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    Chapter I

    THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

    Background of the Study

    A child or students interest is the most basic

    element that makes a group learning system work in an

    organize way. From the head to the base members of this

    organization, the condition of one may affect the others.

    This kind of educational system is comparable to a series

    light connection where in the state of one greatly

    affects the others. Population and the percentage within

    that population which causes negative feedbacks can be

    the primary reason of a poor product. The group or

    classroom type of organized way of learning has given

    that impact to the community being the commonly used

    system. Its effectiveness has been proven and has never

    been out of fashion.

    The relationship between the students physical

    presence on class discussions and their learning

    performance are greatly relative. Class participation is

    just one way of measuring a childs learning ability. In

    a class, the teacher-student relationship is one of the

    most fundamental units in students learning.

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    Learning in a system of group collaboration is one

    of the best ways in gaining knowledge. It is a teamwork

    which the framework relies on an individual learning from

    the others and others learning from that individual.

    When a student misses a day of school he/she must

    have lost the chance to hear others, interpret and

    analyzing the lessons or joins the interaction within the

    class. This lost is being rooted to two different courses

    and varying factors under these courses. The inquiry

    might be a family situation or an individual problem.

    Then, under these courses are the factors that contribute

    to a childs regular truancy. These may be finance

    concerns, disability, psychotic imbalance, poor school

    climate, family health, transportation problems, drug and

    alcohol use, and differing community attitude towards

    education (Savers, D. etal,2005).

    Absenteeism in one angle view point is one of the

    most common causes of degrading performances of the

    students. Especially to those who are included in the

    advance intelligence curriculum, absenteeism causes a

    great lose and may result to giving up an aimed position.

    It can also cause social repletion especially when a

    class is composed of a great number of students. This

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    habit can cause a dilemma to the school administration

    when big figures are involve and may decrease the

    schools performance. On the other hand, contamination of

    sickness and disease can be avoidable because of the

    absences of a person (Marbuger, D., 2001)

    A students attendance may be the grounds of the

    results of his or her learning performance. School

    administration and faculty may also affect the

    absenteeism rate of their student, and so as the

    population of those who practice absenteeism affect the

    administration and the school itself. There are so many

    fruits that the root of absenteeism can produce depending

    to the situation of the respondent. Hence, this research

    will be conducted.

    Review of Related Literature

    There are a lot of factors which affect the student

    performances in academic areas. One of these is

    absenteeism. Absenteeism is defined to the students as a

    deliberate or habitual absence from going to school.

    Everybody misses a day of school activities and school

    lessons now and then. But it is a problem if the students

    will absent to many days in going to school, this will

    cause serious problems

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    (http://www.enterpreneur.com/encyclopedia/term/82042.html

    ).

    Absenteeism in students affects their school

    performances especially when they are in a group or

    teamwork for their assignments and projects. Since

    grouping will help develops the students cooperative and

    ability to share and gain knowledge from their group

    mates, likewise, the group mates will also miss the

    opportunity of gaining knowledge from the absent student

    (Koppenhaver, 2003).

    According to Schmidt in 1983, absenteeism affects

    the students ability to get high scores in examinations

    which can cause the decreasing of grades or the student

    may fail and will cause him/her to repeat the same year

    level. Students who have spent time attending lectures or

    classes have a significant, positive effect on students

    performance. Students that participated exhibited higher

    grades and scores in examinations that the student.

    Marburger states that the difficulty inferring the

    effect of absenteeism on performance because, once a

    student is absent in a class, he or she may miss the

    opportunity of learning other techniques. He found out

    that missing in class progresses the likelihood of

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    missing examination material covered that day compared to

    the students who were present in the class (2001).

    It indicates that persistent absentees at an inner-

    city school in South Wales had significantly lower self

    concept self-esteem, more deprived socioeconomic

    backgrounds, lower intelligence level, and more

    educational problems to control groups. Suggest that

    remedial measures for absenteeism should focus on raising

    self-concepts and changing attitudes toward school (Reid

    k, 1982).

    Absenteeism is the most significant factor to affect

    the functioning of assembly lines in the development of

    School Administration. Those high levels of absenteeism

    have negative repression colleagues effect to the

    production of quality levels of well trained students

    because of work specialization. The analysis of hundred

    absentees reveals hundred of instances of negative effect

    of building well discipline students for the future. In

    contrast to the empirical evidence it confirms that

    absenteeism produce higher level of problems, that value

    specialization among student has been significant reduced

    in the students achievements (Mateo R, 1998).

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    Students contracts influence teacher attendance

    from the classroom. The teachers attendance has a

    positive and negative effect on interested students

    achieve. How students absences influences their

    teachers-students relationship. Teacher and student

    absenteeism affect the student test score performance

    base on extensive data collection effect, conducted by

    authors. It presents an economic analysis using data from

    over 700 school district in New York State 1986-1987. It

    includes that provisions plays a big rule like (the

    number of unused leave day by teacher will accumulate and

    cash in at retirement may simultaneously bathetic in

    teachers and student (Pitkoff, 19903).

    Teachers who maid and received low performance

    making tend to miss a larger number of days than those

    who did not. Teachers with marks do not feel a connection

    to the workplace and believe they are ineffective in the

    classroom. This gives an impetus for school

    administration to develop teachers growth plan early in

    the academic years for low performing teachers than the

    later in year (Pitkoff, 1993).

    To prevent and correct serious attendance problems,

    schools need to change the way they structured improves

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    the quality of the courses and intensity interpersonal

    relationship between teachers and students (Epstein and

    Sheldon, 2002).

    School refusal behavior is a term synonymously used

    with absenteeism. Classifications of this are the

    following manifestation: social phobia, school phobia,

    anxiety and/or depression and truancy (Daleidan et.al,

    1999). Of all these manifestations, truancy is one that

    presents a diversity of issues of interest to school

    personnel while the others need medical or counseling

    interventions (Williams, 1998)

    The organizational structures and culture of a

    school setting contributes to how students experience the

    system. School characteristics and culture can influence

    student absenteeism (Epstein and Sheldon, 2002). Perhaps

    organizational school structures endorse reward

    particular peer groups while ignoring the others. If so,

    peer identity becomes relevant in schools as the values,

    attitudes and beliefs held within the peer groups

    predispose those in the group to endorse or reject the

    mission of schools. Haris(1996) claims that peer groups

    are more powerful than parents in changing the values of

    an individual. The teenagers class themselves out into

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    peer groups varying in their attitudes towards

    intellectual achievement and can even find anti-

    intellectual groups in middle class neighborhoods and if

    this is the case, the choice of peer group could have an

    effect upon the academic outcome of a student thus,

    causing absenteeism (Hartnett, 2008).

    The curriculum of schools and strength of approval

    against the habitual absenteeism are also cited as

    contributing causes to the problem. It was cited by some

    students as a reason for non-attendance the lack of

    challenging and interesting course work and curriculum

    (Kilpatric, et.al, 1999).Students also cited that

    negative self-image and low self-esteem are reasons for

    absenteeism. The negative self-images are sometimes

    resulting of labeling and tracking within the school

    system (Lotz and Lee, 1999).

    According to Lotz and Lee that mostly of the

    adolescents today receive less supervision than in the

    past (1999). The contributing factors to chronic

    absenteeism involve parental and school-based

    responsibility. In many cases, parents actually condone

    the absence by ignoring excuses when no valid reason from

    school (Kilpatrick, et.al, 1996).

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    A study presents by Unger,Morton and Laing (1997)

    presents the argument that students who participate in

    cooperative experiences, even the cause for this

    occurrence is not conclusive. Students who already

    exhibit absenteeism might be interesting to the programs

    that primarily caused the students to leave school thus

    more day of non-attendance. Students might disassociate

    themselves more from the school setting since they are

    experiencing the world of work. They may have access to

    their own transportation and find easier to be absent.

    This view regarding length of the school day,

    implementations of Blocks Scheduling with few and longer

    periods when compared to a seven period day with shorter

    periods appear to reduce absenteeism. Thus school systems

    implement the six or seven period day of a higher rate

    experiencing absenteeism (Khazzaka, 1997/1998).

