a discourse concerning the musical notes of the trumpet, and trumpet-marine, and of the defects of...

A Discourse concerning the Musical Notes of the Trumpet, and Trumpet-Marine, and of theDefects of the Same, by the Honourable Francis Roberts, Esq; R. S. S.Author(s): Francis RobertsSource: Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775), Vol. 16 (1686 - 1692), pp. 559-563Published by: The Royal SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/101937 .

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( 559 ) J DiJUogrf coearereziZX the MSfical Notes of the

BruwpetX -viad trurnpet- MaristeX azzd + of tAve dF feS of tbe Janze) by tte ]:10tlo%rable francis Robertc, (Jq; X,. Si S.

t w n t

H E Wrunaptt tOtamous xn sIf Ages for itS uSe sn ^ \5lar} tlle loudnefs and tloblcnefs of itS XUnfd pe utiarly l8dititag lt to-that ptlrpofe, iS neverthelefs tobe reckonsd amotzg ttle sIzfpPrfed Mulical Itlftruments For tllougll it llas a large compa0¢ tlle greater part of tl;e in- tCR1nedSatC NGteS are wantings and Gome of tln} imper- fEd. The; exterxt of tlzis tnflrulnent cannot be firidtly derermined,>it reachss as higb as the Rtengsh of the lzreatIl can force itd but+by confidering its Sotes witllin the ordinary cotnpa(s of the Scale of Mufilek (from doutle C f*R* £tZ (:%olvfJin ait) the natureofthehigher Nores xv-ill plainly appear. Tllefe sre gll fet down in tlle Tablc (Fig. t.) only take notlfce thae the Prickts Notes are imperfi£t, 11Qt being exadly in Tunet but a lstale f3atter ox fIlar cr vllan the places wllere tl:ey fiand,, accf3rd ing as f or s Js (it oYer them. Here we may tnake two inquiries . Sllence w r comes tO pafs that lle Trum-pet will perkrnlano other 5otes (itltbatcompafi) butonly thofe iaf the Table, wlziclil are urually called bt7 MuGcians TrunzpetwNores.

2 * W llat is tlze oreabn that the 7th 1 I th. X 3 th and s4tl. Stotes are out of Tuney and the otllerS exadF 4 w S

y sn -l;ne.

la vhis mate-er we may receive fome light firom ehe Trumpet^Marsne, a* InlErament tllough as unlike as po; fible tb tlle Trumpet in irs frame (one being a WindlF firumentS tlle other a Monochord) yet has a wonderful agreem¢at with it in its effbdt The



( 560) the found is fo like as not to be eafil5r dlRinguiXhed by

the niceIl Ear, and as it performs tlle very fame Notes, fo z has the ine defeEts as--a au-mpet} for if the StriNg

be Rop'd in any part, but fucll as produces a Trumpet Note,it yieldsa llarlhand uncouth (not a Muficai) found.

Let us therefore procced to our firR Inquiry, and examine wllat is the rQWen tliat tllC Trumpet.Marine will perferm no otller but the Trumpet Notes.

It is a known Experiment oftuto Unifon Strings, tbat friking one of them moves tlle other, Wllich probably proceeds from hence, tha-t tlle impulSes of the Air nvhicll are madeby one String, do more esa&y (et another in motion wllich lies in a diSpofitiotl to have itS vibration Snw shronoxs to thems than a tllird rllofe motion would -be crofs.

We may xmprove this a little farther. by obServing that a String will move not o{ily at the firiking of a fVai- fon,but an 8eh. or I tth, though after -a diSerent manner.

If a Unifon is firuck, it makes ene intire vibration in £he whole String, as in FigF A and ehe motion is moll I enftble in the middle at m, for tllere tlle vibrations take the greatell Scope.

If an 8-tl. is (}ruck, it ma-kes tWO vibrations, as in Fige B, ancS then tbe point -n is in a manner quie(cent, snd the moR fen{;ble motion a-t n, a.

Jf a s^th. be &ruck, tben it makes three vibrations, asin Fig*:c, and the greateA motion at q, m, q,:and llardly tO be perceiered at p, p All which may be plainly cxperiZ mented by putting a littie piece of Paper upon tlle We veral parts of the String to make rlle motion more con!

