a. di gaeta, a.a. diano, p. vassallo, e. capobianco, m. muto neuroradiology unit
DESCRIPTION
Single voxel spectroscopy in the follow-up of low grade gliomas. A. di Gaeta, A.A. Diano, P. Vassallo, E. Capobianco, M. Muto Neuroradiology unit A.O.R.N. “A. CARDARELLI” - Napoli. From january 2003 until november 2009 we studied 24 low-grade astrocytoma with six years follow-up. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
A. di Gaeta, A.A. Diano, P. Vassallo,
E. Capobianco, M. Muto Neuroradiology unit
A.O.R.N. “A. CARDARELLI” - Napoli
Single voxel spectroscopy in the follow-up of
low grade gliomas
• From january 2003 until november 2009 we studied • 24 low-grade astrocytoma with six years follow-up24 low-grade astrocytoma with six years follow-up
16 hemisferic astrocytoma 2 gliomatosis 2 pylocitic astrocytoma (FCP) 2 trunk glioma 2 well differenziated oligodendrogliomas
In 9 lesions we performed hystopathologic analysis
• surgery in six• stereotactic biopsy in three
METHODS
• sequences sequences for volume sampling- PRESS (point resolved spectroscopy)
The most clinically sequence used for its speedy and better S/R ratio(Pattany and all AJNR 27:1070-1073,May 2006)
• technique usedtechnique used“SINGLE VOXEL” (SVS)
Easily available in the majority of RM systems , rapid acquisition (5min.), but narrow study fieldnarrow study field even if better than multivoxel (Brandao Lara A. “MR spectroscopy of the brain “ pag 164 2002) in posterior fossa ,in sovrasellar region and in regionsadjacent to skull base.The decision of which sequences(SVS or multivoxel ) and which parameters ( TE or TR)to use depends on the location of the lesion and the choice of the brain metabolites the investigator wants to evaluate Sundgren P.C. Mr spectroscopy in radiation injury AJNR 30:1469-1476 sep 2009
- RM magnet 1,5T, “head-coil” square , basic sequences (SE T1, T2 e flair) with and without contrast
Standard RM
spectroscopy
SPECTROSCOPIC DATA EVALUATION
• Spectrum visual analysis (peak height)
• Ratio NAA (marker neuronal integrity)/Cho ( increase in high grade tumors)
• Ratio NAA/Cr (reduced in high grade tumors )
• Ratio Cho/Cr (increase in high grade tumors)
• Lactate and lipids evidence (ratio Lactate/Cr)
Intermediate echo time (135) ideal to evaluate lactate and choline peaks(Brandao Lara A “MR Spectroscopy of the brain” pag 5 ,2002 Lippincott)
SPECTROSCOPIC DATA EVALUATION
NAA/Cho = 1,8831NAA/Cr = 1,7935Cho/Cr = 0,9523
ASTROCITOMA “LOW-GRADE spectrum example”
Case 31R.M., femm a.28NAA/Cho = 0,4525NAA/Cr = 0,5023Cho/Cr = 1,6574
Evaluation criteria
Ratio NAA/Cho
Lip/Lac peak
remarks
more than 20% variations in
comparition to first examination
Appearing or increase in
comparition to first examination
To remember that low grade gliomas spectrum could be similar to normal parenchyma (Brandao Lara A. pag 142 ;2002)
Only in cases not treated
Doesnt exist a real cut-off value of NAA/Cho ratio (Cha AJNR 27:475-487, March 2006) .Indeed it is possible only differenziate tumour lesion from pseudotumoral lesion.(Majos “Proton MR spectroscopy improves discrimination between tumor and pseudotumoral lesion in solid brain masses AJNR 30:544-551, March 2009) that is 0.5 82 % diagnostic accuracy
we have not evaluated lipids and lactate in treated gliomas because their values are always elevated and don’t show a good correlation with histologic grade of the lesion .