    Birman and Natriello (1978) categorized in possible

    explanations for absenteeism into three categories. The

    most common were the students lack of adequate

    socialization and ignorance of appropriate behavior. The

    second group of explanations, the school-level group, was

    primarily concerned with peer pressure and school

    organizational patterns and their adverse effects. The

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    authors labeled the third group societal-level

    explanations. These included changing social mores and

    community values.

    According to Louie F. Rodriguez and Gilberto Q.

    Conchas, this case study explores how a community-based

    truancy prevention program mediates against absenteeism,

    truancy, and dropping out and positively transforms the

    lives of Black and Latina/Latino middle school youth.

    Findings suggest that community-school partnerships are

    critical in the quest to combat truancy and the alarming

    dropout rate among urban youth. This study also shows how

    committed individuals can work to engage and empower low-

    income urban youth who are disengaged from school.

    Extensive interviews and observations with Latina/Latino

    and Black youth demonstrate how the intervention program

    mediates against social and academic failure. Using

    grounded theory, this article explores four student-

    identified dimensions that impact his/her (re)engagement

    with school: (a) the importance of space that promotes

    peer relations, (b) incentive structures within programs,

    (c) the need for social networks, and (d) youth advocacy

    as a mechanism for institutional accountability.

    Implications for combating truancy, reducing dropout, and

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    promoting student engagement are discussed. Reprinted by

    permission of the publisher(2009).

    A case study involving an ethnographic assessment

    of adult English as a second language program at a

    community center in southern Minnesota is outlined.

    Findings revealed that additional curricular structure

    and more effective communication between teachers and

    students regarding content and outcomes were keys to

    reducing absenteeism and those more attentive, respectful

    estimations of students' abilities would ensure effective

    communication and help students develop a sense of

    ownership in their learning according to the study of

    Susan L. Schalge and Kay Soga (2008). According to the

    study of Dube, Shanta R and Orpinas, Pamela, they

    investigated the negative and positive behavioral

    reinforcement profiles of behavior related to excessive

    absenteeism. Negative reinforcement involves avoidance,

    and positive reinforcement involves gaining parental

    attention or getting tangible benefits from not

    attending. Data on school refusal behavior were obtained

    from 99 upper-elementary and middle school students

    referred for attendance problems. Three profiles were

    identified: 17.2 percent of participants attributed

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    absenteeism to both positive and negative reinforcement;

    60.6 percent attributed absenteeism only to positive

    reinforcement; and 22.2 percent had no profile. Findings

    revealed that the three groups differed considerably in

    mean scores for behavioral difficulties: participants

    from the multiple profile groups had the highest level of

    behavioral problems, while participants from the no-

    profile group had the lowest.(2009).

    The British Journal of Educational Psychology states

    lack of adjustment or school failure is a concern to

    educators, educational and school psychologists as well

    as parents, but few studies have focused on school

    adjustment during late adolescence. Moreover, studies

    have yet to explore associations between parenting and

    school adjustment among upper secondary school students.

    Aim the primary objective of this study is to explore the

    relative and unique influence of parental support,

    behavioral control and psychological control

    (overprotection and autonomy granting) in school

    adjustment among upper secondary school students. The

    sample consisted of 564 students (15-18 years of age) in

    vocational and general educational courses from one upper

    secondary school in western Norway. The results showed

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    that perceived parental practices accounted for moderate,

    but statistically significant amounts of variance in

    different aspects of school adjustment. The findings

    indicate that perceived parental socialization practices

    are only moderately associated with school adjustment

    among upper secondary school students. This probably

    reflects the fact that the influence of specific

    parenting practices declines as children and young

    adolescents mature into late adolescent students(2009).

    The study of M. Scott Norton about the ABSENTEEISM

    AND STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT in the year of 2009 the rate of

    teacher absenteeism has been found to be highest in

    elementary schools, schools with lower student

    achievement, schools composed of economically

    disadvantaged and minority students, and schools that do

    not require teachers to speak to their immediate

    supervisor about pending absence, urban school

    districts ... and districts with enrollments in excess of

    257,000. (Pitkoff, p. 39).In schools where students are

    poorest and failing the most academically, teachers tend

    to be absent more often. In one study, the percentage of

    students reading below grade level was found to be the

    greatest predictor of school employee absenteeism,

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    followed by the percentage of students eligible to

    receive free lunch (Pitkoff, 1993). Studies relating the

    direct effects of teacher absenteeism on student

    achievement are limited and tend to differ in their

    findings. For example, in a study that focused on fourth-

    grade reading results, it was determined that teacher

    absenteeism adversely affected student achievement

    (Summers & Raivetz, 1982). O'Brien and others (1982) also

    found negative impacts of teacher absenteeism on student

    learning. Yet, Ziomek and Schoenberger (1983) were unable

    to establish such an association. Studies by Madden and

    others (1991) and by Ehrenberg and others (1991) also did

    not support the contention that student academic

    performance was associated with teacher absence. In view

    of Pitkoff's (1993) finding that school employees rated

    as unsatisfatory tend to be absent significantly more

    days than those rated satisfactory, a reasonable

    conclusion might be that the absence of a "poor" teacher

    does not impact negatively on student learning.

    Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

    The student body is the greatest contributor to the

    success or the ground falling of the school. An

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    individual who have habitually made absences in class may

    have lost the chance of learning. He or she might have

    less chances of getting an aimed position. The school who

    plays an important role to a childs motivation has known

    the impact of absenteeism to a student and to the school

    performance its self.

    The chronic spread of absenteeism may have roots

    that affect the attendance of an individual. A constant

    doing may lead to a constant result, just like Domino

    (Asia Child Data Trend, 2008). Coping up is never easy,

    especially when there is a lot of work to be done. Some

    teachers are also considerate that slows down the run of

    class discussion.

    Absenteeism alone when a large part of the school

    population is involved may not only cause a problem to

    the school but also to the local administration

    (Williams, L., 2001). The performances being recorded at

    the diagnostic tests or midterm exams for example will

    determine the schools performance. And when absences are

    done, it can pull down even the highest scores.

    That is why the results of absenteeism are to be

    identified as so the solutions can be formulated to

    materialize the aims of the school and the individuals.

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    Figure 1. The Schematic Diagram of the Study

    Statement of the Problem

    The study aims to identify the most common effect of

    absenteeism to a student and the whole body as how the

    student and teachers specify each.

    Specifically, the study seeks to answer the

    following questions:

    1. What is the profile of the teacher and student

    respondent in terms of:

    a. Gender

    b. Age

    c. Civil status

    2. What are the common causes of absences done by the

    students in terms of:

    a. Self-Inquiry

    b. Family Problem

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    Socio-Demographic

    profile of the

    respondent:

    Gender

    Age

    Civil status

    Common cause of absence

    Self inquiry

    Family problem

    The effect

    of

    absenteeism

    to students

    learning andclass/school

    performance.

    Conduct a

    Conference

    Dialogue

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    3. What are the effects of absenteeism as grouped

    according to:

    a. Students Learning Performance

    b. School Performance

    4. Is there a significant Difference between the

    perception of the students and teachers on the

    effect of absenteeism in terms of students learning

    and school performance?

    Hypothesis

    Ho: There is no significant difference between the

    perception of the students and teachers on the effect of

    absenteeism in terms of students learning and school

    performance.

    Ha: There is a significant difference between the

    perception of the students and teachers on the effect of

    absenteeism in terms of students learning and school

    Significance of the Study

    In many ways, whether in a tiny scale or in a wide

    range scale the findings of this research will benefit

    the following individuals in their own respective fields:

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    The Student. Once an individual will know the impact

    of his doings, he or she will find ways and means to

    lessen the damage done. It will let this individual know

    the scope of his abilities and the right way of directing

    things especially when he would realize the effect of his

    habitual absences to the school body. To those students

    who do not have the knowledge on this aspect, they will

    be given chance to think, and may join the population

    which influences the declining of absences ratio.

    The Teachers. The teachers who serve as the parent

    when a child is in school will be able to formulate ideas

    on how to reduce the number of students who skip classes

    or who habitually commit to absences. They will be the

    keys of motivation and inspiration of their students.