-

XplCUOUS-*

So that in thore this Experiment lloldse when any Note is flcruck which is a unifon to fome aliq6¢ot part of the Strin-g, asin; the former Examples, an 8t1ls is 1lniSon 0 half tihB Scring, and a x 2th, to a- tbird parc of it.

Jn



- (561) tn this caX >(tEt- vibrarlons of the equal parts of a

String of besng Synahrongs) therei is ro contrariety in their mo;; ion to hinder gacll orber sthereas it is otllerwiSe tf arD;{a£e w-unifon toJ^, in the Figs D, that does not divide: the Srring into equal partS for then the vibrations of the r-emalsSler r nQt riting %ith vl<oFe of the orber parts, immediately make aX confufoon in rlle whole.

Now in tLe Trunlpe<lMarine yotl do not op ctolE as in other tnlntruments, but toucb tlle String gently wicll your Thumb, whereby there is a muttlal concurrettce

of vlle upper and lowsr part of Qhe String tO produce the - [ound. I4llis is fufficien ly eviden; from thars if any vlling toucllBs tlle String belout the fiQps tile found will be as ciedtually fposled as if it were laid lapon that part wlxll is immediately ruck with tllt ROW.

From hence thertfore we maycolle&) that tlle Trumv pet.J4arine will yield no Mullcal found but uthen the hop malies the up-per part of the String an alif-ot of the remarder, and conGequenely of the whole; otherwife as weP juIt now remark'd of Fig D. the vibrations of tbe parts will croX one another and make a found fuitable £0 rheir motions altogether confus'd.

Now tl zt thefe aliqXot parts are ehe 57ery {tops whkh produce tllE Trumpes Notes ffiall be plainly ffiown in treating of the (econd enquity, siz. Wllat iS the reaGon that the- 7th. x xth 3th and 14t11. Notes are out of Tune, and the reR exadly in Tune

A11 Writers of the Mathem-atical part of Mufi1ck agree

t half ) ( an e1ghtk

flortnlngQa fourtlP 5,the foundpa fioftuhth aString ja fiftll t ja {harp tlXrd

(a fisth ) (a flat tlaird



( 562 )

From this Foundatiota all ttle otile£ Nfotes are derived. Tlle tSat td {llarp {;xtll 5re to be the Elat and tharp tllird to tlle fouxtll, and the Seventtz tlle like to t11e Jifcll * tlle

fecond to bc a fiftl. to [lle fourtll trelovv,eRc. 13y tbis Rule let us examine wllat N7otes a Monocilord fretted in itS aliquot pArts \Vill produce

Suppofe tlle Monocllord F tO confi{E of 7to partS and

its Tone double C fa*Xt tlle f rR 5tote in tne tTabl¢; then half of it vaiLl be 3 6s, and a thtrd part 240? Fc

Now I fay, fretring, (or {topping wtiril tile Thumb) at 3 60 muR: prod uce C fa*Xt bccau fe ; 60 being 11alf 7 Xo, tile found utill riSe an eiglztil kom doubIc Cf-t

Again 2No being Cfi-St, t40 xnu luake G0oAre*t the third Nore in tlle Talzle becauSe t 4^- being .u(} a vilird part leSs than 360, tlle fvund will riSe a fifth from thar 5763te After the Xme manner proceedig ep by Ilep it will lDe eidvtit that, 380)J t( 1-OnF 1 t 4th.5 ,SrolAv-tthe¢4>ihA * 1+4} : ; l a -th. \ ,E I,.;i (Wt . X 2 o < . i { t : . r ) -/ go $ whic,<l 2 s f . $ .i | p e ' J'/)l //2 Sti1.' SF

