a commonsenseapproach to real-world global sensing · wireless sensor networks, ... robust data...

A CommonSense Approach

to Real-world Global Sensing

Srdjan Krco

© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-142

Outline

� Scenarios of interest

� State-of-the-art

� Network of the future vision

� Network of the future requirements

� CommonSense approach

� FP7 SENSEI project overview


Objects

PAN/BAN

Online Building

Online Vehicles

Sensors, machines, objects...

Smart Places

Opera

PalaceParliament

Intuitive

interaction Intuitive and smart interaction

• Payments and ticketing

• Guidance and smart signs

• Stream redirections

• Keys

• People and gesture recognition

Objects and tags

• Ownership management

• Lost and found

• Item information

• Inventory and shopping list

Smart places

• Route/travel planning

• Building automation

• eGraffiti

• Open embedded services

• Surveillance

With ”Sensor Networking”, we generally consider:

Machine-to-Machine, Mobile-to-Machine, Vehicle-to-Vehicle,

Vehicle-to-Infrastructure, In-vehicle, Body Area Networks,

Wireless Sensor Networks, Proximity communication, Object tagging

With ”Sensor Networking”, we generally consider:

Machine-to-Machine, Mobile-to-Machine, Vehicle-to-Vehicle,

Vehicle-to-Infrastructure, In-vehicle, Body Area Networks,

Wireless Sensor Networks, Proximity communication, Object tagging

Traditional WSN and M2M


• Sensors do the actual sensing

• Data aggregated on the way to a sink

• Sink collects data and communicates with gateways

• Gatewaysprovide mapping between WSN domain protocols and wide area network protocols

• Typical applications

• Military, alarms, security, surveillance,…

• Environmental monitoring, forest fire detection, intelligent agriculture, air quality,…

• Smart buildings, smart spaces, asset tracking and management,…

• Health monitoring, industrial control and monitoring,…

A collection of small nodes


Built for specific application

� Autonomous installations deployed by one entity

� Built for a specific scenario and specific users in mind

� 1 to 1 relationship– Organizations deploy sensors to satisfy their own need for

information

� Users have prior knowledge – about the existence of the sensor network

– of the type of information a particular sensor network can provide

– the general coverage area of a sensor network

– Means for establishing communication links with sensors (protocol, gateway address, etc.)

� Single application at a time– No time and space sharing


M2M today...

� ”M2M” is already a well established market

– A number of solutions providers

– Telematics, health-care, metering, monitoring

� Currently enterprise applications

– drivers are cost reduction, efficiency, timeliness,

and safety

� Solutions-oriented with vertical implementations

– proprietary solutions

– re-invention of the wheel across solutions

– resulting in costly solutions holding back market

� Fragmentation

– wide-spread application domain

– dedicated and proprietary technologies

Network of the Future


Vision

� Sensors, actuators and efficiently networked nodes

deployed everywhere and interconnected– Mobile �� Static, Small �� Large WSN

– Deployed by individuals, companies, WSN operators

� Accessible and controllable through a global sensor

and actuator networking framework– Standardised interfaces for interaction with the physical

world

� “Open market“ for interaction with the physical world


Our focus

� Horizontal solutions– Applicable to and reusable across many different WSN

applications

� Integrate– WSN, actuators, M2M, RFID, NFC,...

� Create sensor mash-ups– Opportunistically– Using atomic sensor services avaialable at a given moment

� Leverage the existing network infrastructure and its services

Applications

Fixed/Mobile

NetworkHome Network

Sensor Network

RFID/NFC

Personal/Body Area Network

Potential scenarios


Envisaged scenario – 1



I wonder what are the

traffic conditions on

the route to the city

centre.

Common

framework

Perform a search to identify what

sensors are available on the route

from the user's location to her

destination that can give me an

answer about the traffic conditions.

Looking for car ID

sensors (number of

cars along the route)

and their speed and

information on any

accidents

Discovered

sensors based on

required type and

location

(commercial WSN

and community

WSN)

Send query about the

average speed to all

identified sensor gateways

Response from individual

sensors

Query the

network about

the traffic

Answer sent back

to the user, charge

applied

Analyse and

aggregate an

answer.

Guarantee privacy

and accuracy. Deal

with accounting.

Related work


Related work

� Urban Sensing and MetroSense– Sensing nodes not owned by a small number of central authorities, but by

citizens who carry sensors and contribute data voluntarily via their mobile devices

– Goal is to develop an architecture that will facilitate development of citizen-initiated sensing applications in personal, urban and social domains.

� SensorPlanet– Global research framework on mobile device-centric large scale WSN– Architecture to integrate sensor enhanced mobile phones and devices into

mobile networks and make them available to mobile applications.

� SenseWeb– Common platform and set of tools that will allow easy publication of data

from geographically distributed wireless sensor networks and making useful queries to the live data sources via a web service interface.

