a co ehe iv rvey of ca ·0 fac:illtie -...

I aJ.l'llI""'.

EDUCATIO ECTO UD OJE

(MYA /90 / 004)

No. 5.2

rvey

Fac:illtie

A Co p ehe iv

of ca ·0

by

U Sein Myint. U yi Hla ge.

Daw Win Win y. t. U Saw Wynn.

Daw aw Joy loo and Da In In a

Myanmar Education Research BureauYangon

February • 1992

A Comprehensive Survey

of Education Facilities

by

U Sein Myint (OBE),

U Nyi Hla Nge (Yangon Institute of Technology),

Oaw Win Win Myint (Institute of Economics),

U Saw Wynn (OBE),

Oaw Naw Joy loo (Institute of Medicine 1)

and Oaw Win Win Maw (Institute of Medicine 1)

Acknowledgement: This paper is the outcome of the collaborative effort of ESS Working Group No. 5(Education Infrastructure). The working group, chaired by U Nyi Hla Nge (Yangon Institute of Technology)included the following members: U Sein Myint (OBE). U Nyunt Hlaing (Ministry of No. 1 Industry),U Tet Tun (Ministry of Construction), U Saw Wynn (OBE). Oaw Naw Joy loo (Institute of Medicine 1) andOaw Win Win Maw (Institute of Medicine 1).

ABSTRACT

The physical aspects of the learning environment in terms of the adequacy and condition ofbuildings, furniture and equipment are assessed in this paper. The study is based on questionnairessent out to schools within basic education and to universities, colleges and institutes within highereducation. The findings show that norms and standards need to be established for educationfacilities and that particularly higher education institutions lack teaching aids and equipment.

PREFACE

The Ministry of Education, UNDP and UNESCO are engaged in a joint effort to review the presentstate of education and manpower training in the Union of Myanmar. This review is being carriedout under the Education Sector Study project, which began in mid-1990. The objective of theproject is to help improving Myanmar's education system so it can make contribute moreeffectively to the country's social and economic development. The first phase of the EducationSector Study lESS), a detailed diagnosis and analysis of the needs of the education sector, is nowcompleted. A synthesis of the main findings has been issued in a separate report.

This paper is one of a series of working papers produced by Myanmar ESS participants. The seriescovers various important aspects of education, such as quality and efficiency, linkages betweeneducation and employment, costs and financing, school facilities, and sector organization andmanagement. The ESS Working Papers series addresses itself to all professional staff in theeducation sector, as well as to interested researchers. It is hoped that these papers will contributeto stimulate a national discussion on ways and means to improve Myanmar's education system.

Dr. Khin Maung KyweNational Project Director

Antoine SchwartzChief Technical Adviser

AYDBEDHEDHMDTAVEESSMERBMOAFMOEMOHPWTTCTTS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Academic YearDepartment of Basic EducationDepartment of Higher EducationDepartment of Health and ManpowerDepartment of Technical, Agricultural and Vocational EducationEducation Sector StudyMyanmar Education Research BureauMinistry of Agricultural and ForestsMinistry of EducationMinistry of HealthPublic WorksTeacher Training CollegeTeacher Training School

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

I. INTRODUCTION

11. BASIC EDUCATION SCHOOLS 3

Ill. TEACHER TRAINING COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11

IV. HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS 15

V. INSTITUTIONS UNDER THE DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL, AGRICULTURAL ANDVOCATIONAL EDUCATION 20

VI. OTHER TRAINING INSTITUTIONS 23

VII. CONCLUSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 24

ANNEXES

APPENDICES

II1IIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIXX

XIXIIXIIIXIV'XVXVIXVIIXVIIIXIXXXXXIXXIIXXIII

LIST OF TABLES

Responses to QuestionnairesCampus areasNumber of Pupils per ClassroomClassroom Utilization RatesCondition of BuildingsSchool AccessibilityLevels of School ServicesSchool ComfortCondition of Furniture and EquipmentCommunity Contribution Comparisons between 1984/85 and 1988/89in KyatsAverage Community Contributions to Schools during 1988/89 KyatsTeacher Training InstitutionsTTC and TTS Campus AreasDistribution of Building Areas According to UseCondition of BuildingsRespondents to the SurveyCampus Areas in Higher Education InstitutionsCondition of Higher Education BuildingsPercentage Adequacy of Teaching Aids and Computer Facilities:Respondents to the SurveyCondition of BuildingsLevel of Adequacy of Classroom and Furniture ConditionsCampus Area by Institution

Page

234556788

·910111212131516171820212223

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Buildings and equipment play a crucial role in the learning process. They areexpensive to build and purchase as well as to maintain. It is, therefore, necessary to make the bestpossible use of them, based on the country's needs and resources.

An analysis of buildings and equipment cannot be performed in isolation. It mustbe done with reference to the norms laid down by the Ministry of Education (MOE) for each cycleof the education system. It is also necessary to examine relevant indicators (numerical measureswhich are used to compare actual provision of buildings and equipment with norms, or provisionin one state or division with another). In Myanmar, few norms and standards have been establishedand are limited to such issues as campus area, classroom size and school furniture design.

In this study, an attempt is made to assess the physical aspects of the learningenvironment in terms of the adequacy and condition of buildings, furniture and equipment.Adequacy of the infrastructure is assessed according to the amount of facilities provided for thevarious levels of basic education. The condition of the infrastructure is examined in terms ofconstruction, accessibility, the provision of basic services and such levels of comfort as light andventilation.

Survey Method

The method used in gathering data for this study relies on questionnaires andinterviews. Two types of questionnaires were sent out: one dealing with basic education (primary,middle and high schools); and the other with higher education (universities, colleges, professionalinstitutes, teacher training colleges and schools, technical, agricultural and vocational institutes andschools).

Accessibility was an important factor in the choice of schools as timely return ofthe questionnaires was essential. The choice of schools from Kachin, Mon, Shan and RakhineStates and Magway, Mandalay, Yangon, Ayeyarwady, Bago and Sagaing Divisions was madeaccording to the following portions: 10 per cent for high schools, 5 per cent fOI' middle schools and1 per cent for primary schools. In order to ensure that at least two schools from each educationlevel were included, 20 per cent of high, 10 per cent of middle and 2 per cent of primary schoolswere from Taninthayi Division, Kayin and Chin States. Due to the small number of schools in KayahState, a larger portion of schools was chosen (40 per cent high, 20 per cent middle and 40 percent primary schools). As a safeguard, questionnaires were also sent in reserve to one high, onemiddle and one primary school in each state and division.

The questionnaire to the Department of Basic Education (DBE) schools was carriedout between 10 December 1990 and 9 January 1991. A total of 483 primary, middle and highschools took part. Responses were received from 282 schools, or 60 per cent. The otherquestionnaire was sent to a wide range of institutions. Table I shows the percentages of responsesto the questionnaires.

2

Table IResponses to Questionnaires

Institution Schools Schools ResponseQuestionnaires Responded (%)

(No) (No)

High Schools 85 51 60Middle Schools 98 59 60Primary Schools 300 176 58TTCfTTS 17 8 47DHE 29 21 72DHM 4 1 25DTAVE 59 53 90

Source: Field Surveys

This paper provides information obtained from the questionnaires and interviewsconducted as part of the Education Sector Study for Myanmar. Appendices 1 and 2 provide thefull findings of the surveys. Tables in the text summarize relevant findings which are referred toin the Appendices.

CHAPTER 11

BASIC EDUCATION SCHOOLS

In 1989/90, there were a total of 33,847 schools under the OBE. Of these, 31,429or 93 per cent were primary; 1,692 or 5 per cent were middle; and 722 or 2 per cent were highschools. It should be noted that both middle and high schools contain primary school level.

School Campus Areas

Table 11Campus Areas

Campus Area {acres} % ExistingArea (acres)

School Mean NormLevel <1 1-5 >3 Area

(acres)

Primary 33 63 4 2.0 5

Middle 8 52 40 5.4 7

High - 40 60 10.3 10

Note: Appendix I, Tables 1 and 1ASource: Field Surveys

The existing norm for the campus area of each type of school is for a primaryschool 5 acres; for a middle school 7 acres; and for a high school 10 acres (Table II). The surveyshows a wide discrepancy in the size of campus (Appendix I, Table 1). The largest proportion ofprimary schools, 54 per cent, had a campus area between 1 and 3 acres. A third of all primaryschools had a campus area of less than an acre. Only 4 per cent had a campus area of more than5 acres. The national average for a primary school campus was 2 acres (i.e. considerably less thanthe norm established by the OBE at 5 acres). Some 40 per cent of middle schools had a campusof more than 5 acres. The national average for a middle school campus area is 5.4 acres (i.e. lessthan the norm of 7 acres). In the case of high schools, the average campus is about the same asthe OBE norm at 10.3 acres.

Primary schools are mainly dependent on the resources of the communities t:,atprovide them. A crucial factor may be to set the minimum campus area in regions of low populationdensity, or where communications are difficult, in order to assist a school's economic availability.In contrast, where schools are established in densely populated areas such as Yangon, a maximumcampus area becomes relevant. It should also be noted that middle and high schools are morecostly than primary schools and require a wide variety of types of buildings and equipment. It maybe unnecessary, therefore, to implement a uniform size for a campus area, throughout the country.

4

Classroom Size

Table IIINumber of Pupils per Classroom

Number of pupils per class (%) Number of pupils per classSchoolLevel <34 35-58 >58 Mean Norm

Primary 47 31 22 46 40

Middle 31 58 11 44 40

High 12 66 22 50 40


The norm for all levels of DBE schools is fixed by MOE at 40 pupils per class (TableIll). The survey shows a wide discrepancy in the number of pupils per classroom at various levelsof education, indicating that 32 per cent of primary schools and 33 per cent of middle schools havemore than 47 pupils per classroom, Conversely, 47 per cent of primary schools and 31 per centof middle schools have less than 34 pupils per classroom. In contrast, some 60 per cent of highschools have more than 47 pupils per classroom with an overall average of 50 pupils per classroom(Appendix I, Tables 8 and 7A).

The distribution of classroom space per pupil in the various regions in the countryis shown in Appendix I, Table 15A. The general norm for classroom space per pupil adopted byMOE is 18 sq ft for all basic education schools. This norm is based on a standard classroom of 720sq ft (24 ft x 30 ft) for 40 pupils. Certain states/divisions have large proportion of schools withclassroom spaces below the norm adopted by MOE (between 9 and 15 sq ft per pupil). This appliesto primary schools in Kachin (70 per cent of schools surveyed), Kayah (100 per cent). Taninthayi(90 per cent), Mandalay (90 per cent) and Yangon (79 per cent). In the case of middle schools, thesame range applies for Kachin (61 per cent), Chin (50 per cent), Sagaing (85 per cent), Taninthayi(82 per cent), Bago (74 per cent), Magway (88 per cent), Mandalay (68 per cent), Rakhine (80 percent), Yangon (64 per cent) and Shan (82 per cent). For the country as a whole the averageclassroom space per pupil is 14 sq ft for primary and middle and 16 sq ft for high schools.

5

Utilization Rates

Table IVClassroom Utilization Rates

School Mean Utilization RatesLevel Global

Time Space

Primary 101 213 226

Middle 102 155 160

High 106 162 175


Given the difficulty of organizing school timetables, it is considered undesirable toexceed a time utilization rate of 80 per cent in general classrooms. Schools in Myanmar generallyshow utilization rates above 100 per cent (Table IV and Appendix I, Table 17).

Condition of School Buildings

Table VCondition of Buildings

School Inferior/temp. Building in Old Buildings (2)Level Buildings (1) Poor Condition (1) (%)

(%) (%)

Primary 48 24 35

Middle 25 18 33

High 17 13 28

(1) Appendix I, Tables 3 and 5(2) Buildings which have exceeded their expected life-span

(Appendix I, Table 5A)Source: Field Surveys

Nearly half of all primary schools in the survey (48 per cent) are built of inferiorquality materials (Table V). In Kachin and Kayin all primary schools that took part in the surveywere of this type. Similarly, 50 per cent or more were of this type, notably in Kayah, Chin, Saging,Taninthayi, Magway and Mandalay (Appendix I, Tables 3 and 3A). More than a third of primary

6

schools are built of timber, while only 14 per cent are of brick nogging construction (mainly inShan, Mon, Magway and Sagaing). In examining the condition of buildings, more than half of theprimary schools examined in the survey are considered as fair and a quarter as poor. Primaryschools in poor condition are to be found predominantly in Kayah and Chin.

About 25 per cent of all middle schools in the survey are of'inferior qualitymaterials. The majority of these are located in Chin and Mandalay. About 40 per cent of middleschools in the country survey are of brick nogging construction (predominantly in Kachin, Kayah,Magway, and Mon), while nearly 30 per cent are of timber (mainly in Kayin and Yangon). Morethan three-quarters of middle schools surveyed are considered as in either good or fair condition.

Some 17 per cent of high schools are of inferior quality materials (predominantlyin Shan State). Some 23 per cent of schools are of timber (mainly in Kayin, Taninthayi andMagway, while 21 per cent are built in brickwork and brick nogging construction (50 per cent ormore of the schools surveyed in Kachin, Kayah, Taninthayi, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon, andAyeyarwady). Over half of the high schools are considered to be in good condition while more thana third are regarded as fair.

The survey findings show that the higher the level of education, the larger thepercentage of schools which are in good condition. Conversely, the lower the level of education,the larger the proportion of schools which are in poor condition. These findings appear to beconsistent, with the realties of communities building their own primary schools, where littleassistance, if any, is provided by MOE (often in remote rural areas). In contrast, MOE maycontribute nominally to middle and high school buildings constructed at Public Works (PW)standards.

Accessibility to Schools

Table VISchool accessibility

School By Car in By Car in Not Accessible byLevel all Seasons % some Seasons % Car %

Primary 33 27 40

Middle 58 19 23

High 86 6 8

Appendix I, Tables 2 and 2ASource: Field Surveys

The survey shows that only a third of the primary schools are accessible by car atall times (Table VI). Some 40 per cent of primary schools are inaccessible, notably in Chin, Kayahand Ayeyarwady. More than half the middle schools, 58 per cent, are accessible by car at all times.Some 23 per cent of middle schools are inaccessible, mainly in Chin, Bago and Ayeyarwady. Themajority of high schools, 86 per cent, have access by car at all times; only 8 per cent remainunaccessible. The survey indicates that the higher the school level (middle and high), the moreaccessible schools are.

7

School Services

Table VIILevels of School Services

School Without Without Water Brought No. of PupilsLevel Electricity Adequate in from per toilet l2

!

During Water Outside theSchool Supply!ll % Campus 111 %hrs!ll %

Primary 77 25 76 68

Middle 74 41 47 87

High 43 21 21 130

Notes: (1) Appendix I, Tables 4 and 4A(2) The specified norm is 50 students per toilet


Table VII shows that some 77 per cent of primary schools are without electricity.Some 74 per cent of all primary schools have adequate drinking water; but only 24 per cent haveaccess from within the campus. Less than 8 per cent of primary schools have a piped watersystem, with 92 per cent of schools having water brought into the school (either by cart or by car).More than 64 per cent of middle schools are without electricity. This is particularly noticeable fromthe survey in Kayin, Chin and Sagaing and also in Kayah, Bago, Magway, Mon, Rakhine andAyeyarwady. Almost 60 per cent of middle schools have adequate drinking water, with only 53per cent within the campus. Only 30 per cent have running water, with 70 per cent of middleschools having water brought into the campus, some 5"( per cent of high schools are provided withelectricity during school hours, notably in Magway, Mandalay, Yangon and Kayah. Nearly 80 percent of high schools have adequate drinking water within the campus. More than half of the highschools have running water.

The surveys indicate that primary schools are particularly badly served by water andelectricity. The lack of electricity in primary schools reduces the opportunity of making use of thebuilding after school hours. The lack of services at the majority of primary schools is an indicationof the limited resources that communities are able to provide without the government's assistance.At middle and high schools where some assistance from MOE is available, provision is better thanthat of primary schools. However, the apparent lack of services at middle and particularly at highschools remains serious. They are larger than primary schools, serving many people and requirewater and electricity to conduct simple experiments during technical lessons.

Toilet facilities remain inadequate, particularly in high schools, with less than halfthe number required according to the existing norm of one toilet per 50 students. High schoolsprovide one toilet per 130 pupils, compared with 87 in middle and 68 in primary schools (Table VIIand Appendix I, Table 18).

8

School Environment

Table VIIISchool Comfort

School Light Ventilation Environment(1)

Level Good/Fair (%) Good/Fair (%) Good/Fair (%)

Primary 99 99 81

Middle 99 99 87

High 97 99 97

Note:

(1) "Environment" refers to the teachers' perception of the school setting.Appendix I, Table 5A.


Nearly all schools, 99 per cent, are considered by teachers as having adequate lightand ventilation (Table VIII). Some 81 per cent of primary schools have between good and fairenvironmental conditions. Corresponding figures for middle and high schools are 87 and 97 percent respectively. Between 41 and 48 per cent of all schools surveyed are new buildings (AppendixI, Table 5A).

School Furniture and Equipment

Table IXCondition of Furniture and Equipment

School Furniture School EquipmentSchoolLevel Inadequate Poor Inadequate Poor

Quantity Condition Quantity Condition

Primary 71 11 75 19

Middle 43 4 54 20

High 29 - 24 5


The classroom furniture used in basic education schools is designed and producedby the NO.1 Furniture Factory under the Ministry of Agriculture and Forests (MOAF). The qualityand appropriateness of design and construction is discussed in Paper 504. The availability andcondition of furniture at schools is dealt with in this paper (Table IX). A large proportion of primary

9

schools, 71 per cent, do not have enough furniture, compared to 43 per cent of middle and 29 percent of high schools. Conversely, only about 15 per cent of primary, 29 per cent of middle and 41per cent of high schools are fully supplied with furniture. Where it does exist, furniture at schoolsis generally in either good, or fair condition. Only 11 per cent of primary schools have furniture inpoor condition. Furniture provided in high schools is considered to be in either good or faircondition, with only 4 per cent of middle schools in poor condition.

The supply of equipment and teaching aids at schools is inadequate. Some threequarters of primary schools, more than half of middle schools and nearly a quarter of high schoolsare considered not to have enough basic equipment. Of these that do, a large proportion is keptin good or fair condition. Of those schools which have equipment in poor condition, 19 per centare primary, 20 per cent are middle and 5 per cent are high schools.

An overall assessment was attempted of the general physical aspects of thelearning environment at schools. A number of deficiencies were taken into account in arriving atthese assessment, including overcrowding, poor services, inadequate toilets, inaccessibility, ageand condition of buildings, poor equipment, school size and lack of furniture. In addition to thesefactors, the assessment of conditions in secondary schools also took account of the state oflibraries, science laboratories, domestic science laboratory facilities and the availability ofequipment. An overall assessment, therefore, indicates that 57 per cent of primary schools, 52 percent of middle and 39 per cent of high schools have a poor physical environment for learning.

Community Contributions to School Infrastructure

Table XCommunity Contribution Comparisons between 1984/85 and 1988/892 in Kyats

School New Building Difference New Furniture Difference Maintenance DlffereType Construction nce

1984/5 1988/9 (3/2 x 1984/5 1988/9 (6/5 x 1984/5 1988/9 (9/8 x100) % 100) % 100)

%(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

Primary 3,127 2,295 73 320 514 160 1,716 3175 185

Middle 15,718 4,873 31 787 543 69 2,512 2403 96

High 14,204 6,440 45 1,060 1,060 483 1,238 5149 416

Appendix I, Table 19Source: Field Surveys,

Average annual contributions by communities per type of school have beenanalysed from the field surveys. Comparisons of amounts spent in 1988/89 AY with those in1984/85 AY show a decrease in community contributions to new building construction and anincrease in the provision of funds for maintenance (Table Xl. Although it is difficult to generalise,there may be a change in emphasis from contribution to the construction of new buildings, to theprovision of new furniture and significantly, to the maintenance of existing schools.

10

Table XIAverage Community Contributions to Schools during 1988/89 Kyats

Provision Primary % Middle % High % Total %School School School

New Buildings 2,295 38 4,873 62 6,440 38 13,608 45

New Furniture 514 9 543 7 5,124 31 6,181 20

Maintenance 3,175 53 2,403 31 5,149 31 10,727 35

Total 5,984 100 7,819 100 16,713 100 30,516 100

Appendix I, Table 19Source: Field Surveys

On average of the total contributions made in 1988/89 AY to primary schools, 53per cent was spent on maintenance, 38 per cent on new buildings and only 9 per cent on newfurniture. In the case of middle schools, the survey indicates that 62 per cent was spent on newbuildings, 31 per cent on maintenance and only 7 per cent on new furniture. For high schools, theprovisions are almost evenly distributed between new buildings, 38 per cent, new furniture, 31 percent, and maintenance, 31 per cent. The survey also indicates that significantly larger contributionswere made by communities towards middle and high schools than primary schools (Table XI).

CHAPTER III

TEACHER TRAINING COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS

Table XIITeacher Training Institutions

Institution Location Total No. No. ofRespondents

Teacher Training 1. MandalayCollege 2. Mawlamyine

3. Pathein4. Yangon (Kanbe) 4 2

Teacher Training 1. BogalaySchool 2. Hlegu

3. Kyaukpyu4. Meiktila5. Myaungmya6. Myitkyina7. Pakokku8. Pyay9. Sagaing.

10. Taunggyi11. Thegon12. Thinganyun 13 613. Toungoo

Total 17 8

Appendix I, "Table 21 ASource: MOE, Field Survey

There are four Teacher Training Colleges (TTC) and 13 Teacher Training Schools(TTS) under the DBE, providing training for Junior Assistant Techers (JATs) and Primary AssistantTeachers (PATs). The Institute of Education, ullder the Department of Higher Education (DHE),provided training for Senior Assistant Teachers (SATs). ·Of the total of 17 teaching institutions,there were eight respondents or 47 per cent: two TTCs and six TTSs.

(3)

Notes: (1)(2)

12

Campus Area

Table XIIITTC and TTS Campus Areas

Institution Campus Areas in Acres:Mean

<10 11-20 21-30 31-40 >40TTC

- - 27 - 68 47

TTS 5 11 21 35 - 149 14 - - - -

Of total 25 25 25 12.5 12.5 100respondents %

Appendix I, Table 21 ASource: Field Survey

There are large variations in campus areas from the eight respondents, ranging from5 acres (Thegon TTS) to 68 acres (Mandalay TTC). Campus areas per student vary from 7,370 sqft (Mandalay TTC) to 561 sq ft (Pyay TTS). So far, MOE has not set norms for campus areas forteacher training institutions.

Area of Buildings

Table XIVDistribution of Building Areas According to Use

Type of Floor Area (%) Type of Floor Area/Student (%)Institution

Learning Admin. and Circulation Learning Admin. and CirculationOthers Others

(1) (2) (3) (1 ) (2) (3)

TTC 40 37 23 19 63 25TTS 36 37 27 32 65 42Regional 65 15 20AcceptableStandards

Learning Area: classrooms, laboratories and workshopsAdministration Area: offices and library; others refer to non-teaching areas (eg.hostel accommodation)Circulation: Myanmar circulation consists of covered ways adjoining buildings.Appendix 11, Table 6


13

Norms for classrooms in TTCs and TTSs have not been established by MOE. Surveyfindings show that 40 per cent of total learning area is low compared with a regional indicator of65 per cent. Conversely, 37 per cent of total area used for administration is high compared with15 per cent as a regional indicator (Table XIV). These differences may be due to the lack of hostelaccommodation for students. This results in the conversion of classrooms to hostels, thus reducingteaching areas and increasing administration or other areas. Generally, circulation consists ofcovered ways adjoining buildings and although within the roofed area, it is outside the walls.Appendix 11, Table 6, provides the distribution of area per student according to use.

