A cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can carry on life's functions.

What is a cell?

WHAT?

1. Cells are the building blocks of organisms.

2. Each cell must be able to do jobs to keep it alive such as growing, developing, and using energy. They also must be able to reproduce to make more cells.

Who discovered cells?

• There were many scientists who were involved in the discovery.

• Its started with Hans and Zacharias Janssen. This father and son team created the first compound ( 2 lens) microscope.

• They however did not use this microscope to observe cells.

Then there was Robert Hooke in 1665

• Robert Hooke was an English Scientists that looked at cork under a compound microscope.

• He observed little empty

boxes that he called CELLS because they reminded his of rooms where monks lived.

Hooke’s drawing of cork

No one knows what he looks like. His portrait has not been seen since 1710.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

• Had a drapery business and would use simple lens to examine cloth.

•He would use his lens to examine nature.

•He noticed small living things living in a drop of pond water. He called these creatures “animalcules”.

Matthias Schleiden

• German botanist (scientist that studies plants) who viewed different parts of plants under a microscope such as leaves, stem, and roots.

• He discovered that they were made up of cells.

Theodor Schwann

• Was a German zoologist (scientist that studies animals) who views animal parts under a microscope and discovered that animals were made up of cells.

The observations of these and many other scientists led to the creation of the

cell theory.

The cell theory states:

1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells.

2. The cells in all organisms have the same basic parts and the same job to do.

3. All cells come from cells that already exist.

Notes:• Cells are the building blocks of

organisms. Each cell must be able to do jobs to keep the organism alive.

• Cells were first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665. He looked at a piece of cork under a microscope and saw little empty boxes which he called cells

Yeah more notes:

Cell theory is based on the findings of many scientists. It contains three parts:

1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells.

2. The cells in all organisms have the same basic parts and the same job to do.

3. All cells come from cells that already exist.

There are 2 types of cells.

• Prokaryotic- Cells that do not have a nucleus. These are bacteria cells.

• Eukaryotic- Cells that do have a nucleus. These are plant and animal cells

Yeah I love taking notes

There are two types of cells.

1. Prokaryotic cells- are cells that do not have a nucleus. Example- bacteria

2. Eukaryotic cells- are cells that do have a nucleus. Example- plant and animal cells.

Cell Structures

• Cell is made up of many parts called organelles.

• Organelles are like "the organs of the cell". 

Cell WallCell wall

Found only in a plant cell.

The cell wall is a stiff and rigid structure located on the outside of the cell.

Gives the plant cell a rectangular shape.

Cell Membrane Cell membrane

Cell membrane

•Found in both a plant and animal cells. 

•In a plant cell, the cell membrane is located just inside the cell wall. 

•In an animal cell, the cell membrane is the outer boundary. 

•Its job is to allow certain materials to enter (oxygen, food, water) and leave (waste) the cell.

CytoplasmCytoplasm

Cytoplasm

Found in both a plant and animal cells.

Cytoplasm is a gel-like material that fills up the empty space within a cell.

It holds the other organelles.

Cytoplasm is constantly moving inside the cell.

Nucleus

nucleus

nucleus

Found in both a plant and animal cells.

The nucleus controls all of the cell's activities.

Nuclear Membrane

Nuclear membraneFound in both a plant and animal cells.

The nuclear membrane separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. 

The nuclear membrane controls what enters and leaves the nucleus.

Chromatin

Chromatin

Found in the nucleus of both a plant and animal cells.

Made up of DNA.

Chromatin contains all the information about the organism, such as what type of species it is, how it looks, and how it acts.

"blueprints of an organism".

NucleolusNucleolus

Found in the nucleus both a plant and animal cells.

The nucleolus tells the ribosomes how much and what type of protein to make.

It is in charge of making proteins.

Endoplasmic Reticiulum (ER)

Found in both a plant and animal cells.

The ER is a folded membrane that moves materials around inside the cell 

It extends from the nucleus to the cell membrane.

The ER acts like a conveyor belt for the cell.