a comprehensive survey of the attorney-client privilege and work product doctrin

8/13/2019 A Comprehensive Survey of the Attorney-client Privilege and Work Product Doctrin

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{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf17 \f0 \li0 \qr \b0{\b0 \i0 \ul0 \fs20 \f0 \chpgn }}\i0 \ri0 \fs20 \ul0 \cf17 \strike0 \f0 \li0 \qr \b0 \intbl \cell \row }}\par }{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \par}\sect\sbknone\pgncont\cols1{ \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_document_1}{\*\bkmkend co_document_1}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart I1a577cb1097f11dc915dcad7ab161d0e_Target}{\*\bkmkend I1a577cb1097f11dc915dcad7ab161d0e_Target}\par}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f3 \li0 \qc \b0{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f3 \b0 \sb0C837 ALI-ABA 59

\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b0{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200American Law Institute - American Bar Association Continuing Legal Education\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b0{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0ALI-ABA Course of Study\par

}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b0{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0May 20, 1993\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b0{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0


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Civil Practice and Litigation Techniques in the Federal Courts\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b0{\i0 \fs20 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_pp_sp_100059_59_1}{\*\bkmkend co_pp_sp_100059_59_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0*59}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0A COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY OF THE}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0ATTORNEY}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

-}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0CLIENT}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0PRIVILEGE}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200AND WORK PRODUCT DOCTRINE\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b0{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?fin

dType=h&pubNum=176284&cite=0116863401&originatingDoc=I1a577cb1097f11dc915dcad7ab161d0e&refType=RQ&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Alvin K. Hellerstein}}}\par}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b0{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0


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Stroock & Stroock & Lavan\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b0{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0New York, New York\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b0{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200Copyright (c) 1990 (Rev. 1991, 1993), Alvin K. Hellerstein.\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0I would like to express my sincere thanks to Andrew W. Schwartz for his help with the 1993 revisions and to Tania B. Isenstein and Amanda F. Schechter for theirhelp with the 1992 revisions.\par}}

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}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200and Work Product Doctrine\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b0{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200TABLE OF CONTENTS\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0I. The}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privileges}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0

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}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0-}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Client}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0

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}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Defined\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0B. Purpose and Origin\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0C. Work product Doctrine: Definition, History and Scope\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0D. Statements of Attorney Attributable to Client as an Admission\par}}

{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0E. Expansions, Contractions and Policies\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0F. Commencement of Counsel\rquote s Function\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj

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}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0J. Prohibition Against Evasion of}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Attorney}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0-}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Client}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Relationship

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}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb03. Underlying Facts and Supreme Court Relief\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb04. But No \u8220\'3fBlackletter\u8221\'3f Test\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0B. Former Employees and Non-Employee Insiders\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb01. Former Employees\par}

}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb02. Lawyers\rquote Ex Parte Contacts with Employees of a Party\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li360 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(a) Present Employees\par}}

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}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0C. Upjohn and Work product\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0D. Officers\rquote and Employees\rquote Rights to}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb01. General Rule\par

}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb02. Work Product Application\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb03. Implications of Special Counsel\par}

}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb04. Dean Sexton\rquote s Critique\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0III. Exceptions to the}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0

Privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200- \u8220\'3fFor the Purpose of Committing a Crime or Fraud\u8221\'3f\par}}


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{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0A. General Policy of the Exception\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0B. Lawyer\rquote s Innocence Not Relevant\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0C. Burden on Movant; Whether Evidence Independent of Allegedly}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privileged}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

Material Must First Be Considered\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb01. In General\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb02. The \u8220\'3fPrima Facie\u8221\'3f Standard

\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb03. Other Formulations of the Standard\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb04. Communications Must Facilitate Crime or Fraud\par

}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0D. Distinguishing Past from Ongoing Fraud\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0


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E. Ongoing Fraud and Work product\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0F. Counsel\rquote s Wrong\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0G. Counsel\rquote s Ethical and Professional Obligation\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb01. SEC\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

2. Savings & Loans\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb03. Conclusion\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0H. Political

}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Criminal}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Exposures -- Environmental and Tax Implications\par}}

