a dissertation on the situation of the ancient roman station of delgovitia in yorkshire; by john...

A Dissertation on the Situation of the Ancient Roman Station of Delgovitia in Yorkshire; byJohn Burton, of York, M. D.Author(s): John BurtonSource: Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775), Vol. 44 (1746 - 1747), pp. 541-556Published by: The Royal SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/104868 .

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lrealthy. I intend, if the Ctlild dies to do xvhat

I CA£1 tO get it and make a Prefent of it to the Roy/ Soaety.

ZZIII. A EZ)rStior of be sa?a ?f taug B#cteXg Roman %tiz + Ddvitla t' York.Xflire; ty J&n Burton) ft Yorkt M. L).

Reaa May 2s*HE learrled AlltglXarians havv X

. _

/4 1 therto beca grea£y at a tofi t Stt2* the l'lacc wllerc the (DeAgovitia of the Rors rca4y (iood e fotne fuppofing it at one Placc) and bu19 t another.

My worthy and leartlcd Fricnd N1r. R7Z q)sv&,, in his exccllcnt HiLlor)t ansl Anttuities of :Drk, 1zas gisen us cnrery thing wllich has I;ithcrto bectl wrotc in Stlpport of the Clainl nzade ly each Place to thc Honour of riftllg out of tlle Ruills of vllat arlcicnt Town; toret.ller with his Reafons br fixing tbat Statioll at LonGes68xhi all which I beg Aave tO rccapitalate in as fEw Words as poIIlblea alld to make fome fesr Remarks thereupoll, bcfore I proceed to ffiesst where I think i)eRoqJitiv really was.

There are three Places whcre the Site of llee zaitia has bectl fix'd at; szx. ebton;l GadEanhaAnX awd I>ondesbgrgh. See the Map N TAB. X.

Tlle ReaIbns offErd for fixing it at Zightax are tlurec;

Fir#> From the fuppofcd Derivation of the Name. S>ooxdtv, From fomething like a XXsw bein^,

at the EaS End of tllc a own. Alld Aaaa 2 Xt4>

l 54t *

lrealthy. I intend, if the Ctlild dies to do xvhat

I CA£1 tO get it and make a Prefent of it to the Roy/ Soaety.

ZZIII. A EZ)rStior of be sa?a ?f taug B#cteXg Roman %tiz + Ddvitla t' York.Xflire; ty J&n Burton) ft Yorkt M. L).

Reaa May 2s*HE learrled AlltglXarians havv X

. _

/4 1 therto beca grea£y at a tofi t Stt2* the l'lacc wllerc the (DeAgovitia of the Rors rca4y (iood e fotne fuppofing it at one Placc) and bu19 t another.

My worthy and leartlcd Fricnd N1r. R7Z q)sv&,, in his exccllcnt HiLlor)t ansl Anttuities of :Drk, 1zas gisen us cnrery thing wllich has I;ithcrto bectl wrotc in Stlpport of the Clainl nzade ly each Place to thc Honour of riftllg out of tlle Ruills of vllat arlcicnt Town; toret.ller with his Reafons br fixing tbat Statioll at LonGes68xhi all which I beg Aave tO rccapitalate in as fEw Words as poIIlblea alld to make fome fesr Remarks thereupoll, bcfore I proceed to ffiesst where I think i)eRoqJitiv really was.

There are three Places whcre the Site of llee zaitia has bectl fix'd at; szx. ebton;l GadEanhaAnX awd I>ondesbgrgh. See the Map N TAB. X.

Tlle ReaIbns offErd for fixing it at Zightax are tlurec;

Fir#> From the fuppofcd Derivation of the Name. S>ooxdtv, From fomething like a XXsw bein^,

at the EaS End of tllc a own. Alld Aaaa 2 Xt4>



-Z Wx X -#-s

[ 542 X ShZrdly, Becaufe thz DiRatlce frona SDervetFia

agrees with t'tle Itilzcrary. As to tllc firft, thc learned Caxnbiex xvould 11as.e

iDelgovttiv to- be derivcd frolm thz Britifih \Vord 1Delgwe, wllich fignifics tlle Statucs or ttYlages of tllc HeaLilen Gods; tlzclctore, as fomc Pcl^Sons svould have AWeightont to bc dcrivcd Dom fonzetlalng of tllc likc Caafe, Upor1 llo other Foulzdatlon, than that AYeigDtelJ&er^ in Gvrwany is noted by Conrad Celtes fays Dr. Gale, as a relmarkable Tosvn ilz rllofe Parts.

