훈민정음창제당시의 첫 발표문)

n 계해년 겨울에 우리 전하께옵서 정음 스물여덟자를 창제하시고, 간략하게 예의를 들어서 보이시면서 이름지어 가로되 훈민정음이라 하시니, 상형하되 글자는 옛날의 전자를 본따고.......

(해례서문:훈민정음 제작원리를 설명한 책, 정인지)

n 언문은 모두 옛글자를 근본삼은 것으로 새로운 글자가 아니며 곧 자형은 비록 옛날의 전문을 모방했더라도 용음과 합자가 전혀 옛것과반대되는 까닭에 실로 근거할 바가 없는 바입니다.....

(한글재창제를 반대하는 최만리와 당대유학자들의 집단 상소문)


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가림토 문자

n 3대 가륵단군(기원전 BC2181년) 배달국시대부터 전해오는 녹도문자 대신 배움이 부족한 일반백성들이 사용하기쉽게 한글의 원형인 가림토문자를 만듬

n 훈민정음의 원형 :세종대왕이 한글을 재창제하기 3600 여년전

가림토 문자

n 일본의 신대문자


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가림토 문자

q인도의 구자라트 문자v타밀어 : 구자라트 지방에서 사

용하는 언어

v유사어 :

v구자라트 한글은 가림토가 인도의 문화권에서 변형발전된것임 < 김병호박사>

우리말 타밀어 우리말 타밀어

엄마 엄마 보다 봐

아빠 아빠 오다 와

나 난 나라 나르

너 니 너 이리와 너 잉게와

q산스크리트어와 한글의 유사성v산스크리트어 알파벳

§ 꺼커거…, 쪄쳐져…,떠터더…,뻐퍼버…,쎠허§ “ㄱ”에서 시작해 “ㅎ”으로 끝남

q터키어와 한글의 유사성v어순이나 셈하는 방법이 우리말과 동일

v우리말과 비슷한 말을 600개나 가려놓은 논문이 있음(이규태)

가림토 문자


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q몽고 파스파 문자v발음체계가 한글과 동일한 오음구조(어금니소리, 혀소리, 입술

소리, 잇소리, 목구멍소리)

v단군세기

§ “제 4대 오사구단군때 황제의 동생 오사달을 몽고리한으로봉한다”라고 기록

q수메르 문자v유사 어휘

우리말 수메르 말 우리말 수메르 말

아버지 ABBA 밝 음 BAR

엄 마 UMMA 달(月) DAL

한 AN 대가리 DE-GAL

칼 KAL

가림토 문자

갑골 문자


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가림토 문자n 가림토 문자는 세계 각지로 퍼져나가서 그 흔적이 남아있음

– 일본의 신대문자

– 중국의 갑골문자

– 인도의 구자라트 문자

– 몽고의 파스파문자

n 가림토의 역사

– 알파벳 : 3000여년 전

– 가림토 : 4200여년 전, 알파벳 자모 포함(X,O,M,P,H,I)

n 가림토 문자는 일본, 몽고, 인도문자의 원류

v단군조선의 강역은 몽고, 인도, 중국, 한국에 걸친 광대한 제국

감 사 합 니 다.

a brief of the korea historykowon.dongseo.ac.kr/~hjlee/history/korea-brief history.pdf ·...

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