{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0I. Corporate Counsel\rquote s Duty Under the Model Rules of Professional Conductto Disclose Information Imparted by Corporate Intermediaries in Confidence\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb01. Discussion


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\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb02. Suing a Former Attorney in the Context of Litigation Against the Client\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0J. Counsel\rquote s Ethical and Professional Obligation to Tribunals and Third Parties\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0K. Counsel\rquote s Ethical and Professional Improprieties Not Basis of Claim\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

L. Exception for Abuse of}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

1. Identity of Potential}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Criminal}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Defendant\par}

}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb02. Custody\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb03. Whereabouts of Client


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\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb04. Bail-Jumping\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0M. Client\rquote s Insistence on Perjury\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb01. Conflicts with ABA Ethics Opinions\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb02. ABA Model Rule

\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb03. Sixth Amendment Concerns\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0N. Further With Regard to Relations Between Court and Counsel\par

}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0O. Counsel\rquote s Scope in Preparing Witnesses\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0IV. Exceptions to the}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200- Where the Client Owes a Fiduciary Obligation with Reference to the Advice\par}


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}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0V. Exceptions to the}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200-- Clearing Name\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0A. Right to Divulge Confidential Information\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0B. Right Does Not Extend to Suing for a Class or for Gain\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0C. Third-Party Subpoenas\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

VI. Inapplicability of the}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200- Fees, Non-Legal Advice; Extra-Legal Employments\par}

}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0A. Fee Arrangements and Miscellaneous Aspects of the}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Attorney}}


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{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0-}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Client}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Relationship\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb01.}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privilege

}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0May Exist Where Circumstance are Exceptional\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb02. Client\rquote s Demeanor Not}

{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privileged}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb03. Policy Forbidding Prosecutor to Co-Opt Investigative Work of Defense Counsel\par

}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb04. Testimony of Counsel\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0


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B. Subpoenas to Counsel and Changing Policies and Statutes Regarding Forfeitures\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb01. The Second Circuit\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb02. The First Circuit\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb03. Fee Source Inquiries\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

4. IRS Subpoenas Regarding Cash Payments\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb05. United States v. Gotti\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb06. Forfeitures and Implications with Regard to Fees and Sixth Amendment Right to

Counsel\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb07. Lawyers as Informants\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0VII. Inapplicability of the

}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0-- Facts Learned by an Attorney from Sources Other than the Client; Efforts to


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Establish Analogous}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb200Privileges}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0A. Counsel\rquote s Advice May Not Be}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privileged}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0if Factual Communications of Client Are Not Implicated

\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0B. Absent Work Product}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0

}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0, Facts Learned by Counsel from Independent Services or His Own Research Are Not}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privileged}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

.\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb01. Information from Third Parties\par}}


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{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb02. Federal vs. State Law\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb03. Work Product\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0C. Advocacy for Self-Evaluative}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0\par}

}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0D. No}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

for Auditors\rquote Reserves for Contingent Liabilities\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0VIII. Inapplicability of the}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privilege}}

{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200- Considerations of Fairness\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0A. Pleading Reliance on Advice of Counsel


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\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb01. Habeas Corpus\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb02. Patents\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb03. Using the}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privilege}}

{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0as a Sword and a Shield\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb04. Duress\par}}

{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb05. Statute of Limitations\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb06. Denial of Plaintiff\rquote s Allegations\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb07.}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privileged}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}


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{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Review of Waived Communication\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0B. Selected Invocations of}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0C.}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=L&pubNum=1004365&cite=USFRER612&originatingDoc=I1a577cb1097f11dc915dcad7ab

161d0e&refType=LQ&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0FRE 612}}}\par}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0D. Settlement Conversations\par}}

{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0E. Work Product and Recorded Testimony\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb01. Visual Work Product of Injured Plaintiffs\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb02. Work Product and Audio Tapes of Testimony\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0IX. Loss of the}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1


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{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200- Waiver\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0A. Confidentiality Essential to}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0\par}}

{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0B. Deliberate Waivers\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb01. Knowing and Intentional\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb02. Confidential Communications Incident to a Document that is to be Disclosed toOthers\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb03. Disclosure in Response to Subpoenas\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li360 \b0 \qj