� Hourglass – Scalable, robust data collection system to support geographically diverse

sensor network applications– Creates an overlay infrastructure that provides service registration,

discovery, and routing of data streams from sensors to one or more client applications

CommonSense approach


Architecture approaches

� Client/Servera.k.a Two Tier architecture

– Very common architecture – Easy to deploy– Foundation of the Web and

much more

� Challenges to C/S– Management: How to

manage many WSNs?– Scalability: Every app has a

link to every WSN?– Security: Where to do AAA?– Service composition:

Mashups which require more computational power than a mobile phone / MID?

� Client/Servera.k.a Two Tier architecture

– Very common architecture – Easy to deploy– Foundation of the Web and

much more

� Challenges to C/S– Management: How to

manage many WSNs?– Scalability: Every app has a

link to every WSN?– Security: Where to do AAA?– Service composition:

Mashups which require more computational power than a mobile phone / MID?

� Middlewarea.k.a Three Tier architecture

– Also popular for distributed applications

– Provides interoperability support by design

– Adds extra complexity to the system

� Following advantages:– Management: central point

to manage WSNs– Scalability: Many-to-many

connections unnecessary– Security: central point

natural place to do AAA– Service composition:

Middleware infrastructure can be as powerful as necessary without mobility requirements


CommonSense approach

� Open sensor information market

� Reuse of sensors/machines in different applications

� Leveraging existing network solutions

Building Network

PAN/BAN

VehicularRFID/NFC

Open Space

Sensor Network

Fixed/Mobile Network

M2M Enablers

M2M Apps Enriched Apps

Gateways

Sensors, Actuators, WSNs RFID NFC


M2M and Sensor Networking Ecosystem

MyThings

Request

AnalyzerService

Registry

Gateway

LocationIMS

Gateway

PAN/BAN

RFID/NFC

Mobile Network

EnablersM2M Enablers

3rd party services

Object

Routing

AAA

App App App AppApp

Online Vehicles

Service

Control

Function

Maps

eLBS ...


Broker and processing functionality

� Narrow convergence waist between– Heterogeneous sensor networks below– Applications with diverse requirements on top

� Provides a set of enablers for all types of applications– Information exchange– Sensor network discovery– Data processing– Aggregation of atomic sensor network services (sensor mash-ups)– Common functions, like average over time and location

� Subsystems– Service Control Function

� Controls interaction with all external parties� Analyzes high level service requests from applications

– Request Analyzer� Decision engine decomposes requests from application to multiple

individual information requests, recomposes aggregated answer– Service Registry

� Database containing registration descriptions of attached WSNs� Available services, access policies and useful query attributes

such as geographical coverage or position

Common

Sense

Applications

Sensor and Actuator

Networks


Multi-Domain Issues

App

M2ME1

• M2M Service Enablers

(M2MSE) are distributed in

multiple domains:• Interfaces between M2MEs ?

• M2ME functionality ?

• M2ME network transparent to

the Application

• Roaming of users, Sensor

Actuator Network GatewaysGateway Gateway

Gateway

Gateway Gateway

Gateway

Provider 1

Provider 2

Gateway

M2ME2

M2ME3 M2ME4

M2ME5


CommonSense Requirements

� Global collaboration and sensing

� Scalability & heterogeneity

� Plug & play

� End user service delivery

� Multiple usages

� Security, privacy and trust

� Business models and incentives

� Enhancing existing services

� New traffic models


Global collaboration and sensing reqs

� Sensor information providers– Individuals, sensors embedded into everyday objects, companies using sensor information to support own business processes, commercial sensor network operators

� Multi-provider environment– Community of providers offering horizontal solutions

� Sensor mash-ups– Individual installations interact, communicate and exchange information

� Open information market – Sensor information shared

– Contributed to community and social services

– Sold to interested parties


Business models and incentive reqs

� Business solution has to facilitate numerous, small ad-

hoc financial transactions

� Incentives to sensor network owners needed to make

their networks available and accessible– Community and social networks

� Incentive: access to the community/social network

– Commercial application

� Incentive?

– Value of a WSN contribution variable

� Accuracy, location, number of other similar sensors

– Fair remuneration to each WSN involved in providing the

service


Technology requirements

� End-user side– Mobile Phone must be in the picture

� Information Provider� Information Gateway� Information Consumer

– Intuitive interaction is critical– Service delivery independent of User Equipment

� Communications infrastructure– Reuse mobile network infrastructure enablers where possible

� Location, AAA, IMS, etc.– New network procedures for handling large number of devices

� MSISDN, radio and core network, subscriptions handling, etc.– New traffic models