    The School Administrator. Knowing the effects of

    absenteeism to a student, the school administration is

    the one primarily affected. Their concerns can then be

    discussed with the student body and so as the student

    body sharing their troubles to the administration.

    Through a conference the administration might be able to

    arrive to solutions which can be applicable o different

    situations.

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    The DepEd Authorities. The Department of Education

    main goal is to be able to produce productive citizens of

    the community. Absenteeism is one of the factors that

    disturb the stableness of this goal. When the results are

    evident, the DepEd authorities together with the

    different school administration may arrive to a step by

    step planning to kill the rodents of absenteeism.

    The Parent. The parents are the direct and the

    baseline in communication in relation to their childs

    regular truancy. Knowing the impact of absenteeism to

    their childs learning performance, a parent will be at

    the concerns of convincing their child to attend school

    and protect them from the primary causes of their

    absences.

    Scope and Limitations of the Study

    The study focuses mainly to the effects of

    absenteeism to a students learning performance and the

    schools performance as signified by the teachers and

    students. The respondents are students from Agusan

    National High school, Third Year Science High Curriculum

    and the respective teachers who still belongs to this

    scope. This will determine the impacts of absenteeism

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    into an individual and the body where he or she belongs

    and to arrive to simple solutions on this eye visible

    dame.

    The personal information needed for the study is

    Gender, Age, and cause of absences such as self-inquiry

    and family problem. The effects of absenteeism to

    students learning and school performances are enumerated

    in determining the answers of the respondents.

    Definition of Terms:

    Absenteeism. The regular truancy of a child; The

    habit of having absences.

    Family problem. The problems of the family that

    greatly affects a students attendance to school. This

    includes financial support (the family cant afford

    education or education is not a primary necessity),

    differing community attitudes towards education (The

    people that surrounds home and within it education is not

    given importance), transportation (The family might lived

    in a very rural community where in transportation cannot

    easily reach

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    Individual learning performance. The variation on

    the learning of a student being monitored in different

    ways e.g. class interaction, test results)

    Science High School Students. The students belonging

    to a special curriculum on higher education. Taught

    advance learning in science and mathematics

    Self Inquiry. The problems of an individual or a

    student that affects his attendance to school.

    Specifically social phobia (dont have friends), health

    (always sick), school culture shock (have a hard time

    coping up, might be that the school is too advance or too

    slow.), influences from outside the school gates (sees

    people who cuts classes, Internet and Computer games.),

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    Chapter 2

    METHODOLOGY

    Research Design

    The use of survey approach, in particular the

    utilization of descriptive method was observed in this

    research study. The use of the certain approach was to

    that it corresponds to the main objective of this

    research that is to determine the effect of absenteeism

    to school and individual learning performances among

    third year Science High students of Agusan National High

    School as a basis for a conference dialogue. A survey

    questionnaire will be distributed that has four sets of

    questions to be answered by the students and teachers.

    The quantitative research techniques using Likert scale

    was used to rate the individual and school performance

    due to absenteeism. And also frequency test for the cause

    of it whether it is self inquiry or a family problem.

    Research Locale

    There are several High schools in Butuan City where

    the primary respondents of this research came from,

    Agusan National High School in fact is the largest high

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    school and also has the biggest population found in this

    community, therefore it was chosen for the reality that

    it can determine the impact of absenteeism. The school

    grounds of this said school is found in A.D. Curato St.

    corner Noli Me Tangere St. Butuan City, Philippines. And

    as shown in the map below of Butuan is Area

    52(Piepenbrock G.,2009).

    The respondents of this study came from Agusan

    National High School, specifically those who belong to

    the special curriculum of the Science High School.

    Briefly this curriculum was established in 1994 by the

    administrators of the Department of Education Butuan

    Chapter. The students of the said curriculum are chosen

    especially to undergo advance learning and the teachers

    are also given same importance since it was built. The

    third year students and their teachers in different

    subject areas will be the respondents of this study

    Agusan National High School (ANHS) is one of the

    leading public high school in Butuan City, Philippines.

    It caters the educational needs of most of the population

    in the community. The school has produced competent

    graduates and many of them hold key positions in the

    community.

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    Figure 2. The map of Butuan City showing area 52 as

    Agusan National High school

    The school is strategically located at the heart of

    the city. It accommodates almost ten thousand students.

    It has the biggest population in the whole region Caraga.

    It is manned by 270 strong and competent teachers from

    different fields of specialization under the supervision

    of the Secondary School Principal IV.

    The students are trained in order for them to face

    the future. A graduate of this school is expected to be

    upright in all the aspects in life. Most of all, students

    are trained in order to live independent life ahead and

    become a globally competent Filipino.

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    AGUSAN

    RIVER

    AGUSAN

    RIVER

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    Research Instrument

    The instruments used in the study are the following:

    1. Questionnaire Form. This instrument was structured

    by the researchers to set up the socio-demographic

    profile of the student and teacher respondents. The

    said instrument will be used to determine the

    gender and age of the respondents. The evidences on

    the effects of absenteeism to school and individual

    performances and also its causes whether it would

    be a self inquiry or family problem were also

    listed in different sets.

    2. Survey Questionnaire for Students and Teachers.

    This instrument will be used to determine the

    performances of the student who has frequent

    absences to his classes and his contribution to

    school performance.

    Data Gathering Procedure

    There will be 14 teachers and 89 students who will

    serve as the respondents of the study. They will be

    answering the questions on the survey questionnaire

    organized and distributed by the researchers. They will

    be the one to determine the performances of the students

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    who engaged to habitual absences, and its cause. They

    will be also asked on how this absenteeism affects the

    school performance.

    When the task is duly accomplished and the

    questionnaires were retrieved, processed, tabulated. It

    will be submitted to the analysis of data.

    Sampling Techniques

    The research study made use of the purposive

    sampling technique. There were 36 students and 14

    teachers asked to rate the students learning and school

    performance.

    Table 1.Student Population and Respondents of the Study

    Sections

    (Third Year

    Science High)

    Population Sample

    Male Female Total Male Female Total

    III-Avogadro 9 29 38 4 5 9

    III-Curie 8 26 34 4 5 9

    III-Dalton 10 31 41 4 5 9

    III-Lavosier 12 24 36 4 5 9

    TOTAL 39 110 149 16 20 36

    Table 2.Teacher Population and Respondents of the Study

    Section

    (Third Year

    Population Sample

    Male Female Total Male Female Total

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    Science High)

    III-Avogadro 5 10 15 2 7 9

    III-Curie III-Dalton 1 2 3 0 1 1

    III-Lavosier 4 2 6 3 1 4

    TOTAL 10 14 24 5 9 14

    Note: Some teachers handle the same subject in some

    sections and were not accounted twice.

    Data Analysis

    The researchers will hand the survey questionnaires

    in a manner of strict and proper distribution. The

    gathered data would undergo careful evaluation and

    analysis. For the Socio demographic profile, the

    researchers will make use of corresponding numerical

    value to present the data as follows:

    I. Socio Demographic Profile

    A. Gender

    Numerical Value Gender

    1 Male

    2 Female

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    B. Age (Student Respondent)

    Numerical Value AGE

    1 13-16 YRS. OLD

    2 17-20 YRS. OLD3 21-24 YRS. OLD

    C. Age (Teacher Respondent)

    Numerical Value AGE

    1 20-29 YRS. OLD

    2 30-39 YRS. OLD

    3 40-49 YRS. OLD

    4 50-59 YRS. OLD

    5 60-69 YRS. OLD

    Civil Status for Teacher

    Numerical Value Civil Status

    1 Single

    2 Married3 Separated

    4 Widow

    The Likert scale with 5 point rating is used to

    describe the performance of the students as based in

    their regular truancy within the given 15 fields and

    points of learning. The said scale will also be used to

    determine the effect of absenteeism on the school as how

    its performance is being described by the respondents.

    II. Likert Scale

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    Descriptive Rating Weight Scale Interval

    Excellent 5 4.50-5.00

    Very Good 4 3.50-4.49Good 3 2.50-3.46

    Fair 2 1.50-2.49

    Poor 1 1.00-1.49

    Statistical Treatment

    The following statistics will be used for the data

    analysis:

    1. Mean - The mean is used to determine the general

    description of the effect of absenteeism to the

    performances of a students learning and school. The mean

    will ascertain the fields greatly affected by absenteeism

    as perceived by the student and the teachers.