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(a) Disclosure to Government Agencies\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li360 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(b) Producing Documents Protected From Discovery by the Work Product Doctrine toGovernment Agencies\par


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}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li360 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(c) Third Circuit\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li360 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(d) SEC Recommendations\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb04. Disclosures to Gain Advantage, in Litigation or Otherwise\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li360 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(a) Selective Disclosures\par

}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li360 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(b) Admissions Binding Clients\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb05. Waivers by Trustees and Receivers\par}

}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb06. Reports by Special Counsel\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb07. Presumptive Loss of}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0

Privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0if Affected Papers are in Corporate Files\par}}


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{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb08. Implications of Use of Experts to Evaluate Information or to Assist Counsel\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb09. Criticism\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb010. Additional Instances of Employment Experts\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb011. Failure to Claim}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0

Privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0in Accordance with Required Procedures\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb012. Intention to Waive at Trial, and Implications for Depositions

\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb013. Waiver is Irreversible\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb014. Corporate Work Product and the Aggregation of Case Reserves\par

}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb015. Corporate Analysis and}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privilege}


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}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0for Underlying Facts\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0C. Inadvertent and Unavoidable Breaches of Confidentiality\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb01. General\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb02. Inadvertent Production of}

{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privileged}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Documents\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li360 \b0 \qj

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(a)}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Attorney}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0-}

{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Client}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li360 \b0 \qj


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{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(b) Work product\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb03. Agreements Between Parties\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb04. Form of Such Agreement\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0D. Right of Counsel to Waive Where Client Disabled or Dead\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj

{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200X. \u8220\'3fCommon Interest\u8221\'3f Exceptions to Waiver\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0A. Common Interest and Work Product\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

B. Mergers\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0C. Sharing Investigative Information\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0D. Insurance

\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0E. Inter-Defendant Communications\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj


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{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0F. Sixth Amendment\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0XI. Issues of Work Product}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb200Privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0A. Overcoming the Work Product}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0

Privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0B. Loss of Work Product}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0

Privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Developed in a Prior Case\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0XII. Procedure to Resolve Contested Claims of

}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb200Privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0\par}}


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{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0A. In Camera Inspections\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0B. Abstracts\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0C. Pre-Adjudication Review By Opposing Counsel\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0D. Documents Containing}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0

Privileged}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0and Non-}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privileged}}

{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Material\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0E. Crime or Fraud Exception\par}}

{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0F. Appeal Procedures\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0G. Mandamus\par


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}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200XIII. Inferences Arguable to Jury\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200XIV. Ability of Counsel to Represent More than One Defendant and Defense Strategies in Multiple Defendant Cases\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0A. Professional Codes\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0B. Joint Defense

}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0C. Joint Defense Agreements

\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb01. The Right to Counsel of One\rquote s Choice\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li360 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(a) Wheat v. United States\par

}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li360 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(b) Court of Appeals\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li360 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0


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(c) Habeas Corpus\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb02. Second Circuit\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb03. New York State\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0D. Fifth Amendment Plea on Suggestion of Another Client\rquote s Counsel\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

E. Conflicts in a Corporate Setting: Simultaneous and Successive Representationof a Company and its Personnel\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0F. Conflicts in a Corporate Setting: Representation Against a Former Client\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

G. Agency Sequestration Rules and Multiple Representation\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0H. Disqualification Not Subject to Interlocutory Appeal\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0I. Conflicts in Representation of Insureds

\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0J. Conflicts in Derivative and Class Actions\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj


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{\i0 \fs20 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_pp_sp_100059_71_1}{\*\bkmkend co_pp_sp_100059_71_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0*71}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0I. The}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privileges}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200Defined and Explanatory Policies Described.\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0A. The}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Attorney}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0-}

{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Client}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privilege

}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Defined.\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj


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{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0The}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0attorney}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0-}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0client}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0\u8220\'3fprovides limited protection to communications from the client by prohibiting their unauthorized disclosure.\u8221\'3f Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.6, comment at 90 (2d ed. 1992). The}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0

privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0applies only if:\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb01. The asserted holder of the

}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0is or sought to become a client;