� System should be resilient to different traffic patterns

� Sensor information services– Harmonization of Information

� Sensor Information� Actuator Information

– Standardization of Information Semantics– Automatic Service Composition


Technology requirements cont’d

� Operations– Scalability & Heterogeneity

� Number and Type of Sensors Actuators large

– Plug & play� Dynamic system update when sensors appear/disappear

� Multi purpose sensor actuator networks– Avoid vertical silos, re-use sensor data for multiple applications

� Security, privacy and trust– Sensors produce both explicit and implicit information about users

sometime without their consent

– Actuators may harm users

� Enhancing existing services– Enhanced communication services

� e.g. Sensor information transmitted during a phone/video call


Service Consumer Service Subscriber

Service Provider3rd Party Service Provider

Access Provider

CommonFramework Service Provider

WSN Operator

WSN Provider

A revised business environment- a 10 000 metre perspective

Manages the

sensor network

Provides building block

services, such as location

and tag resolution

Provides

discovery, charging,

Authorization, data

processing and

message delivery

Provides the sensor network and its services


Modifying the Service Delivery Value Chain

WSN

Provider

Access

Provider

Common framework

System

Provider

3rd Party

Service

Provider

Application

Service

Provider

Service

Consumer

Service

Subscriber

Wanted value chain

Solution

Provider

Access

Provider

Service

Consumer and

Subscriber

Solution

Provider

Current value chain

CommonSense Demo


System implementationApplication

M2M System

- Servlet within a SIP container

- "wiring" between high and low

level APIs

- multiple GW handling

Mobile phoneLaptop

Laptop Mobile team appHQ

Web services

(Telos motes) (Telos motes)


Physical Layout

� Each person carries a location sensor (Telos) and an ECG sensor

� LocGW maintains the location of each injured or rescue field team person, (proximity localization system)

� Each mobile phone plays the role of the ECG GW

� Emergency personnel use mobile phones or laptops to get a view of the monitored area

LocGW

ECG

GWB1 B2

B3 B4

B13 B14

15 B16

B5 B6

B7 B8

B9 B10

B11 B12

M2M System

(Croatia)

Cellular

System

Injured

Rescue team

2 logical disjoint networks: (Q1,Q2 ), (Q3,Q4 )

Q1

Q2

Q3 Q4

SENSEI


Sensei

� Vision: Design and provide a managed environment for “real world

interaction” service providers and consumers


Scenarios

� Transport

� Smart City

� Building & Home (incl. AMI)

� Asset Management

� Security

� Entertainment

� Healthcare & Well-being


SENSEI challenges

� Future Internet integration

– Contribute to a scalable system architecture for the Future Internet

considering the special demands of sensor and actuator networks

� Design control and management mechanisms and protocols

– Cost efficient and ensured operation of the future networking and

service infrastructure

– Ensure trust, security and information privacy

– Accountability and billing for access to context information and

actuation services

– Easy convergence and interoperability of heterogeneous WS&AN

within the network of the future by providing PnP functionality


SENSEI challenges

� Sensor services and interfaces to applications

– Provide access to context information and actuation services

in a unified manner over standardized interfaces across domains

in a global and open market setting

– Design standardized service interfaces offering applications and

application developers access to different abstraction levels of

sensing and actuation service components

� WS&AN islands – sensing and actuation

– Design mechanisms and protocols able to deal with the

consequences caused by mobility of WS&AN solutions and

entities of interest

– Design highly energy and spectrum efficient mechanisms and

protocols to capture and actuate the context information

– Design mechanisms and protocols ensuring trust, security and

information privacy


SENSEI target outcomes

� A highly scalable architectural framework

– Easy plug and play integration of a large number of WS&AN

– Providing support for network and information management,

security, privacy and trust and accounting

� An open service interface

– Semantic specification to unify the access to context information

and actuation services offered by the system

� Efficient WS&AN island solutions

– Cross-optimized and energy aware protocol stacks including an

ultra low power multi-mode transceiver targeting 5nJ/bit

� Pan European test platform

– Large scale experimental evaluation of the SENSEI results and

execution of field trials


senZations’08

� Summer school on Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks and Wireless Sensing in Future Internet

� Ljubljana, Slovenia, 01-05 September

� Lecturers:– Zach Shelby (Sensinode Ltd.): IP based WSNs

– Martin Ouwerkerk (Philips Research): Unobtrusive sensing of emotions in daily life

– Konrad Wrona (NATO C3 agency): Security in WSN

– Antoine Fraboulet (INSA Lyon): WSN HW design and experiences from building a test bed

– Ivan Stojmenovic (University of Birmingham): Routing in WSN

– Antonio Ruzzelli (UCD): Collaborative WSNs Programming

– Stephan Haller (SAP Research): Internet of Things and Sensor Networks in Enterprise Environment

– Srdjan Krco (Ericsson Ireland Research Centre): Wireless sensing in the Future Internet

a commonsenseapproach to real-world global sensing · wireless sensor networks, ... robust data...

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