72 than So | t i t 5 I H lJmi IrDth { s:: 60 g: :s ai, GJ4olret >tXl o

a8 60 [ a v th. Bfabomz ¢¢ S t}z o 4S {4^" g v I } laalf. S 't; Jolfa l5th Z

By the fame ReaIbn, I00 q . hPI20 ) (ta6tll ) CBf4JiStHaX

7^(is lefs) 9° t j0:?a4th-( pro- tFfut

S4 gthan 2167tt} bY ghailfh 2>duCs4g Bfil; ir¢,

And Confequently sos & the vTll. 5 57ote int {atter ) C R fabims flat 69 51 tItll*t the Ta-3Sharper(t} tEfa.Xb y S ,8 13tll.fX ble i5 a)Ratter f 2n ^)2 lamir#

iX 7s I+.tixlIttle (flatter 3 (fa6sm; Sat Which anXers the fecond Inquiry

Now



( 563 ) Now to applzr this (in a few words) to the Trumpett

wllere tlle Notes are protuced anly by elle diSerxt force of the breatll; it is reafonable tO imagine tbat the ItrongeR bla& raifes vlle Sound by breaking tlle Air With

in tlle Tabe ineo the {hortefi vibrations, but that no Mu- fical found will arito unleSs they are fuited to fome aliZ quot part, and fo by redllplication exadly mearure out the xvhole lengtll of the InfErumentp as in Fig. C, far otllerwife a remainder will cauSe the fame inconvenien in this cafe, as in Fig. 19. To wllichif nve add that a Pipe, being {hortned according to the Proportions we even now diScollrs'd of in a String, raifes the found in the lime degrees, it renders tlle calqe of the Trumpet iult tlle fame with the Monochord.

Por a Corollary tO tllis DiScourSe, we may obServe tllas the diflcances of the Trumpet Notes afcending, conZ titlually decreaSed in proportion of r * 3 + St in inifnitwF

For,

Cfiecond)Note itl theCfirIt 7 ftA TheRthird $Table,diSerstfec<;>ndSbyRliatheStringj,

(foalrth Zfromthe (tllird 5 C) c.

_

Az Account ofthe cvxle of the Ckange of the Vdriatz-

oaz of the Margnetical Needle; wtth an othefs of

the Str8Ht4re of tbe Internal parts of the Earth :

us it was protoled to the Royal Society in one of tlvegr late Ateetings. !23y Edm. Halley.

CtOme years fince l publifhed in tllefe TranEaAionsb 3 (Numb. I48,) a Tlleory of the Variation of the Magnetical Compafs, wllerein having colled:ted as many ObServations as at that time I could procure, and having X Q carefully

( 563 ) Now to applzr this (in a few words) to the Trumpett

wllere tlle Notes are protuced anly by elle diSerxt force of the breatll; it is reafonable tO imagine tbat the ItrongeR bla& raifes vlle Sound by breaking tlle Air With

in tlle Tabe ineo the {hortefi vibrations, but that no Mu- fical found will arito unleSs they are fuited to fome aliZ quot part, and fo by redllplication exadly mearure out the xvhole lengtll of the InfErumentp as in Fig. C, far otllerwife a remainder will cauSe the fame inconvenien in this cafe, as in Fig. 19. To wllichif nve add that a Pipe, being {hortned according to the Proportions we even now diScollrs'd of in a String, raifes the found in the lime degrees, it renders tlle calqe of the Trumpet iult tlle fame with the Monochord.

Por a Corollary tO tllis DiScourSe, we may obServe tllas the diflcances of the Trumpet Notes afcending, conZ titlually decreaSed in proportion of r * 3 + St in inifnitwF

For,

Cfiecond)Note itl theCfirIt 7 ftA TheRthird $Table,diSerstfec<;>ndSbyRliatheStringj,

(foalrth Zfromthe (tllird 5 C) c.

_

Az Account ofthe cvxle of the Ckange of the Vdriatz-

oaz of the Margnetical Needle; wtth an othefs of

the Str8Ht4re of tbe Internal parts of the Earth :

us it was protoled to the Royal Society in one of tlvegr late Ateetings. !23y Edm. Halley.

CtOme years fince l publifhed in tllefe TranEaAionsb 3 (Numb. I48,) a Tlleory of the Variation of the Magnetical Compafs, wllerein having colled:ted as many ObServations as at that time I could procure, and having X Q carefully



a discourse concerning the musical notes of the trumpet, and trumpet-marine, and of the defects of...

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