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\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb02. The person to whom the communication was made (a) is a member of the bar of acourt or his subordinate and (b) in connection with this communication is acting as a lawyer;\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb03. The communication relates to a fact of which the attorney was informed -\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li360 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0a) by his client\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li360 \b0 \qj

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0b) without the presence of strangers\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li360 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0c) for the purpose of securing primarily either\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li540 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

(i) opinion on law, or\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li540 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(ii) legal services, or\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li540 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(iii) assistance in some legal proceeding, and not

\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li360 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0d) for the purpose of committing a crime or tort; and\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj


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{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb04. The}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0has been\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li360 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0a) claimed and\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li360 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0b) not waived by the client.

\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1950119829&pubNum=345&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_345_358" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0United States v. United Shoe Mach. Corp., 89 F. Supp. 357, 358-59 (D. Mass. 1950)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

; see also 8 Wigmore, Evidence \u167\'3f 2292 at 554 (3d ed. 1961). Fed. R. Evid. 501 incorporates state rules of}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0to govern state claims and a federal common law for federal claims.\par

}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0B. Purpose and Origin.\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0


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The}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0attorney}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0-}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0client}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0

privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0is \u8220\'3fborn of the law\rquote s own complexity.\u8221\'3f}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1975108622&pubNum=345&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0In re Grand Jury Subpoena Duces Tecum, 406 F. Supp. 381 (S.D.N.Y. 1975)

}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0. It is \u8220\'3fdesigned \lquote to facilitate the ad-}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_pp_sp_100059_73_1}{\*\bkmkend co_pp_sp_100059_73_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0*73}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0ministration of}

{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0justice}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0\rquote in order \lquote to promote freedom of consultation of legal advisors by clients,\u8221\'3f\rquote


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}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1968104759&pubNum=350&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_350_691" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Natta v. Hogan 392 F.2d 686, 691 (10th Cir. 1968)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0, and to encourage persons \u8220\'3fto seek legal advice in planning their affairs to avoid litigation as well as in pursuing it.\u8221\'3f}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1976102535&pubNum=344&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_344_513" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0SCM Corp. v. Xerox Corp., 70 F.R.D. 508, 513 (D. Conn.)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0, appeal dismissed,}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1976146265&pubNum=350&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1

.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0534 F.2d 1031 (2d Cir. 1976)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0.\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Its origin is ancient, having been recognized in the time of Elizabeth I in thecode of honor of the English lawyer who simply refused to turn informer against

his client. It is said to be the oldest of the}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privileges}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0.}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?fin

dType=Y&serNum=1981101939&pubNum=780&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_780_389" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Upjohn Co. v. United States, 449 U.S. 383, 389 (1981)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(citing 8 Wigmore, op. cit., \u167\'3f 2290). Initially the}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1


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{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0was that of the attorney, as it was his honor upon which the}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0was based. In the early 1700s, \u8220\'3fwhen the desire for}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0truth}}

{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0overcame the wish to protect the honor of witnesses\u8221\'3f, the client became the holder of the}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0.}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1962100965&pubNum=345&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_345_15" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0In re Colton, 201 F. Supp. 13, 15 (S.D.N.Y. 1961)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0, aff\rquote d,}

{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1962115446&pubNum=350&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0306 F.2d 633 (2d Cir. 1962)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0, cert. denied,}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?fin


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dType=Y&serNum=1963202635&pubNum=780&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0371 U.S. 951 (1963)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0.\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Presently, the policy for the}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0is to encourage clients to be completely truthful with their attorneys to enable their cases to be honestly and effectively litigated and \u8220\'3fthereby pro

mote broader public interest in the observance of law and administration of}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0justice}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0.\u8221\'3f}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?fin

dType=Y&serNum=1981101939&pubNum=780&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_780_389" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Upjohn Co. v. United States, 449 U.S. at 389;}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1975107594&pubNum=345&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_345_369" }{\fldrslt

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0United States v. Grand Jury Investigation, 401 F. Supp. 361, 369-70}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(W.D. Pa. 1975).\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0


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The}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0rests on the belief that in an adversary system, a client\rquote s full disclosure to an attorney is a necessary predicate to skillful advocacy and fully informed legal advice. The existence of the}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0thus allows attorneys to assure clients that any information given to their attorneys will remain confidential.