There is considerable shortage in hostel accommodation, which seriously affectsthe learning process due to the conversion of teaching space into living areas. On an initial estimateas much as 25 per cent of floor area could be reverted to the teaching space if adequate hostel.Oaccommodation is provided for students.

Condition of Buildings

Table XVCondition of Buildings

Institution Good(%) Fair(%) Poor(%)

TTC 19 81 -

TTS 38 54 8

Appendix 11, Table 1Source: Field Survey

The condition of the TTC buildings is considered as being between good and fair,with the majority, 81 per cent, of brick nogging construction (Table XV and Appendix 11, Table 1).The majority of the TTS buildings are regarded as being between good and fair, with some 8 percent in poor condition. Some 77 per cent of the buildings are in brick nogging construction.Buildings are generally well maintained by staff. In many institutions, maintenance of the buildingsis regarded as part of the teacher training course, although some 23 per cent of the TTSs arepoorly maintained (Appendix 11, Table 3). Some 85 per cent of the TTC buildings are very old withonly 8 per cent being new. In contrast, about 23 per cent of the TTS buildings are old, comparedwith 69 per cent being new.

Accessibility and Services

Accessibility by road to the TTCs ranges between good and fair. Some 33 per centof the TTSs have poor access by road; the remainder ranges between good and fair. In general,all teaching institutions are adequately served by water and electricity supply, although sanitationremains poor (Appendix 11, Table 2).

14

Furniture and Equipment

Furniture in the TTCs and the TTSs is mainly in adequate condition (Appendix 11,Tables 7 and 8). Teaching aids and equipment in the TTSs are generally adequate. The TTCs showonly moderately adequate teaching aids and insufficient classroom equipment (Appendix 11, Table9).

CHAPTER IV

HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Table XVIRespondents to the Survey

RespondentsDepartment

No. %

Health Manpower 1 25

Higher Education 21 72

DTAVE 53 90

Total: 75

Source: Survey Material

Higher education institutions and the number of respondents are shown in TableXVI and Appendix 11, Tables 22A, 23A and 24A).

There is considerable variation in the campus area per student for universities,colleges and professional institutes (Table XVII). Universities range between 3) sq ft per student(Mandalay, Yadanabommi) and 3,060 sq ft per student (8ago College). Professional institutes rangefrom 219 sq ft (the Institute of Foreign Languages) to 7,919 sq ft per student (the Institute ofAnimal Husbandry and Veterinary Science). Norms for campus areas in the institutions of highereducation have not been established by the Government. Classroom areas and their utilization ratesare shown in Appendix 11, Tables 5 to 7. In particular, Table 5 shows recommended classroomareas per student for a wide range of institutions. Classroom sizes and utilization rates showconsiderable variation, with many conditions of overcrowding. Consequently, there is an acuteneed for additional classroom space in many institutions of higher education.

16

Campus Area and Classroom Area

Table XVIICampus Areas in Higher Education Institutions

Institutions Campus Area Campus Area/(Acres) Student

(sq.ft)

1. Universities (Arts and Science)Yangon University (Main) 200.00 325- Kyimyindine campus (Y.U.) 8.40 72- 80tahtaung campus (Y.U.) 2.50 34- Hlaing campus (Y.U.) 20.95 76

Mandalay (Yadanabommi) 5.09 31Mawlamyine University 283.60 1,496

2. Degree Colleges- Taunggyi 130.00 1,639

3. Two-Year Colleges (Arts & Science)- Monywar 100.00 2,279- Shwebo 11.00 384- 8ago 12.00 3,060- Pyay 10.00 384- Meiktila 45.82 1,139- Hinthada 36.75 1,269- Pha-an 4.05 342- Dawei 28.02 1,751- Pakokku 70.00 2,787- Lashio 30.31 2,106

4. Yangon Institute of Technology 120.00 1,302

5. Institute of Animal Husbandry and 150.00 7,919Veterinary Science

6. Institute of Agriculture 180.00 4,982

7. Institute of Foreign Languages 6.64 219

Source: Field Survey


The majority of buildings are of solid construction: either of reinforced concrete,or brickwork, or brick-nogging construction. In particular, reinforced concrete construction is

17

prominent at the Yangon Institute of Technology, 70 per cent of the buildings, the Institute ofEconomics, 87 per cent and the Institute of Medicine, 75 per cent. The majority of buildings inother higher education institutions are of either brick work or brick-nogging construction. Very fewbuildings are of timer or other construction (Table XVII and Appendix 11, Table 1). Some 57 per centof higher education buildings are new, with the majority in good or fair condition.

Table XVIIICondition of Higher Education Buildings

Age ranges % Maintenance ConditIOn ofCondition % Materials %

Sr. InstitutionNo. New Some- Very Good Fair Poor Good Fair Poor

what OldOld

1 YIT 45 52 3 0 90 10 17 80 3

2 Institute of Economics 0 100 0 100 0 0 100 0 0

3 Institute of Animal 100 0 0 10 100 0 100 0 0Husbandry & Vet. SCience

4 Institute of Medicine 75 25 0 0 100 0 0 100 0

5 Institute of Agriculture 100 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 0

6 Yangon University 65 29 11 87 13 0 90 7 3

7 Mandalay University 100 0 0 10 70 20 10 80 10

8 Mawlamylne University 20 40 40 0 80 20 40 40 20

9 Degree Colleges 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 78 22(4 years)

10 Two-Year Colleges 95 9 2 42 51 7 87 43 0

11 Institute of Foreign 25 75 0 80 20 0 5 95 0Languages

Appendix 11, Table 1


Accessibility and Services

Most higher education institutions have either good or fair access, with theexception of some two-year colleges, 30 per cent, where accessibility remains poor (Appendix 11,Table 4). The majority of institutions have adequate services such as water supply, electricity andsanitation (Appendix 11, Table 2) .

•

18

Furniture and Equipment

Table XIXPercentage Adequacy of Teaching Aids and Computer Facilities:

Teaching Aids ComputingInstitution Facilities

OHP A S SP AVG

YIT 1 0 0 1 1 1

Institute of Economics 0 0 0 0 0 0

Institute of Animal 14 20 28 36 25 0Husbandry & Vet. Science

Institute of Medicine 100 100 100 100 100 100

Institute of Agriculture 15 33 10 10 17 0

Yangon University 0 28 0 0 7 0

Mandalay University 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mawlamyine University 12 0 6 18 9 8

Degree Colleges 0 0 0 0 0 0(4 years)

Two-Year Colleges 0 55 0 25 20 0

Institute of Foreign 0 100 100 100 75 0Languages

Avg. of all institutions, without IM and IFL above 9 313Avg. of all Institutions 24

Key: OHP = Overhead Projector, AAVG = AverageAppendix 11, Tables 6 to 9

Source: Survey Findings

Alrcondition, S Screen, SP Slide Projector,

The majority of higher education institutions show adequate furniture in good tofair condition (Appendix 11, Table 8). In contrast, two-year colleges have insufficient furniture whichare in poor condition. With the exception of the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of ForeignLanguages, higher education institutions have inadequate teaching aids and equipment (Table XIX),but certain facilities are in short supply. In particular, audio-visual aids such as overhead projectors,slide projectors, screens and amplifiers are scarce. With the exception of the Institute of Medicine

•

19

and the Institute of Foreign Languages, which are adequately equipped, the institutions estimatethat they have less than 10 per cent of the teaching aids they need.

Computer facilities, which are regarded as essential, are almost non-existent in themajority of institutions. Except the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Computer Science andTechnology, all other institutions estimate they have only about 3 per cent of the computerfacilities they require. The Yangon Institute of Technology, one of the leading institutions in thecountry does not have a single computer. Libraries are inadequately maintained in most institutions.Reading rooms are insufficient and are provided for less than 5 per cent of the student population.library books are out of date. Nearly 30 per cent of locally published books and more than half ofthe books from abroad date back to before 1970. Laboratory equipment is inadequate in mostinstitutions and spare parts and consumable goods are not easily available. There is also an acuteshortage of classrooms, particularly in universities and colleges, mainly due to an increasingstudent population. Very few buildings are provided with air conditioning units, resulting in a poorlearning environment (Appendix 11, Tables 10 to 16).

CHAPTER V

INSTITUTIONS UNDER THE DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL,AGRICULTURAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

Table XXRespondents to the Survey

RespondentsInstitution Total Number

Number %

Government Technical 11 9 82Institutes

Technical High Schools 14 13 93

State Agricultural 7 5 71Institutions

Agricultural High Schools 9 7 78

Commercial Schools 3 3 100

Handicraft Schools 11 7 64

Schools of Fishery 2 2 100

Repair and Maintenance Schools 2 2 100

School of Home Sciences 6 5 83

Technical Teacher Training Institute 1 - -

Total: 66 53 90


Table XX shows response to the survey from institutions under the Department ofTechnical, Agricultural and Vocational Education (DTAVE). Of a total of 66 institutions underDTAVE, there were 53 responses, some 90 per cent, to the survey (Appendix I, Table 24A).

Campus Area and Classroom Utilization Rates

There is a wide range of campus areas for the various DTA VE institutions as wellas within specific types of institution groupings (Annex 1 at the end of this report). The samecondition applies to campus area per student. Government Technical Institutes range between 512sq ft per student (Mandalay) and 18,290 sq ft per student (Mawlamyine) with an average of 3,880sq ft per student. Similarly, Technical High Schools range from 1,718 sq ft per student(Yenangyaung) to 30,100 sq ft per student (Mawbel, with an average of 8,290 sq ft per student.AgriculturallnstitLltes range between 38,466 sq ft per student and 152,842 sq ft per student. The

21

average campus area per student is 103,000 sq ft. This is particularly high due to the low numberof students attending state Agricultural Institutes. The wide discrepancies in the size and standardsfor campus areas may well be due to the fact that they have been provided under variousconditions, size of student populations and over different periods of time. Appendix 11, Table 6provides data on area per student for a wide range of spaces.


Table XXICondition of Buildings

Age ranges % Maintenance Condition ofCondition % Materials %

Institutions No.New Some Very Good Fair Poor Good Fair Poor

whatold

Govt. Tech. Inst. 9 87 6 7 55 43 2 71 29 0

Tech. High Sch. 13 43 40 17 16 80 4 39 53 8

State Agrl. Inst. 5 82 9 9 79 21 0 57 43 0

Agrl. High Sch. 7 45 5 5 46 50 4 25 66 9

Commercial Sch. 3 0 50 50 50 50 0 50 50 0

Handicraft Sch. 7 27 58 15 19 81 0 12 88 0

Sch. of Fishery 2 100 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 0

Repalr/Malnt. Sch. 2 50 0 50 50 50 0 50 50 0

Sch. Home SCI. 5 7 14 0 36 57 7 64 36 0


On average, some 43 per cent of the buildings are regarded as being either old orvery old (Table XXI and Appendix 2, Table 1). The majority of buildings are regarded as being ingood condition. A project funded by UNDP and the OPEC Fund is currently under way forinstitutions under DTAYE, with components for the rehabilitation of building and services, as wellas the provision of equipment.

Accessibility

On average, about a third of institutions have poor access. The Schools of Fisheriesand Repair and Maintenance schools have inadequate accessibility. In contrast, some two thirdsof Agricultural High Schools, Government Technical Institutes and Commercial Schools areregarded as having either good or reasonable access (Appendix 11, Table 4).

22

Classroom Furniture and Equipment

Table XXIII fAdLeve 0 eauacy of Classroom and Furniture Conditions

Type of Institution Furniture

Level of Adequacy (1) Condition (2)

Govt. Technical Institutes 3 2

Technical High Schools 3 2

State Agricultural Institutes 4 2

Agricultural High Schools 4 3

Commercial Schools 3 3

Handicraft Schools 3 2

Schools of Fishery 2 2

Repair & Maintenance Schools 4 2

Schools of Home Sciences 3 2

Notes:(1 ) Level of Adequacy

Full 4Most 3Moderate 2Poor 1

(2) ConditionGood 3Fair 2Poor 1

Source: Survey Findings

Generally, DTAVE institutions are considered to have adequate classroom furnitureand to be in reasonably good condition (Table XXII and Appendix 11, Table 9). This is particularlyapparent for Agricultural Schools and Institutes, Commercial Schools and Repair and MaintenanceSchools. Equipment has been particularly inadequate and out of date for many years. There isconsiderable improvement being undertaken for many DTAVE institutions currently beingimplemented under a UNDP and OPEC-funded project.

CHAPTER VI

OTHER TRAINING INSTITUTIONS

Table XXIIICampus Area by Institution

Sr. No. Institutions Campus Area(acres)

1 No. 1 Industrial Training Centre, Thanlyin 181

2 Co-operative School, Sagaing 22

3 Co-operative School, Mon 15

4 Co-operative School, Shan 1

5 Co-operative School, Hlegu 802

6 Co-operative School, Pathein 12

7 Co-operative Schools, Magway 21

8 Central Co-Operative School 402

9 Saunder's Weaving Institute, Amarapura 6•

10 The School of Fine Arts, Yangon 2

11 The School of Fine Arts, Mandalay 13

12 Myanmar Survey School, Pyin 00 Lwin 325

13 Hotel and Tourism 425

14 Forestry Training School 199

Source: Field Survey

The survey covered seven of 14 institutions. Table XXIII shows a wide variationof campus area for some 14 institutions under the control of ministries other than MOE and MOH.Campus areas are subject to the particular function of institutions, the number of students, thetime of establishment and provision by specific donors (Appendix 11, Tables 1 to 3). The majorityof buildings are in good condition and are well maintained. The Forestry Training School and theFine Arts Schools are housed in old buildings but are well maintained. Appendix 11, Table 2indicates that institutions are well serviced by water, electricity and sanitation.

Many of these institutions have been provided with foreign aid. For example, theNo. 1 Industrial Training Centre at Thanlyin was established with the aid of the Federal Republicof Germany. On the whole, training schools built with foreign aid are well equipped with adequatefurniture and teaching aids. In contrast, those built through the national budget have less thanadequate facilities due to a lack of funds (Appendix 11, Table 8).

CHAPTER VII

CONCLUSION

There is a lack of established norms and standards for infrastructure in Myanmar.Buildings, furniture and equipment are provided on a wide range of standards, with little coordination and a lack of understanding of requirements. There is an urgent need to review normsand standards f'or planning accommodation.

The provision of primary schools is the responsibility of communities and individualprivate donors, with little assistance from Government sources. Therefore, school buildings aremostly inadequately constructed with local non-durable and inferior materials, such as tree-trunkposts, bamboo mat, Dani and palm-leaf for walls and roofs. Survey findings show that almost halfof all primary schools are built of such materials. As a result of neglecting the primary schools,facilities are mostly insufficient, inappropriately designed and of poor quality, particularly in ruralareas. The survey indicates that about 58 per cent of all primary schools offer a poor teachingenvironment in terms of over-crowding, lack of services and inadequate facilities. Similarly,furniture is inappropriate in terms of design and construction and there is also a lack of teachingaids. Urgent consideration should be given to improving the provision of buildings and otherfacilities for primary schools.

Middle and high schools receive assistance from the Department of Basic Education(OBE), although communities contribute to support these schools with funds. However, secondaryschools have poor services (water, electricity and sanitation) and show an acute shortage oftechnical facilities, particularly laboratories and libraries. In contrast to the Government's policy ofgiving priority to science, the survey shows that in practice only some 70 per cent of high schoolshave laboratories. There is also a high deficiency in equipment and materials for science teaching.Survey findings indicate that 52 per cent of middle schools and 39 per cent of high schools offera poor teaching environment. In particular, 25 per cent of middle and 17 per cent of high schoolsare built of sub-standard construction materials. In more than 40 per cent of the middle and 30 percent of high schools there is an acute shortage of school furniture. The survey findings reveal thatthe most important deficiencies in secondary school infrastructure are furniture, sciencelaboratories and libraries.

The maintenance of schools is an acute problem in basic education schools. Abouta third of primary and middle schools and a quarter of high schools have exceeded their design lifespans in terms of appropriate materials and construction methods. Maintenance funds are limitedto 10 per cent of primary and 30 per cent of secondary school requirements, leaving the largershare of the burden on the communities.

Teacher training institutions under the OBE show an acute lack of hostelaccommodation. Conditions are so inadequate in many cases as to convert valuable teaching spacein classrooms into inappropriate hostel accommodation.

Higher education institutions show a chronic lack of teaching aids and equipment.In particular, laboratory equipment is out of date, and computer facilities (with very fewexceptions) do not exist. Library facilities are very poor without up to date periodicals. In general,books date from prior to the 1960's. Moreover, certain facilities are in short supply, includingaudio-visual aids such as overhead projectors, slide projectors, screens and amplifiers. Institutionsestimate that they have less than 10 per cent of the teaching aids they need. The most seriousissues requiring immediate attention in institutions of higher education are inadequate libraryfacilities, teaching aids, computer facilities, classrooms and laboratories.

Annex IDTA VE Campus Areas

Institution Campus Area (acres) Campus Area perStudent (sq ft)

A:Government TechnicalInstitutes

1. Meiktila 50 6,482

2. Monywar 14 1,737

3. Toungoo 30 3,630

4. Hinthada 5 457

5. Chauk 19 1,172

6. Pyay 18 1,241

7. Mandalay 11 512

8. Mawlamyine 232 18,290

9. Insein 40 1,438

Average 46 3,880

Annex IDTAVE Campus Areas

Institution Campus Area Campus Area per(acres) student (sq ft)

B: Technical HighSchools

1. Aungsanmyo 41 7,332

2. Loikaw 10 3,499

3. Dawei 24 13,607

4. Thandwe 7 2,911

5. Myitkina 6 2,244

6. Yenangyaung 12 1,718


8. Mawbe 50 30,099

9. Taunggyi 38 5,925

Average 25 8,290

Annex I:DTAVE Campus Areas

Institution Campus Area Campus Area per(acres) Student (sq ft)

C: State AgriculturalInstitutes

1. Pyinmana 173 38,466


3. Patheingyi (Mandalay) 102 42,523

4. Thayawady (Bago) 108 147,587

5. Shwebo(Sagaing) 200 152,842

Average 174 10,300



D: Agricultural High Schools

1. Myittha44 53,216

2. Thegone32 26,078

3. Namsan32 39,826

4. Taungoo45 34,795

5. Myitkyina57 91,228

6. Hpa-an25 30,250

7. Demauso64 253,678

Average 43 75,724



E: Commercial Schools

1. Mandalay 4 3,006

2. Mawlaymyine 2 1,832

Average 3 2,419

Institution Campus Campus Area per(acres) Student (sq ft)

F: Handicraft Schools

1. Mintab 0.30 1,867

2. Dawai 1.25 6,697

3. Bamaw 3.18 4,947

4. Sittwe 1.00 1,037

5. Aungsan 6.00 7,687

Average 2.35 4,447


G: Repair andMaintenance Schools

1. Insein 0.87 246

2. Mandalay 0.09 140

Average 0.48 193


H: Schools of Fishery

1. Kyaukpyu 51 221,285

2. Bogalay 153 92,444

Average 102 156,864


Institution Campus Area (acres) Campus Area perStudent (sq ft)

I: Schools of HomeSciences

1. Taungoo 1.26 915

2. Myitkyina 0.25 11,837

3, Pathein 0.35 105

4. Mandalay 0.24 39

5. Yangon 1.75 52

Average 0.77 2,590


APPENDIX 1

Table 1 to 19Table 1a to 26A

Table 1Distribution of Campus area by type of school (UNION)

Type of Percentage of schools with campus area Mean of Exiting normSchool (acre) Campus area (acre)

(acre)< 1 1 - 3 3 - 5 > 5

P 32.6 54.5 8.8 4.1 2 5

M 7.7 25 26.9 40.4 5.4 7

H 0 21.4 19 59.6 10.3 10

P = Primary school M = Middle school H = High school

Table 2Distribution of schools by accessibility condition, by ownership status,

and by type of school. (UNION)

Type of Percentage of Schools wIthSchool

Accessibility conditIon Ownership status

Accessible by car Accessible by Not at all All State- Some All All State- Some All land

In all seasons car In some accessible by owned bUIlding on buildlgo owned land on on

seasons only car bUIldings lease n lease land lease lease

p 33.3 21.4 39.3 97.6 .6 1.8 94.6 1.2 4.2

M 67.7 192 231 100 0 0 100 0 0

H 86.7 6.1 8.2 91.8 82 0 98.0 2.0 0

Table 3Distribution of school buildings by construction type,

by condition of materials, and by type of school. (UNION)

Type Percentage of school buildings by

of Construction type Condition of materials

School R.C. B B.N T 0 G F Po

P 0 1 14.1 36.8 48.1 21.6 54.1 24.3

M 0 4.7 40.7 29.6 25 34.9 47.1 18

H 0 10.8 10.8 22.7 17.1 51.6 35.2 13.2

R.C.BB.N.To

Reinforced concreteBrickBrick NoggingTimberOther

GFPo

goodFairPoor

Table 4Distribution of schools by adequacy of water, by source of water,

by means of conveyance of water, by availability of electricity,and by type of school. (UNION)

Type Percentage of schools byofSchool adequacy of water source of water means of availability of electricity

conveyance

adequate adequate not from from earned running dUring not dUring not atIn all in some adequate within outside by water the the school allseasons season In all the the man/car (pipe school hours

seasons campus campus t/car system) hours

P 73.8 22.9 2.3 24.3 75.7 92.1 7.9 23.0 0.6 76.4

M 58.5 37.7 3.8 52.8 47.2 69.8 30.2 26.4 9.4 64.2

H 78.8 14.8 6.4 78.7 21.3 46.9 53.1 57.1 28.6 14.3

Table 5Distribution of school buildings by light condition, by ventilation condition, by environmental condition, by

age and ty'pe of school. (UNION)

Percentage of schools buildings by

Type Light condition Vent. Condition Envir. Condition Age

ofschool Good Fair Poor Good Fair Poor Good Fair Poor New Some-Wh Very

at o.Jd ()Id I

,---,-P 44.9 54.1 1.0 80.5 19.0 0.5 23.4 59.9 18.7 41.1 24.3 34.6.-M 43.6 55.3 0.6 65.0 34.4 0.6 30.3 56.6 13.1 48.2 18.9 32.9

H 44.4 52.9 2.7 80.5 18.3 1.2 35.1 62.2 2.7 41.8 30_3 27.9

Taple 6Distribution of schools by percentage of learning area. by percentage of administration and service area.

by percentage of cirulation area and by type of school. (UNION)