    2. Chi-square (Test of Independence)- The Chi-square test

    of independence was used as a treatment to this study to

    verify, if any, a significant difference between the

    perception of the teachers and students on the effect of

    absenteeism in terms of students learning and school

    performance.

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    3. Frequency - The frequency is used to determine the

    more frequent occurring rate in the different indicators.

    This will then identify the performing levels of the

    different indicators on the effect of absenteeism on

    student learning and school performance.

    4. Standard Deviation - The standard deviation is the

    statistical measure that sheds light on historical

    volatility of the study which can give a c0omprehensive

    verbal description to the indicators or factors of the

    research study.

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    Chapter III

    ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

    In this chapter the researchers showed the results

    and discussions on the results of the study. Specifically

    it presents the organization on the problem stated in the

    first chapter.

    Problem 1. What is the profile of the teacher and student

    respondent in terms of: Gender, Age, Civil status?

    Table 3.Respondents According to Gender

    GENDERSTUDENT TEACHER

    FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

    MALE 16 44% 5 36%

    FEMALE 20 56% 9 64%

    TOTAL 36 100% 14 100%

    As shown in Table 3 majority of the student

    respondents are female which is composed of 20

    individuals or the 56% of the100%. The table also shows

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    the greater number of females of the teacher respondents

    which totaled 9 or 64% of the 100%.

    In further discussions the population of both

    students and teachers are composed of more female

    respondents with a fraction corresponding to males number

    of respondents.

    Table 4.Student Respondents According to Age

    AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

    13-16 YRS. OLD 36 100%

    17-20 YRS. OLD 0 0%

    21-24 YRS. OLD 0 0%

    TOTAL 36 100%

    Table 4 shows that all of the student respondents

    which is 36 in number belonged to the age bracket of 13-

    16 years old. This is then interpreted that 100% of the

    students belong to the Third year of High school that

    corresponds to the scope of the study.

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    Table 5.Teacher Respondents According to Age

    AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE20-29 YRS. OLD 1 7%

    30-39 YRS. OLD 5 36%

    40-49 YRS. OLD 2 14%

    50-59 YRS. OLD 5 36%

    60-69 YRS. OLD 1 7%

    TOTAL 14 100%

    In Table 5 the data shows that most of the teachers

    belonged to the 30-39 years old bracket and 50-59 years

    old age bracket. In the following classification, each

    have 5 respondents or each had 36% of the total

    population as the research was being conducted.

    Table 6.Teacher Respondents According to Civil Status

    CIVIL STATUS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

    SINGLE 3 21%

    MARRIED 11 79%

    SEPARATED 0 0%

    WIDOW 0 0%

    TOTAL 14 100%

    As being shown in the table above, most of the teacher

    respondents were married at a population of 11 out of 14

    or 79% of the total 100%. The rest of the respondents

    were classified single which is 3 in number or 21% of the

    total.

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    Problem 2. What are the common causes of absences done by

    the students in terms of: Self-Inquiry or Family Problem?

    Table 7.Primary Cause of a Students Truancy as

    Perceived by the Students and Teachers

    CAUSESTUDENT TEACHER

    FREQUENCY PRRCENTAGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

    SELF

    INQUIRY 21 58% 6 43%

    FAMILY

    PROBLEM 15 42% 8 57%

    TOTAL 36 100% 14 100%

    Self- inquiry is the main reason for a student to

    make an absence as what is being taken notice by other

    students that is being certified by Table 7. The

    resulting calculation shows that 21 students agreed to

    the fact to the said hindrance or the 58% out of the

    100%.

    The teacher respondents look at the situation in a

    different angle, and most have agreed that family problem

    have caused the truancy of their students. Out of 14

    respondents, 8 sees that the lack of family support had

    pushed absenteeism to what it is now. Statistically these

    8 respondents compose the 57% of the total 100%

    population of teacher respondents.

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    According to Williams, the students decision on a

    school based problem will not be taken responsibility by

    the school or the family. His regular absences will take

    a part on what he learns and because of some conditions,

    like social phobia or unsustainable community practice he

    will have the reason to quit school.

    Another claim from Haris was to be given attention

    for as far as his research had shared; he claimed that

    peer groups are more powerful influences in changing an

    individual than thy very own parents. And influences like

    this especially the not so good ones must have been

    provoking such individual in skipping school. But his

    research also discussed that there are times that the

    condition of oneself must be a priority. Sickness can be

    a factor to a self-inquired reason on absenteeism that

    must address an urgent action. Furthermore this citation

    agrees to the side of the student respondents that self-

    inquiry is a justified reason and adequate enough to be a

    basis of absences.

    Other authors, like Hartnett have seen another

    breakthrough to similar studies such as this. He have

    witnessed some occasions where in the family itself

    cannot provide a good education for its younger members.

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    The lack of enthusiasm in some communities towards

    education has also influenced the attitude of a certain

    group of people towards educational link, thus

    absenteeism was observed. This is true to what the

    teacher respondents have observed in their school.

    Problem 3. What are the effects of absenteeism as groupedaccording to: Students Learning and School Performance?

    Table 8. Effect of Absenteeism to Students Learning

    Performance as Perceived by Student and Teacher

    Respondents

    Indicators

    Student Teacher

    Mean VD SD VD Mean VD SD VD

    1. The students participation on

    oral discussions. 2.14 F 1.05 VG 1.86 F 0.86 G

    2. Performances in group work. 2.33 F 1.07 VG 2.07 F 0.92 G3. Scores in Quizzes. 2.31 F 0.89 G 2.36 F 1.22 VG

    4. Techniques in coping up. 2.39 F 0.93 G 1.71 F 0.73 G

    5. Social relation with Teachers. 2.50 G 1.06 VG 2.00 F 1.18 VG

    6. Social Relation with classmates. 2.92 G 1.20 VG 2.14 F 1.23 VG

    7. Contribution to lesson

    application. 2.14 F 0.90 G 2.14 F 1.03 VG

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    8. General Average. 2.17 F 0.88 G 1.93 F 0.92 G

    9. Speed of analysis and

    comprehension. 2.42 F 1.08 VG 1.71 F 0.83 G

    10. Expressing ideas clearly

    through writing 2.47 F 1.03 VG 2.00 F 0.96 VG11. Discuss topics convincingly. 2.08 F 1.05 VG 1.93 F 0.83 G

    12. Transform ideas through graphic

    organizers 2.11 F 0.95 G 1.93 F 1.00 VG

    13. Total exam points. 2.03 F 0.97 G 1.86 F 1.10 VG

    14. Coverage of topics being

    organized in class. 2.14 F 0.93 G 2.00 F 0.88 G

    15. Variation on student's

    abilities. 2.25 F 1.05 VG 2.36 F 0.74 G

    TOTAL 34.39 F 15.04 G 30.00 F 14.41 G

    Table 8 above shows the result on the respondents

    reply to the problem being brought to them by the study

    on what is the effect of absenteeism to a students

    learning performance. The table summarizes the results

    tabulated data.

    As shown by the table, both teacher and student

    population agreed that students perform fairly in class

    even if they go through regular truancy. Furthermore it

    can be recognizable that in a total of 34.39 at a verbal

    description of fair and at a total standard deviation of

    15.04 at a verbal description of good the students look

    at absenteeism as a fairly hindrance to a good education.

    This conclusion is not so far to what the teachers

    have perceived. At a total mean of 30.00 at a verbal

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    description of fair and a total standard deviation of

    14.41 at verbal description of good, the teachers also

    sees absenteeism as not good nor too bad for a students

    learning performance.

    Evidently, the indicator of the highest mean for the

    students is number 2 which is the social relation with

    classmates, which has a numerical mean of 2.92 and is

    described to be good. Due to the said statement we can

    draw out a line of judgment that a student who commits

    absenteeism is sought to be still socially connected with

    his fellow student. It can also be observed that the

    student respondents see that an individual who commits to

    such habit have low performances in total exam scores at

    a 2.03 total mean and a description of fair.

