a crash course in english grammardgp

7/26/2019 A Crash Course in English GrammarDGP

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A Crash Course inA Crash Course inEnglish GrammarEnglish Grammar

The Mrs. Denton EditionThe Mrs. Denton Edition


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The Eight Parts of

Speech Noun Pronoun Ver Ad!ecti"e Ad"er Preposition

#nter!ection Con!unction


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The Noun #t is a person$ place$ thing$ or idea

%hen it is proper$ it is capitali&ed


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The Pronoun The' are (ords that ta)e the place of anoun.

The noun the' replace is called the

antecedent.* +erem'roughthis oo) to class.

Pronouns must agree (ith the antecedentin numer and gender.

* ,or instance$ 'ou (ould not (rite- # li)eAmer. /e is a nice girl.0


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T'pes of Pronouns Personal

1efle2i"e

1elati"e #nterrogati"e

Demonstrati"e

#ndefinite


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The Personal Pronoun 1efers to the one spea)ing 34stperson5$ the onespo)en to 36ndperson5$ and the one spo)en aout 37rdperson5

4stperson pronouns* #$ me$ us$ (e$ our$ ours 6ndperson pronouns8 'ou$ 'our$ 'ours 7rdperson pronouns8 he$ him$ his$ hers$ it$ its$ the'$

them$ theirs

E2ample- #(ould li)e'ou to go (ith him.


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#ndefinite Pronoun #t is indefinite in numer and gender. 9ou do not)no( (ho the antecedent specificall' is.

The' can e ad!ecti"es. #f the' are acting as

ad!ecti"es$ 'ou lael them ad!ecti"e0 instead ofpronoun.0 E2ample-

* E"er'onecan ring a treat to class tomorro(.* %ill 'ou ring each pla'er a drin): 3#t is an ad!ecti"e in

this sentence5


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Demonstrati"e Points out a person$ a place$ thing$ or idea3noun5

This$ that$ these$ and those

Can also e ad!ecti"es if placed efore anoun. #f the' are ad!ecti"es$ lael themad!ecti"e.0

E2ample-

* Thisis m' fa"orite class.* # might ring this class a treat.


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1efle2i"e 1efers to the su!ect and directs theaction of the "er ac) to the su!ect.

The' can e first$ second$ or third person.

E2amples-

# (ant to treat m'selfto a facial.+uan li)es to go ' himselfto the mo"ies.


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1elati"e #ntroduces a suordinate clause 3(hat is asuordinate clause:5

That$ (hich$ (ho$ (hom$ (hose E2ample-* # (ould li)e to go to the mo"ie thatthat starts atstarts at

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* # read the oo) ' the author whowhowrites inwrites inher pajamas.herpajamas.


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#nterrogati"e As)s a ;uestion

%hich: %hose: %hat: %hom:%ho:


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The Ver Action

/elping


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The /elping Ver %hat the' loo) li)e=* am$ are$ e$ een$ eing$ is$ (as$ (ere* do$ does$ did

* ha"e$ has$ had* can$ could$ ma'$ might$ must$ shall$ should$ (ill$

(ould

%hat the' do** The' help the main "er


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Action Ver The' sho( either ph'sical 3!ump$ run$s)ip5 or mental 3dream$ imagine$

thin)5 action

E2ample- # tastedthe tur)e'.


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Action Vers Can >e. . . Transiti"e* /as a Direct ?!ect

* E2ample- # s(am the marathon. #ntransiti"e

* Does not ha"e a Direct ?!ect

* E2ample- # s(am (ell.


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The Core Parts of the

Sentence Su!ect Simple Predicate

Direct ?!ect #ndirect ?!ect

Predicate Ad!ecti"e

Predicate Nominati"e


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%hat #s the Difference >et(een aPart of Speech and a Part of the

Sentence:A part of a sentence is a part of

speech that performs a specific role

in a sentence. ,or instance$ a nouncan perform the role of a su!ect$direct o!ect$ indirect o!ect$ or

predicate nominati"e.


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Su!ects


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Are All Nouns Su!ects:

No@@@@@ A noun can performman' functions in a sentence$ not

!ust the su!ect role.


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Simple Predicate


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Practice4. After the allgame$ +oe (ent tothe part'.

6. %hen 'ou set the tale$ 'ou need toe sure to include spoons.