Type Percentage of schools by Mean ofofSchool Percentage of Learning area Percentage of admln & service area Percentage of circulation area Percen- Percen- Percen-

tage of tage of tage of

- learning admln & clcula-tlon

<50 51-70 71-90 >90 <10 11-30 31-50 >50 <5 6-15 16-25 >25 area servIce area

area

P 1.09 19.57 33.59 40.76 36.14 37.36 15.66 40.84 24.78 45.13 23.01 7.08 82.95 6.66 10.39

M 6.72 20.49 39.50 24.37 17.14 35.71 28.58 18.57 17.80 39.93 37.29 5.08 77.28 8.42 14.31

H 9.68 28.23 42.74 19.35 16.10 26.27 21.19 36.44 9.05 43.22 34.67 13.07 70.60 12.90 16.46

Table 7Distribution of schools by no. of pupils and by type of school. (UNION)

Type of Percentage of schools by no. of pupalis Mean ofSchool no. of

<80 81-240 241-400 401-560 561-720 721-880 881-1040 1041-2000 > 2000 Pupils perschool

P 25.4 59.4 10.1 2.4 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165.9

·M 0.0 7.7 23.1 28.9 9.6 15.4 3.8 11.5 0.0 605.4

H 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 10.0 6.0 8.0 48.0 22.0 1361.9

Table 8Distribution of classrooms by no. of students I class - by type of school (UNION)

Type of Percentage of classrooms for no. ofSchool student / class in ranges Mean

< 34 35 - 46 47 - 58 > 58

P 46.7 20.7 10.8 21.6 45.8

M 31 35.3 22.7 11 43.5

H 11.6 30.2 36.2 22.2 49.9

Table 9Distribution of schools by level of adequacy and condition of furniture in classrooms.

and by type of school. (UNION)

Percentage of schools byType

Level of adequacy of furniture in Condition of furniture in classroomsofSchool classrooms

F Mos Mod Ply G F Po

P 14.6 3.8 10.2 71.3 17.2 71.3 11.5

M 29.4 15.7 11.8 43.1 19.6 76.5 3.9

H 40.8 20.4 10.2 28.6 22.4 77.6 0

FMod

Fullymoderately

MosPly

= mostly= poorly

Table 10Distribution of schools by level of adequacy and condition of furniture in classroom. and

by type of education level (UNION)

Type of Percentage of schools byEducation

level level of adequacy of condition of furniturefurniture in classrooms in classrooms

F Mos Mod Ply G F Po

P 18.5 5.6 8 67.9 17.7 74.3 8

LS 65.3 18.8 3 12.9 16.8 81.2 2

US 58.8 11.8 7.8 21.6 29.5 70.5 0

FMod

Fullymoderately

MosPly

mostlypoorly

Table 11Distribution of schools by level of adequacy and condition of equipment. and

by type of school. (UNION)

Percentage of schools byType

level of adequacy of equipment Condition of equipmentof

SchoolF Mos Mod Ply N G F Po

P 0 1.2 23.3 69:3 6.13 5.18 76.29 18.51

M 0 2.4 43.9 46.3 7.3 21.9 58.5 19.5

H 0 19 57.1 23.8 0 10.8 83.7 5.4

FMod

Fully MosModerately N

= mostly= None

Ply= poorly

Table 12Distribution of schools by level of adequacy and condition of equipment. and

by type of education level. (UNION)

Type of Percentage of schools byEducation

level level of adequacy of condition of equipmentequipment

F Mos Mod Ply N G F Po

P 0 0.4 27.7 65.3 6.6 5.0 75.7 19.3

LS 0 13 41 40 6 18 66.7 15.3

US 0 26.8 48.8 22 2.4 6 69.6 14.3

FMod

= fully Mos= moderately N

= mostly= none

Ply = poorly

Table 13Distribution of schools by campus area I head, and by total building area I head and by type of

. school. (UNION)

Type of Percentage of schools by Mean ofSchool

campus area! head (sq - ft) total building area! head campu totals area! building

:s; 200 201-500 501-800 >800 <12 13 =24 25-36 >36 head area!head

P 25.7 31.1 19.2 24.0 50.0 33.0 7.4 9.6 511.2 16.85

M 29.7 37.0 11.1 22.2 20.8 58.3 4.2 16.7 620.8 19.9

H 52.1 29.7 10.4 8.3 0.0 60.4 22.9 16.7 293.4 22.9

FMod

fullymoderately N

Mos mostly= none

Ply= poorly

Table 14

Distribution of schools by learning area/head, by administration and servicearea/head, and by circulation area/head, and by type of school. (UNION)

Percentage of schools by Mean of

Type Learning area I head (sq - ft) admln & service Circulation area I head (sq - ft) learning admin circulation

of area I head area I & ser area I head

school ,,;5 6-12 13-19 ",20 <1 -2.9 3-4.9 ",5 ,,;1 1-2.9 3-49 ",5 head arealhea

P 12.3 49.7 21.5 16.5 535 36.9 41 5.5 17.2 48.5 18.2 16 1 12.5 1.6 26

M 0 49.4 39.8 15.1 33.4 50.6 9.8 5.9 8 42 26 '24 14.9 2 3.1

H 2 24.5 55.1 18.4 27.6 447 128 14.8 8.1 26.5 327 32.7 16 1 2.4 4

Table 15Distribution of classrooms by classroom area/head,by classroom area, and by type of school.(UNION)

Type Percentage of classrooms by Mean of

of Classroom area I head (sq. ft) Classroom area (sq. ft) Classroo Classroom

school ,,;9 9.1-15 15 1-21 21.1-26 >26 ,,;570 571-670 671-770 771-870 >870 area I area

head (sq ft)

(sq. ft)

P 36 32.8 14 6.4 10.8 79.41 4.8 3.3 1.7 10.8 12.5 482.2

M 22.2 408 22.3 7.5 7.2 51.7 ;26.3 16.7 1.8 3.5 14.7 471 3

H 11.2 55.5 21.7 4.8 6.8 21.6 38.2 20.2 6.3 13.8 15.8 790.8

Table 16Distribution of schools having library, science lab., domestic science lab.,

technical! agricultural workshop, and type of school. (UNION)

Type Percentage of schools having Percentage of schs with stated dcondltlon of equipment In

of L1BR- SCI DOM TECH/ Sci. Lib. Dom. Sci. Lab T/A wokshopschool ARY LAB SIC AGRI G F P G F P G F P

LABP 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0M 27 13 4 0 18. 55.8 25.6 14.7 64.7 20.6 5.8 47.1 47.1H 76 70 22 2 39. 55.8 4.7 21.4 73.8 4.8 10 45 45

Table 17Distribution of classrooms by time utilization rate, by space utilization rate.

by global utilization rate, and by type of school. (UNION)

f~~Percentage of classrooms by Mean of

of tIme utlltzallon rate (GAl) space utilization rate (0til) globall!tlhzatlon rale (OIiJ) time space global

school <80 80-99 100- 120- 140- >160 <60 60- 106- 140- 180- >200 <60 60- 100- 140- 180- >220 utth- ullll- ullh-

119 130 159 99 139 179 200 99 139 179 220 zatlcn zatlon zatlon

rate (oAl) ratc fOAl) rate (0til)

p 0 0 96 11 3 0 9 129 172 172 153 284 92 127 182 155 139 305 101 4 2135 2261

M 0 2 96 2 0 0 46 204 235 21 6 148 151 46 197 248 188 168 153 101 6 155 1598

~ 0 0 394 57 2 21 41 147 384 246 106 76 37 144 283 299 11 9 11 8 1056 162 175

Table 18Distribution of toilets by type and condition of

toilet, and by type of school. (UNION)

Percentage and condition of toilets for the types No of

t Type __i Pour-down Type Flush-down Type Other types pupils

_<?~!1Qi!ior:!.-l- % Condition % Condition % Condition toilet0.7 F I 34.4 F 0 - 4.9 F 68.1

6.1 I F B.4 G 0.6 G 7.9 F 86.60.5 L£_ ___ 55.1 F 1.8 G 2.6 F 129.8

Pi%

6

54

Table 19Distribution of community contribution per school

by global utilization rate, and by type of school. (UNION)

Type Mean value of community contribution (Kyats' per school) In year Mean community

of 1984/85 for 1985186 for 1986/87 for 1987/88 for 1988189 for contribution for

school New New Maln- New New Maln- New New Main- N.. New MBln- New New Maln- New New Maln-

BUilding Furniture tenanee BUilding Furniture tenance BUlletlng Furniture lenanee BUIlding FurnIture tenance BUlkjlng Furniture tenanee BUIlding FurOlture tenanee

p 3127 3196 17161 "232 3606 13416 2294 9 2158 33045 12635 1756 23241 2295 5138 31753 2021 318 2372

M 157184 7871 2511 9 170124 12788 47471 48379 16608 159005 320443 16115 6873 4872 9 5432 24032 14897 1076 5244

H 142042 10599 1238 13989 1501 6 27216 6621 24342 7571 1 18362 28753 5511 6 64399 51239 51491 11931 2599 6669

Table 1ADistribution of campus area by type of school and by region

Sr. Percentage of Mean TypeStD No. schools with of of

campus area (acre) campus School1 1-3 3-5 5 area

50 0 50 0 2.3 PKachin 1 0 50 0 50 6.6 M

0 100 0 0 3.5 H12.5 62.5 25 0 1.7 P

Kayin 2 0 40 20 40 6.6 M0 0 100 0 3.5 H0 '100 0 0 2.5 P

Kayah 3 0 0 0 100 22 M0 0 0 100 10 H

25 75 0 0 15 PChin 4 0 100 0 0 3 M .

0 100 0 0 2.9 H0 81.3 6.2 12.5 2.4 P

Sagaing 5 0 0 0 100 6.9 M0 0 50 50 8.7 H

50 0 50 0 0.2 PTaninthayi 6 0 100 0 0 1.3 M

0 0 100 0 4.2 H35 65 0 0 1.1 P

Sago 7 11.1 11.1 55.7 22.2 4.3 M0 0 16.7 83.3 10.4 H

33.3 66.7 0 0 1.3 PMagway 8 0 20 40 40 6.7 M

0 0 0 100 22.4 H18.2 68.2 9.1 4.5 4.9 P

Mandalay 9 0 50 0 50 1.7 M0 16.7 16.7 66.6 6.9 H

70 20 10 0 1 PMon 10 0 0 50 50 5.2 M

0 0 20 80 8 H0 0 0 0 0 P

Rakhine 11 33.3 S3.3 0 33.4 4 M0 0 0 0 0 H

62.5 25 12.5 0 1.2 PYangon 12 25 0 50 25 1.8 M

0 55.6 11.1 33.3 4.5 H20 60 13.3 6.7 3.3 P

Shan 13 33.3 66.7 0 0 1.7 M0 50 0 50 4.2 H

52 33.3 7.4 7.4 3.1 PAyeyarwady 14 0 12.5 37.5 50 6.4 M

0 0 0 100 11.3 H

Table 2ADistribution of schools by accessibility condition and ownership status, by type

of school, and by region.

IPercentage of schools with Type

S/D Accersibility condition Ownership status ofI

Accessible not acces- INot of All Some All All Some All Schoolby car in slble by all state Building Building state land on land onall reason car in all Iaccessible owned on on owned lease lease

reason by car building lease lease landf--------

50 50 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 PKachln 50 50 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 M

i 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 H--

I-

P100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0Kayin I 1000 0 0 100 O· 0 100 0 0 M

I 50 0 50 100 0 0 100 0 0 H----------1--10 20 70 100 0 0 70 0 30 P

~:~50 25 25 100 0 0 100 0 0 M

100 °1 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 H0

~I100 100 0 0 100 0 0 p

Chin 0 100 100 0 0 100 0 0 M100 01 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 H25 50 25 100 0 0 86 0 4 P

Sagaing 50 50 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 M

3--- 0 25 100 0 0 100 0 0 H100 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 p

TaninthaYI 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 M100 100 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 H

25 41.7 33.3 100 0 0 87.5 0 8.3 PSago 25 25 50 100 0 0 100 0 0 M

83.3 0 16.7 100 0 0 100 0 0 H33.3 33.3 33.4 100 0 0 100 0 0 p

Magway 66.7 33.3 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 M

~ 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 H64 24 12 100 0 0 86 0 4 P

Mandalay 80 20 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 M100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 H60 10 30 100 0 0 100 0 0 p

Man 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 M100 I 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 H

- - - - - - - - - p

Rakhlne 33.3 33.3 33.4 100 0 0 100 0 0 M- - - - - - - - - H

36.4 27.2 36.4 100 0 21.4 100 0 0 p

Yangon 80 20 20 100 0 0 100 0 0 M80 10 10 90 10 0 100 0 0 H

28.5 28.6 42.9 78.6 0 21.4 100 0 0 p

Shan 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 M100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 H

21.2 6.1 72.7 97 3 0 94 3 3 PAyeyarwady 26.6 14.3 57.1 93.3 3.3 3.4 100 0 0 M

60 40 0 80 20 0 80 20 0 H33.3 27.4 39.3 97.6 0.6 1.8 94.6 1.2 4.2 P

Union 57.7 19.2 23.1 100 0 0 100 0 0 M85.7 6.1 8.2 91.8 8.2 0 96 2 0 H

Table 3ADistribution of school building, by contruction type andcondition of materials by type of school, and by region

Statel Percentage typeDisvision Constuction type Condition of materials of

R.C Brick Brick Timber Others good Fair Poor schoolNogging

0 0 0 0 100 0 50 50 PKachin 0 0 100 0 0 75 25 0 M

0 0 62.5 37.5 0 37.5 37.5 25 H0 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 P

Kayin 0 0 0 100 0 0 66.7 33.3 .M0 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 H0 0 0 33.3 66.7 11.1 33.3 55.3 P

Kayah 0 0 75 0 25 25 50 25 M0 0 85.7 14.3 0 85.7 14.3 0 H0 0 0 50 50 25 25 50 P

Chin 0 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 M0 0 20 40 40 60 20 20 H0 0 22.2 27.28 50 33.3 33.3 33.3 P

Sagaing 0 0 35.3 29.4 35.3 41.2 41.2 17.6 M0 0 42.9 35.7 21.4 57.2 21.4 21.4 H0 0 0 50 50 0 100 0 P

Taninthayi 0 22.2 33.3 44.4 0 55.6 44.4 0 M0 0 50 50 0 50 50 0 H0 3.7 18.5 55.6 22.2 14.8 70 14.8 P

Bago 0 10.5 31.6 42.1 15.8 35 40 25 M7.4 7.4 29.6 29.6 26 42.2 40.7 11.1 H

0 0 22.2 16.7 61.1 27.8 55.6 16.6 PMagway 0 0 52 8 40 40 44 16 M

0 18.2 18.2 54.5 9.1 27.3 72.7 0 H0 0 22.2 11.1 66.7 18.5 51.9 29.6 P

Mandalay 0 0 50 0 50 33.3 27.9 38.9 M0 2 58 12 28 44 30 26 H0 0 26.7 60 13.3 33.3 33.3 13.4 P

Mon 0 0 83.3 16.7 0 33.3 66.7 0 M0 23.3 53.3 10 13.4 43.3 30 26.7 H0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p

Rakhine 0 0 33.3 66.7 0 50 50 0 M0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 H0 0 10 60 30 0 80 20 P

Yangon 0 0 22.2 66.7 11.1 33.3 55.6 11.1 M0 16.3 59.2 20.4 4.1 65.3 22.7 2 H0 0 36.4 24.2 36.4 36.4 45.4 18.2 P

Shan 0 0 50 20 30 10 80 10 M0 9.1 36.4 0 54.5 72.7 24.3 0 H0 2.6 2.6 6J 33.3 23.1 51.3 25.6 P

Ayeyarwady 0 12.1 21.2 45.5 21.2 30.3 45.5 24.2 M0 13.8 58.6 20.7 6.9 51.7 41.4 6.9 H

Table 4ADistribution of school by adequacy of water, means of conveyance ofwater and availability of electricity, by type of school, and by region.

Statel Percentage of schools by typeDisvision Adequacy of water Source water Mean If conveyance availability of electricity of

adequacy adequacy not form form out carried running during not during not shool

in all in some adequacy within side the by water the the school at all

season season in all the compus manlcart! pipe school hoursseason car system hours

50 50 0 0 100 100 0 0 100 100 PKachin 100 0 0 50 50 100 0 0 50 50 M

100 0 0 100 0 100 0 0 100 0 H100 0 0 100 0 100 0 0 0 100 P

Kayin 100 0 0 100 0 100 0 0 0 100 M100 0 0 50 50 50 50 0 100 0 H

-100 0 0 0 100 100 0 100 0 0 P

Kayah 50 50 0 50 50 75 25 25 0 75 M50 50 0 50 50 50 50 50 0 50 H75 25 ,0 0 100 100 0 0 0 100 P

Chin 100 0 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 100 M100 0 0 0 100 100 0 0 100 0 H

~~ I10 5 20 80 95 5 5 0 95 P

Sagaing 60 20 20 80 50 50 50 0 100 M100 0 0 100 0 33.3 66.7 33.3 33.3 33.4 H100 0 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 100 P

Taninthayi 100 0 0 50 50 50 50 0 100 0 M100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 100 0 H

62.5 37.5 0 70.8 29.2 85.3 16.7 12.5 0 87.5 PSago 50 50 0 37.5 62.5 62.5 37.5 25 0 75 M

83.3 16.7 0 83.3 16.7 50 50 100 0 0 H76.9 15.4 7.7 38.5 61.5 91.7 8.3 100 0 0 P

Magway 40 40 20 60 40 80 20 20 0 80 M100 0 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 0 H

75 20.8 4.2 16.7 83.3 100 0 4.3 0 95.7 PMandalay 80 20 0 80 20 60 40 60 0 40 M

57.1 14.3 28.6 71.4 28.6 57.1 42.9 71.4 14.3 14.3 H100 0 0 60 40 100 0 40 10 50 P

Man 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 33.3 0 66.7 M60 20 20 60 40 25 75 50 50 0 H- - - - - - - - - - P

Rakhine 50 50 0 50 50 100 0 0 33.3 66.7 M- - - - - - - - - - H

63.6 27.3 9.1 27.3 72.7 81.8 18.2 27.3 50 90.9 PYangon 80 20 0 40 60 50 50 0 0 0 M

77.8 22.2 0 77.8 22.2 18.2 81 72.7 50 9.1 H78.6 33.3 100 7.1 92.9 78.6 21.4 0 0 100 P

Shan 21.4 66.7 0 100 0 33.3 66.7 100 0 0 M0 0 0 100 0 25 75 0 100 0 H

55.9 44.1 0 29.4 70.6 93.8 6.2 12.5 0 87.5 PAyeyarwady 75 25 0 50 50 66.7 33.3 12.5 12.5 75 M

80 20 0 100 0 100 0 40 0 60 H73.8 23.9 2.3 24.3 75.7 92.1 7.9 23 0.6 76.4 P

Union 58.5 37.7 3.8 52.8 47.2 69.8 30.2 26.4 9.4 64.2 M78.8 14.8 6.4 78.7 21.3 46.9 53.1 . 57.4 28.6 14.3 H

Table SADistribution of school buildings, by light condition, ventilation, condition,

environmental condition, and age, by type of school and by region.

Statel Percentage of schools buildings by Type

Dlsvlsion Light condition Vent condition Envlron Age of

Good Fair Poor Good Fair Poor Good Fair Poor Good Fair Poor shool

0 100 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 33.3 0 66.7 PKachin 25 75 0 75 25 0 0 50 50 75 0 25 M

37.5 62.5 0 50 50 0 0 100 0 37.5 12.5 50 H100 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 66.6 33.4 0 P

Kayin 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 66.7 33.3 M0 100 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 H

100 0 0 100 0 0 11.1 77.8 11.1 55.6 11.1 33 PKayah 75 25 0 100 0 0 25 50 25 85 50 25 M

71.4 28.6 0 83.3 16.7 0 50 50 0 50 12.5 37.5 H66.7 33.3 0 66.7 33.3 0 25 75 0 50 0 50 P

Chin 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 50 0 50 M100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 40 0 60 H

42.1 57.9 0 89.5 10.5 0 16 80 4 60 16 24 PSagaing 76.5 25.5 0 94.1 0 5.9 45.5 10 45.5 45.5 45.5 9 M

71.4 28.6 0 100 0 0 7.1 92.9 0 21.4 50 28.6 H

100 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 50 50 PTaninthayi 33.3 66.7 0 77.8 22.2 0 11.1 88.9 0 44.4 0 55.6 M

66.7 33.3 0 66.7 33.3 0 50 50 0 50 30 0 H

33.3 66.7 0 77.8 22.2 0 7.4 81.5 11.1 18.5 25.9 55.6 P

Sago 40 55 5 55 45 0 20 55 25 45 20 . 35 M

33.3 66.7 0 100 0 0 40.7 59.3 0 25.9 33:4 40.7 H

55 45 0 90 10 0 53 ,23.5 23.5 64.7 11.8 23.5 PMagway 36.8 63.2 0 73.7 26.3 0 64 24 12 52 24 24 M

9.1 90:9 0 27.3 72.3 0 0 100 0 45.4 27.3 27.3 H

40.7 59.3 0 81.5 18.5 0 40.7 55.6 3.7 48.2 14.8 37 PMandalay 22.2 77.8 0 38.9 61.1 0 16.7 83.3 0 44.5 11.1 44.4 M

37.3 54.9 7.8 58.9 26.8 5.3 30 62 8 52 28 20 H

33.3 66.7 0 66.7 33.3 0 26.7 53.3 20 26.7 40 33.3 P

Mon 66.7 33.3 0 83.3 16.7 0 0 66.7 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.4 M

12 17 2 22 9 0 51 48.4 0 51.6 10.9 35.5 H

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p

Rakhine 50 50 0 83.3 16.7 0 83.3 16.7 0 16.7 3.3 0 M

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 H

10 80 10 30 60 10 10' 50 40 50 0 0 p

Yangon 33.3 66.7 0 77.8 22.2 0 55.3 22.2 22.2 55.6 11.1 33.3 M

48.1 50 1.9 86.5 13.5 0 27.1 72.9 0 33.3 41.7 25 H

36.4 63.6, 0 100 0 0 54.6 36.4 9 81.8 18.2 0 PShan 30 70 0 70 30 0 0 100 0 20 10 70 M

54.5 45.5 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 36.4 18.2 45.4 H

48.7 48.7 2.7 78.4 21.6 0 15.4 48.7 35.9 28.2 25.6 46.2 P

Ayeyarwady 51.7 48.3 0 51.2 48.3 0 33.4 57.8 3 75.8 6 18.2 M

48.4 51.6 0 100 0 0 69 31 0 55.2 31 13.8 H

Table 6ADistribution of school building, by percentage of learning aera , percentage of

administration and service area and percentage of circulation area, by type of school.