Lipids are present almost exclusively in high grade gliomas whereas lactate could be found in both low grade and
high grade gliomas.(Xiaojuan Li AJNR 26:760-769, April 2005)
PRELIMINAR GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
The use of NAA/Cho ratio allowed a correct retrospective classification in 80% of the cases in differenziating
recurrent tumour from radiation injury with SVS(singleVoxel spectroscopy)
Schlemmer HP,Bachert P, Herfarth K Proton Mr spectroscopicevaluation of suspicious brain lesion after stereotactic
radiotherapy AJNR 2001;22 :1316-1324
The most effective method of spectrum evaluation in SVS is the NAA/
Cho ratio.MR Spectroscopy in radiation injury Sundgren P.C.AJNR 30:1469-
1476 september 2009
A correlative study between spettroscopy and perfusion(CBF) show a good care sampling of the metabolites in more hyperfused areas ( higher Cho and increased lipids-lactate/creatina ratio ) in the high grade lesions in comparition to low grade lesions .(Chawla AJNR 28:1683-1689, October 2007)
Also a MET– PET correlative study has shown a good reliability showing the turn over a more aggressive behaviour ( metionina high uptake) in comparision to a more quiescent behaviour (low uptake).(Kato “Analysis of C-methionine uptake in low-grade gliomas and correlation with proliferative activity” AJNR 29 :1867-1871, 2007)
Morever has been demonstrated that the low TE (30) myoinositol sampling has shown a remarkable accuracy in discerning low grade gliomas (high MI/Cr ratio ) from high grade gliomas(MI/Cr low ratio)
(Castillo M AJNR 21:1645-1649, 2000)
RELATED PAPERS OF TURNING OF LOW GRADE LESIONS TO HIGH GRADE LESIONS
A good correlation of trasformation from grade 2 gliomas to grade 3 anaplastic astrocytoma was found monitoring a gradual increase of the choline and the creatine (Majos Eur Radiology 13(3):582-591, March 2003)
Some examples Some examples
6°6° examination 17/03/2006 30 30 months later months later
4°4° spectroscopic examination 13/05/2005
NAA/Cho = 0,3876NAA/Cr = 0,6070Cho/Cr = 1,5495
NAA/Cho = 0,2764NAA/Cr = 0,5208Cho/Cr = 1,883
NAA/Cho = 0,1414NAA/Cr = 0,2873Cho/Cr = 2,9500
1 spectroscopic examination 01/09/2003
TE 135
TE 35
TE 135
4° examination - 29/12/2006 – 3a. e 10m.after 3a. e 10m.after 1°examination 1°examination
NAA/Cho = 0,0871NAA/Cr = 0,2626Cho/Cr = 3,0188
NAA/Cho = 0,1535NAA/Cr = 0,4509Cho/Cr = 2,3057
1°1° spectroscopic examination - 16/02/2003
NAA/Cho > 20%
1° examination - 19/01/2006
NAA/Cho = 0,8306NAA/Cr = 0,8127Cho/Cr = 0,9705
4° esame - 26/02/2007 – 13 months after first examination
NAA/Cho = 0,6491NAA/Cr = 0,6968Cho/Cr = 1,0733
“LOW-GRADE” astrocytoma spectroscopic follow-up
Case N.95. S.G. 30 a. 1° examination january 2005
CT performed for seizure after minor trauma ( face injury playing soccer)
2° examination (six months later). june 2005june 2005. RM spectroscopy
NAA/Cho = 0,4538NAA/Cr = 0,8505Cho/Cr = 1,8741
“LOW-GRADE” ASTROCYTOMA SPECTROSCOPIC FOLLOW’UP
“LOW-GRADE”astrocytoma spectroscopic follow-up
3° examination ( 4 months later)October 2005October 2005
NAA/Cho = 0,1999NAA/Cr = 0,4130Cho/Cr = 2,0656
4° examination 2months later2months later(december 2005)(december 2005)
NAA/Cho = 0,4680NAA/Cr = 0,8297Cho/Cr = 1,7726
NAA/Cho = 0,3522NAA/Cr = 0,7553Cho/Cr = 2,1445