7. Marsha li)es to dra( and paint.


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Complements %hat are the':* A (ord that comes after the "er and

completes either the meaning of the "er orthe su!ect

* T(o t'pes= Su!ect complements that follo( a lin)ing "er and

complete the su!ect

?!ect complements that follo( an action "er andcomplete the "er


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?!ect Complements ,ollo( ACT#?N VE1>S@@@ Direct ?!ects* follo( an action "er and

ans(er (hom:0 or (hat:0 #ndirect ?!ects* come et(een an action"er and a direct o!ect and ans(er to(hom:0 to (hat:0 for (hom:0 for (hat:0

E2. # sent Mrs. 1iche'an email.


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Su!ect Complements ,ollo( S@@ Predicate nominati"e* ,ollo(s a lin)ing "er

and 1ENAMES the su!ect* E2. # am a teacher.

Predicate ad!ecti"e* ,ollo(s a lin)ing "er

and DESC1#>ES the su!ect* E2. # am e2hausted.


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Practice4. Sir Author Conan Do'le certainl' ga"e readersa (onderful gift(hen he created the characterof Sherloc) /olmes.

6. /olmes is a masterof the science of deduction.7. /e oser"es seemingl' insignificant clues.

. The /ound of the >as)er"illes is an e2cellentexampleof ho( /olmes sol"es a afflingm'ster'.


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The Phrase %hat is it:* A group of related (ords

* %#T/?T a su!ect and its "er* That acts as a part of speech


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The Phrase Prepositional Veral

Appositi"e


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Prepositional Phrases 1ole- suall' sho( location. The'add spice and specificit' to

sentences. Parts of speech- ad!ecti"e or ad"er


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Ad!ecti"e Prepositional

Phrases %hich one: ?r %hat Bind: Nouns or pronouns

Close to (hat the' modif'

E2ample- # (ant the oo) on theoo)shelf.


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Ad"erial Prepositional

Phrases %hen: %here: /o(: To (hate2tent:

Ad!ecti"e$ Ad"ers$ Vers #f it is at the eginning$ it is ad"er.

The' can e an'(here$ ho(e"er.

E2ample- After the game$ (ill 'ou getme some ice cream:


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The Veral Phrase %hat is it:* A "er phrase that acts as a noun$

ad!ecti"e$ or ad"er* There are t(o t'pes (e ha"e learned

aout- #nfiniti"e

Participial


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The Participial Phrase %hat is it:* A "eral phrase that egins (ith a

participle and acts li)e an ad!ecti"e* Participles are either present 38ing5 or

past 38ed5 tense "ers

* E2ample- 1unning do(n the street,# tripped and fell.


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Clues to help 'ou find

participial phrases


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The #nfiniti"e Phrase A "er phrase that egins (ith to0 thatacts li)e a noun$ ad!ecti"e$ or ad"er

Clue-


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Practice@@ ,ind the "erals and lael themparticipial or infiniti"e

4. After school$ # li)e to eat peanut uttersand(iches.

6. During school$ (e hear the announcements read' Coach Thames.

7. To e on time for school is an important s)ill.. sing a pro!ector$ (e determined the degree of

the angle.

. The final ell$ ringing at 7-$ mar)s the end of

the school da'.


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The Clause %hat is it:* A group of related (ords

* %#T/ a su!ect and its "er* That acts li)e a part of speech


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T(o Main T'pes of

Clauses The #ndependent Clause* Su!ect$ "er$ complete thought* Also )no(n as a sentence

* E2ample- # ate sushi. The Suordinate Clause

* 1estricti"e Clue (ord- that E2ample- # li)ethat shirt 'ou are (earing.

* Nonrestricti"e Clue (ord- (hich E2ample- The caterpillar$ (hich (ill turn into a

utterfl' soon$ curledinto a all upon the leaf.


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The Appositi"e %hat is it:* A noun or noun phrase that follo(s

another noun or noun phrase andrenames it.


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The Sentence T'pes=* Simple

?ne independent clause E2ample- # li)e meat

* Compound T(o or more independent clauses comined (ith

* ,conjunction* ;* ;subordinating conjunction,

E2ample- # li)e meat,but# (ill also eat ice cream.

* Comple2 An independent clausethat contains a subordinate clause E2ample- When I go to the store, I always buy cheese.

* Compound8comple2

T(o or more !oined independent clauses$ at least one of (hich has a subordinate clause. E2ample- When I go to the store$ I always buy cheese,andI also try to get ground

meat.

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