State! Percentage of schools by Mean of TypeDlsvlslon Percentage of Percentage of Admm Percentage of Percen- Percen- Percen- of

Learning area & service area circulation area tage of tage of tage of school

<50 51-70 71-90 >90 <=8 9-17 18-26 >26 <10 11-20 21-30 >=31 learning admin clcualtlon

area area area

0 50 0 50 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 100 77 06 6.41 16.54 PKachln 0 75 25 0 50 0 50 0 0 25 50 25 68.24 6.28 25.56 M

91 54.5 273 9.1 5714 0 0 428 10 30 40 20 6757 10.87 21.56 H0 50 0 50 0 0 100 0 0 50 50 0 67.5 917 23.34 P

Kaym 0 0 3333 6667 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 89.44 3.13 7.44 M0 28.57 7143 0 0 100 0 0 0 66.67 33.33 0 7556 679 17.65 H0 10 50 40 0 0 100 0 3333 5556 1111 0 8467 207 1328 P

Kayah 25 25 50 0 0 75 0 25 0 50 50 0 66.46 15.13 18.42 M1667 33.33 50 0 0 33.33 66.67 0 0 1667 6667 1667 6749 10.88 2164 H

0 50 25 25 3333 3333 3337 0 25 0 75 0 7208 8.9 19.03 PChm 3333 3333 33.34 0 0 50 0 50 33.33 0 33.33 3334 5921 23.48 2514 M

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - H0 1579 4211 4211 60 20 10 10 3077 3846 23.08 769 8017 .9.27 10.55 P

Sagamg 0 22.22 33.33 44.45 0 40 60 0 0 7143 0 2857 8532 555 913 M588 2353 64.71 5.88 50 37.5 125 0 40 46.67 1333 6883 12 1917 H

0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 50 0 7713 0 2287 PTanmthayi 0 11.11 6667 2222 0 6667 0 33.3 0 8333 1667 0 775 13.32 9.18 M

16.67 6667 1667 0 0 6667 0 333 0 20 40 40 6293 1171 25.37 H417 417 33.33 58.33 60 20 10 10 66.67 25 0 8.33 89.56 51 5.34 P

Sago 0 1818 50 3182 25 41.67 33.33 0 50 1429 2857 714 8335 6.97 968 M15.38 19.23 3847 26.92 10 20 30 40 1579 3684 36.84 10.53 7582 8.21 15.97 H

0 12.5 18.75 68.75 11.11 5556 1111 222 66.67 16.67 16.66 0 8414 11.77 4.09 PMagway 5.26 3158 4211 21.05 125 12.5 25 50 0 35.71 6429 0 7405 9.79 16.16 M

0 30 50 20 33.33 1667 3333 166 3333 44.45 1111 11.11 73.55 14.4 12.05 H385 23.08 38.45 3462 7.7 6923 15.38 7.7 0 27.27 45.46 27.27 8202 725 to.73 P

Mandalay 0 28.57 5714 14.29 16.67 0 50 33.3 0 70 30 0 81.35 8.76 9.89 M9.84 19.67 2951 40.98 11.11 18.52 18.52 51.8 8.57 54.29 25.71 1143 73.14 15.76 11.09 H

0 33.33 40 26.67 40 40 20 0 8.33 66.67 8.33 16.67 81 14 3.87 14.99 PMon 25 25 37.5 125 0 20 80 0 25 37.5 25 12.5 67.68 12.63 19.69 M

11.54 23.07 4231 23.08 21.43 28.57 14.29 35.7 5.26 47.37 42.12 523 70.42 1474 14.84 H- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - P

Rakhme 16.67 1667 3333 33.33 33.33 33.33 0 33.3 40 40 20 0 8035 8.78 10.87 M- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - H0 9.09 36.36 54.55 5714 4286 0 0 33.33 66.67 0 0 88 11 5.33 656 P

Yangon 14.28 4286 42.86 0 0 40 40 20 5714 14.29 2857 0 70.48 1463 1489 M14.29 35.71 45.24 4.76 12 24 32 32 9.52 40.48 381 11.90 63.91 15.84 2061 H

0 18.18 6364 1818 25 25 50 0 10 80 10 0 80.12 1498 14.9 PShan 0 40 50 10 0 33.33 33.33 33.3 0 22.22 77.78 0 71.54 1584 2262 M

0 3636 45.46 1818 33.33 33.33 0 33.3 25 12.5 25 37.5 77 68 15.05 1727 H0 2619 38.1 3571 42.11 26.32 1053 21.0 16 48 36 0 82.6 16.72 107 P

Ayeyarwad 4 16 76 4 30 60 0 10 8.33 50 41.67 0 7601 15.39 18.61 M4 28 60 8 22.22 2222 0 55.5 4 56 28 12 69.77 1097 19.26 H

Table 7ADistribution of schools by number of pupils and by type of

school, and by region

State/ Percentage of schools by no. of pupils Type

Disvision Mean of of<80 81-240 241-400 401-560 561-720 721-880 881-1040 141-2000 2000 pupil School

0 50 50 0 0 0 0 f) 0 204.5 PKachin 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 50 0 843 M

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 1363.5 H

0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 179 P

Kayin 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 591 M

0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 439.5 H70 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 85.4 P

Kayah 0 50 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 300.3 M0 0 0 50 0 50 0 0 0 644 H

75 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 76.5 PChin 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 229 M

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 1160 H30 50 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 156.4 P

Sagaing 0 0 25 50 0 25 0 0 0 514.5 M

0 0 0 0 0 25 0 50 25 1561 H

50 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 218.5 P

Taninthayi 0 0 0 0 50 50 0 0 0 753 M

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 2141 H16.7 70.8 8.3 4.2 0 0 0 0 0 170.3 P

Sago 0 0 25 50 12.5 12.5 0 0 0 508.4 M0 0 0 0 16.7 0 0 33.3 50 1869.5 H

15.4 61.5 23.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 155.9 P

Magway 0 0 40 0 20 0 0 40 0 787.2 M0 0 0 0 50 0 0 50 0 12S7.5 H

11.5 77 0 0 11.5 0 0 0 0 188 P

Mandalay 0 0 0 40 0 20 20 20 0 737 M

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 71.4 28.6 1846 H30 40 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 212.3 P

Mon 0 0 0 0 50 50 0 0 0 841.5 M

0 0 0 0 20 0 0 40 40 1670.6 H

- - - - - - - - - - PRakhine 0 33.3 0 66.7 0 0 0 0 0 407.3 M

- - - - - - - - - - H18.2 36.3 27.3 18.2 0 0 0 0 0 261.1 P

Yangon 0 0 60 0 20 20 0 0 0 472.4 M

0 0 0 0 20 0 10 50 20 1423.2 H35.7 64.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105.6 P

Shan 0 0 0 0 0 33.3 0 66.7 0 1012.7 M0 0 0 0 '0 0 33.3 66.7 0 1129 H

21.2 72.8 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 144.3 PAyeyarwady 0 0 42 28 14.3 14.2 0 0 0 478 M

20 40 40 0 1159.4 H25.4 59.4 10.1 2.4 2.4 0 0 0 0 165.9 P

Union 0 7.7 23.1 28.9 9.6 15.4 3.8 11.5 0 605.4 M0 0 0 6 10 6 8 48 22 1361.9 H

Table 8ADistribution of classrooms by no - of students I

class - by type of school and by region

Statel Percentage of classrooms for Mean TypeDisvision no-of students Icalss in ranges no-of of

<=34 35-46 47-58 >58 studentsl Schoolcall

50 10 20 20 40.9 PKachin 14.3 64.3 14.3 7.1 42.5 M

17.5 50.8 30.1 1.6 34.6 H.85.8 7.1 0 7.1 18.5 P

Kayin 97.1 3 0 0 22.5 M31.3 37.5 25 6.2 46.8 H

0 PKayah 0 71.4 28.6 0 42.4 M

60 26.7 10 3.3 29.1 H0 20 40 40 76.2 P

Chin 63 24.1 12.9 0 28.5 M4 52 40 4 38 H

28.5 10.8 14.3 46.4 70.9 PSagaing 31.7 19.6 31.7 17 41.7 M

7.7 41.5 47.7 3.1 44.4 H

50 10 10 30 50.9 PTaninthayi 7.1 28.6 35.7 28.6 52.9 M

0 0 64.9 35.1 59.7 H63.3 14.9 9.9 11.9 34.2 P

Sago 20.7 52.9 13.8 12.6 51.8 M3.7 11 45.1 40.2 57 H

0 73.3 3.3 23.4 50.8 PMagway 22.7 36.3 28.5 12.5 41.8 M

16.3 25.6 32.6 25.5 60.7 H31.1 29.7 18.9 20.3 55.4 P

Mandalay 19.7 22.6 35.4 22.6 51.3 M2.7 19.7 39.3 38.3 53.7 H

54.9 17.6 17.6 9.9 40.7 PMon 38.6 31.8 29.6 0 38.05 M

12.7 36.1 42.4 8.8 46.5 HP

Rakhine 16 56 20 8 42.6 MH

50 21.7 8.7 19.6 35.5 PYangon 16.7 47.2 27.8 8.3 44.8 M

9.1 35.4 23.8 31.7 52.6 H72 20 0 e 33.9 P

Shan 11.6 23.2 30.3 34.9 67.3 M37.5 21.4 41.1 0 4 H37.9 12.2 6.7 43.2 63.6 P

Ayeyarwady 57.5 26.6 15.9 0 33.2 M12.9 43.9 33.7 9.5 49.6 H

Table 9ADistribution of schools by level of adequacy and condition of

furniture in classrooms, by type of school, and by region.

State! Percentage of schools by Type

Disvision Level of adquacy of Condition of furniture of

furniture in classroom in classroom School

Fully . Mostly Moder Poorly Good Fair Poortely

0 0 33.3 66.7 0 100 0 PKachin 50 50 0 0 50 50 0 M

66.7 33.3 0 0 33.3 66.7 0 H0 0 100 0 100 0 0 P

Kayin 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 M50 0 0 50 0 100 0 H

-22.2 0 0 77.8 66.7 22.2 11.1 P

Kayah 25 0 25 50 25 75 0 M0 0 50 50 50 50 0 H01 0 33.3 66.7 0 100 0 P

Chin o! 0 100 0 0 100 0 M

33.~j0 100 0 0 100

t~5.6 5.6 55.6 11.1 77.8 11.1 P-

Sagaing 20 0 0 80 0 80 20 M0 50 0 50 0 100 o H0 0 0 100 0 100 0 P

Taninthayi 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 M100 0 0 0 100 0 0 H

20.8 4.2 8.3 66.7 8.3 79.2 12.5 PSago ! 11.1 0 11.1 77.8 22.2 66.7 11.1 Mi

50 33.3 0 16.7 0 100 0 H10 0 10 80 20 70 10 P

Magway 20 20 40 20 40 60 0 M

j0 50 50 0 50 50 0 H

17.4 4.3 4.3 37.9 17.4 65.2 17.4 PMandalay 25 50 0 25 0 100 0 M

28.6 14.3 28.6 28.6 14.3 85.7 0 H-

0 0 10 90 20 50 30 PMon 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 M

33.3 33.3 0 33.3 50 50 0 H0 0 0 0 0 0 0 P

Rakhine 66.7 33.3 0 0 0 100 0 M

0t--0 0 0 0 0 0 H--------1------11.1 0 33.3 55.5 0 88.9 11.1 P

Yangon 40 20 20 20 20 80 0 M63.6 9.1 27.3 0 18.1 81.8 0 H26.7 6.7 0 66.6 20 73.3 6.7 P

Shan 50 0 0 50 0 100 0 M0 0 0 100 0 100 0 H0 6.7 13.3 80 16.7 76.7 6.7 P

Ayeyarwady 44.4 11.1 11.1 33.3 22.2 77.8 0 M

l 50 25 0 25 25 75 0 H

Table 10ADistribution of schools by level of adequacy and condition of furnitur

in classroom, by type of education level, and by region

Statel Percentage of schools by TypeDisvision Level of adquacy of Condition of furniture of

furniture in classroom in classroom EducationFully Mostly Moder Poorly Good Fair Poor Level

tely25 25 12.5 37.5 25 75 0 P

Kachin 25 75 0 0 40 60 0 LS66.7 33.3 0 0 33.3 66.7 0 US

0 25 25 50 25 37 38 PKayin 33.3 0 0 66.7 33.3 33.4 33.3 LS

0 50 0 50 0 100 0 US20 0 0 80 83.3 16.7 0 P

Kayah 83.3 16.7 0 0 33.3 66.7 0 LS0 0 50 50 50 50 0 US0 0 16.7 83.3 0 100 0 P

Chin 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 LS0 100 0 0 0 100 0 US

28 0 8 64 12 72 16 PSagaing 42.9 14.2 0 42.9 0 100 0 LS

50 50 0 0 50 50 0 US25 0 0 75 25 75 0 P

Taninthayi 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 LS100 0 0 0 100 0 0 US

22.5 5 7.5 65 10 82.5 7.5 PSago 68.7 12.5 0 18.8 12.5 81.2 6.3 LS

100 0 0 0 0 100 0 US11.7 0 5.9 82.4 17.6 70.6 11.8 P

Magway 71.4 0 28.6 0 14.3 85.7 0 LS50 0 50 0 50 50 0 US

12.5 6.3 9.4 71.8 18.8 68.7 12.5 PMandalay 60 30 0 10 10 90 0 LS

28.6 14.2 28.6 28.6 14.3 85.7 0 US11.8 5.9 5.9 76.5 29.4 52.9 17.6 P

Mon 57.1 28.6 14.3 0 14.3 85.7 0 LS60 20 0 20 40 60 0 US

66.7 0 0 33.3 0 100 0 PRakhine 66.7 33.3 0 0 0 100 0 LS

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 US20 6.7 20 53.3 13.3 80 6.7 P

Yangon 78.6 14.3 0 7.1 14.2 85.7 0 LS81,.8 0 0 18.2 36.4 63.6 0 US

30 10 0 60 20 75 5 PShan 50 50 0 0 0 100 0 LS

33.3 0 0 66.7 0 100 0 US11.7 7 9.3 72 14 83.7 2.3 P

Ayeyarwady 61.6 15.4 0 23 23 77 0 LS60 0 0 40 60 40 0 US

Table 11ADistribution of schools by I~vel of adequacy and condition of

equipment, by type of school, and by region.

Statel Percentage of schools by TypeDisvision Level of adquacy of Condition of euqipment of

equipment EducationFully Mostly Moder Poorly None GOOd Fair Poor Level

tely0 0 100 50 0 100 0 P

Kachin 0 50 0 0 0 0 100 M50 50 0 0 0 100 0 H

0 0 100 0 0 0 0 PKayin 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 M

0 100 0 0 0 100 0 H0 8.3 66.7 25 11.1 55.6 33.3 P

Kayah 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 M0 50 50 0 0 0 0 H

0 33.3 66.7 0 0 100 0 PChin 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 M

0 0 100 0 0 100 0 H5.8 29.4 58 5.8 0 78.6 21.4 P

Sagaing 0 40 60 0 25 25 50 M0 66.7 33.3 0 0 100 0 H0 33.3 66.7 0 0 100 0 P

Taninthayi 0 50 50 0 100 0 0 M100 0 0 0 0 100 0 H

0 9.5 81 9.5 0 75 25 PSago 0 37.5 62.5 0 0 60 40 M

33.3 50 16.6 0 20 80 0 H0 22.2 77.8 0 11.1 77.8 11.1 P

Magway 0 75 25 0 0 100 0 M0 50 50 0 0 100 0 H0 32 64 0 10 75 15 P

Mandalay 0 73 25 4 50 50 0 M0 100 0 0 0 100 0 H0 30 70 0 0 88.9 11.1 P

Mon 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 M25 50 25 0 25 75 0 H

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRakhine 50 0 50 0 50 50 0 M

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 H0 28.5 42.8 28.5 16.7 50 33.3 P

Yangon 0 60 40 0 66.7 33.3 0 M28.5 28.5 42.8 0 0 60 40 H

0 40 60 0 0 91.6 8.3 PShan 0 66.7 33.3 0 33.3 66.7 0 M

0 50 50 0 0 100 0 H0 19.4 77.8 2.8 6.7 70 23.3 P

Ayeyarwady 0 33.3 66.7 0 0 100 0 M20 60 20 0 40 60 0 H

Table 12ADistribution of schools by level of adequacy and condition of fumitor

in classroom, by type of education level, and by region

Statel Percentage of schools by TypeDisvision Level of adquacy of Condition of furniture of

furniture in classroom in classroom EducationFully Mostly Moder Poorly None Good Fair Poor Level

tely50 33.3 16.7 0 80 20 P

Kachin 25 50 0 25 0 66.7 33.3 LS50 0 50 0 0 50 50 US

0 0 100 0 0 100 0 PKayin 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 LS

0 100 0 0 0 100 0 US0 12.5 68.8 18.8 10 60 30 P

Kayah 0 16.7 66.7 16.7 0 50 50 LS0 100 0 0 0 0 0 US0 50 50 0 0 100 0 P

Chin 0 50 50 0 0 100 0 LS0 0 100 0 0 100 0 US

3.8 30.8 53.8 11.5 8 75 20 PSagaing 12.5 37.5 37.5 12.5 14.3 42.5 42.9 LS

33.3 33.3 33.3 0 33.3 66.7 0 US20 20 60 0 0 100 0 P

Taninthayi 33.3 33.3 33.3 0 50 50 0 LS100 0 0 0 0 100 0 US7.9 18.4 65.8 7.9 0 67.7 32.3 P

Sago 20 26.7 46.7 6.6 16.7 66.7 10.7 LS20 60 0 20 20 60 20 US

0 33.3 66.7 0 7.1 8.6 20 PMagway 0 50 50 0 0 100 14.3 LS

0 100 0 0 0 100 0 US0 25.7 68.6 5.7 7.1 75 17.9 P

Mandalay 0 81.8 18.2 0 25 75 0 LS0 83.3 16.7 0 0 100 0 US

43.8 56.3 0 6.7 86.7 6.7 PMon 14.3 28.6 57.1 0 100 0 LS

40 20 20 20 25 75 0 US0 50 50 0 100 0 P

Rakhine 50 0 50 0 50 0 50 LS0 0 0 0 0 0 0 US0 23.1 61.5 15.4 8.3 66.7 25 P

Yangon 25 25 41.7 8.3 25 50 25 LS42.9 14.3 42.9 0 20 40 40 US

0 40 60 0 0 88.2 11.8 PShan 50 50 0 20 80 0 LS

33.3 66.7 0 0 50 50 0 US0 22.7 72.7 4.5 8.5 68.6 22.9 P

Ayeyarwady 9.1 27.3 54.5 9.1 42.9 42.9 14.3 LS33.3 66.7 0 31.3 66.7 0 US

Table 13ADistribution of schools by region, by campus area/head, by total

building area/head, and by type of school.

State! Percentage of schools by Mean of TypeDisvision Compus area! head ITotal building area! Campus Total of

(sq-ft) head (sq-ft) area! building school<200 201-500 501-800 >800 <12 13-24 25-36 >36 head area/head

50 0 0 50 100 0 0 0 806 10.2 PKachin 50 0 0 50 50 50 0 0 534.6 17.7 M

0 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 522.3 30.4 H0 0 100 0 100 0 0 0 608.4 11.2 P

Kayin 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 1621.61 109.5 M0 0 0 100 0 50 0 50 1029.22 27.5 H0 20 30 50 30 60 20 20 1489.1 25.7 P

Kayah 0 25 50 25 0 25 0 75 1626.8 27.8 M100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 247.5 17.9 H

0 25 25 50 0 75 25 0 1043.2 20.4 PChin 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 570.66 19.7 M

100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 110.75 20.2 H10 30 20 40 33.3 44.5 11.1 11.1 781.16 17.4 P

Sagaing 0 40 20 40 40 60 0 0 1002 11.5 M25 25 50 0 0 66.7 33.3 0 703.8 22.5 H

100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 32 5.8 PTaninthayi 100 0 0 0 50 50 0 0 54.6 13.7 M

100 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 85.89 26.2 H26.1 34.8 34.8 4.3 56.5 30.4 8.7 3.4 359.6 14.2 P

Sago 12.5 75 0 12.5 33.3 55.6 0 11.1 456.2 15.3 M50 33.3 0 16.7 0 83.3 0 16.7 364.2 21.6 H

21.5 64.3 7.1 7.1 57.1 28.6 7.1 7.1 345.12 16.05 PMagway 40 40 0 20 20 80 0 0 700.6 13.3 M

0 0 50 50 0 0 50 50 744.9 18.7 H23.1 34.3 19.1 23.1 66.7 33.3 0 0 571.9 12.4 P

Mandalay 20 40 20 20 0 100 0 0 441.4 17.3 M85.7 14.3 0 0 0 85.7 14.3 0 134.8 18.9 H

f-"10 10 30 30 50 0 20 427 20.5 P50

Mon 33.3 66.7 0 0 0 50 0 50 290.1 24.7 M40 60 0 0 0 60 20 20 229.8 24 H

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRakhine 33.3 33.3 0 33.4 66.7 33.3 0 0 386.4 12.3 M

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 H55.6 22.2 0 22.2 90.9 9.1 0 0 3052.6 7.8 P

Yangon 60 20 0 20 0 50 0 50 350.03 31.2 M70 20 10 0 0 40 30 30 162.03 27.1 H

7.6 30.8 23.1 38.5 0 33.3 11.1 55.6 728.7 37.2 PShan 100 0 01 0 0 50 50 0 73.1 22.5 M

66.7 0 33.3 0 0 50 0 50 272.4 32.4 H35.5 29 16.1 19.4 54.5 36.4 9.1 0 438 13.2 P

Ayeyarwad 14.3 28.6 14.3 42.8 0 100 0 0 782.91 24.8 M0 75 0 25 0 80 20 0 463.2 21.4 H

Table 14ADistribution of schools by learning area/head, administration and servicearea I head, and circulation area I head, by type of school and by region.