Anotller PerSon (a) f ays, that lDelg;ositia xvas called SDesatzciv, or >:Delvovicioz ; frotn xvhellce taL>^se Vir, a1ad add tlle Sason Teralination Ton, there is Sc)methinr like 6Yigluto; efpecially wlzcn sSe CO11- fidelo that the Saxon U alld W were fotzt2(:1ed alilQcO

Both tllefe (fuppofed) Proofs for AZgltox sllill drop, x^then we collflderX that an ealtcr and rnuclu more probable lDerisation of it may be fotnd OU£; the Name beitlg ilztilcly S4SOX, and is plaitlly deris?cd from the Saxan NVo1d res, or yact, Vza, Strv- tum} a Road ot Strect; alld fiotll the Verb yeta;z$ treX tranJre, to trastel: Tlle T. ermlnatioll Son is ob- vious to all; fio thc BelX,ic or ffigE-Cl)atcl tMech) thegJ7, AWeg2e, are t-lle Eatne witla o:tr FYay, and fig- nitzy rlle faule TIling. TIlis is n oR likcly, ICcan4te lFzeghton now {larlds at tlle Cctl,1uladoule of fcvcai Roads, x^7hcll 11cre me>t7 and rutl from tllcucc by ECexbyy-Bridge to 2ork} and rlacllcc mn4y Dc ballcd

DVeXkan, or FYgy E-W. T1zz No;Xan msii<asy R;tays, both fro^nz i>rrt0r;g¢Xt aruci lszew Liza7z;av) tooi;

({} ) *i.ffi tflf {' rlOt} i3t;P;,>;tv),Xy t! .S,t"i44jt;1



[ 343 2

a diffkrcnt Coullre, alld xzrent 1oy Zode;rgh as I <^1All fhcw in ttlt S£:qllCt; alad tlle old Road bcinr 13Ut*lltl ttliS W<,3rr} a llC\M ToW'll fprunr Upy \ViliC[l took iFsS i4a2|z}e frol5l ti1C C)ccaXio11 of altering tllc lload.

1]:c ffccontt Rcafon ofcrd to proYe Meighton to 11aZc lzccn CDbj/gGvitza is) becauCc Mr. l:IvrJvey ob @rvcd fiolllctIzit3tr likc a lEwgllgs at the W¢(t End of elletTovvl<. Tllis alone is to uteak an Argutnelat tO prosc tlais Placc 4 S2owan Station? ellat I {hall tak: up no Tillac ill ci1deavouring to confute it. I muR alto rc1llark, tllat tlAcre arc 110t tIac lcal Relmaills of any Raxnan Road lcad.irlg to 7Nighton) xvluich tllcrc always arc to any klaoxrrtl Rogan Statio11*

Ilat tllird Wca'otl offer'd, is, I)ecaufe this -Plac¢ agrccs fo ncar svitla tlac DiItance from (Derventinw as lnclltion'tl ill tlae Itinelary but this ArgumeIlt xuuft fall,, whcn 1 fizall IMesar in tlle Sequel, that -it is slot tluc ill 15a2, 11asillg bad :t1Rc Road mcafured.