NAA/Cho = 0,2511NAA/Cr = 0,5712Cho/Cr = 2,2747
5° examination 3 months later (March 2006). Voxel positioned at the core months later (March 2006). Voxel positioned at the core lesion lesion
ASTROCITOMA “LOW-GRADE”spectroscopy follow-up
NAA/Cho = 0,4538NAA/Cr = 0,8505Cho/Cr = 1,8741
NAA/Cho = 0,2511NAA/Cr = 0,5712Cho/Cr = 2,2747
1° spectroscopic examination june june 20052005
4° spectroscopic examination 99 months later (March months later (March 2006)2006)
NAA/Cho > 20% Lip
FUNCTIONAL MRI” april 2006
surgery
Hystologic data :•Macroscopic report: “fragments of whitish, homogenous… tissue ”
•Microscopic report : “glial tumour fairly cellular, mainly microcistic, composed by monomorfe cells, ”
•Diagnosis: Oligoastrocitoma (grado II WHO)
1° spectroscopic control after surgery. january january 20072007
2° spectroscopic control after surgery. April 2007 2007
3° spectroscopic control after surgery. April 2009 2009
4° spectroscopic control after surgery. Nov 2009 2009
OLIGODENDROGLIOMA spectroscopy follow-upCase 106. D’A.G. A. 43 women. Operated 4 years before : “oligondendroglioma well differenziated” 1°1° spectroscopic examination 05/01/2006NAA/Cho = 0,1551NAA/Cr = 0,3696Cho/Cr = 2,3825
OLIGODENDROGLIOMA spectroscopy follow-up 2°2° spectroscopic examination 12/05/2006. 55 months later
NAA/Cho = 0,2320NAA/Cr = 0,5166Cho/Cr = 2,2263
OLIGODENDROGLIOMA spectroscopy follow-up 3°3°spectroscopic examination 16/01/2007. 7 months.later 1 year after 1° spectrum
NAA/Cho = 0,2047NAA/Cr = 0,6040Cho/Cr = 2,9497
NAA/Cho = 0,1551NAA/Cr = 0,3696Cho/Cr = 2,3825
NAA/Cho = 0,2320NAA/Cr = 0,5166Cho/Cr = 2,2263
1°1° MRs 05/01/2006
2°2° MRs 5 months later
3°3° MRs 1 year laterNAA/Cho = 0,2047NAA/Cr = 0,6040Cho/Cr = 2,9497
4°4°examination 18/06/2008. 117 months later 2 years and half from 1 spectrumOLIGODENDROGLIOMA spectroscopy follow-up
5°5°examination 30/09/2008. 33months later2 years and half from 1° spectrumOLIGODENDROGLIOMA spectroscopy follow-up
Results Results In 20 patients good correlation between
variation of NAA/Cho ratio and appearing or increase of lipid/lactate peaks and clinical-morfologic pattern (stable or progressive)
In 4 hemisferic operated astrocytomas and in a trunk glioma irradiated: disagreement between clinical-morphological pattern (in stable resolution) and spectroscopic pattern (persistent inversion of the NAA/Cho e Cho/Cr ratio)
In 2 of these patients restart of the disease at the subsequent controls
The appearing of a spectroscopic alteration could anticipate of about 1-2months contrast enhancment with standard RM(Brandao Lara A. “MR Spectroscopy of the Brain” pag 158. Lippincott)
Conclusions Conclusions
2 are the more interesting clinical applications of the spectroscopic SVS follow-up of the brain neoplasm
• “surveallance” of the not operated lesionsnot operated lesions and possibility of evaluate an initial “turn turn ” from “low-grade” to high grade lesions.
• evaluation after surgery and sometimes after RT of the beginning of the neoplastic relapse
• But the effort to separate tumor recurrence from pure radiation damage might be more problematic when using SVS compared with using multivoxel spectroscopy .Sundgren P.C. Mr spectroscopy in radiation injury AJNR 30:1469-1476 September 2009
Thank you