Statel Percentage of schools by Mean of Type

Dlsvision Learning area I head Admin & service area I head Circulation area I head learning Admin & Circulation of

(sq-fl) (sq-fl) (sq-fl) area/hea service area! head school

<=5 6-12 13-19 >=20 <1 1-2.9 3.0-4.9 >=5 <1 1-2.9 3-4.9 >=5 (sq-fl) area Ihead (sq-fl)

(sq-fl)

I50 50 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 8.2 11 28 P

Kachm 0 50 50 0 100 0 0 0 0 50 50 50 124 1 42 M

0 0 50 50 0 0 50 50 0 0 0 100 196 5 5.2 H

0 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 6.9 1.2 2.7 P

Kaym 0 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 99.50 34 650 M

I 0 0 50 50 0 100 0 0 0 50 o. 50 19.34 2.0 5.40 H

I 0 30 30 40 0 0 0 100 0 555 22.2 22.2 2170 7.70 3.50 P

Kayah 0 0 50 50 0 ·50 25 25 0 0 25 75 24.8 452 7.3 M

0 50 50 0 0 50 50 0 0 50 0 50 108 23 4 H

0 50 25 25 0 100 0 0 25 25 25 25 155 2 3.4 P

Chm 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 147 2 3.4 M

0 100 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 73 6.1 5.8 H

56 444 278 22.2 60 30 0 10 134 462 76 308 151 2 0.2 P

Sagamg 0 80 20 0 50 50 0 0 25 75 0 0 95 1 15 M

0 333 66.7 0 0 667 333 0 0 333 333 334 147 27 46 H

50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 33.3 66.7 0 0 43 0 146 P

Tanlntha, 0 50 50 0 50 50 0 0 33.3 667 0 0 114 08 1.56 M

0 01

100 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 100 158 211 755 H

4.5 545 273 13.6 778 222 0 0 40 60 0 0 13 1 14 P

Sago 0 667 222 111 778 11.1 0 11.1 14.3 714 0 143 12.2 14 15 M

0 50 333 16.7 20 60 20 0 333 0 667 0 162 23 31 H

77 61.5 23.1 77 125 75 125 0 60 ao 20 0 14.5 17 16 P

Magwa,. 0 60 40 0 0 100 0 0 0 60 20 20 11 16 29 M

0 50 0 50 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 146 0.9 22 H

238 524 19 48 53.8 385 77 0 0 60 30 10 92 1 2 2.5 P

Mandalay 0 50 0 0 25 50 25 0 0 75 25 0 127 19 24 M

0 286 714 0 571 286 0 14.3 14.3 429 285 143 141 18 27 H !0 50 30 20 25 50 0 25 40 444 333 223 163 23 3.6 P

Mon 0 50 50 0 0 100 0 0 0 50 0 50 149 27 44 M

0 20 60 20 40 20 40 0 20 0 40 40 161 24 41 H

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p

Rakhme 0 667 333 0 667 33.3 0 0 33.3 667 0 0 102 07 1 4 M

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 H

36.4 636 0 0 85.7 143 0 0 333 66.7 0 0 63 07 11 P

Yangon 0 50 50 0 0 334 333 333 0 25 50 25 21 8 44 55 M

0 20 50 30 10 50 0 40 0 20 30 50 17 36 53 H

0 91 91 818 25 -50 25 0 10 0 30 60 2961 2 59 P

Shan 0 0 50 50 333 667 0 0 0 0 667 333 139 12 5 M

0 50 50 0 0 100 0 0 0 33.3 667 0 277 14 28 H

3 63.6 ~7 3 61 588 35.3 0 59 167 611 222 0 109 1 2 24 P

Ayeyarwa 0 25 50 25 0 85.7 143 0 0 142 573 285 166 1 8 48 M

16.7 0 83.3 0 60 40 0 0 0 40 40· 20 125 1 2 5 H

Table 15ADistribution of classrooms by space/head and classroom

by type of school and by region

State! Percentage of classroom by Mean of TypeDisvision Classroom space!head (sq-ft) Classroom area Class- Class- of

Very Some Normal Some very room room schoo9 9.1-15 15.1-21 21-26 26 large what what small space! area

large small head (sq-ft)571 551-670 671-770 771-870 870 (sq-ft)

40 30 20 0 10 90 0 0 0 10 14 346.7 PKachin 0 60.8 35.7 3.5 0 0 82.1 3.5 14.4 0 15.6 632.9 M

6.6 37.4 29.4 3.3 3.3 16.4 54.1 24.6 3.3 1.6 15.6 642.1 H100 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 P

Kayin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7 112.5 M .10 26.7 20 3.3 40 23.3 76.7 0 0 0 27.9 534.4 H

10.7 10.7 28.5 17.9 32.2 92.9 7.1 0 0 0 25.4 134 PKayah 0 0 27.3 3 69.7 24.2 0 75.8 0 0 37 682.7 M

15.6 56.3 12.5 3.1 12.5 59.4 25 15.6 0 0 16.3 512.8 H0 50 25 0 25 25 0 0 0 75 18.5 348.3 P

Chin 25 25 25 0 25 100 0 0 0 0 18.2 404 M0 20 45 15 20 0 0 0 45 55 22.3 957.4 H

28.6 39.2 14.3 7.1 10.7 53.6 3.6 7.1 0 25.7 20.6 699.8 PSagaing 32.5 52.5 5 10 0 80 20 0 0 0 11.7 433.2 M

0 46.3 37 2.8 13.9 0 39.8 11.1 9.3 39.8 21.7 1005.7 H60 30 0 0 10 90 0 10 0 0 11.4 277.6 P

Taninthayi 46.4 35.7 17.9 0 0 50 25 7.1 17.9 0 10.7 310.8 M8.1 64.9 27 0 0 0 45.9 35.1 13.5 5.4 11.7 731.9 H

23.1 41.8 14.3 5.5 15.3 85.7 5.5 4.4 2.2 2.2 17."4 477.4 PSago 28.4 45.3 14.7 10.5 1 70.5 11.3 3.2 4.2 105 12.2 650.7 M

6 77.6 9.1 1.8 5.5 20 21.2 35.8 12.7 10.3 16.1 720 H36.7 40 16.7 3.3 3.3 86.7 0 3.3 0 10 11.4 373.1 P

Magway 35.8 51.8 7.4 2.5 2.5 90.1 6.2 3.7 0 0 11.7 438.6 M12 40 26 16 6 8 52 0 18 22 17.2 745.8 H

62.3 28 7.3 1.2 1.2 91.5 1.2 0 0 7.3 9.4 347.3 PMandalay 19.3 48.5 16.1 0 16.1 71 25.8 3.2 0 0 16.7 525.1 M

26.6 59.5 13.3 0.6 0 35.3 39.3 1.6 4.6 9.2 11.3 734.8 H24 40 20 6 10 82 6 6 0 6 17.4 643.2 P

Mon 25 15.9 29.5 13.6 15.9 45.5 25 18.2 0 11.3 17.2 560.9 M6.9 39 36.5 8.2 9.4 10.7 42.8 23.9 1.3 21.4 16.5 1132.5 H

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p

Rakhine 40 40 20 0 0 72 0 28 0 0 0 11.9 M0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 H

66 23.4 0 4.3 6.3 100 0 0 0 0 10.3 268.6 PYangon 16.7 50 27.7 2.8 2.8 25 55.6 19.4 0 0 14.4 173.8 M

17.5 57.9 19.4 4.4 0.8 39.7 20.6 31.7 4.4 3.6 13 692.6 H7.7 26.9 15.4 19.2 30.8 53.9 19.2 15.4 3.8 7.7 22 653.9 P

Shan 31.6 50 13.2 5.3 0 26.3 57.9 15.8 0 0 5.1 270.1 M0 44.6 5.4 17.9 32.1 7.1 50 0 0 42.9 25.2 922 H

32 33.3 18.7 9.3 6.7 54.7 8 1.3 6.7 29.3 13.6 372.6 PAyeyarwady 6.4 34 37.2 17 5.3 34 39.4 22.3 3.2 1.1 18.5 332.3 M

7.8 66.1 21.7 3.5 0.9 14.8 68.8 10.9 1.7 4.3 13.5 686.9 H

Table 16ADistribution of schools having library, science lab, domestic science lab and

technical! agricultural workshop by type of school, and by region.

Statel Percentage of school having Percentage of schools with stated condition for TypeDisvision library Sci- Dom Sci Techl Science Lab Dom. Sci. Lib. Tech I Agri. W/Shp. of

lab Lab Agri schoolW/shp Good Fair Poor Good Fair Poor Good Fair Poor

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PKachin 50 0 0 0 50 0 50 0 50 50 0 50 50 M

100 50 0 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 H

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PKaYln 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 M

100 50 0 0 50 50 0 50 50 0 0 0 0 H0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 P

Kayah 0 25 0 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 10,0 0 M50 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 H

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PChin 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 M

100 0 0 () 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 H8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 P

Sagaing 20 20 20 0 25 50 25 25 25 50 0 0 100 M100 100 0 0 33.3 66.7 0 33.3 66.7 0 0 0 100 H

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PTaninthayi 67 33 0 0 0 33.3 0 0 33.3 0 33.3 0 0 M

100 100 100 0 50 50 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 H4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 P

Sago 0 0 11 11 14.3 57.1 28.6 0 100 0 0 50 '50 M67 83 13 13 33.3 66.7 0 0 100 0 0 66.7 33.3 H

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 PMagway 40 40 0 0 25 50 25 33.3 66.7 0 0 100 0 M

100 100 0 0 50 50 0 0 0 100 0 50 50 H0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 P

Mandalay 0 0 0 0 33.3 66.7 0 66.7 33.3 0 0 0 0 M86 57 29 0 33.4 50.1 16.7 14.3 85.8 0 0 60 40 H10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 P

Mon 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 M80 60 40 20 50 50 0 33.3 66.1 0 25 50 25 H

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 pRakhine 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 50 50 0 100 0 M

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 H0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p

Yangon 66.6 33.3 33.3 0 66.7 33.3 0 50 50 0 0 50 50 M77.7 66.6 11.1 0 42.9 42.9 14.3 14.3 71.4 14.3 0 0 0 H

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p

Shan 100 0 0 0 33.3 0 66.7 0 50 50 0 0 100 M0 50 0 0 66.7 33.3 0 33.3 66.7 0 0 50 50 H

7.14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p

Ayeyarwady 14.28 0 0 0 0 66.7 33.3 0 50 80 0 50 50 M60 80 60 0 33.3 66.7 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 H

Table 17ADistribution of classrooms, by time utilization rate, space utilization rate and by, global rate of

utilization, by type of school and by regionSlalel Percentage of classroom by Mean of

Disvlsion Time Utilization rate 0A> Space Utilization rate 0A> Global Utilization rate 0A> Time Space Global Type

<80 80-90 100-119 120-139 140-159 160 <60 60-99 100-139 140-179 180-220 >220 <60 60-99 100-139 140-179 180-220 >220 Uti/j- Utlll- Utili- ofrate % rate % rate 0A> school

0 0 100 10 0 0 10 10 0 10 20 0 10 20 0 10 20 40 1025 192.4 1983 P

Kachln 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 179 606 17.9 3.6 0 0 17.8 609 17.8 35 0 100 123.5 123.5 M

0 0 587 0 0 41 3 27 137 466 192 123 55 1 4 96 30.1 19.2 19.2 205 138.6 1397 226.3 H- - - - - - - - - - - P

Kayah 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0.00 0 0 3 128 1131 145 M

0 0 467 533 0 0 267 167 333 10 10 3.3 267 166 23.40 20 33 10 110.7 101 7 112.7 H

0 10 100 0 0 0 25 323 21 4 71 7 1 7.1 2.5 32.2 2150 71 7.1 71 100 104 104 P

Kayin 0 0 100 0 0 0 454 273 273 0 0 0 454 273 27.3 0 0 0 100 66.4 66.4 M

0 0 357 643 0 0 6.3 156 34.4 281 31 31 3 18.8 125 344 12.5 18.8 116.9 139.6 1581 H

0 0 100 0 0 0 '0 50 25 25 0 0 0 50 25 25 0 0 100 112.2 112.2 P

Chin 0 0 100 0 0 0 25 25 125 125 0 0 25 25 125 12.5 0 25 100 137 137 M

0 0 100 0 0 0 16 48 36 0 0 0 16 48 36 0 0 0 100 844 84.4 H

0 0 100 0 0 0 36 143 214 143 14.3 143 71 143 179 14.3 143 32.1 100 2188 218.8 P

Sagaing 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 12.2 49 39 31 7 317 0 12.2 49 43.9 244 14.6 100 1732 1732 M

0 0 100 0 0 0 262 431 384 123 0 0 3 432 40 13.8 0 0 101.5 1034 1048 H

0 0 100 0 0 0 10 0 0 20 20 20 10 0 10 20 20 40 100 294.1 2941 P

TanlnlhaYI I 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 143 107 25 3.6 36 0 142 107 25 3.8 433 100 1954 1954 M

0 0 0 100 0 0 0 28 432 43.2 10 8 108 0 0 27 40.5 433 13.5 130 144 268 H0 0 100 0 0 0 129 1.1 18.8 198 16.8 168 148 88 19.8 18.8 17.8 20 100 166.3 1663 P

Sago 0 19 1 809 0 0 0 0 184 276 23 138 138 172 132 322 183 14.9 13.2 99.6 178 1922 M

0 0 100 0 0 0 0 1.2 372 36 177 177 0 12 183 54.3 183 7.9 101.8 180.4 1827 H0 0 100 0 0 0 0 68 233 23.3 233 23.3 0 68 23.3 233 23.3 233 1002 2086 209 P

Magway 0 0 100 0 0 0 23 8 136 295 284 284 23 8 136 284 28.4 19.3 101 5 1796 1827 M

0 0 100 0 0 0 47 256 302 325 47 47 47 255 30.2 32.6 4.7 23 100 130 130 H0 0 H15 0 lH 5 0 1 ;; " "9 "", "" "" v <>0 0" 0'> IV::> .>v" ;;2U t'

Mandalay 0 0 100 0 0 0 3 0 229 323 226 226 31 0 22.6 323 22.6 194 100 170 170 M

0 0 863 0 137 0 1 6 178 426 213 213 1.1 6 158 301 153 317 108 149 1862 H0 0 100 0 0 0 78 157 27.5 21.6 137 137 1.8 137 29.5 21.6 13.7 13.7 101 4 1684 3005 P

Man 0 0 100 0 0 0 68 386 182 6.8 46 46 6.8 387 18.2 6.8 4.5 25 100 167 167 M

0 0 100 0 0 0 44 19 677 13 25 25 38 196 40.5 278 3.2 51 102 297 278 H- - - - - - - p

Rakhlne 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 12 28 16 16 16 0 12 28 16 16 28 100 173.7 173.7 M- - - - - - - - - - - - -. - - - - - - - - H0 0 100 0 0 0 6.5 43 22 196 8 87 65 43 2.2 19.6 87 587 100 238.2 2382 P

Yangon 0 0 100 0 0 0 28 14 44.2 14 7222 222 28 13.9 44.4 139 22.2 28 100 139 139 M

0 0 100 0 0 0 0 14 343 238 151 15 1 0 143 34 24.2 14.7 128 100 150.8 150.8 H0 0 100 0 0 0 32 36 20 4 0 0 32 36 20 4 0 8 100 1535 153.5 P

Shan 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 116 163 27.9 279 27.9 0 11 6 18.6 279 279 14 101 186.4 197.3 M

0 0 100 0 0 0 309 218 473 0 0 0 209 21.8 483 0 0 0 100 93.1 93.1 H0 0 96 4 0 0 53 107 24 20 147 14.7 5.4 12 253 187 173 21.3 102.1 219.6 2274 P

Ayeyarwady 0 0 904 96 0 0 32 446 277 192 2 1 2 1 32 41.5 29.8 5.3 17 32 1047 116 120 M

0 0 100 0 0 0 1 7 16.4 379 353 09 09 26 15.5 27.6 45.7 0.8 7.8 103.5 132.9 138.7 H

Table 18ADistribution of toilet by type and by condition of toilet by

type of school, and by region.

State! Type of toilet No of TypeDisvision Pit Type Pour down Type Flush-down type Other type Pupils of

% Condition % Condition % Condition % Condition ! Toilet school100.0 F 0.0 - 0.0 - 0.0 - 48.2 P

Kachin 88.2 F 0.0 - 0.0 - 11.8 G 110.2 M100.0 F 0.0 - 0.0 - 0.0 - 95.0 H100.0 F 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 44.8 P

!KaYin 100.0 F 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 96.7 MI 100.0 G 0.0 0.0 0.0 - I 80.3 H~-

100.0 F 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 78.0 PKCiyah 77.3 F 22.7 G 0.0 0.0 - 51.0 M

50.0 F 46.2 G 0.0 3.8 G 49.8 Hf-------

100.0 F 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 34.2 PChin 100.0 F 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 57.3 M

100.0 F 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 96.7 H--85.5 F 14.5 G 0.0 0.0 - 76.9 P

Sagaing 38.1 F 61.9 F 0.0 0.0 - 98.1 M50.0 F 33.3 F 0.0 16.7 P 193.8 H

100.0 F 0.0 - 0.0 - 0.0 - 218.5 PTaninthayi 0.0 - 50.0 G 0.0 - 50.0 G 125.5 M

61.5 G 38.5 F 0.0 - 0.0 - 82.4 H--31.6 F 67.1 F 0.0 - 1.3 F 54.7 P

Sago 47.7 F 45.2 G 0.0 - 7.1 P 122.9 M54.1 F 45.9 F 0.0 - 0.0 - 136.7 H87.9 F 12.1 G 0.0 - 0.0 - 69.4 P

Magway 97.4 F 2.6 F 0.0 - 0.0 - 97.8 M76.0 F 24.0 F 0.0 - 0.0 - 114.4 H77.2 F 22.8 G 0.0 - 0.0 - 74.2 P

Mandalay 52.6 F 47.4 G 0.0 - 0.0 - 104.1 M50.0 F 50.0 F 0.0 - 0.0 - 198.3 H41.4 F 58.6 G 0.0 - 0.0 - 69.9 P

Man 45.5 F 9.0 - 0.0 - 45.5 F 191.7 M39.5 F 56.8 F 1.2 G 2.5 F 123.5 H

- - - G - - - - - PRakhine 66.7 F 16.7 G 0.0 - 16.6 F 139.3 M

- - - G - - - - - H27.8 P 52.8 F 0.0 - 19.4 P 72.3 P

IYangon 6.5 F 80.5 F 6.5 G 6.5 F 81.6 I MI

0.7 P 95.9 F 0.7 G 2.7 P 91.4 H89.8 F 5.1 F 0.0 - 5.1 G 50.3 P

Shan 57.1 F 40.0 F 0.0 - 2.9 F 85.6 M26.1 F 73.9 F 0.0 - 0.0 - 78.6 H42.1 F 45.6 F 0.0 - 12.3 F 74.9 P

Ayeyarwady 55.0 F 41.7 F 0.0 - 3.3 F 82.7 M39.4 F 37.9 F 15.2 F 7.5 G 87.7 H61.6 F 34.4 F 0.0 - 4.9 F 68.1 P

Union 56.1 F 35.4 G 0.6 G 7.9 F 86.6 M40.5 F 55.1 F 1.8 G 2.6 F 129.8 H

Table 19ADistribution of mean value of community contribution per school by academic

year, by type of school and by region

State I Mean value of community contrtbutlon (Kyats) per school IS year

Dlsvlslon 1984-85 for 1985-86 for 1986-87 for 1987-88 for 1988-89 for Mean

New New Maln- New New Maln- New New Maln- New New Maln- New New Maln- New New Mam- Type

bUilding Furnl- tenan- bUilding Furnl- tenan- bUilding Furnl- tenan- bUIlding Furnl- tenan- bUilding Furnl- tenan- butldlng Furnl- tenan of

N.B ture ce N.B ture ce NB ture ce NB ture ce NB ture ce N.B ture ce school

N.F M NF M N.F M NF M N.F M N.F M

15000 0 0 10000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4500 0 0 5000 5000 0 1900 P

Kachln 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 350000 0 0 0 0 3500 70000 0 700 M

20220 0 2592 29710 0 8775 10703 2300 2500 12977 0 1300 11415 7500 400 17005 1960 3113 H

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5000 0 5000 1000 0 1000 P

Kayln 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 0 M

0 115 500 0 200 513 0 60 554 0 0 535 0 2000 0 0 150 420 H

0 66.7 144 4 2222 556 200 444 50 288 222 100 256 89 22 822 395 59 342 P

Kayah 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 500 1500 200 lOO 300 M

0 0 3706 0 0 9360 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2813 H

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 P

Chin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M

0 0 0 0 0 3500 0 0 3500 0 0 3300 0 0 2700 0 0 2600 H

0 333 100 0 167 47 2080 516 1689 3125 147 1085 2860 600 1567 1613 293 898 P

Sagaing 27124 400 2400 3000 480 3795 39 220 1526 f800 308 60 0 0 494 6393 563 1655 M

0 0 0 0 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1667 0 80 413 H

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p

TanlnthaYI 0 0 0 15000 0 15000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3000 0 3000 M

0 0 338 0 0 1350 0 0 1693 0 0 1441 0 0 2900 0 0 1544 H

3219 19.4 216 27 212 225 3024 305 2016 1210 92 834 2189 50 886 1933 136 835 P

Bago 0 141 571 '71 321 1126 2824 187 643 1582 106 1277 1261 489 986 .1148 249 921 M

5000 1400 6480 2715 1600 2860 1028 2500 2380 7148 3100 2320 8493 1500 1040 4877 2020 3016 H

625 367 2323 3562 431 1889 0 68 1837 175 0 1502 3125 4375 5389 1485 1048 2588 P

Magway 17014 1993 2757 38312 2179 38903 10898 1263 12164 19932 5998 20531 13923 746 14660 20015 2436 17804 M

1167 300 200 0 0 lOO 0 3027 5771 66667 0 5172 33333 1333 5595 20233 932 3368 H

650 93 3071 643 22 59 6068 208 5160 386 636 1181 4775 419 1432 2484 276 2179 P

Mandalay 16014 376 222 11667 862 332 16287 770 563 0 0 202 1749 0 1373 9153 803 535 M

5320 1138 6386 37148 740 6808 18523 2390 7375 9935 3476 6732 16996 2770 10468 17584 3103 14304 H

800 160 1413 400 95 812 3626 496 801 1342 285 4894 230 50 1633 128~ 217 1907 P

Mon 0 0 0 0 600 0 0 0 7150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 1430 M

4748 0 13632 1006 968 4822 2350 1638 6588 0 750 5369 0 750 11707 3242 821 8424 H

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p

Rakhlne 333 267 808 333 466 917 333 250 860 333 383 883 2667 343 975 800 342 889 M

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 H

333 78 1266 333 81 1020 333 106 2454 0 22 1957 3118 272 2672 823 112 1874 P

Yangon 6166 533 2628 5000 1333 1646 2333 1166 2995 1833 333 3383 0 0 1302 6133 1266 2391 M

833 0 1441 833 0 1489 833 0 4982 17333 2000 2788 833 4067 3437 4133 1213 2827 H

14545 918 246 4441 966 1381 4091 96 121 8686 46 4668 5970 500 1565 7547 505 1796 P

Shan 24072 1588 1595 67262 1648 2057 11366 1693 103548 9943 3268 13713 7200 1080 8046 21949 1855 25795 M

15750 750 600 750 3437 350 750 760 3168 3750 750 275 3875 4800 3733 4975 2097 1525 H

1655 100 425 904 65 985 209 72 358 460 85 727 462 224 1107 738 109 720 P

Ayeyarwadl 151 1987 1787 300 1730 11825 1020 1641 1250 434 2306 2759 153 1479 4493 412 3829 M

32500 312 34125 7250 8788 1538 2500 1688 4188 990 8675 4084 4394 6444 2825 9947 5271 9352 H

Table 20AShowing the number of schools to which the questionaire was sent and

those which respondedSr. State No of type of schoolsNo. and to which the No. and type of schools which responded

Division questionaire was senS.H.S S.M.S S.P.S S.H.S % S.M.S % S.P.S %

1 Kachin 3 3 9 2 66.7% 2 66.7% 4 44.4%

2 Kayah 4 8 10 2 50.0% 1 12.5% 2 20.0%

3 Kayin 3 6 14 3 100.0% 6 100.0% 10 71.4%

4 Chin 4 6 15 1 25.0% 1 16.7% 4 26.7%

5 Sagaing 6 6 24 4 66.7% 6 100.0% 21 87.5%

6 Taninthayi 4 5 8 1 25.0% 2 40.0% 2 25.0%

7 Sago 9 10 36 6 66.7% 8 80.0% 25 69.4%

8 Magway 6 7 27 2 33.3% 5 71.4% 13 48.1%

9 Mandalay 10 10 36 7 70.0% 5 50.0% 25 69.9%

10 Mon 5 4 11 5 100.0% 4 100.0% 10 90.9%

11 Rakhine 4 5 19 - 0.0% 3 60.0% - 0.0%

12 Yangon 14 10 23 9 64.3% 5 50.0% 11 47.8%

13 Shan 4 5 17 4 100.0% 3 60.0% 13 94.1%

14 Ayeyarwady 9 13 50 6 66.7% 8 61.5% 33 66.0%Total 85 98 299 52 61.2% 59 60.2% 173 58.8%

Table 21ABasic Education

Number of Teacher Training Institutions No. ofSr. RespondentsNo. Type of Institution Location 1st1. Teacher Training Colleges Mandalay,Mawlamying 4 2