\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1992093260&pubNum=350&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_350_165" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Chase Manhattan Bank v. Turner & Newall, 964 F.2d 159, 165 (2d Cir. 1992)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0. It is essential for the policy to encourage complete forthrightness with one\r

quote s attorney, for \u8220\'3f[w]ithout knowing all the facts about the client\rquote s legal problems the lawyer will be unable to give competent legal advice, and the administration of}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0justice}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0will suffer either because of the perpetuation of meritless litigation or nonco

mpliance with the law.\u8221\'3f}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=L&pubNum=1000059&cite=NYCPS4503&originatingDoc=I1a577cb1097f11dc915dcad7ab161d0e&refType=LQ&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0N.Y. Civ. Prac. L. & R. 4503}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0


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, C.4503:1 (McKinney\rquote s 1992).\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_pp_sp_100059_74_1}{\*\bkmkend co_pp_sp_100059_74_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0*74}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0C. Work product Doctrine: Definition, History and Scope.\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0The work product doctrine arises out of the need to provide an attorney with a \u8220\'3fcertain degree of privacy, free from unnecessary intrusion by opposingparties and their counsel.\u8221\'3f}

{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1947115463&pubNum=780&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_780_510" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Hickman v. Taylor, 329 U.S. 495, 510 (1947)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0. It protects \u8220\'3fintangible things, the results of the lawyer\rquote s use of his tongue, his pen and his head, for his client.\u8221\'3f}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1946113883&pubNum=350&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1

.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_350_223" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Hickman v. Taylor, 153 F.2d 212, 223 (3d Cir. 1945)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0, aff\rquote d,}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1947115463&pubNum=780&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0329 U.S. 495 (1947)

}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0. It provides an attorney with a \u8220\'3fzone of privacy\u8221\'3f within which to think, plan, weigh facts and legal theories, and prepare a case.}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1982102989&pubNum=344&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_344_142" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0


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James Julian, Inc. v. Raytheon Co., 93 F.R.D. 138, 142-43 (D. Del. 1982)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(citing}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1980112494&pubNum=350&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_350_864" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Coastal States Gas Corp. v. Department of Energy, 617 F.2d 854, 864 (D.C. Cir. 1980)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0);}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1977125628&pubNum=345&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Hercules, Inc. v. Exxon Corp., 434 F. Supp. 136 (D. Del. 1977)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0. The work product

}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0is intended to aid trial preparation. Disclosure of work product does not waivethe}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0.}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0Privilege}

}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0ends only if disclosure to a third party \u8220\'3fsubstantially increases thelikelihood that an adversary will obtain the}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privileged


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}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0information.\u8221\'3f Shulton, Inc. v. Optel Corp., No. 85-2925, slip op. at 10 (D.N.J. Nov. 4, 1987) (Sarokin, D.J.)\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb01. The history of the work product doctrine, first, stated authoritatively by}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1947115463&pubNum=780&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_780_495" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Hickman v. Taylor, 329 U.S. at 495,}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0but with earlier roots and later expression in}

{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=L&pubNum=1004365&cite=USFRCPR26&originatingDoc=I1a577cb1097f11dc915dcad7ab161d0e&refType=LQ&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Rule 26(b)(3) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0, is extensively treated in an excellent student Note, The}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=0105000725&pubNum=1111&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Work Product Doctrine, 68 Cornell L. Rev. 760 (1983)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0, and see the introduction, Clermont, Surveying Work Product, 68 Cornell L. Rev.754 (1983).\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb02. Hickman considered that a lawyer\rquote s research, analysis and mental impressions deserved special protection. Production of these private papers is rarely

ordered, only upon a strong showing of need.}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1969113026&pubNum=344&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0La Rocca v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 47 F.R.D. 278}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(W.D. Pa. 1969).