    On what is also evident on that table the teacher

    respondents have given a comprehensive result. Indicators

    3 and 15 achieved a fairly high performance. Both the

    students scores in quizzes and variation on abilities

    have a total mean of 2.36 with a verbal description of

    fair. And that indicator 4 and 9 got the peak of the

    lowest that had a total mean of 1.71 at a description of

    fair each. It can then be derived from the results that

    the teachers sees a great difference in the techniques of

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    coping up and speed of analysis and comprehension of a

    student who commits to regular truancy.

    According to Schmidt, absenteeism affects the

    ability of the student to get high scores in examinations

    especially when the day before that, he was gone. Coping

    up with such situation on a high standard curriculum is

    no easy task and difficult in so many aspects.

    Marbuger stated in one of his published material

    that inferring and coping up in a state of absenteeism is

    practically low than other tributes of a supposed to be

    high standard student. He also stated indirectly that

    other than any other capacities of a student like those

    which are naturally inherited or inhibited are not so

    much affected by absenteeism, an example is

    socialization.

    Though most see socialization a big problem in

    absenteeism, it not actually applicable to all, such that

    it can be a talent being outgoing, Koppenhaver quoted in

    one of his research with Marbuger.

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    Table 9.Effect of Absenteeism to School Performance as

    Perceived by Student and Teacher Respondents

    Indicators

    Student Teacher

    Mean VD SD VD Mean VD SD VD

    1. Performance in Diagnostic Tests. 2.33 F 0.83 G 1.79 F 0.89 G

    2. Performance of the class. 2.42 F 1.00 VG 1.79 F 0.80 G

    3. Mean result. 2.25 F 0.91 G 1.79 F 0.97 VG

    4. Teachers performance. 2.81 G 1.04 VG 2.21 F 1.05 VG

    5. Educational problems in groups 2.39 F 0.69 G 1.86 F 0.95 G

    6. Functioning and assembly of the

    School administration. 2.53 G 0.91 G 1.79 F 0.97 VG

    7. Disciplining of other students

    who have been influenced by

    absenteeism. 2.58 G 0.91 G 2.21 F 1.19 VG

    8. Performance in quarter

    examination. 2.22 F 0.87 G 1.79 F 1.05 VG

    9. Drop-out rates. 2.19 F 1.04 VG 1.79 F 1.12 VG

    10. Teacher interests on teaching. 3.11 G 1.21 VG 2.71 G 1.44 E

    TOTAL 24.83 F 9.39 G 19.71 F 10.44 VG

    Students, as what is evident on Table 9 above have

    generally voiced out a fair performance on the school

    performance as absenteeism is being observed as a main

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    factor. A total mean of 24.83 can be taken from the said

    table that represented the rate of the student respondent.

    On the other hand, the teacher respondents where

    honest enough to give a comprehensive result of total

    mean 19.71 and is described fair in school performance

    with absenteeism as a factor.

    Among the student responses the highest performing

    indicator is the teachers interest in teaching which

    obtained a mean of 3. 11 and had a verbal description of

    good. But, along with this, the students gave the lowest

    mean or the fairly performing indicator to the schools

    performance in quarter examination with a mean of 2.22.

    As what can be observed on the table above, the

    teacher respondents also have their own opinions on how

    absenteeism affects the school performance. To them, like

    the students, the teachers interest in teaching is not

    so much affected by absenteeism on a class. It can be

    observed that a verbal description of good at a mean of

    2.71. More indicators above were rated lower at a mean of

    1.79 at verbal description of fair. These are the

    performance in diagnostic tests,performance of the class,

    mean results, functioning and assembly of the school

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    administration, performance in quarter examination and

    drop-out rates.

    According to Mateo in year 1998, absenteeism is the

    most significant factor to affect the functioning of the

    school assembly and development. The observed absenteeism

    among students greatly decreased their academic

    performance and thus affects the output of the school

    reports in every year end. But these would not mean that

    the facultys interest will be affected, absenteeism

    mainly concentrates it negativity on the resulting

    performance.

    Problem 4. Is there a significant Difference between the

    perception of the students and teachers on the effect ofabsenteeism in terms of students learning and school

    performance?

    Through the effective formula of chi-square

    test of independence, the researchers were able to draw

    the conclusion that there is no significant difference

    between the perception of the students and teachers on

    the effect of absenteeism in terms of students learning

    and school performance(See Appendix D).

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    Table 10. Effect of Absenteeism in Terms of Students

    Learning and School Performance among the perspective of

    the students and teacher respondent.

    School

    Pterformance

    Student Learning Performance

    Student Teacher

    X2c CVDecision

    on HoConclusion X2c CV

    Decision

    on HoConclusion

    Student 1.4 < 3.84 Reject Not Significant 1.4 < 3.84 Reject Not Significant

    Teacher 1.4 < 3.84 Reject Not significant 1.4 < 3.84 Reject Not significant

    Through the analysis of data, Chi-square Test of

    Independence the researchers were able to derive the

    conclusion that the X2c 5.6 > 3.84 X2t which means that

    there is a significant difference between the perception

    of the students and teachers on the effect of absenteeism

    in terms of students learning and school performance.

    Students and Teachers perception in this study have

    differed. The environment, position and angle of view on

    the effect of absenteeism to students learning and school

    performance of a student and a teacher may affect his and

    her opinion or stand in the situation. Teachers and

    students are of different groups which decisions may

    depend on.

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    Chapter IV

    SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATIONS

    In this chapter the researchers will be giving the

    summary of the findings of their study. The conclusions

    on the different problems that arose and to the

    recommendations on the kinds of improvement their readers

    can do in the near future.

    Summary of Findings

    The study Effects of Absenteeism to Students

    Learning and School Performance used the survey approach

    on research especially in the area covered by descriptive

    research.

    The study made use of survey questionnaires with a

    four part test that was given to teacher and student

    respondents to fill up the socio-demographic profile for

    part 1, cause of absenteeism for part 2 and for them to

    answer the 15 item test on the effect of absenteeism to

    individual performance as part 3 and another set composed

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    of 10 questions that rates the performance of the school

    with absenteeism as a primary factor which is for part 4.

    Majority of the student respondents are female which

    is composed of 20 individuals or the 56%. Also, there is

    greater number of females of the teacher respondents

    which totaled 9 or 64%. In further discussions the

    population of both students and teachers are composed of

    more female respondents with a fraction corresponding to

    males number of respondents.

    It was also found out that all of the student

    respondents which are 36 in number belonged to the age

    bracket of 13-16 years old. This is then interpreted that

    100% of the students belong to the Third year of High

    school that corresponds to the scope of the study. And

    that among teachers the data shows that most of them

    belonged to the 30-39 years old bracket and 50-59 years

    old age bracket. In the following classification, each

    has 5 respondents or each had 36% of the total population

    as the research was being conducted.

    And lastly, for the socio-demographic profile it is

    evident that most of the teacher respondents were married

    at a population of 11 out of 14 or 79%. The rest of the

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    respondents were classified single which is 3 in number

    or 21% of the total.

    In part 2 it was observed that self- inquiry is the

    main reason for a student to make an absence as what is

    being taken notice by other students. The resulting

    calculation shows that 21 students agreed to the fact to

    the said hindrance or the 58% out of the 100%. The

    teacher respondents look at the situation in a different

    angle, and most have agreed that family problem have

    caused the truancy of their students. Out of 14

    respondents, 8 sees that the lack of family support had

    pushed absenteeism to what it is now. Statistically these

    8 respondents compose the 57% of the total 100%

    population of teacher respondents.

    For the effect of absenteeism to student individual

    learning performance, both teacher and student population

    agreed that students perform fairly in class even if they

    go through regular truancy. Furthermore it can be

    recognizable that in a total of 34.39 at a verbal

    description of Fair and at a total standard deviation of

    15.04 at a verbal description of Good the students look

    at absenteeism as a fairly hindrance to a good education.

    This conclusion is not so far to what the teachers have

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    perceived. At a total mean of 30.00 at a verbal

    description of fair and a total standard deviation of

    14.41 at verbal description of Good, the teachers also

    sees absenteeism as not good nor too bad for a students

    learning performance.