Pathein,Yangon(Kanbe)

2, Teacher Training Schools Bogalay, Hlegu, Kyaukpyu,Meiktila, Myaungmya, 13 6Myitkyina, Pakokku, Pyay,Sagaing, Taunggyi, Thegon,Thingangyun, Toungoo

Total 17 8(47.1 %)

Table 22ADepartment of Health manpowerNumber of Institutions

Sr. No. ofNo. Type of Institution Locations 1st Respondents

1 Institute of Medicine No.(1) Yangon 12 Institute of Medicine No (2) Yangon 1 13 Institute of Dental Medicine Yangon 14 Instituteo of Medicine Mandalay 1

Total 4 1 (25%)

Table 23AHigher Education

Sr. Number of Universities and Institutes No. ofNo. Type of Institution Locations Inst Respondents

1 Universities (Arts and -Yangon Universities (main)Science) (Hlaing, Sotataung,

Kyimyindine) 7 5-Mandalay, Universities(Main, Yatanabonmi)

-Mawlamyine University .2 Degree Colleges Magway, Myitkyina 5 1

(Arts and Science) Pathein, Sittwe, Taunggyi

3 Two-year Colleges Sago, Dawei, Hinthada,(Arts and Science) Pha-an, Myitkyina, Monywar

Pakokku,Pyay, ShweboYenangyaung, Lasho. 11 10

4 Yangon Institute ofTechanology Yangon 1 1

5 Institute of AnimalHusbandary Yezin (Pyinmana) 1 1Veterinary Science

..6 Institute of Economics Yangon 1 1

7 Institute of Agriculture Yezin(Pyinmana) 1 1

8 Institute of Education Yangon 1 1

9 Institute of Foreign Yangon 1 1Languages

Total 29 21 (72.4%)

Table 24ATechnical,Agricultural and Vocational Education

Sr. Number of Institutions No. ofNo. Type of Institutions Locations Inst Respondents

1 Government Technical Insein, Mandalay, Kalaw,Institutes Chauk, Hinthada,

Mawlamyine, Meiktila,Monywar, Pyay, Toungoo. 10 9

2 Technical HighSchools Yangon (1), Yangon(2),

. AungSan Myo, Eawei, Loikaw,Mandalay, MawlamyineMaymyo, Mawbe, Myitkyina,Taunggyi, Thandwe,Yenangyaung 13 13

3 State Agricultural Pyinmana, Thaton, Myaungmya,Institutes{3 yrs) Shwebo, Patheingyi, Pwintbyu,

Thayarwady 7 5[

4 Agricultural High Demauso, Hpa-an, KyauktawSchool{2 yrs) Lonpi, Myitkyina, Myittha,

Namson, Thegon, Taungoo 9 7

5 Commercial Schools Mandalay, Mawlamyine, 3 3(9 months) Yangon ..

6 Handicraft Schools Aungsanmyo, Bhamaw! Dawei,(1 yr) Lashio, Mindat, Shwebo,

Sittwe 7 7

7 Schools of Fishery Kadonkani{Bogalay)(9 months) Kyaukpyu. 2 2

8 Repair and Maintenancce Aungsanmyo, Mandalay 2 2Schools (6 months)

9 Schools of Home Mandalay, Mawlamyine,Science (3-12 months) Myitkyina, Pathein,

TAungoo, Yangon 6 5Total 59 53(89.89)

Table 25AList of Schools and Training centres Studied and

Interviewed by the GroupSr. No. StatelDiv Township and SchoolfTraining Ministry NO. Remark

1 Yangon Insein Township Ministry of-S.H.S (3) Education-S.M.S (12) 3-S.P.S (central)Mingaladon Township 11

-S.H.S (1)-S.M.S (6) 3-S.P.S (1)Yankin Township 11

- Teacher TrainingCol~ege (kanbe)-Teacher Training 2School (Thangangyun)

Thuwonna Township Ministry of-Central Training ConstructionSchool (Public 1Construction Works)

Bahan Township Ministry of-Hotel and Tourism Trade 1Training Centre(kandawgyi Hotel) Ministry of-School of Fine Arts Culture 1Than Lyin Township Ministry of-Industrial Training Industry 1Centre,Than Lyin

2 Ayeyarwady Pathein West Ministry ofTownship Education-S.H.S (Chaungthar) 2-S.P.S (Kangyiywa)Pathem-Pathein Degree College 1-School of Home SCience 1-S.H.S (3) 1

3 Mandalay Mandalay Mmlstryof-S.H.S (16) Education-S.H.S (9) 3-S.M.S (14)-Government Technical 11

Institute 1-State Agrcultural 11Institute (Patteingyi) 1

Amarapurs 11

-S.P.S(PR.81)-Saunder's Weaving Ministry ofInstitute Cooperative 1

IPym 00 Lwin Ministry of-Myanmar Survey School Agriculture 1-Forestry Training School and Forest 2

4 Sagaing Sagaing Ministry of-Academy for !Development Home & Religiousof Nallonal Groups Affairs 1(Tbartgutgyi)-Co-operative Training Ministry ofSchool Co-operative 1Shwebo Ministrey of-S.H>S (1) Education-S.M.S (Myoma) 3-S.P.S (Aungzayya)TOTAL 31

Table 26ASAMPLING DESIGN

Basic Education (Primary and Second Schools)State/Div No. of Town ship Township SHS S.M.S S.P.S

pop 0AJ of Sample Selected pop 0AJ of Sample pop "10 of Sample pop 0AJ of Sample

Samp. unit Samp unit Samp. unit Samp. unit

Kachln 18 5 Bamaw 21 100AJ 2 40 5% 2 559 10AJ 6Moe Kaung

Myit KylnaWine Maw

Kayin 6 3 Demau Soe 5 400AJ 2 23 200AJ 5 194 40AJ 8

Phar Saung

LOI Kaw

Kayah 7 3 Pa-an 11 20% 2 44 100AJ 4 706 20AJ 14

Hling Bue

Tandaung

Chin 9 5 Tiddim 12 200AJ 2 47 100AJ 5 641 20AJ 13PaletWa

Fa LamMindutHa Ka

Sagalng 38 22 Kather 47 10% 5 49 5% 5 2166 10AJ 22

Kaw LIn

KantblueKyunHla

Chaung 00Saging

Khin 00

Salln GylTantSeDe Payin

Pin le boo

Budalln

Muang

Myln Mu

Many War

YIn Marbln

Ye 00Shwe bo

Wet Let

Wun ThoAyan daw

In daw

Tanlnthayi 10 5 Tanlntharyl 14 200AJ 3 25 10% 3 487 20AJ 10

Dawal

Myeik

Yephyu

Thayetchaung

Bago 28 28 All 80 10% 8 180 50AJ 9 3446 1% 34

Kan MaChaukSagu (Mlnbu)

Slnbaung We

SalinTaungdwlngyi

Natmauk

Table 26A (Continue)State/Dlv No. of Town ship Township S.H.S S.M.S S.P.S

pop 0A> of Sample Selected pop % of Sample pop 0", of Sample pop % of Sample

Samp. unit Samp. unit Samp. unit Samp unit

Magway 25 19 Pakok Ku 47 10% 5 120 5°A> 6 2700 1°A> 27

Pauk

Pwin Phyu

Mague

Mlndon

Min Hla

Myo thlt

Mytng

Myede

YesagyoYenangyaung

ThayetMandalay 29 28 All except 85 100", 9 176 5°A> 9 3383 1°A> 34

Thabalk KytnMon 10 8 KYlhto 35 10°A> 4 60 soA> 3 897 1°A> 9

KyaikmayawChang ltne

paung

Silin

Muoon

Mawlaingyaing

ThantonRakhtne 17 12 Kyauk taw 30 10% 3 79 5% 4 1654 1% 17

Kyauk phyugwa

SittweTaunggokePauktawPonnagYInMinbyaMyay bon

Myauk 000

RambreThandwe

Yangon 37 37 All 126 10°A> 13 185 5°A> 9 2071 1°A> 21Shan 46 17 Kalaw 26 10% 3 66 -5% 3 1439 1% 14

Kyaukme

Nyaung shwe

TaunggylNaung /cho

Nan Khan

NamtuPinlaung

Ptndaya

Yaksauk

Ywangan

Lasho~ Linkhe

Lwallin

Thibaw

HopanHopon

Ayeyarwady 26 26 All 79 10% 8 227 5°A> 11 4896 1°A> 49Total 69 78 278

APPENDIX 2

Table 1 to 17

OUTPUT TABLE 1Percentage of buildings with different types and conditions of materials

Sr. Institution No of Percentage of buildings with Percentage of Building withNo. Respon- construction type condition of materials

dents R.C Brick Brick Timber Others Good Fair Poor

NoggingD.H.E

1. Yangon Institute of Technology 1 70 12.5 7.5 7.5 2.5 17.5 80 2.52. Institute of Economics 1 87.5 12.5 0 0 0 100 0 03. Institute of Animal Husbandry 1 29.3 31.7 39 0 0 100 0 0

and Veterinary Science4. Institute of Medicine 1 75 0 16.7 8.3 0 0 100 05. Institute of Agriculture 1 18.5 73.8 0 4.6 3.1 - - -6. Yangon Universities 3 25.8 32.3 32.3 4.8 4.8 90 6.7 3.37. Mandalay Universities 1 0 40 40 0 20 10 80 108. Mawlamyine Universities 1 20 40 20 0 20 40 40 209. Degree Colleges (4) year 1 6.3 21.9 43.7 28.1 0 0 78.1 21.9

10. COlleges (2) year 10 3.6 7.8 75.1 6.2 7.3 67.1 42.9 011. Foreign Languages 1 10 70 10 0 10 5 95 0

D.T.A.V.E1. Government Technical Institute 9 14.3 16.7 68.3 0 0.7 70.8 29.2 02. Technical High Schools 13 9 35 49 6 1 39 53 83. State Agriculture Institute 5 4 0 94 0 2 57 43 04. Agricultural High Schools 7 0 1.3 34.7 61.3 2.7 25.4 66.2 8.45. Commercial Schools 3 100 0 0 0 0 50 50 06. Handicraft Schools 7 26.9 11.5 57.8 3.8 0 11.5 88.5 07. Schools of Fishery 2 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 08. Repair & Maintenance Schools 2 0 50 50 0 0 50 50 09. Home Science Schools 5 0 0 85.8 7.1 7.1 63.6 36.4 0

Teacher Training1. Teacher Training Colleges 2 3.8 15.4 80.8 0 0 19.2 80.8 02 Teacher Training Schools 6 0 7.7 76.9 7.7 7.7 38.5 53.8 7.7

Other Training1. Co-operative Training School 1 0 0 67 6.5 6.5 20.8 79.2 0

(Sagaing)2. Myanmar Survey School 1 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 0

(Puin 00 LWln)3. Hotel and Tourism Training 1

Centre (Kandawgyi Hotel)4. Forestry Training School 1

(Pyin 00 Lwin)5. No. (1) Industrial Training 1 84.6 0 0 0 15.4 100 0 0

Centre (Than Lyin)6. School of Fine and Arts (Bahan) 1 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 07. Saunder's Weaving Institute 1 25 0 75 0 0 0 100 0

(Amarapura)

OUTPUT TABLE 2Level of adequacy of water. electricity and sanitary services

Sr. Institution No of Level of adequacy of

No. Respon- Water Water Electri- Electri- Sanitary Sanitarydents Supply Supply cal city fittings services

fittings fittings supplyD.H.E

1. Yangon Institute of Technology 1 4 3 3 4 4 4

2. Institute of Economics 1 3 3 3 4 33. Institute of Animal Husbandry 1 3 3 3 3 3 3

and Veterinary Science4. Institute of Medicine 1 3 3 3 4 3 35. Institute of Agriculture 1 3 3 3 3 3 36. Yangon Universities 3 3 3 3 4 3 37. Mandalay Universities 1 2 2 1 3 2 28. Mawlamyine Universities 1 2 2 2 2 2 29. Degree Colleges (4) year 1 2 2 2 2 1 1

10. Colleges (2) year 10 2 2 3 3 2 211. Foreign Languages 1 4 4 3 4 4 4

D.T.A.V.E1. Government Technical Institute 9 3 3 3 4 3 32. Technical High Schools 13 2 3 3 4 2 33. State Agriculture Institute 5 2 2 3 3 2 34. Agricultural High Schools 7 1 3 3 4 2 25. Commercial Schools 3 3 3 3 3 2 26. Handicraft Schools 7 2 2 3 2 2 17. Schools of Fishery 2 1 3 2 2 1 18. Repair & Maintenance Schools 2 3

.3 2 3 2 3

9. Home Science Schools 5 3 4 3 4 3 3

Teacher Training1. Teacher Training Colleges 2 3 3 3 3 2 32 Teacher Training Schools 6 3 3 3 3 2 2

Other Training1. Co-operative Training School 1 3 3 3 3 3 3

(Sagaing)2. Myanmar Survey School 1 3 3 3 4 2 2

(Puin 00 Lwin)3. Hotel and Tourism Training 1 - - - - - -

Centre (Kandawgyi Hotel)4. Forestry Training School 1 3 3 4 4 4 4

(Pyin 00 Lwin)5. No. (1) Industrial Training 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

Centre (Than Lyin)6. School of Fine and Arts (Bahan) 1 4 4 4 4 4 4

7. Saunder's Weaving Institute 1 2 2 2 2 1 1

(Amarapura)

OUTPUT TABLE 3Percentage of buildings with different maintenance and environmental conditions, and with

different ranges of age, by institution

Sr. No of Percentage of buildings with stated conditionNo. Institution Respon- Maintenance condition Environmental condition Age Ranges

dents Good Fair Poor Good Fair Poor new some Verywhat oldold

D.H.E1. Yangon Institute of Technology 1 0 90 10 0 92.5 7.5 45 52.5 2.52. Institute of Economics 1 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 100 03. Institute of Animal Husbandry 1 0 100 0 0 100 0 100 0 0

and Veterinary Science4. Institute of Medicine 1 0 100 0 0 100 0 75 25 05. Institute of Agriculture 1 0 100 0 0 100 0 100 0 06. Yangon Universities 3 87.3 12.7 0 14.3 85.7 0 65.1 23.8 11.17. Mandalay Universities 1 10 70 20 10 80 10 100 0 08. Mawlamyine Universities 1 0 80 20 0 80 20 20 40 409. Degree Colleges (4) year 1 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 010. Colleges (2) year 10 4?.1 50.8 7.1 0.6 92.3 7.1 94.7 3.4 1.711. Foreign Languages 1 80 20 0 0 100 0 25 75 0

D.T.A.V.E1. Government Technical Institute 9 55.1 43.3 1.6 26 73.2 0.8 87.2 6 6.82. Technical High Schools 13 16.5 80 3.5 4.7 95.3 0 43.5 40 16.53. State Agricultural Institutes 5 79 21 0 13 87 0 82 9 94. Agricultural High Schools 7 46 50 4 30 67 3.0 50 45 55. Commercial Schools 3 50 50 0 0 100 0 0 50 506. Handicraft Schools 7 19 81 0 15 81 40 27 58 157. Schools of Fishery 2 0 100 0 9.1 90.9 0 100 0 08. Repair & Maintenance Schools 2 50 50 0 0 100 0 50 0 509. Home Science Schools 5 57 36 7 0 100 0 79 7.0 14

Teacher training1. Teacher Training Colleges 2 7.7 92.3 I 0 30.8 69.2 0 7.7 7.7 84.62 Teacher Training Schools 6 23.1 53.8 23.1 0 100 0 69.1 7.7 23.1

Other Training1. Co-operative Training School 1 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0

(Sagaing)2. Myanmar Survey School 1 0 100 0 0 100 0 57.5 0 62.5

(Puin 00 Lwin)3. Hotel and Tourism Training 1 - - - - - - - - -

Centre (Kandawgyi Hotel)4. Forestry Training School 1 100 0 0 100 0 0 - - -

(Pyin 00 Lwin)5. No. (1) Industrial Training 1 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0

Centre (Than Lyin)6. School of Fine and Arts (Bahan) 1 0 100 0 50 50 0 0 100 07. Saunder's Weaving Institute 1 0 100 0 0 100 0 11.1 0 88.9

(Amarapura)

OUTPUT TABLE 4Condition of the access road

Sr. Institution Noof Condition of the access roadNo. Respon- Good Fair Poor Very Poor

dents

D.H.E1. Yangon Institute of Technology 1 0 100 0 02. Institute of Economics 1 0 100 0 03. Institute of Animal Husbandry 1 0 100 0 0

and Veterinary Science4. Institute of Medicine 1 0 100 0 05. Institute of Agriculture 1 0 100 0 06. Yangon Universities 3 33.3 66.7 0 07. Mandalay Universities 1 100 0 0 08. Mawlamyine Universities 1 100 0 0 09. Degree Colleges (4) year 1 0 100 0 0

10. Colleges (2) year 10 0 70 30 011. Foreign Languages 1 100 0 0 0

D.T.A.V.E1. Government Technical Institute 9 66.7 33.3 0 02. Technical High Schools 13 38 38 23 03. State Agriculture Institute 5 40 40 20 04. Agricultural High Schools 7 67 33 33 05. Commercial Schools 3 67 0 33 06. Handicraft Schools 7 0 71 29 07. Schools of Fishery 2 0 50 50 08. Repair & Maintenance Schools 2 0 50 50 09. Home Science Schools 5 60 40 0 0

Teacher training1. Teacher Training Colleges 2 50 50 0 02. Teacher Training Schools 6 17 50 33 0

Other Training1. Co-operative Training School 1 100 - - -

(Sagaing)2. Myanmar Survey School 1 100 0 0 0

(Puin 00 Lwin)3. Hotel and Tourism Training 1 100 0 0 0

Centre (Kandawgyi Hotel)4. Forestry Training School ·1 \ 100 0 0 0

(Pyin 00 Lwin)5. No. (1) Industrial Training 1 100 0 0 0

Centre (Than Lyin)6. School of Fine and Arts (Bahan) 1 0 100 0 07. Saunder's Weaving Institute 1 100 0 0 0

(Amarapura)

OUTPUT TABLE 5Area, time utilization rate and average recommended space per student of classrooms

Sr. Institution No of Percentage of classrooms with Percentage of classrooms with Average Average of

No. Res- area In the ranges TUR In the ranges TURof mmrecommende

pon- 600 601- 1201- 1800- 2400 < 30 31-50 51-70 71-90 >90 classrooms class area

dents 1200 1800 2400 > per student

D.H.E1. Yangon Institute of Technology 1 0 45 45 10 0 0 0 10 90 0 82.2 17.42. Institute of Economics 1 0 12.9 19.4 23.3 35.4 0 0 100 0 0 60 14.33. Institute of Animal Husbandry 1 0 0 33.3 0 66.7 0 100 0 0 0 50 11.6

and Veterinary Science4. Institute of MedIcine 1 15.4 38.5 15.4 7.7 23 53.8 46.2 0 0 0 28.6 22.15. Institute of Agriculture 1 0 5 75 0 20 0 0 63.2 26.3 10.5 32.9 15.66. Yangon Universities 3 12.7 33.3 131.4 15.7 6.9 0 0 8.3 0 91.7 139.6 12.97. Mandalay Universities 1 7 65.1 18.6 9.3 0 0 0 65.2 0 24.8 85.7 19.648. Mawlamyine Universities 1 11.1 64.4 6.7 15.6 2.2 63.2 13.2 5.3 15.8 2.6 19.9 09. Degree Colleges (4) year 1 0 55.5 33.3 5.6 5.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.36

10. Colleges (2) year 10 5.2 29.9 44.8 9.7 10.4 18.7 14.6 56.1 10.6 0 61.3 13.1511. Foreign Languages 1 34.8 56.5 8.7 0 0 0 0 100 0 87.5 47

D.T.A.V.E1. Government Technical Institute 9 5.6 65.4 17.4 8.7 3.2 6.3 13.5 52.3 27.9 0 61.9 19.52. Technical High Schools 13 19.5 66.3 5.4 5.4 3.3 16.1 5.4 29.5 25.8 23.2 71.3 29.13. State Agriculture Institute 5 17.5 79.4 0 2.9 0 11.8 17.6 14.7 32.4 23.5 83.5 57.24. Agricultural High Schools 7 9.2 31.8 4.8 54.5 0 0 0 0 100 0 80.1 465. Commercial Schools 3 21.4 50 14.3 14.3 0 0 0 7.1 92.9 0 84.2 246. Handicraft Schools 7 46.6 40 0 6.7 6.7 0 33.3 0 66.7 0 65.8 45.87. Schools of Fishery 2 0 0 33.3 66.7 0 33.3 33.3 0 33.4 0 48.3 34.48. Repair & Maintenance Schools 2 66.6 16.7 0 0 16.7 0 0 0 100 0 87.5 29.19. Home SCience Schools 5 41.6 50 4.2 4.2 0 17.4 4.3 0 78.3 0 74.5 31.9

Teacher training1. Teacher Training Colleges 2 0 27.3 68.2 4.5 0 0 0 0 27.3 72.7 96.6 10.22. Teacher Training Schools 6 11.8 88.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 47.1 52.9 50 16.1

Other Training1. Co-operative Training School 1 0 36.4 0 36.4 27.2 100 0 0 0 0 17.5 73.3

(Sagaing)2. Myanmar Survey School 1 33.3 66.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 81.3 23.65

(Puin 00 Lwin)3. Hotel and Tourism Training 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 70 27

Centre (Kandawgyi Hotel)4. Forestry Training School 1 0 50 50 0 0 25 0 75 0 0 53.1 17.3

(PYIn 00 Lwin)5. No. (1) Industrial Training 1 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 40 55

Centre (Than Lyin) I6. School of Fine and Arts (Bahan 1 0 50 0 0 0 50 0 0 50 0 436

1

17.97. Saunder's Weaving Instit'Jte 1 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 Q 87.5 585.9

(Amarapura)

OUTPUT TABLE 6Percentage distribution and mean value per student of floor area for different

usages and mean value of floor area per studentSr. Institution Noof Percentage distribution of Mean value of floor area per

No. /Respon- floor area for different usages student for different usagesdents Class Lab & Library Admin Clrcu Class Lab & Library Admin Circu Total

room work latlOn room work latlon

shop shop

D.H.E1. Yangon Institute of Technology 1 18.5 40.8 0.23 29.8 14.1 12.8 20.8 0.8 66.4 40.7 148.6