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\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb03. The protection applies to material \u8220\'3fassembled and brought into beingin anticipation of litigation.\u8221\'3f}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1982134212&pubNum=350&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0United States v. El Paso Co., 682 F.2d 530 (5th Cir. 1982)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0, cert. denied,}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1984216331&pubNum=780&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0466 U.S. 944 (1984)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

. Materials \u8220\'3fassembled in the ordinary course of business, or pursuantto public requirements unrelated to litigation\u8221\'3f are not protected. Advisory Committee Notes to the}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=0292103225&pubNum=344&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_344_501" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, 48 F.R.D. 487, 501 (1969)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0.

}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_pp_sp_100059_75_1}{\*\bkmkend co_pp_sp_100059_75_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0*75}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Litigation, however, need not be imminent as long as the purpose behind the document was to aid in possible future litigation.}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1981103747&pubNum=350&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1

.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_350_1040" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0United States v. Davis, 636 F.2d 1028, 1040 (5th Cir. 1981)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0, cert. denied,}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1981240877&pubNum=780&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1


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.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0454 U.S. 862 (1981)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0. The doctrine does not require the party to know who would sue it or on what theory; \u8220\'3fthe prospect of litigation\u8221\'3f has to be \u8220\'3fsufficiently strong to bring the materials within the doctrine.\u8221\'3f}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1982102989&pubNum=344&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_344_143" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0James Julian, Inc. v. Raytheon Co., 93 F.R.D. at 143}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(citing}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1979113305&pubNum=350&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_350_1229" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

In re Grand Jury Investigation, 599 F.2d 1224, 1229 (3d Cir. 1979)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0). The work product doctrine is a qualified immunity, \u8220\'3fdesigned to balance the needs of the adversary system to promote an attorney\rquote s preparation against society\rquote s general interest in revealing all facts relevant to the resolution of a dispute.\u8221\'3f}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1988111962&pubNum=350&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_350_273" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

In re Sealed Case, 856 F.2d 268, 273 (D.C. Cir. 1988)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0. The case involved work product based on oral statements taken from witnesses.\u8220\'3f[A] far stronger showing is required than the \lquote substantial need\rquote and \lquote without undue hardship\rquote standard applicable to discovery of work product protected documents and other tangible things.\u8221\'3f\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0D. Statements of Attorney Attributable to Client as an Admission.

\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0The statements of counsel in pleadings and perhaps in briefs and argument, may be attributable to the client as an admission.}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=L&pubNum=1004365&cite=USFRER801&originatingDoc=I1a577cb1097f11dc915dcad7ab


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161d0e&refType=LQ&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Fed. R. Evid. 801(d)(2)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0. In}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1991055596&pubNum=350&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0United States v. GAF Corp., 928 F.2d 1253, (2d Cir. 1991)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0, the court held that it was reversible error not to allow the defendant to cross examine on the basis of the government\rquote s assertions in an earlier, andwithdrawn, bill of particulars. Although the government had the right to withdraw the bill, statements in that bill, if relevant, could be the subject of comment in arguing against conviction. Following a line of cases, the Second Circuit held that statements made by an attorney concerning a matter within his employment may be admissible against his client, and that rule applies as well with regard to the government. See}

{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1984132185&pubNum=350&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0United States v. McKeon, 738 F.2d 26 (2d Cir. 1984)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0;}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1981143632&pubNum=350&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_350_142" }{\fldrslt

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0United States v. Margiotta, 662 F.2d 131, 142 (2d Cir. 1981)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0, cert. denied,}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&pubNum=780&cite=761US913&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0761 U.S. 913 (1983)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

;}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1989120338&pubNum=162&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0State v. Schubert, N.J. Super. 212, 561 A.2d 1186 (1989)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0, cert. denied, ____ U.S. ____,


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}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1990076496&pubNum=708&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0110 S. Ct. 2600 (1990)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0. With regard to an indictment, however, since the indictment is not a pleadingof the United States, but the charge of a grand jury, there is no basis for attribution.\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_pp_sp_100059_76_1}{\*\bkmkend co_pp_sp_100059_76_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0*76}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