    Evidently, the social relation with classmates is

    the highest in mean which has a numerical mean of 2.92

    and is described to be Good. Due to the said statement we

    can draw out a line of judgment that a student who

    commits absenteeism is sought to be still socially

    connected with his fellow student. It can also be

    observed that the student respondents see that an

    individual who commits to such habit have low

    performances in total exam scores at a 2.03 total mean

    and a description of Fair.

    As the summary for the teachers comprehensive

    result, the students scores in quizzes and variation on

    abilities have a total mean of 2.36 with a verbal

    description of fair. And that indicator 4 and 9 got the

    peak of the lowest that had a total mean of 1.71 at a

    description of fair each. It can then be derived from the

    results that the teachers sees a great difference in the

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    techniques of coping up and speed of analysis and

    comprehension of a student who commits to regular truancy.

    Students have generally voiced out a fair

    performance on the school performance as absenteeism is

    being observed as a main factor. A total mean of 24.83

    can be taken from the said table that represented the

    rate of the student respondent. On the other hand, the

    teacher respondents where honest enough to give a

    comprehensive result of total mean 19.71 and is described

    fair in school performance with absenteeism as a factor.

    Among the student responses the highest performing

    indicator is the teachers interest in teaching which

    obtained a mean of 3.11 and had a verbal description of

    good. But, along with this, the students gave the lowest

    mean or the fairly performing indicator to the schools

    performance in quarter examination with a mean of 2.22.

    The teacher respondents also have their own opinions

    on how absenteeism affects the school performance. To

    them, like the students, the teachers interest in

    teaching is not so much affected by absenteeism on a

    class. It can be observed that a verbal description of

    Good at a mean of 2.71. More indicators above were rated

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    lower at a mean of 1.79 at verbal description of Fair.

    These are theperformance in diagnostic tests,performanceof the class, mean results, functioning and assembly of

    the school administration, performance in quarter

    examinationand drop-out rates.Therefore it can be derived from the different ideas

    that the impact of absenteeism to the student learning

    and school performance is evident.

    Conclusions

    Based from the findings of the study, the following

    conclusions were drawn:

    1. Majority of the student respondents are female

    which is composed of 20 individuals or the 56% of

    the100%. Also, greater number of females of the teacher

    respondents which totaled 9 or 64% of the 100%

    2. All of the student respondents which are 36 in

    number belonged to the age bracket of 13-16 years old.And

    that among teachers the data shows that most of them

    belonged to the 30-39 years old bracket and 50-59 years

    old age bracket. In the following classification, each

    has 5 respondents or each had 36% of the total population

    as the research was being conducted.

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    3. Most of the teacher respondents were married at a

    population of 11 out of 14 or 79% of the total 100%. The

    rest of the respondents were classified single which is 3

    in number or 21% of the total.

    4. Self- inquiry is the main reason for a student to

    make an absence as what is being taken notice by other

    students. The resulting calculation shows that 21

    students agreed to the fact to the said hindrance or the

    58% out of the 100%. The teacher respondents look at the

    situation in a different angle, and most have agreed that

    family problem have caused the truancy of their students.

    Out of 14 respondents, 8 sees that the lack of family

    support had pushed absenteeism to what it is now.

    Statistically these 8 respondents compose the 57% of the

    total 100% population of teacher respondents.

    5. For the effect of absenteeism to student

    individual learning performance, both teacher and student

    population agreed that students perform fairly in class

    even if they go through regular truancy. Furthermore it

    can be recognizable that in a total of 34.39 at a verbal

    description of fair and at a total standard deviation of

    15.04 at a verbal description of good the students look

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    at absenteeism as a fairly hindrance to a good education.

    This conclusion is not so far to what the teachers have

    perceived. At a total mean of 30.00 at a verbal

    description of fair and a total standard deviation of

    14.41 at verbal description of good, the teachers also

    sees absenteeism as not good nor too bad for a students

    learning performance.

    6. Students have generally voiced out a fair

    performance on the school performance as absenteeism is

    being observed as a main factor. A total mean of 24.83

    can be taken from the said table that represented the

    rate of the student respondent. On the other hand, the

    teacher respondents where honest enough to give a

    comprehensive result of total mean 19.71 and is described

    fair in school performance with absenteeism as a factor.

    7. Through the analysis of data, Chi-square Test of

    Independence the researchers were able to derive the

    conclusion that the X2c 5.6 > 3.84 X2t which means that

    there is a significant difference between the perception

    of the students and teachers on the effect of absenteeism

    in terms of students learning and school performance.

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    Recommendations

    Having the basis from the findings and conclusion

    the researchers offer the following recommendations that

    can be taken into considerations:

    1. The school administration with the parents of the

    concerned students must conduct and effective conference

    dialogue with the help of the findings of the study.

    2. Solutions to the different areas of difficulty

    due to absenteeism can be taken action by the responsible

    organizations and individuals in their respective fields.

    3. Orientation and briefing on these students might

    be conducted to at all least they would commit to

    absenteeism with the help of the study.

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    BIBLIOGRAPHY

    A. Books

    2003, Koppenhaver A., The Faculty and Students

    1983, Schmidt F., Office: Absenteeism

    1982, Ried K. , (not mentioned)

    1993, Pittkoff, Causes and effects of Truancy

    1998, Williams, News Week

    1996, Haris, (not mentioned)

    B. Internet Sources

    1999, Lotz and Lee

    http://www.enterpreneur.com/encyclopedia/term/82042.html

    C. Published Materials

    2005, Savers, D. etal, Effect of Absenteeism in The

    Collage of Law.

    2009, Marbuger, D. , Absenteeism and Turn over

    2002. Epstein ans Sheldon, Everyday Life

    53

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    APPENDIX A

    Letter to the Respondents

    Republic of the Philippines

    Department of Education

    Division of ButuanAGUSAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

    Butuan City

    September 11, 2009

    Dear Respondents,

    A students interest is the most basic element that makes a group learning system work in an

    organize way. From the head to the base members of this organization, the condition of one may affect

    the others.This kind of educational system is comparable to a series light connection where in the state

    of one greatly affects the others. Population and the percentage within that populace which causes

    negative feedbacks can be the primary reason of a poor product. The group or classroom type oforganized way of learning has given that impact to the community being the commonly used system.

    The researchers are students of Agusan National High School of Section III-Avogadro. Thestudy is entitled THE EFFECT OF ABSENTEEISM TO SCHOOL AND INDIVIDUAL

    LEARNING PERFORMANCES AMONG THIRD YEAR SCIENCE HIGH STUDENTS OF

    AGUSAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL: BASIS FOR A CONFERENCE DIALOGUE. This

    research will verify the most common effect of absenteeism to a student and the whole body as how the

    student and teachers specify each.

    In this link, we would like to request your honest and sincere answers to the attached

    questionnaires. We assure you that information shared will be treated in the strictest level of confidence.

    Thank you very much for your cooperation.

    Very truly yours,

    Mhizelie Jave F. Gonzaga

    Charissa L. Abingosa

    April Jobeth G. Barrot

    Gea Anne I. Makinano

    Raniana C. Valencia

    Ben Jay A. Felizarta

    Researchers

    Noted:

    (SGD) EDMUND D. MENDOZA Adviser

    (SGD) MARIA RITA D. CALO

    Head, Mathematics Department

    (SGD)PETER G. ESTERIOSO

    Principal IV

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    APPENDIX B

    Survey Questionnaires

    Sample Questionnaire

    Part I. Socio-Demographic Profile

    Instruction: On the genderwrite F iffemale and M ifmale on the space provided. On theagewrite you corresponding age.

    GENDER: __________ CIVIL STATUS:_______ AGE:___________

    ___________________________________________________________________________Part II. The Common Causes of Absenteeism

    Instruction: Put a check ( ) on the blank provided if the statement given is the commoncause of absenteeism.

    A. SELF INQUIRY: ______

    Which includes: Social phobia (dont have friends)

    Health (always sick)

    School culture shock (have a hard time coping up, might be that the school is

    too advance or too slow.)

    Influences from outside the school gates (sees people who cuts classes,

    Internet and Computer games.)

