a comprehensive framework for building multilingual domain ontologies

FAO of the UN

Library and Documentation

Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 03

A Comprehensive Framework for Building Multilingual Domain Ontologies:

Creating an ontology on Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health

(OFsAPH)

Boris Lauser

Nordic AOS Workshop: Copenhagen 28th February 2003

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

Agenda• Introduction:

– Why: The Biosecurity Portal Project– How: The modeling approach

• Framework for ontology creation• Application of framework:

– Creation of the Food Safety Ontology • Outlook:

– Application scenario

• Discussion

Introduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

The IP-FsAPH International Portal on Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health

• access point for official national and international information on biosecurity

• interdisciplinary approach

• integrated access to information in the 3 areas

• global public access

• controlled access to nationally nominated users

Currently available on: http://193.43.36.96/servlet/CDSServlet

Introduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

The IP-FsAPH International Portal on Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health

Introduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion

• Provides access to large amounts of data, coming from various resources from all over the world

• Need to make this data available and searchable through the portal

• Realization by exposing metadata

• Need for controlled, commonly agreed on subject vocabulary

• Integration of an ontology to provide the necessary controlled vocabulary and semantics which can be explored for enhanced information retrieval

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

Introduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion

KAON The Karlsruhe Ontology and Semantic Web Tool Suite

KAON is an open-source ontology management infrastructure

Major Components:

• OIModeler: tool for ontology creation and evolution• KAON Portal: a web based portal for browsing KAON ontologies• KAON API: a programming API to access the ontology

independently from any storing mechanism• Engineering Server:

ontology storage mechanism based on relationaldatabases to provide concurrent access and scalability

• Text-To-Onto: Semiautomatic ontology creation using text miningtechniques

Freely available on: http://kaon.semanticweb.org

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

Introduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion

The Generic RDFS model:

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

The KAON modeling approachIntroduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion

The KAON lexical model extension:

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

Introduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion




– Creation of the Food Safety Ontology

• Outlook:– Application scenario

• Discussion

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

The framework

A comprehensive frameworkfor building a domain ontology

Focus:Concept acquisition and developmentof the lifecycle of ontology creation

Introduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

The framework: 5 phases

• Resource selection• Semiautomatic ontology concept

acquisition– Creation of a core ontology from scratch– Reuse of existing vocabularies

• Merging of ontologies• Extension and refinement• Evaluation

Introduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

Coreontology

Manualcreation

FocusedWeb crawling

List of domainstart web

pages

List offrequent

terms

List of domainSpecific

documents

Term BT t1 NT t2 RT t3Term USE t3…

Thesaurus

RDFS ontologymodel

convert Ontology pruning and learning

algorithm

Domaincorpus

Genericcorpus

Prunedontology

List of critical

concepts

Semi-automaticOntology

Acquisition

Mergingof

ontologies

Refinementand

Extension

Evaluation

Selectionof resources

Manual creationof core ontology

1st acquisitionapproach

2nd acquisitionapproach

Text To Onto

The Framework: overview

Introduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

Introduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion




– Creation of the Biosecurity Ontology


• Discussion

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003


Acquisition

Mergingof

ontologies

Refinementand

Extension

Evaluation


Manual creationof core ontology

Application of the framework:1st iteration

Introduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion

1st iteration

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

Phase 1: Selection of Resources/ Manual creation of core ontology

67 concepts91 relationships

Information Resources:•Brainstorming•Codex Alimentarius•SPS Agreement

Core Ontology

Ontology Editor(OIModeler)

3 subject specialists

Introduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion

1st iteration

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

Phase 2: 1st Acquisition Approach:

Focused Crawling

Focused Web Crawling


Core Ontology

List of extracted main sites:http://www.foodsafety.gov/ Gateway to Government Food Safety Information

http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/ Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition

http://www.inspection.gc.ca/ Canadian Food Inspection Agency

http://www.extension.iastate.edu/foodsafety/ Iowa State University - Food Safety Project

http://www.foodsafety.iastate.edu Iowa State University - Food Safety Consortium

http://www.fsis.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service

http://www.nal.usda.gov/foodborne/index.html Foodborne Ilness Education Information Center

http://www.euro.who.int/foodsafety World Health Organization – Regional Office for Europe Food Safety Programme

List of 257 food Safety domainweb pages

Grouping into Main sites

Introduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion

1st iteration

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

Phase 2: 2nd Acquisition Approach:

Thesaurus Pruning

Food SafetyDocuments

GenericDocuments

Rice BT … NT … RT … RT … RT … …

AGROVOC27365 keywords

Automatic Pruning

Extracted ontological structure:# of concepts: 504taxonomic depth: 5

5 evaluation runs

1632 frequent terms

Introduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion

1st iteration

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

Phase 3/4: Merging of Ontologies, Refinement

1632 Terms from pruning process 12 new concepts

extracted

Ontologicalstructureextracted from AGROVOC

23 new conceptsWith hierarchicalrelationships extracted


Core Ontology

Assemblystep

92 new relationshipscreated

Biosecurity OntologyPrototype


Introduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion

1st iteration

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

• Open to users and subject specialists for evaluation

• http://localhost:8080/faoportal/dispatcher

Introduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion

1st iteration

Biosecurity Ontology Browser Modified version of the KAON Portal

Phase 5: Evaluation

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003


Acquisition

Mergingof

ontologies

Refinementand

Extension

Evaluation


Application of the framework:2nd iteration

Introduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion

2nd iteration

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

Phase 1/2/3 : Resource selection, acquisition, merging

Biosecurity OntologyPrototype


Text To Onto ~100 domain

Specificdocuments

AGROVOC

Revised OntologyPruner

List offrequent

terms

Pruned Agrovoc: ~3000 concepts

Ontology Editor(OIModeler)

Merging &Refinement

1st acquisitionapproach

2nd acquisitionapproach

2nd iterationIntroduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

Phase 4 : Extension and Refinement

BiosecurityOntology

Core

2nd iterationIntroduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

DiscussionGeographic Area

Ontology

Generic PropertiesOntology

Ontology on Food Safety,

Animal and Plant Health

• 3761 concepts• 16 unique relationships

IPPC glossary

• creation of a modular design for reusability

Further Codex Alimentarius

Classifications

OIE classifications

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

AgendaIntroduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion

• Introduction:– Why: The Biosecurity Portal Project– How: The modeling approach




• Discussion

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

Application scenario: 2 use cases

Use Case 1: Indexing the subject of a document

Use Case 2: Searching information on the portal

Risk;…Subject

Title

…

…

OFsAPH

Risk;…Search…

…

Indexer

Searcher

Introduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

Search:

Risk assessment

Biosecurity Portal:

…

…

OntologyEnabled Search

Application

Display

Ontology Metadata + Doc base

Introduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

DiscussionSearch Results

+Ontology SemanticsKAON API

Simple query

Ontologysemantics Enhanced

query

Found results

Use Case 2: Ontology based search extension

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

Introduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion

FAO of the UN


Systems Division

Nordic AOS Workshop

Copenhagen

February 2003

AgendaIntroduction

Framework

Application

Outlook

Discussion

• Introduction:– Why: The Biosecurity Portal Project– How: The modeling approach




• Discussion

a comprehensive framework for building multilingual domain ontologies

Education

biosecurity ontology

food safety ontology

karlsruhe ontology

comprehensive framework

ontology onfood safety

modeling approach framework

domain ontology focus

ontology storage mechanism