E. Expansions, Contractions and Policies.\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb01. California law has been interpreted to give work product protection also to counseling in the course of contract negotiations, regardless that litigation maynot be imminent.}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1983127297&pubNum=227&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Rumac, Inc. v. Bottomley, 143 Cal. App. 3d 810, 192 Cal. Rptr. 104 (1983)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(interpreting}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=L&pubNum=1000201&cite=CACPS2016&originatingDoc=I1a577cb1097f11dc915dcad7ab161d0e&refType=LQ&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Cal. Civ. Proc. Code \u167\'3f 2016}}}

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(B) (West 1983)). The court ruled that the lawyer\rquote s role in avoiding litigation is at least as socially useful and important as is his role as an advocate.\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb02. But \u8220\'3f[T]he


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}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0remains an exception to the general duty to disclose. Its benefits are all indirect and speculative; its obstruction is plain and concrete. . . . It is worth preserving for the sake of a general policy, but is nonetheless an obstacle to the investigation of the}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0truth}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0. It ought to be strictly confined within the narrowest possible limits consistent with the logic of its principle.\u8221\'3f 8 Wigmore, Evidence 2292 at 554 (M

cNaughton Rev. 3d ed. 1961); see also Burke, The}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=0101377948&pubNum=1105&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_1105_243" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Duty of Confidentiality and Disclosing Corporate Misconduct, 36 Bus. Law. 239, 243 n.13 (1981)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(quoting Jeremy Bentham, Rationale of Judicial Evidence (1827), to the effect that the guilty deserve no

}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0and the innocent have nothing to hide). See also}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1974127252&pubNum=780&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1

.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_780_709" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0United States v. Nixon, 418 U.S. 683, 709-10 (1974)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(\u8220\'3fThe need to develop all relevant facts in the adversary system is both fundamental and comprehensive . . . . [}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1


48/498

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0P]rivileges}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0against forced disclosure . . . . [as] exceptions to the demand for every man\rquote s evidence are not lightly created nor expansively construed, for they arein derogation of the search for}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0truth}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0.\u8221\'3f)\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb03. But elsewhere it has been said:\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li360 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0It is true that litigation is no longer a game of hide and seek, and also true that}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0justice

}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0is to a large extent equated with}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0truth}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0

}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0. But if attorneys may not freely and privately express and record mental impressions, opinions, conclusions, and legal theories, in writing, and clients may not freely seek them, then there is}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0justice}


49/498

}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0for no one, and}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0truth}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0, instead of being more readily ascertainable, will become lost in the murky recesses of the memory in the minds of men . . . .\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_pp_sp_100059_77_1}{\*\bkmkend co_pp_sp_100059_77_1}

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0*77}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1974113239&pubNum=350&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_350_736" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Duplan Corp. v. Moulinage et Retorderie de Chavanoz, 509 F.2d 730, 736 (4th Cir.

1974)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0, cert. denied,}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1975241273&pubNum=780&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0420 U.S. 997 (1975)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(\u8220\'3fwork product\u8221\'3f

}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0).


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\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0The Fourth Circuit limited the application of the work product}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0to \u8220\'3fmental impressions\u8221\'3f in preparation of litigation. \u8220\'3f[M]aterials prepared in the ordinary course of business or pursuant to regulatory requirements or for other non-litigation purposes are not documents prepared in anticipation of litigation within the meaning of}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=L&pubNum=1004365&cite=USFRCPR26&originatingDoc=I1a577cb1097f11dc915dcad7ab161d0e&refType=LQ&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Rule 26(b)(3)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0,\u8221\'3f and thus, are not}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privileged}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0.}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1992112257&pubNum=350&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_350_984" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0National Union Fire Ins. v. Murray Sheet Metal, 967 F.2d 980, 984 (4th Cir. 1992)}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0. In the case of industrial incidents, investigations occur for safety preventio

n as well as in anticipation of litigation. Therefore, the purpose of the investigation must be determined before blindly applying the}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}


51/498

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0. Id.\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li180 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb04. To what extent may unnamed class members claim the}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0attorney}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0/}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0client}}

{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

for the purpose of shielding communications they had with counsel? To insure that the}{\i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f2 \chcbpat21 \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0privilege}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \chcbpat2 \b0}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0exists, in any communications with a possible class member, the attorney shouldindicate that he is acting on behalf of the class. See

}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1974104645&pubNum=344&originationContext=docume