There is no olnrKr Rcafoll offcr d why %Delgovit,;a nvas wherc Gsedxnan/5axn now iso thall that this latter Placc nvas Eaidn lzy lIcncralule BedeX to be Lor?s Ido ASorzft7X? or a Placc of ldols. Mr. Bxrto?z, in his Itxn Snton f*ctus to ia) a strcrs on the q. ndasn IdoGo- rS,S Loczxs, ant3 f.1ys, t lmay allude} as well to Ro- mdn ldols as Sv-&n: Bl.,t rllis is too far ftrain'd alud ve 1w1ay jttli\}y C1lOUgll conclude, tizat tllis was a Tetllp' nciillel of It07Sv7s Struflcurc nor WorShip, bllt a Placc dcdicatcd to Sdxon Idolatry; fLIch a one as is dcSc1ibcd in VerfFeganu incleScd with 3 Hed^,e infRcad oc va Vru7:l1l : Fol x3le find thc curious lMr. fZ)rakaP rllade a wc;y ̂ ;xi Engtuily9 and could noc pelceisto

the lcwfls ,¢^5s*£t''t''t,;> 2n jj RlXillS ,! 1ncctiza with no

.tiling



[ 544 ] i:llt> tt1t I-loNcs sed Hills, vlcre Chalk or Lime-

it5 had becll ll-lade Tl<^rc bsiL; lzet filfficicnt P;roof ofcr'd to fix SDel-

egavitiv 11clc, Ithall nowm procced to examille x^Z1za:t A11. fZ)rake 'rzrings, to pronrc tllat Londesbsrgh may e:lailm tIzis l-lonotlr, 11c bcing tllc frLt Pcrlon ̂ ho llas attcrllptctl to thew it; and I muR ourn) has brcougllt tilUstl lllorc ftllzIlalltial IR<cafons to fupport llis Opi- nion, tIa11 hastc bcen mention'd ill lJcllalf of cittacr

SYeighton or Godmanhaan. Thck aic fiXc ill Num ber; Tix.

irirJ?, Fronz rlle Nan1c of tlac l?laccX i. e. Bgrgh or Brotwgh.

Serondly, The Di(iance from Eborar8tn and i)ere sentio will allfwer tlle calculatcd Miles ill the ItineraryX as s^c11 as AyMeighron

rhirdXy, Becallfe the Roman Road lay tilat Way. Fogrtbly7 BecauSe Roman Coilas arc l-oulld tllerc.

And SiftEly, Ilecaufc there arc Repofitories for thc Dcad

oftell found. As to tlle firll; That it migllt derive Part of its

Nalme, vi>;. BBrgb, from a FortrcEs on Land, I agrec to; and verwr likely tllerc nziDhe laave bcen 1ome Guards kept therc, bccauSc it llands fo lliDh, tha-t it conlmands the ProfpeEt or tlle nvllole Country from tllence to Brough, nvllcrc tlle Rorsns uSed to ferry ozZer to a1ld frona Lincol; as appears byr tlzc mllitary Road 011 borll Sides tlle RisFerF Hele might, 1 fay, hanze bccll a Guard kept, to (dc tllat no Enemy same on tila.r Si]Le to furpl^ite tllcm in tlacir Statioll;

and svh;iclo indeed fccms to be tlre naore confirmcct by tilc Coilns fotluc! llcrc, as wcll as thc Number

7 o.f



l 545 3

of huzan Bones. Tho' this lall is no certaitl Proof; becaufc a B.attlc or Skirnzith nni:,llt have been follght 1car or UpOll ttliS P]ace; which indecd fcetns to have lbc¢:ll tlle C,fic, Co 1laany 13odies beillg found togcther >

ver, svhelr Soin'd xtritl! othcr Circum0ances, it 11elps f-ll(llly to confirlll his Opillion. But I have not lsearil of ally old Fatvlndatiolas, Rains, or Nomr PanZe-

cnts llasZin, 1zct1 difcocr'd in or llcar tllis PiacCe

The fccol}d RcaColl oSct'd is lccauSe it 5rill an- fxxtc1* tile calculatcd DIilcs ill t!le Itinerary. Tllis lUlacc corl-les ncatel t0lC Jtinerarv than ALeio htor; lJut fllis Poillt I ta!1 nraste di(cuflillg, till I conc to treat of tllat Place sLJhcrc I tllilzk Vslgovtia Rood.