2. Institute of Economics 1 71.5 0 4.2 4.3 20.1 15.7 0 2.1 2.2 6.2 26.2

3. Institute of Animal Husbandry 1 13 35.4 2.2 27.7 21.6 15.6 36 2.3 146.8 15.1 275.8and Veterinary Science

4. Institute of Medicine 1 6 15.1 1.3 49.4 28.7 28.7 37.1 7.6 83.9 74.2 226.5

5. Institute of Agriculture 1 21.5 22.1 2.7 35.2 19.2 26.7 27.6 5.1 218.7 103 380.1

6. Yangon Universities 3- 50.1 12.5 1.6 19.2 16.4 6.6 4.1 0.5 11 6.8 28.7

7. Mandalay Universities 1 49.3 0 1.2 81.7 17.8 9.2 0 0.3 7 4.5 21

8. Mawlamyine Universities 1 38 11.6 0.6 29.7 20.9 18 6.6 0.79 14.9 11.8 52.3

9. Degree Colleges (4) year 1 63.6 4.4 0.5 14.8 15.5 8.3 4.8 0.5 6.6 7.3 27.5

10. Colleges (2) year 10 38 11.6 0.6 29.7 20.9 18 6.6 0.79 14.9 11.8 52.3

11. Foreign Languages 1 64.3 0.1 4.3 20 10.8 16.3 1.7 3.4 11.7 11 44.1

D.T.A.V.E1. Government Technical Institute 9 33.8 31 3.1 9.7 22.6 30.2 37.9 3.4 38.1 88 147.2

2. Technical High Schools 13 22.3 41 4.3 16.9 14.6 67.2 62.6 3.9 3.2 36.3 173

3. State Agriculture Institute 5 38.4 15.2 1.8 19.5 25.1 .155.5 383 9.5 163.5 150.4 517.1

4. Agricultural High Schools 7 9.6 10.6 1.4 72.4 5.4 123.6 63.2 17.7 430.2 94.1 728.7

5. Commercial Schools 3 53 0 4.4 24.8 17.9 422.7 0 4.7 2.31.7 138 797

6. Handicraft Schools 7 19.1 45 0 14.4 21.5 28.9 137 0 25 28.1 219

7. Schools of Fishery 2 26.5 33.7 7.1 17.3 15.4 671.4 440 180 392.8 391.4 2075.7

8. Repair &Maintenance Schools 2 58.5 0 3.3 17.6 20.7 66.7 0 2.8 21 22 112.1

9. Home Science Schools 5 49.3 0 0.7 29.3 20.7 86.5 0 0.1 33.1 38 157

Teacher training1. Teacher Training Colleges 2 31.7 8.4 3.8 33.3 22.8 9.1 9.8 1.9 61 25.1 106

2. Teacher Training Schools 6 30.1 5.8 1.4 35.5 27 28 4 5.1 60 42 134

Other Training1. Co-operative Training School 1 - - - -

I- - - - - - -

(Sagaing)2. Myanmar Survey School 1 50.9 0 0 17.8 31.3 17.5 0 0 6.1 10.7 34.3

(Puin 00 Lwin)

3. Hotel and Tourism Training 1 - - - - - - - - - - -Centre (Kandawgyi Hot,e!)

4. Forestry Training School 1 13.5 3.5 1.5 29 52 23.4 5.7 3 28.2 41.4 101.7

(Pyin 00 Lwin)5. No. (1) Industrial Training 1 19.3 33.3 1.3 20.7 25.3 25.6 208.3 1.7 27.4 34.2 297.2

Centre (Than Lyin)6. School of Fine and Arts (Bahan 1 - - - - - - - - - - -7. Saunder's Weaving Institute 1 22.8 75 0 0 2.3 37.6 397.2 0 0 3.7 438.5

OUTPUT TABLE 7Space per student in the library, level of adequacy and condition of furniture,maintenance condition of the library and expenditure for books and journals

Sr. No of Total Reading Reading roo Stock Level of Condition Main- average

No. Institution Res- floor room capacity as room adequacy of furniture tenance expenditure

pon- space per space per percentage of space per furniture in the confltion for books,

dents student student total student student in the library of the journals

f---population library library (avg of 5 year

D.H.E1. Yangon Institute of Technology 1 0.87 0.51 0.03 0.13 2 2 2 58,080.02. Institute of Economics 1 1.68 0.57 0.03 0.80 4 3 4 36,375.03. Institute of Animal Husbandry 1 6.38 2.32 0.06 0.32 3 2 2 27,119.0

and Veterinary SCience4. Insli!ute of Medicine 1 6.00 1.67 0.08 0.30 2 2 2 60,000.05. Institute of Agriculture 1 8.49 1.33 0.13 0.10 3 2 2 124,777.46. Yangon Universities 3 0.37 0.08 0.01 0.04 3 2 3 22,993.87. Mandalay Universities 1 4.49 3.21 0.80 0.10 2 2 1 15,000.08. Mawlamyine Universities 1 0.76 0.17 0.02 0.30 2 2 2 88,000.09. Degree Colleges (4) year 1 0.55 0.22 0.02 0.30 2 2 2 16,360.0

10. Colleges (2) year 10 2.12 0.85 0.05 0.42 2 2 2.2 18,347.211. Foreign Languages 1 1.89 0.75 0.03 0.80 4 ~ 4 11,040.0

D.T.A.V.E1. Government Technical Institute 9 3.15 0.43 0.04 0.49 2 2 3 1,978.22. Technical High Schools 13 3.44 1.97 0.11 0.90 2 2 2.1 2,116.63. State Agriculture Institute 5 6.00 1.48 0.13 0.00 3 2.4 3 1,911.04. Agricultural High Schools 7 16.81 12.42 1.13 3.75 3 2 2 1,028.25. Commercial Schools 3 9.30 6.98 0.37 2.30 1 2 2 1,148.56. Handicraft Schools 7 9.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 2 2 568.97. Schools of Fishery 2 - - - - - - - 2,380.08. Repair & Maintenance Schools 2 5.50 0.90 0.30 0.20 2 2 2 808.59. Home SCience Schools 5 0.53 0.53 0.02 0.05 3 4 4 1,838.4

Teacher training1. Teacher Training Colleges 2 1.77 0.17 0.01 1.80 2 2 3 2,590.02 Teacher Training Schools 6 7.48 8.11 0.41 0.44 2 2 2 1,594.4

Other Training1. Co-operative Training School 1 - - - - - - - 1,000.0

(Sagaing)2. Myanmar Survey School 1 - - - - - - - -

(PUln 00 Lwin)3. Hotel and Tourism Training 1 0.90 0.70 0.03 0.30 2 2 2 5,480.6

Centre (Kandawgyi Hotel)4. Forestry Training School 1 2.97 1.98 0.13 0.99 2 2 2 5,226.0

(Pyin 00 Lwin)5. No. (1) Industrial Training 1 1.71 - - - 4 4 2 1,715.7

Centre (Than LYIn)6. School of Fine and Arts (Bahan 1 - - - - - - - 375.0.7. Saunder's Weaving Institute 1

(Amarapura)

OUTPUT TABLE 8Level of adequacy and condition of furniture, ventilation and natural light condition in classrooms

Sr. No of Percentage of classrooms with Percentage of classrooms with AverageNo. Institution Respo Level of adquacy of Conditions of Ventilation Natural light Level of Condi Vendi- Natural

ndents furniture furniture conditions condition adquacy tion of lalion lightFully Mostly Moder Poorly Good Fair Poor Good Fair Poor Good Fair Poor of furnl- condition condition

ately furniture ture

D.H.E1. Yangon Institute of Technology 1 0 70.7 26.8 2.4 70.7 29.3 0 4.9 56.1 39 9.8 53.7 36.5 3 3 2 22. Institute of Economics 1 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 4 2 2 23. Institute of Animal Husbandry 1 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 3 2 2 2

and Veterinary Science4. Institute of Medicine 1 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 3 2 2 25. Institute of Agriculture 1 20 80 0 0 0 100 0 100 100 0 0 100 0 3 2 2 26. Yangon Universities 3 1 73 26 0 22 78 0 60.6 39.4 0 59.6 40.4 0 3 2 3 37. Mandalay Universities 1 0 6.7 93.3 0 6.7 93.3 0 6.7 93.3 0 6.7 93.3 0 2 2 2 28. Mawlamyine Universities 1 2.1 4.3 85.1 8.5 2.1 93.6 4.3 39.1 50 10.9 39.1 43.5 17.4 2 2 2 29. Degree Colleges (4) year 1 80.6 2.2 17.2 0 74.6 25.4 0 75.4 24.6 0 66.4 29.9 3.7 4 3 3 310. Colleges (2) year 10 0

~I0 100 0 0 100 0 100 0 0 100 0 1 1 2 2

11. Foreign Languages 1 100 0 0 100 0 0 8.7 91.3 0 30.4 69.6 0 4 3 2 2

D.T.A.V.E1. Government Technical Institute 9 34.8 64 0.3 39.4 60.6 0 49.6 49.2 48.5 2.3 49.2 48.5 2.3 3 2 3 32. Technical High Schools 13 17.2 78.5 4.3 9.7 0 86 4.3 4.8 44.7 8.5 34 57.5 8.5 3 2 3 23. State Agriculture Institute 5 60.7 17.91 21.4 0 39.3 60.7 0 64.3 35.7 0 85.7 14.3 0 4 2 3 34. Agricultural High Schools 7 63.6 36.4 0 0 72.7 27.3 0 90.9 9.1 0 90.9 9.1 0 4 3 3 35. Commercial Schools 3 42.8 28.6 0 28.6 71.4 28.6 0 85.7 14.3 0 92.9 7.1 0 4 3 3 36. Handicraft Schools 7 0 66.7 0 • 33.3 16.7 40 33.3 60 40 0 60 40 0 3 2 3 37. Schools of Fishery 2 33.3 0 33.3 33.4 33.3 66.7 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 2 2 3 38. Repair & Maintenance Schools 2 100 0 0 0 16.7 23.3 0 0 100 0 0 83.3 16.7 4 2 2 29. Home Science Schools 5 0 100 0 0 30.4 69.6 0 21.7 72.3 0 3 78.3 8.7 3 2 2 2

Teacher training1. Teacher Training Colleges 2 27.3 72.7 0 0 27.3 72.7 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 3 2 2 22 Teacher Training Schools 6 0 70.6 29.4 0 41.2 58.8 0 41.2 58.8 0 41.2 58.8 0 3 2 2 2

OUTPUT TABLE 8 (Cont.)Level of adequacy and condition of furniture, ventilation and natural light condition in classrooms

Sr. Noof Percentage of classrooms with Percentage of classrooms with AverageNo. Institution Respon- level of adquacy of Conditions of Ventilation Natural light Leve/of Condi Vendi- Natural

furniture furniture conditions condition adquacy tlon of lation lightdents Fully Mostly Modera Poorly Good Fair Poor Good Fair Poor Good Fair Poor of furni- condition condition

-tely furniture tureOther training

1. Co-operative Training School 1 33.3 66.7 0 0 33.3 66.7 0 0 100 Q 16.7 83.3 0 3 2 2 2(Sagaing)

2. Myanmar Survey School 1 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 ·3 2 2 2(Puin 00 lwin)

3. Hotel arrd Tourism Training 1 0 100 0 0 0 1000 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 3 2 2 2Centre (Kandawgyi Hotel)

4. Forestry Training School 1 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 4 3 3 2(Pyin 00 lwin)

5. No. (1) Industrial Training 1 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 50 50 0 12.5 87.5 0 4 3 3 2Centre (Than lyin)

6 School of Fine and Arts(Bahan) 1 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 2 2 2 27. Saunder's Weaving Institute 1 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 1 2 2 2

(Amarapura)

OUTPUT TABLE 9Percentage adequacy and condiion of classroom equipment and teaching aids

Sr. No of Percentage adequacy and condition of aids and classroom equipmentNo. Institution Respon- Fan Over-head Amplifier Screen Slide TV& Film Casette Compute Air Basin Other

dents projector projector VTR proj- Type condi-ector Recorder tioner

D.H.E

1. Yangon Institute of Technology 1 29(P) 1.3(P) 0 0 1.3(P) 0 1.3(P) 0 1.1(P) 0 0 -2. Institute of Economics 1 27.5(F) - - - - - - - - - - -3. Institute of Animal Husbandry 1 86(F) 14.3(F) 20(P) 28.5(F) 35.7(P) - 7.1(P) 9.1(P) - 20(P) 96(F) -

and Veterinary Science

4. Institute of Medicine 1 100(F) 100(F) 100(F) 100(F) 100(F) 100(F) 100(F) 100(F) 100(F) 100(F) 100(F) -5. Institute of Agriculture 1 71.5(F) 15(P) 33.3(P) 10(F) 10(F) - 50(P) 20(F) - 60(F) 84(G) -6. Yangon Universities 3 26(F) - 28(F) - - - 16.6(F) 30.6(F) - - 73(F) -7. Mandalay Universities 1 1(G) - - - - - - - - - 8(F) -~. Mawlamyine Universities 1 43.1 (F) 11.8(P) - 5.8(P) 17.6(P) 7.1(P) - - 27.8(P) 15.4(F) 57.1 (F) -9. Degree Colleges (4) year 1 - - - - - - - - - - - -

10. Colleges (2) year 10 60.3(F) - 55(F) - 25(G) - 50(G) 35(F) - - 63.1(F) -11. Foreign Languages 1 50(G) - 100(G) 100(G) 100(F) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) -

D.T.A.V.E

1. Government Technical Institute 9 53.2(F) 27.1 (G) 47.8(F;) 100(F) 25(P) 83.3(G) 50(P) 127.5(G) 10(G) 33.3(G) 41.8(G) -2. Technical High Schools 13 44(F) 83.3(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) - 75(F) - - 95(F) -3. State Agricultur-e Institute 5 62.5(G) 50(F) - 50(F) 50(F) 50(G) 50(F) 50(G) - . - 80(G) -4. Agricultural High Schools 7 - - - 100(F) 100(P) 100(G) 100(P) 100(G) - - 100(G) 100(F)5. Commercial Schools 3 50(F) - - 50(G) 100(G) - - 100(F) 60(G) 100(F) 50(F) -6. Handicraft Schools 7 60.5(G) 83.3(G) 100(G) 100(F) - - - 16.6(F) - - 70(G) -7. Schools of Fishery 2 - - - - - - - - - - - -8. Repair & Maintenance Schools 2 50(G) 100(F) - - - - - - - - - -9. Home Science Schools 5 68.2(F) - - - - - - - - - - -

Teacher training

1. Teacher Training Colleges 2 34.2(F) 68.8(P) 91.7(F) 43.8(F) 63.5(F) 100(G) 37.5(P) 40(P) - - 16.7(F) -2. Teacher Training Schools 6 50(G) 60(F) 50(F) 48.8(F) 55(F) 52.1(F) 62.5(F) 83.3(F) 100(F) 100(F) 47.5(F) -

OUTPUT TABLE 9 (Cont.)Percentage adequacy and condiion of classroom equipment and teaching aids

Sr. NO.of Percentage adequacy and condition of aids and classroom equipmentNo. Institution Respo- Fan Over-head Amplifier Screen Slide TV& Film Casette Computer Air Basin Other

ndents projector projector VTR proj- Type condi-

ector Recorder tionerOther Training

1. Co-operative Training School 1 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 83.3(G) - 100(G) 100(G) -(Sagaing)

2. Myanmar Survey School 1 - - - - - - - - - - - -(Puin 00 Lwin)

3. Hotel and Tourism Training 1 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) -Centre (Kandawgyi Hotel)

4. Forestry Training School 1 - 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) - 100(G) -(Pyin 00 Lwin)

5. No. (1) Industrial Training 1 - 100(G) - 100(G) - 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) - 50(G) -Centre (Than Lyin)

6. School of Fine and Arts (Bahan 1 83.3(F) - - - - - - 100(G) - 33.3(F) -7. Saunder's Weaving Institute 1 20(F) - - - - - - - - 20(G) 30(F) ""

(Amarapura)

OUTPUT TABLE 10

Level of adquacy and condition of furniture, level of adequacy and condition of equipment, ventilation condition, andnatural light condition in various offices and meeting rooms

Sr. Noot Office of the admln depI. Off,ce ollhe Academic depl Assembly halls &meellng rooms Office of Ihe teaching slaffNo. Institution Respon Level of Level 01 Ventl- Natural Level of Level of Ventl- Natural Level of Level of Venli- Natural Level of Level of Venti- Natural

dents adequac adequacy latian light adequac adequacy lation light adequac adequacy lallon light adequacy adequacy lation lightof 1urOl- of equip & Condl- .candl- ot tuml- of equip & Condl- candi- of fumi- of eqUIp & CoM,- condl- 01 furni- 01 equip & Condi- condi-ture condition tion tlon ture and conditIon tion tlon ture and condition tion tion ture & condition tion tion

condition condition conditionD.H.E

1 Yangon Institute of Technology 1 2/F 2/F F F 3/F 2/F F F 2/F F F 2lF F F

2. Institute of Economics 1 3/F F F 3/F F F 3/F F F 3/F F F

3. Institute of Animal Husbandry 1 3/F F F 3/F 2lF F F 31F F F 3/F 2/F F F


4 Institute of Medicine 1 3/F F F 3/F F F 3/F F F 3/F F F5 Institute of Agriculture 1 3/13 3/13 F 13 3/13 13 13 3/13 3/13 13 136 Yangon Universities 3 3/F F F 2/F 2/F F F 3/F F F 3/F 21F F F7 Mandalay Universities 1 3/F F F 2/F 3/F F F 2/F F F 2lF 3/F F Fa Mawlamyine Universities 1 2/F F F 2/F I/F 13 13 3/F F F 3/F lIF F F9 Degree Colleges (4) year 1 2/F F F I/F 2lF lIF F F

10. Colleges (2) year 10 3/F F F 3/F 3/F F 13 3/F F F 3/F 2/F F F11 Foreign Languages 1 3/F F F 3/F F F 3/F - F F

D.T.A.V.E

1 Government Technical Institute 9 3/F 3/13 F F 3/F 3/F F 13 3/F 13 F 3/F 3/F G F2. Technical High Schools 13 3/F 13 13 31F 3/F F G 3/F G 13 3/F 2lF 13 133 State Agriculture Institute 5 3/F F 13 3/F 2/F F 13 3/F F 13 3/F 2/F F 134. Agncultural Hig~ Schools 7 31F 13 13 21F 3/F 13 13 31F 13 F 3/F 2/F 13 135 Commercial Schools 3 3/13 13 13 3/F 3/F 2lF 13 136. Handicraft Schools 7 3/F F F 3/F 2/F

7. Schools of Fishery 2 3/F F F 3/F - F F

a Repair & Maintenance Schools 2 4/13 F F F 3/F F F 21F - -9. Home SCIence Schools 5 3/F F F 3/F 3/F F F 2/F F F

Teacher training

1 Teacher Training Colleges 2 3/F 13 13 21F 3/F 13 13 21F 2113 13 G2 Teacher Training Schools 6 3/F 13 13 3/F W F F 2/F 13 13 2/F 2/F 13 G

OUTPUT TABLE 10 (Cont.)

Level of adquacy and condition of furniture, level of adequacy and condition of equipment, ventilation condition, andnatural light condition in various offices and meeting rooms

Sr No of Office of the adm," dept Oft,ce of the Academic dept. Assembly hall & meeting room Office of the teaching staff

No Institution Respon Level of Level of Ventl- Natural Level of Level of Ventl- Natural Level of Level of Venti- Natural Level of Level of Venti- Natural

dents adequac adequacy latian light adequac adequacy latlon light adequac adequacy latlon light adequacy adequacy lation light

of furnl- of equip & Condi- candi- of fuml- of equip & Cond,- condt- of turnl- of equip & Condl- condi- of fumi- of equip & Condi- condl-

ture conditIon tion tion ture condition tion tion ture condition tion tion ture condItion tion tionOther Training

1 Co-operative Training School 1 3/F 3/F F F 3/F 3/F F F(Sagalng)

2 Myanmar Survey School 1 3/F F F 3/F 2/F F F 2/F

(Puln 00 Lwin)

3 Hotel and Tourism Training 1

Centre (Kandawgyl Hotel)

4. Forestry Training School , 3/F F F 3/F 3/F F F 3/F F F 3/F 4/G F F

(Pyln 00 LWln)

5 No. (1) Industrial Training 1 3/F F F 4/G 3/F F F 3/F 4/G F F

Centre (Than LYIn)

6 SchOOl of Fine and Arts {Bahan 1 3/F F F 3/F

7 Saunder's Weaving Institute 1 2/F F F 3/F HP

(Amarapura)

OUTPUT TABLE 11Percentage of adequ?cy and condition of equipment in officers of the administration department,

in assembly halls and in meeting rooms

Sr No of Percentage adequacy & condition of equipment In administration office, assembly halls and meeting rooms

No. Institution Respon Type- Fan Copier Dupllca- Calula- Compu- Film Slide OVer Electric Refrid Telep- Au ITelex Fan Car Others

dents Writer tlon tor ter Projector Projector head Stencll- gerator hone Condl-

Projector cutter tion ID.H.E

1. Yangon Institute of Technology 1 73(f) 67(p) 0(-) 67(f) 63(f) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 33(f) 63(f) 20(p) 0(-) 0(-). 56(f)

2. Institute of Economics 1 100(f) 80(f) 0(-) 0(-) 89(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 50(G) 69(F) 80(G) 0(-) 0(-) 57(F)

3. Institute of Animal Husbandry 1 33(p) 50(F) 0(-) 90(P) 60(f) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 5(F) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 50(F)


4. Institute of Medicine 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5. Institute of Agriculture 1 100(G) 85.7(G) 0(-) 0(-) 90(G) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 100(G) 100(G) 33.3(P) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-)

6 Yangon Universities 3 76(F) 61(F) 0(-) 44(F) 62(F) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 82(P) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 20(P)

7. Mandalay Universities 1 100(G) 44(F) 0(-) 67(F) 20(F) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 16(G) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-)

8. Mawlamytne Universities 1 47.4(F) 72 3(F) 99(F) 10.2(F) 13(F) 0(-) 0(-) 7.7(P) 20(F) 0(-) O(F) 26.7(F) 6(F) 6(-) 0(-) 44(F)

9 Degree Colleges (4) year 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -10. Colleges (2) year 10 70(F) 48(F) 0(-) 60(F) 43(F) 6(F) 5(G) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 14(G) 56(G) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 64(F)

11 Foreign Languages 1 75(P) 60(G) 100(G) 60(F) 100(G) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 100(G) 0(-) 100(G) 60(G) 38(G) 0(-) 0(-) 100(G)

D.T.A.V.E

1 Government Technical Institute 9 76(F) 56(F) 0(-) 78(F) 60lF) 0(-) 6(P) 6(P) 25(G) 0(-) 80(F) 57(F) 29(F) 0(-) 0(-) 6O(F)

2. Technical High Schools 13 100(F) 90(F) 7(P) 87(F) 52(F) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 13(F) 76(F) 6(F) 0(-) 0(-) 77(F)

3 State Agriculture Institute 5 58(G) 76(Fl 0(-) 70(F) 36(G) 0(-) 0(-) 33(G) 0(-) 0(-) 40(G) 53(F) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 50(F)

4 Agncultural High Schools 7 100(F) 12(G) 0(-) 92(F) 71(G) 0(-) 50(P) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 40(G) 67(G) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 75(P)

5. Commercial Schools 3 92(G) 75(G) 0(-) 89(F) 85(F) 0(-) C(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 100(F) 0(-) OH 0(-) 33(F)

6. Handicraft Schools 7 94(G) 14(F) 0(-) 92(F) 75(G) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 33(F) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 17(F)