    B. FAMILY PROBLEM: ______Which Includes:

    Financial support (the family cant afford education or education is not a

    primary necessity)

    Differing Community Attitudes towards Education (The people that

    surrounds your home and within it education is not given importance)

    Transportation (The family might lived in a very rural community where in

    transportation cannot easily reach___________________________________________________________________________Part III. Effect of Absenteeism in Students Learning Porformance

    Instruction: Put the corresponding number that rates the students learning performance inspecific fields when he is regularly absent on the blank provided.LEGEND:5 EXELLENT 4 - VERY GOOD 3 - GOOD 2 - FAIR 1 - POOR

    _______ The students participation to oral discussions

    _______ Performance in group works._______ Scores in Quizzes

    _______ Techniques in coping up

    _______ Social relation with Teachers

    _______ Social relations with classmates

    _______ Contribution to lesson application

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    _______ General Average

    _______ Speed of analysis and comprehension

    _______ Expressing ideas clearly through writing

    _______ Discuss topics convincingly

    _______ Transform ideas through graphic organizers

    _______ Total exam points

    _______ Coverage of topics through graphic organizers

    _______ Variation in students abilities___________________________________________________________________________Part IV. Effect of Absenteeism in School Performance

    Instruction: Put the corresponding number that rates the schools performance in specificfields when absenteeism is observed in high percentage at the blanks provided.LEGEND:5 EXELLENT 4 - VERY GOOD 3 - GOOD 2 - FAIR 1 - POOR

    _______ Performance in Diagnostic Tests_______ Performance of the class

    _______ Mean results

    _______ Teachers performance

    _______ Educational problems in groups

    _______ Functioning and assembly of the School administration

    _______ Disciplining of other students who have been influenced by absenteeism

    _______ Performance in quarter examination

    _______ Drop-out rates

    _______ Teachers interests on teaching.

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    APPENDIX C

    Statistical Data

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    APPENDIX D

    Statistical Treatment

    School

    Performance

    Student Learning

    Performance TOTAL

    Student Teacher

    Student 2132 1314 3446

    Teachers 1514 696 2210

    TOTAL 3646 2010 5656

    1.) df = (r-1)(c-1)

    = (2-1)(2-1)= (1)(1)

    = 1

    Level of Significance = 5%

    X2t = 3.84

    Expected value:

    Cell 1:EV = [(VT)(HT)]/ GT

    = [(3646)(3446)]/ 5656

    = (12564116)/ 5656

    = 2221.38

    Cell 2:EV = [(VT)(HT)]/ GT

    = [(2010)(3446)]/5656

    = (6926460)

    = 1224.62

    Cell 3:EV = [(VT)(HT)]/ GT

    = [(3646)(2210)]/5656

    = (8057660)/5656

    = 1424.62

    Cell 4:EV = [(VT)(HT)]/ GT

    = [(2010)(2210)]/5656

    = (4442100)/5656

    = 785.38

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    Cell O E (|O-E|-0.5)2 (|O-E|-0.5)2 /E1 2132 2221.38 7899.65 1.40

    2 1314 1224.62 7899.65 1.403 1514 1424.62 7899.65 1.40

    4 696 785.38 7899.65 1.40

    N= 5656 N= 5656 5.6

    CONCLUSION:

    | X2C | | X2t |

    | 5.6 | | 3.84 |

    5.6 > 3.84

    Reject Ho, Accept Ha

    There is a significant difference between the

    perception of the students and teachers on the effect of

    absenteeism in terms of students learning and school

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    CURRICULUM VITAE

    I. PERSONAL BACKGROUND

    Name: April Jobeth G. Barrot

    Age: 15 yrs. old

    City Address: 241 P-1 Obrero, Butuan City

    Provincial Address: Agusan Del Norte

    Date of Birth: April 9, 1994

    Height: 150 cm

    Weight: 37 kg

    Civil Status: Single

    Religion: Roman Catholic

    Citizenship: Filipino

    Contact#: 2257130/09102442074

    Fathers Name: Job R. Barrot

    Age 49 yrs. old

    Occupation: Seaman

    Mothers Name: Elizabeth G. Barrot

    Age: 46 yrs. old

    Occupation: Pharmacist

    Brothers Name: Jeb G. Barrot Age: 17 yrs. old

    Steven Ellie G. Barrot Age: 1 yr. old

    Frankie Job G. Barrot Age: 1 yr. old

    Sisters Name: Jobelle Beth G. Barrot Age: 8 yrs. old

    II. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

    Preschool - Child Learning Development School S.Y.: 1999-2001

    Primary Level Butuan Central Elementary School S.Y.: 2001-2007

    Secondary Level Agusan National High School S.Y.: 2007-Present

    III. HONORS, SCHOLARSHIP AND AWARDS

    Preschool

    Kinder I

    Honors: Best in Math, Best in Filipino, and Best in English

    Award: Most Neat

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    Kinder II

    Honors: Best in Math, Best in Science, Best in English, Best in

    Filipino

    Award: Most Neat

    Primary Level

    Grade 1

    Honors: 8th Honors

    Award: Most Patients

    Grade 2

    Honors: 6th Honors

    Award: Most Neat

    Grade 3

    Honors: 9th Honors

    Award: Most Neat

    Grade 4

    Honors: 14th Honors

    Award: Most Clean

    Grade 5

    Honors: 8th Honors

    Awards: Dancer of the Year and Most Cooperative

    Grade 6

    Honors: 6th Honors

    Awards: Most Industrious, 1st in Katutubong Sayaw, Cheer dance

    Competition (Champion), Outstanding Pupil Government

    Officers, Outstanding Choir Member and Outstanding Dance

    Troupe Members

    Secondary Level

    1st Year Level

    Honor: 9th Honors

    2nd Year Level

    Honor: 5th Honors

    IV. SEMINAR, CONFERENCE ATTENDED

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    Philippine Society of Youth Science Club, September 6-7,

