a comparative study of thermal and mechanical properties ...€¦ · médéa university - algeria...
TRANSCRIPT
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A comparative study of thermal and mechanical properties of two composites with mineral matrix
and vegetable fibres for use in the field of construction
by
Mohamed Bentchikou
Médéa University - AlgeriaLaboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena
Médéa UniversitY
1
Workshop « Review of Geopolymers 17 – 21st of October 2011
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Introduction (cont...)
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Why this combination of materials with different pr operties Why this combination of materials with different pr operties ??
CEMENT (MINERAL MATRIX ) and CELLULOSE FIBRES(Strength, High density and (Weakness, Lightweight and
High thermal conductivity) Low thermal conductivity)
Lightweight Compositewith
low conductivity and Acceptable strength Insulated material
Construction material
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What has been done in this work
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Raw Materials
• Cement : CEM I 42.5 N (Normo 4) SN EN 197-1 (European standards)
• Fibres : waste papers and packages
Selection by sievingFine separate (Ф<1.25mm)
Coarse agglomerates
(1.25<Ф< 5 mm)
Cement paste (0% fibre) with W/C = 0.36 : Reference
4
l = 1.2 l = 1.2 ÷÷ 1.7 mm1.7 mmФФ = 20 = 20 ÷÷ 4040 µµmm
• Crushed ceramic bricks : 0 ÷ 5mm
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Raw Materials (cont...)
Fibres
Kinetic of absorption water by fibres
5Mh: humid mass of fibres sampleMs : dry mass of fibres sample
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Cement paste (Reference 0 %)
W/C = 0.36
Composite with X % of fibres
W/C = f (% en fibres)
Necessary water
W/C versus fibres content
C
.%35%)0(Wfibres
m+=
Concentration (%) 0 4 8 10 16
W/CComposite 1 ( binary ) 0.36 0.4 0.52 0.56 0.68
Composite 2 ( ternary ) 0.51 0.59 - 0.83 0.99
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Results
Physical Characteristics of the compositesApparent Bulk density
7
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Bul
k de
nsity
(kg/
m3 )
Fibres Concentration (%)
Composite 1 - Binary
Composite 2 - Ternary
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Ref 2 Bentchikou M, Hanini S, Silhadi K, Guidoum A (2007) : Elaboration et étude d’un mortier composite à matrice minérale et fibres cellulosiques : application à l’isolation thermique en bâtiment. Can. J. Civ. Eng. 34: 37- 45.
Ref 3 and 4 Khedari J, Suttisonk B, Pratinthong N and Hirunlabh J (2001): Newlightweight composite construction materials with low thermal conductivity, Cement & Concrete Composites. 23, 65-70.
Apparent Bulk density (Cont…)
Physical Characteristics of materials
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Specific Heat / volumetric heat transfer coefficien t
Fiber content (%) 0 4 10 16
composite 1(Binary)
Specific Heat (J/kg. °C) 990 1030 1080 1130
volumetric heat transfer coefficient (J/m3. °C) 1.9305 1.7716 1.4796 1.1639
composite 2(Ternary)
Specific Heat (J/kg. °C) 910 990 1020 1041
volumetric heat transfer coefficient (J/m3. °C) 1.778 1.679 1.475 1.310
• Trend• For the Ternary , this increase is little be more slowly than for the Binary•Specific heat, compared with volumetric heat transfer coefficient) :
opposite tendency is observed
Ternary composite store more energy than the Binary one
Physical Characteristics of materials (cont...)
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10
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Tem
pératu
re (
°C
)
Time (min)
T1/6 °C
T1/2 °C
T2/3 °C
Even Period Odd Period
2
24PLS
BRCπ
ρλ+
=
λλ2
2/
2 2cosh
4
−==L
BA
T
TTar
L
SBh
P
L
L/3
L/2
L/6
A BSample
Acquisition centre(Data logger)
Alimentation and regulation unit
Design of device for Design of device for experimentalexperimental tests of thermal conductivitytests of thermal conductivity
………………..
Physical Characteristics of materials (cont...)
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Physical Characteristics of materials (cont...)
Apparent thermal conductivity
11
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
0 5 10 15 20
Fibres concentration (%)
The
rmal
Con
duct
ivity
(W
/m°C
)
Composite 2 - Ternary
Composite 1 - Binary
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Flexural Strength
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Mechanical Characteristics of materials (cont...)
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Compressive Strength
13
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 5 10 15 20
Com
pre
ssiv
e s
trength
(M
Pa)
Fibres Content (%)
Composite 1
Composite 2
Mechanical Characteristics of materials (cont...)
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Effect of W/C
W/C= 0.64
500µµµµm
W/C= 0.56
500µµµµm
Effect of W/C on the dispersion of fibres in the matrix.
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Mechanical Characteristics of materials (cont...)
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Effet of W/C (cont…)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Com
pre
ssiv
e s
trength
(M
pa)
W/C
res compre 1J
res compre 7J
res compre 28J
Concentration (%) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
W/C optimum 0.23 0.32 0.41 0.49 0.57 0.66 0.75 0.83 0.92
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Mechanical Characteristics of materials (cont...)
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105 days Curring humide medium
200 µm
Cement paste (0%) Composite with 8% of fibres
200 µm
Composite with 16% of fibres 200 µm
Results (Cont....)
Microstructure changes with fibres content
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Hydration rate of cement
hydration rate of cement versus fibres concentration for curing at 20°C and 100% HR (saturated medium)
50
60
70
80
0 2 4 6 8 10
Hyd
rata
tion
rate
(%)
Fibres content (%)
17
30
40
50
60
70
0 2 4 6 8 10H
ydra
tatio
n ra
te (%
)Fibres content (%)
hydration rate of cement versus fibres concentration for curing at 20°C and 50% HR (dry medium)
( ) ( )c
ac
F
FFTH
−=
100%
Results (Cont....)
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Porosity (by SEM):Porosity (by SEM):
Porosity (by MIP):Porosity (by MIP):
Microstructure (Cont…)
Results (Cont....)
Durability Aspects
Carbonation Carbonation
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Co
mp
ress
ive
Str
eng
th (M
pa)
Fibres Content (%)
carbonated
Not carbonated
Gain >50%
Gain >45%
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�Incorporation of fibres in mineral matrix decrease thermal conductivity.
�Incorporation of fibres in mineral matrix decrease compressive strength but for 16%, the composite is still in the acceptable range for hollow non-load bearing concrete (ASTMC 109/C 109 M-98) .
�The tertiary composite has less strength than the binary for low concentration of fibres but for high fibre content there is no big difference
Conclusion
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�At 16%, the tertiary is less efficient than the binary from insulation efficiency point of view but its capacity of storing Energy is better than that of the binary.
�the carbonation induce amelioration of mechanical strength (50% gain)
Conclusion (cont...)
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Projects in progress
- Incorporation of more fibres in the matrix
- Evaluation of thermal conductivity of the composite at ≠ saturation degree
- Composites DURABILITY to wet - Dry cycling
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Projects in future
- Using admixtures to improve strength and finding applications in structure uses,
- Conceive industrial mean for manufacturing the product,
- Application of coating or film for outside applications
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Thank You
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