7. Schools of Fishery 2 83(G) 0(-) 0(-) 75(F) 37(G) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-)

8. Repair & Maintenance Schools 2 100(F) 55(F) 0(-) 100(F) 100(F) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 100(G) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 50(F)

9. Home SCience Schools 5 97(F) 50(G) 0(-) 100(F) 100(G) 20(F) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 37(G) 90(G) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 25(P)

Teacher training

1. Teacher Training Colleges 2 74(F) 92(G) 0(-) 70(F) 37(F) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 40(G) 50(-) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 83(P)

2 Teacher Training Schools 6 91(F) 74(F) 0(-) . 78(P) 49(F) 0(-) 0(-) 17(G) 17(G) '(-) 17(P) 60(F) 0(-) 0(-) 0(-) 33(F)

OUTPUT TABLE 11 (Cont.)Percentage of adequacy and condition of equipment in officers of the administration department,

in assembly halls and in meeting rooms

Sr. Noof Percentage adequacy & condItion of equipment in administration office, assembly halls and meeting rooms

No Institution Resoon Type- Fan Copier Dupllca- Cacula- Compu- Film Slide Over Electric Refrld- Telepho Air Telex Fan Car Others

dents Writer tlon tor ter Projector Projector head Stencll- gerator Condition

Projector cutter

Other Training

1. Co-operatIve Trammg School 1

(Sagalng)

2 Myanmar Survey School I 50(G)

(Pu," 00 Lwin)

3 Hotel and TOUrism Training I 100(-) 100(-) 100(-)


4 Forestry Training School I 100(F) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) lnO(G) - - - - -

(Pyln 00 LWIn)

5 No (I) Industrial Training 1 100(G) 67(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(G) 100(F) 100(G) 100(G)

Centre (Than Lyin)

6. School of Fine and Arts (Bahan 1 50(F) 33(F) 100(F) 100(F) 100(F) 100(F)

7 Saunder's Weaving Institute I 75(F) 33(F) 100(F) 50(G) 100(F) 50(G)

(Amarapura)

OUTPUT TABLE 12Time utilization and adequacy of space, furniture and equipment in the laboratories

Sr. Noof Percentage of time used In TUR Level of adequacy of Level of being

No. Institution Respon- Practical Resear- Solving Space Furniture Equaipment Suppertive to

dents training ches practical (avg) research and

(avg) (avg) problems solving partical

(avg) problems

O.H.E

1. Yangon Institute of Technology 1 655 18.4 16.1 25 27 2 2 3

2. Institute of Economics 1

3 InstItute of Animal Husbandry 1 627 182 19 1 36.8 3 2.5 3 3

and Veterinary SCience

4. Institute of Medicine 1

5. Institute of Agriculture 1

6 Yangon Universities 3 874 0 32 401 3.6 2.5 1 2

7 Mandalay Universities 1 100 0 0 575 1 7 1 6 3 2

8. Mawlamylne UniversitIes 1 647 24.6 107 482 2.3 2:2 2 2

9 Degree Colleges (4) year 1 62.1 19.3 18.7 71.4 2 1 2

10 Colleges (2) year 10 854 3.4 11.2 534 2.3 2.2 2 2

11. Foreign Languages 1 100 0 0 47.5 4 25 3 1

O.T.A.V.E

1 Government Technical Institute 9 89.9 08 9.3 225 21 2.6 2 2

2. Technical High Schools 13 56.2 21.2 22.7 275 26 22.2 2 2' ,3. State Agriculture InstItute 5 474 21.6 31 60.8 2.2 1.5 2 3

4 Agricultural High Schools 7 38.7 265 348 233 2.8 25 2 2

5. Commercial Schools 3

6 Handicraft Schools 7

7 Schools of Fishery 2

8 Repair & Maintenance Schools 2

9 Home SCience Schools 5

Teacher training

1 Teacher Training Colleges 2 33 36 31 20.8 25 1 8 2 2

2 Teacher Training Schools 6

Other Training

1. Co-operative Training School 1

(Sagalng)

2 Myanmar Survey. School 1

(PUIn 00 Lwin)

3. Hotel and Tourism Training 1

Centre (Kandawgyi Hotel)

4. Forestry Training School 1

(Pyin 00 LWln)

5 No. (1) Industrial Training 1 90 0 10 35.6 2.8 4 4 4

Centre (Than Lyin)

6. School of Fine and Arts (Bahan) 1

7 Saunder's Weaving Institute 1

I (Amarapura)

OUTPUT TABLE 13Time utilization and level of adequacy of space, furniture and equipment in workshops

Sr. No of Percentage of time used in TUR Level of adequacy of Level of being

No Institution ~espon- Practical Resear- Solving Space Furniture Equalpment Suppertive to

dents training ches practical (avg) research and

(avg) (avg) problems solving partlcal

(avg) problem

D.H.E

1. Yangon Institute of Technology 1 73.08 41 22.82 30 2 3 3 2

2 Institute of EconomiCS 1

3 Institute of Animal Husbandry 1 40 30 30 87.5 3 3 3 3


4. Institute of Medicine 15. Institute of Agriculture 1 66.67 16.67 16.67 36.67 3 3

6 Yangon UnlvE'rsltles 3

7. Mandalay UniVersities 18. Mawlamylne Universities 19 Degree Colleges (4) year 110 Colleges (2) year 1011 Foreign Languages 1

D.T.A.V.E

1 Government Technical Institute 9 82.97 1.29 1574 5037 2 3 3 3

2 Technical High Schools 13 89.44 0 1056 80.64 2 3 2 2

3 State Agriculture Institute 5 80 16.67 3.33 50 3 2 2 2

4 Agricultural High Schoois 7 100 0 0 5 3 2 2 3

5. Commercial Schools 36 Handicraft Schools 7 90 0 10 8039 3 3 3 2

7 Schools of Fishery 28 Repair & Maintenance Schools 29 Home SCience Schools 5 50 0 50 875 3 3 3 3

Teacher training

1 Teacher Training Colleges 2 54.21 3053 15.26 375 2 2 2 2

2 Teacher Training Schools 6 35 30 35 75 3 2 2 3

Other Training

1 Co-operative Training School 1(Sagalng)

2 Myanmar Survey School 1(PUIn 00 LWIn)

3 Hotel and Tourism Training 1 100 0 0 375Centre (Kandawgyl Hotel)

4 Forestry Training School 1(pYIn 00 LWIn)

5 No (1) Industrial Training 1 85 0 15 8331 2 4 4 4Centre (Than LYIn)

6 School of Fine and Arts (Bahan) 17 Saunder's Weaving Institute 1 100 0 0 875 4 1 2 2

(Amarapura)

OUTPUT TABLE 14Capacity space, level of adequacy and condition offurniture and utensils, and expenditure in hostels

Sr. No of Students admlled Hostelstudenlll Gross Iloor Room lIoor Admlnlstra- DIning and Social and Clfcula- level of adequacy Monthly

No InstitutIOn Acs- to hostels as a8 percentage area per area per lIVe floor kitchen recreation lion area and condition of broadlng

pon- percentage 01 no althe total hostel Rcstel area per floor area lloor area pe' Furniture KItchen and fee

dents 01 applicants no of student sludent student hostel per hostel per hostel hostel In the dining po<

(avg 01 5 years) (aq It) (aq f1) (sq It) student student student student hostel Utenlll18 In student

M F M+F (aq 11) (aq It) {sq III (sq H) the hostel

D.H.E

1 Yangon Institute of Technology 1 976 99 50 83 33 142 9 8 20 3(F) 3(F) 120

2 Institute of EconomIcs 1 892 81 43 324 178 105 20 4 173 3(1) 4(F) 302

3 Institute of Anomal Husbandry 1 100 100 994 142 76 25 7 6 27 3(F) 3(F) 300

and Vetennary SCience

4 Institute of MediCine 1 99 98.4 744 1784 8303 25 193 78 434 3(F) 4(F) 300

5 Institute of Agnculture 1 100 100 96 2334 814 372 284 6.6 85 2(F) 2(F) 120

6 Yangon Unoversitles 3 - - - - - - - ..- .;;..~-- - - -

7 Mandalay Unoversltles 1

8 Mawlamylne Unlversllies 1 49 37 264 F P

9. Degree Colleges (4) year 1 954 761 176 118.6 55 164 16 5 24.2 2(F) 2(F) 120

O. Colleges (2) year 10 86 94.3 201 95 564 6.2 38 12 316 3(F) 3(F) 135

1. Foreign Languages 1

D.T.A.V.E

1 Government Technocal Institute 9 76.8 913 432 1615 10765 233 228 12.7 52.74 3(F) 3(F) 108

2 Technical High Schools 13 866 55.7 122.7 641 13 18.4 15.43 248 3(F) 2(F) 230

3 State Agriculture Institute 5 977 93.6 817 246 115.5 193 22 17 67.a 3(F) 3(F) 151.2

4 Agncultural High Schools 7 100 - 812 411 183 241 507 15.4 102 3(F) 3(F) 212

5 Commercial Schools 3

6 Handicraft Schools 7

7 School of Fishery 2 100 100 276 187 61 58.3 3(F) 3(F) 220

8. Repair & Maintenance Schools 2

9 Home SCience Schools 5

Teacher training

1 Teacher Training Colleges 2 100 100 839 138 66 25 12.3 71 16.9 3(F) 3(F) 120 I2. Teacher Training Schools 6 100 100 77.8 140 874 19.8 271 5.65 16.01 2(F) 3(F) 220

Other Training

1 Co-operative Training School 1

(Sagalng)

2 Myanmar Survey School 1 100 585 81 534 4 2 22 2(F) 2(F)

(PUIn 00 LWIn)

3. Hotel and Touflsm Training 1


4 Forestry Training School 1 -(pYIn 00 LWIn)

5 No (1) Industnal Training 1 100 100 100 503 108 395 4(G) 4(G)

Centre (Than Lyin)

6 School of Fine and Arts (Bahan) 1

7 Saunder's Weaving Institute 1

(Amarapura)

OUTPUT TABLE 15Percentage of adequacy and condition of equipment in the library

Sr. Noof AIr Fan Over- SlIde Screen MIcro TV Tempera- Tele- Compu-

No Institution espon condl- head Projector him + lure and phone ler

dents tlon prOjector reader VTR humidity System

recorder

D.H.E

1. Yangon InslLtute of Technology 1 33.3(G) 93.3(G) 0 0 0 0 0 0 100(-) 02. Institute of Economics 1 583(-) 84(-) 100(P) 100(G) 03. Institute of Animal Husbandry 1 0 92.3(F) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

and Vetennary Science

4 Institute ot Medicine 1 100(-) 100(-) 100(-)5. Institute of Agriculture 1 0 100(G) 0 0 0 0 0 0 33.3(G)6 Yangon Universities 3 0 40(F) 0 0 0 0 0 0 100(F) 07 Mandalay Universities 1 33.3(F) 08. Mawlamyine Universities 1 0 71.4(G) 0 100(P) 0 0 0 0 0 09 Degree Col/eges (4) year 1

10 Colleges (2) year 10 0 48.3(G) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 011. Foreign Languages 1 0 50(g) 0 0

D.T.A.V.E

1. Government Technical Institute 9 0 70(G) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 Technical High Schools 13 10(F) 100(F) 0 0 0 0 10(F) 0 0 03. State Agricultural Institutes 5 0 667(F) 0 0 10(F) 0 10(F) 0 0 04. Agricultural High Schools 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 25(G) 05. Commercial Schools 3 0 12.5(G) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 06. Handicraft Schools 7

7. Schools ot Fishery 28. Repair & Maintenance Schools 29. Home Science Schools 5 0 50(G) 0 0 0 0 0 0 50(G) 0

Teacher training

1 Teacher Training Colleges 2 0 25(-) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02. Teacher Training Schools 6 0 667(F) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Other Training

1 Co-operative Training School

(Sagaing) 12 Myanmar Survey School

(Puin 00 Lwin) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 03. Hotel and Tourism Training

Centre (Kandawgyi Hotel) 1 100(-)4. Forestry Training School

(PYln 00 LWIn) 1 05 No. (1) Industrial Training

Centre (Than Lyln) 1 100(G) 100(G) If>O(G) 06. School of Fine and Arts (Bahan) 17 Saunder's Weaving Institute

(Amarapura) 1

OUTPUT TABLE 16

Degree of modernity and quantity of books and journals

Sr. Noof Percentage of books In the library Total No Total No No of different klnde

No. espon Pubbhed locally Published abroad of books 01 books of Journals receIVed

Institution dents Before 1961- 1971- 1981- Before 1961- 1971- 1981- Published Published (avt' of 5 years)

1960 1970 1980 1990 1960 1970 1960 1990 Iocal~ abroad Publl.hed Publlehed

locally abroad

O.H.E

1. Yangon Institute of Technology 1 4.9 55.4 23.6 18.1 34.9 45.6 11.7 7.8 5435 37250 2 514

2. Institute of Economics 1 14.81 18.52 29.63 37.04 521 23.48 1913 5.22 13500 57500 36 117

3. Institute of Animal Husbandry 1 2.15 18.96 37.92 90.97 14.0 0.38 15.99 32.1 1904 10632 52


4. Institute of Medicine 1

5. Institute of Agriculture 1 13.25 155 39.45 31.63 36.0 2939 20.11 12.99 6368 16168 13 88

6. Yangon Universities 3 2 3.1 14.4 80.5 149 9.9 67 68.5 4189.3 2713.3 16 2

7. Mandalay Universities 1 4.5 10.3 64.2 21.2 22.4 50 24.2 3.42 1799 2661

8. Mawlamyine Universities 1 247 15.2 13.7 36.4 35.2 18.84 17.57 7.96 48837 35665 23 10

9. Degree Colleges (4) year 1 34.4 30.51 8.24 26.85 441 20.94 25.3 9.6 6723 11282 24 2

10. Colleges (2) year 10 3.6 13.1 36.1 47.2 13.8 23.2 26.4 26.6

11. Foreign Languages 1 1.2 8.2 17.8 72.8 8.9 16.5 31.1 43.6 1930 22341 24 2

D.T.A.V.E

1. Government Technical Institute 9 2.9 86 59.5 29 15.4 16.1 42.6 25.9 3281.6 1530.1 13 14

2 Technical High Schools 13 25 14.5 32.5 55.5 131 19.2 16.6 41 1 1578.9 13855

3. State Agriculture Institute 5 8.2 6.9 37 47.9 26.3 12.7 43.1 17.9 17396 1183.2 6 3

4. Agricultural High Schools 7 93 191 52 19.5 27.2 12.6 20.7 39.5 1327.2 420.3 20 8

5. Commercial Schools 3 0 11.6 50.2 38.3 0 34.9 44.8 20.3 15673 2177

6. Handicraft Schools 7 0.5 11.6 19.4 686 8.3 11.1 5.6 68.8 290 78.8 23 0

7. Schools of Fishery 2 0.14 2.2 36.7 61 0 0 42.6 57.4 510 50 5 0

8. Repair & Maintenance Schools 2 0.5 16.6 32.1 50.8 16 14 70 0 183 21 25 9

9. Home Science Schools 5 0.04 0.4 11.7 875 1.6 4.5 50.2 43.7 1459.5 245 4 0

Teacher training

1. Teacher Training Colleges 2 30.1 28.3 21.8 19.8 39.1 418 10 9.1 6606 4980 6 4

2. Teacher Training Schools 6 19 9.1 9.9 62 19.6 8.7 19.7 52 31404 507 16 8

Other Training

1. Co-operative Training School 1 49 18 66.4 10.7 25.8 567 10.3 7.2 3048 97 4 1

(Sagalng)

2. Myanmar Survey School 1 6.8 40.7 11 415 1 43 42.4 52.3 113 1015 3 6

(Puin 00 LWIn)

3 Hotel and Tourism Training 1 20.6 284 15.5 35.5 79 34.6 29 285 1003 2980 2 2


4. Forestry Training School 1

(Pyin 00 LWIn)

5. No (1) Industrial Training 1

Centre (Than LYIn)

6. School of Fine and Arts (Bahan) 1

7. Saunder's Weaving Institute 1

(Amarapura)

OUTPUT TABLE 17Average Capital and recurrent expenditure

Sr. Noof Capital (Average) RecurrentNo. Institution Res- BUilding Furnl- Equlp- Road Total BUilding Furni- Equlp- Other Roa Total

pon- ture ment ture ment ElectricIty

dents water

D.H.E

1 Yangon Institute of Technology 1 340000 76740 125570 0 270310 790424 33808 67120 387134 12784762 Institute of Economics 1 0 67594 27575 0 89654 612000 20800 50000 50000 6428003. Institute of Animal Husbandry 1 2490920 77900 35200 0 2588440 250600 1248 20044 282658 554550

and Veterinary SCience

4. InstItute 01 MedIcine 1 2636620 632663 36848 0 2616711 108900 39194 1337.6 112298 1373815 Institute of Agriculture 1 6874000 97512 233363 0 7158102 611802 9984 290048 293058 12048926. Yangon UniverSllles 3 482876 13701 6310 74082 5484797 Mandalay Unlvprsllles 1 0 0 0 0 0 105500 0 2250 3000 1107508. Mawlamylne Universities 1 1853636 118004 30925 0 1983990 1011742 6130 36638 450014 15045249 Degree Colleges (4) year 1 765233 40110 132400 0 672135 1148774 0 4328 102220 1255322

10 Colleges (2) year 10 584620 30391 42754 73333 6010185 151732 11449 4422 27571 18550511 Foreign Languages 1 0 221275 14035 0 28930 524926 68506 16794 43632 653858

DT.A.V.E

1 Government Technical Institute 9- 604875 24053 0 137500 630921 69815 0 57876 11377 794852 Technical High Schools 13 54590 1845 81.5 2153.9 58578 317491 1674.3 425.6 5542 454503. State Agriculture Institute 5 636857.2 25521.1 0 295000 444777 66388 172 4494.7 4950 750954 Agricultural High Schools 7 65672 1758 0 30000 39452.2 63946 1686 1846.4 8774.3 73651.75. Commercial Schools 3 0 0 0 0 0 7133.3 38133 1026.3 1259 101686. Handicraft Schools 7 60352.4 4714 74162 0 59946.2 31622 72785 617.6 5981.1 35109.37. Schools 01 Fishery 2 81750 5895 0 0 87645 28200 0 0 688 287008. Repair & Maintenance Schools 2 27175 896 0 0 28071 17050 0 409 770 101799 Home Science Schools 5 96480 2227 0 0 98707 26640 1343 502 2140 29633

Teacher training

1 Teacher Training Colleges 2 0 21634 20550 5000 317713 189500 0 1387 7425 1969802 Teacher Training Schools 6 612361 18831 11698 3333.3 625037 72648 0 1631 2291 71397

Other Training1. Co-operative Training School 1

(Sagaing)

2. Myanmar Survey School 1 0 0 0 0 0 18333 0 0 0 18333(PUln 00 LWIn)

3. Hotel and TOUrism Training 1 0 0 0 0 0 2022 6604 4907 0 7354Centre (Kandawgyi Hotel)

4. Forestry Training School 1 0 0 0 0 0 324760 0 114458 71723 410941(Pym 00 Lwin)

5. No. (1) Industrial Training 1 6592 103 493 852 7699 325 10 10 229 574Centre (Than LYIn)

6. School of Fine and Arts (Bahan) 1 16540 2278 4350 1380 24548 9350 0 539 0 108897. Saunder's Weaving InstItute 1 4000000 9055 61450 9000 279505 50000 1500 5700 0 57200

(Amarapura)

LIST OF WORKING PAPER SERIES

1. Education Data Review and Analysis

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

Performance Indicators in Basic Educationby U Saw Win (Institute of Economics).

Performance Indicators in Higher Educationby U Thein Htay (DHE).

Performance Indicators in Technical, Agricultural and Vocational Educationby U Myat Naing (MERB) and U Nyunt Maung (DTAVE).

Quantitative Review of Education Staffby U Tun Hla and U Myint Thein (DBE).

Population Projections (1983-2013) by U Nyan Myint (Institute of Economics).

2. The Quality of Education

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

Teacher Quality by Daw 00 Khin Hla (Institute of Education).

Pedagogy by Oaw Nu Nu Win (Institute of Education).

Curriculum by U Myint Han (MERB).

Student Evaluation by Dr. Khin Saw Naing (Institute of Medicine 2).

Student Characteristics by U Maung Maung Myint (DBE).

3. Education and Employment

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

Manpower Demand and Employment Patterns in a Changing Economyby Dr. Thet Lwin (Institute of Economics),

A Tracer Study of Recent Graduates: Implications for Education and ManpowerPlanning by U Kyaw Kyaw (Department of Labour),

Linkages between Training Institutions and Employersby U Tun Aye (Ministry of No.1 Industry), Daw Myint Myint Vi (Institute ofEconomics) and U Van Naing (DBE).

Education and Work Performance (A Survey of Employers' Perceptions) by DawHla Myint (Institute of Economics). ,

Non-Formal Education in Myanmar by Daw Win Win Myint (Institute ofEconomics) and Daw Lai Lai Vu (MERB).

Labour Market Institutions in Myanmar by U Kyaw Kyaw (Department of Labour).

4. Costs and Financing of Educatior.

4.1

4.2

4.3

Management and Administration of the Education Budget by Dr. Khin Ohn Thant(Ministry of Planning and Finance).

Government Expenditure on Education by Oaw Soe Soe Aung (Institute ofEconomics) .

Non-Government Expenditure on Education by U Saw Gibson (Yangon University).

5. Education Infrastructure

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.4

The Construction Sector by U Tet Tun (Ministry of Construction), U Nyi Hla Nge(Yangon Institute of Technology), Oaw Naw Joy Loo (Institute of Medicine 1) andOaw Win Win Maw (Institute of Medicine 1).

A Comprehensive Survey of Education Facilities by U Sein Myint (OBE), U NyiHla Nge (Yangon Institute of Technology), Oaw Win Win Myint (Institute ofEconomics), Daw Naw Joy Loo (Institute of Medicine 1), U Saw Wynn (OBE) andOaw Win Win Maw (Institute of Medicine 1).

The Provision of Infrastructure by U Nyi Hla Nge (Yangon Institute ofTechnology), U Nyunt Hlaing (Ministry of No.1 Industry), U Tet Tun (Ministry ofConstruction) and U Sein Myint (OBE).

Norms and Standards for Education Facilities by U Nyi Hla Nge (Yangon Instituteof Technology), Oaw Win Win Maw (Institute of Medicine 1), and U Tet Tun(Mini;ltry of Construction).

6. Organization and Management of the Education System

6.1

6.2

6.3

Organization and Management of Basic Education by Daw Hla Kyu (DBE) and UMyint Thein (OBE).

The Cluster System for Primary Schools by U Myint Han (MERB).

Organization and Management of Universities and Colleges by U Saw Gibson(Yangon University) and U Thein Htay (DHE).

7. Special Studies

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

Economics and Business Education by Daw Cho Cho Thein (DBE).

The Teaching of Science and Technology by U Khin Maung Kyi (DBE).

The Teaching of English by Dr. Myo Myint (Yangon University).

Higher Education by U Myo Nyunt (Institute of Education)

a co ehe iv rvey of ca ·0 fac:illtie -...

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