    2008, Agusan National High School

    Senior/Cadet Scouts Conference, August 15, 2009, at GSP

    Headquarters, Capitol Site, Butuan City

    Chief Girl Scout Medal Scheme Orientation and Workshop at

    GSP Headquarters, Capitol Site, Butuan City, July 25, 2009

    Brown Raise Seminar, Saint Joseph Institute and

    Technology, February 6, 2009

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    CURRICULUM VITAE

    I. PERSONAL BACKGROUND

    Name: Raniana Cabonce Valencia

    Age: 15 yrs. old

    Provincial Address: Agusan Del Norte

    Date of Birth: July 3, 1994

    Height: 145 cm

    Weight: 35 kg

    Civil Status: Single

    Religion: Roman Catholic

    Citizenship: Filipino

    Fathers Name: Robert G. Valencia

    Occupation:Poultry Raiser

    Mothers Name: Rosario C. Valencia

    Occupation: High School Teacher

    II. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

    Primary Level Butuan Central Elementary School S.Y.: 2001-2007

    Secondary Level Agusan National High School S.Y.: 2007-Present

    III. HONORS, SCHOLARSHIP AND AWARDS

    Preschool

    2nd Honors

    Outstanding Pupil

    Best in Writing

    Best in Math

    2nd Place Spelling Bee

    Primary Level

    Grade 1

    Honors: 9th Honors

    Grade 2

    Honors: 6th Honors

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    Grade 3

    Honors: 4th Honors

    Grade 4

    Honors: 6th Honors

    Grade 5

    Honors: 3rd Honors

    Award: 1st Place Filipino Quiz Bee

    Grade 6

    Honors: 2nd Honorable Mention

    Awards: 3rd Place in Napkin Folding

    -5th Place Investigatory Project

    -6th Place Editorial Cartooning

    - Outstanding Choir Member

    Secondary Level

    1st Year Level

    Honor: 1st Honors

    Award: APEC 2008 Academy Award First Place

    - 3rd Place Essay Writing

    2nd Year Level

    Honor: 10th Honors

    IV. SEMINAR, CONFERENCE ATTENDED

    Philippine Society of Youth Science Club, September 6-7,

    2008, Agusan National High School

    School Press Conference, Butuan Central Elem. School,

    Butuan City, S.Y. 2007-2008

    Symposiums, Agusan National High School, Butuan City,

    S.Y. 2008- 2009

    Red Cross Youth Seminar, Agusan National High School,

    February 13, 2009

    School Disaster Management: First Aid Training, Ausan

    National High School, September 11-12, 2009

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    CURRICULUM VITAE

    I. PERSONAL BACKGROUND

    Name: Gea Anne I. Makinano

    Age: 15 yrs. old

    City Address: P-6 Brgy. 16, Ong Yu, Butuan City

    Provincial Address: Agusan Del Norte

    Date of Birth: October 12, 1994

    Height: 151 cm

    Weight: 39 kg

    Civil Status: Single

    Religion: Roman Catholic

    Citizenship: Filipino

    Fathers Name: Felixberto L. Makinano

    Occupation: deceased

    Mothers Name: Elvira I. Makinano

    Occupation: OFW

    II. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

    Preschool Balay Silonganan Learning Center S.Y.: 1999-2001

    Primary Level Butuan Central Elementary School S.Y.: 2001-2007

    Secondary Level Agusan National High School S.Y.: 2007-Present

    III. HONORS, SCHOLARSHIP AND AWARDS

    Preschool

    Kinder II

    Honors: Salutatorian

    Awards: Best in Writing, Most Neat and Clean

    Primary Level

    Grade 1

    Honors: 1st Honors

    Award: Best in Writing, Most Punctual, Most Neat and Clean, Best

    in Science

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    Grade 2

    Honors: 4th Honors

    Award: Most Polite

    Grade 3

    Honors: 4th Honors

    Award: Most Neat and Clean, Most Polite

    Grade 4

    Honors: 2nd Honors

    Award: Most Polite, 1st Place Science Quiz Bee District Level, 3rd

    Place Science Quiz Bee Division Level

    Grade 5

    Honors: 2nd Honors

    Awards: Participant- Water District Quiz Bee District Level

    Grade 6

    Honors: Salutatorian

    Awards: Outstanding Award, 1st Place MTAP Division Level (Team), 3rd

    Place MTAP Division Level

    Secondary Level

    1st Year Level

    Honor: 6th Honors

    Award: Model Student

    2nd Year Level

    Honor: 14th Honors

    IV. SEMINAR, CONFERENCE ATTENDED

    Philippine Society of Youth Science Club, September 6-7,

    2008, Agusan National High School

    Brown Raise Seminar, Saint Joseph Institute and

    Technology, February 6, 2009

    Symposiums, Agusan National High School, Butuan

    City, S.Y. 2008-2009

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    CURRICULUM VITAE

    I. PERSONAL BACKGROUND

    Name: Charissa L. Abingosa

    Age: 15 yrs. old

    City Address: Employees Village, Libertad

    Provincial Address: Agusan Del Norte

    Date of Birth: April 4, 1994

    Height: 164 cm

    Weight: 52.5 kg

    Civil Status: Single

    Religion: Roman Catholic

    Citizenship: Filipino

    Fathers Name: Manuel Q. Abingosa

    Age 47 yrs. old

    Occupation: Motor Cycle Driver

    Mothers Name: Nerlita L. Abingosa

    Age: 46 yrs. old

    Occupation: Government Employee

    Brothers Name: Emmanuel L. Abingosa

    Age: 14 yrs. old

    II. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

    Preschool Sacred Heart S.Y.: 1999-2001

    Primary Level Butuan Central Elementary School S.Y.: 2001-2007

    Secondary Level Agusan National High School S.Y.: 2007-Present

    III. HONORS, SCHOLARSHIP AND AWARDS

    Primary Level

    Grade 1

    Honors: 6th Honors

    Grade 2

    Honors: 1st Honors

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    Grade 3

    Honors: 14th Honors

    Grade 4

    Honors: 8th Honors

    Grade 5

    Honors: 8th Honors

    Grade 6

    Honors: 3rd Honors

    Secondary Level

    1st Year Level

    Honor: 5th Honors

    2nd Year Level

    Honor: 21st Honors

    Awards: 1st place in Division and District 2nd Year Level Suduko

    2nd Place in 1st Regional Math Festival

    IV. SEMINAR, CONFERENCE ATTENDED

    Philippine Society of Youth Science Club, September 6-7,

    2008, Agusan National High School

    Senior/Cadet Scouts Conference, August 15, 2009, at GSP

    Headquarters, Capitol Site, Butuan City

    Chief Girl Scout Medal Scheme Orientation and Workshop at

    GSP Headquarters, Capitol Site, Butuan City, July 25, 2009

    Brown Raise Seminar, Saint Joseph Institute and

    Technology, February 6, 2009

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    CURRICULUM VITAE

    I. PERSONAL BACKGROUND

    Name: Gonzaga, Mhizelie Jave F.

    Age: 15 yrs. old

    Address: P-10 Ong Yiu Dist. Butuan City

    Birth date: February 21, 1994

    Gender: Female

    Status: Single

    Parents Information:

    Mothers Name: Ma. Jovelin V. Forrosuelo

    Occupation: Public School Teacher

    Fathers Name: Jose Bayani L. Gonzaga

    Occupation: Owner Type Jeepney Driver

    No. of Siblings: 1

    Position in Family: Eldest

    II. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

    Schools Attended:

    Preschool: Angelicum Montessori School; S.Y. 1998-2000

    Elementary: Butuan City SPED Center FL; S.Y. 2001-2006

    High School: Agusan national High School; S.Y 2007- present

    III. HONOR SCHOLARSHIPS AND AWARDS

    Preschool:

    Graduated as a Salutatorian

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    Awards:

    Proficiency in Science

    Best in Oral Expression (Filipino)

    Best in Writing

    Best in Reading

    Best in Spelling

    Most Neat and Clean

    Best in Music and Rhythm

    Elementary:

    Graduated as a Salutatorian

    Awards:

    S.Y. 2006-2007

    1st Place Regional Quiz Bee, SPED Schools Category

    3rd Place, Regional Science Quiz Bee, Over All

    1st Placer Division Science Quiz Bee

    2nd Placer Division Science Fair Comparing Metal Elements

    Found in Leaves of Different Mango Varieties

    3rd Honors, Division MTAP Math Challenge, Individual

    Category

    3rd Runner up, Division MTAP Math Challenge, Team

    Competition

    Qualifier, Philippine Science High School Scholarship

    Exam, Davao Campus

    Contributor, Ang Manaol Official School Paper of BCSC

    (Filipino)

    Active Girl Scout

    Red Cross Member

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    Class Auditor

    Best in Science

    Most Diligent

    Academic Excellence Awardee, Green Bank CARAGA Chapter

    Academic Excellence Awardee, M. Lurielle, Butauan City

    Branch

    S.Y. 2005-2006

    3rd Honors, Division MTAP Math Challenge, Individual

    Category

    1st Placer, Division MTAP Math Challenge, Team category

    S.Y. 2004-2005

    2nd Placer, Regional Science Quiz Bee, Over All

    S.Y. 2003-2004

    1st Placer, Division MTAP Math Challenge, Team category

    S.Y. 2002-2003

    1st Placer, Division MTAP Math Challenge, Team Category

    High School:

    Awards:

    S.Y. 2007-2008

    1st Placer, Division Science Quiz Bee

    1st Placer, Division MTAP Math Challenge, Team Category

    S.Y. 2008-2009

    3rd Placer, Schools Science Fair, Copper and Tin Alloy As

    Substitute to Silicon in Photovoltaic Cell

    3rd Placer, Regional Science Fair, Copper and Tin Alloy

    as substitute to Silicon in Photovoltaic Cell

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    IV. SEMINAR, CONFERENCE ATTENDED

    Philippine Society of Youth Science Club, September 6-7,

    2008, Agusan National High School

    Brown Raise Seminar, Saint Joseph Institute and

    Technology, February 6, 2009

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    CURRICULUM VITAE

    I. PERSONAL BACKGROUND

    Name: Ben Jay Felizarta

    Age: 15 years old

    Address: New Asia R. Calo, Butuan City

    B-day: July 9, 1994

    Mothers Name: Rosanna Felizarta

    Occupation: House Keeper

    Fathers Name: Bilarmino Ocay

    Occupation: Tailor

    II. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

    Pre-Schoo