Tlac tI.ird Rcxafon isX becatlfc tllc lnilitary V;ay led thithel^ flonz Brotzg. Tllis, thO' a Proof tllat thc Ro>wff.¢ pafscd at<(i rcpatlcd xvllere tl1at Place noxv Rands, yct is no Proof of its bcing a Rotnan Station,

Tlle fourth ReaLo1as I haste already fpoke to under the filLl Head hele offcr'd; lo I nzall noxv procced to pronte, I 11ope, ̂llere 7DelgoqJitia really Rood.

I thall not fpcnd mucll Time in fpcaking of the B7ifidonl of t'lze IVom48s, either in tlleir military or political Capac ty: Soine few Things honvescr, tend- Xng tlaat \May, 1 ar5 obliged to mention, in order to

esv thetr Motives for fixillD a Station in tlle PSacc I hint at, and tElen I {hall ctldeavour to bring my I'roofs that tllat StatiOl1 sras their Delgovitive

Amoslg okthcrs theSe werc Rrotzg ReaSolls for keepitlg the fecral StSti-onS; tXZ tO uald the Panes} to kccp the Coun-tty in Awc, and to llave a con fidclal)lc Nv1mbcr of Mc11 together7 to prevent a Sur- prize fr>tu >ny torcign Illvafion, anal le;-netinzes to !cWllrc a Ru?ply of ProvifionO



t 54b ] t doll't knoxr anfir Palt of thc CcnlXtuty of Nark tlzat

c<uired fo Arong a Guard as tllis Pl.lce (ft£0tzg ir has lcell, is evidcnt frotn tlle Plan of tllt Carup) ; bWcauSe it is fo fiituatcd, tllat -Cork, for nvatlt of this 8ratiofa, vni>llt havcl)een foollcr liurprifcd, eitlSt^ by ally forcig Elzccznits, xvllo migllt havc tnadc a l)<fccrlt u.yon tbell1, fronz eitluel tluc IZMw6er, ol Gerr}z¢t ()crull ; 01* from aa lnlurleAion of tlle Intlabicafl tK of [lle Ev- >v'id, ngs botl xvllicll arc by tiz is St^.£*io11 fu 'iXi ciclatly ,l la lSdcd a;tai l0. tt likc\vife gaxie tlueno an Opp^;utty tS IccCi\Jir ulld elcfcndillt, tizeir Re:cluits, <;iAlcr - otnlz. W*U1PX or ttona atly othcr of tile Soutlleril ParEs oc tkc lilalrcl; wIzo could eitllcr conle by NVatcl7 01 cr¢Ss tllc lliver from out of lZacol^JIsire.

Ns tllc guarditlg tlleir PaIlcs was G1RC Itrol1g Reazoll for fxillg Statios, any Perfon, by loolei1lD Oll al1d cXAlllill- 1n: the annesed Map, (fiee TAB. X.) alld tllC Draublat of the Calnp, (J4ee TAB. 1X.) wilt calily at one view, f¢e svhy that Place nzuR be prcferalzle tor ftlct1 a Station; foritis juE atthe Anble xvhcre fotl1 %?o^vag nlilitary Ways mect ; fo that) by guarding fufficiently that one PaEs they fecur'd all the four Roads; x:hich, had tlley been liation'd eitlaer at JYeigbta^, Godmazzhv) or Lon- de3bgrgh, they could not Witll tlle fazne Mcn linxJe done. This will bP morc evidcnt, by dleasai£>g a Lin: of tlle Roman Road on the Adap of LrkSw-re from Brosgh Ferry on the RiYct HDw6br thro' Londes- &rgh Park to Malton) and from Stamford^Bridge to ^F6atrngSon near Sp¢rozXJead; alld vlacn you nvill find that tlze Roads .CtOIS eacll other bctsvixt or near igilliSvGN a.d s'artre Priory.

Alocover the Country ittelf, by Ntature) helpcd, svith ollly little Art, to malre tlleir Camp at that

timc



15 547 3 time almoPe ilnpreblzable7 tlle IXills besug fronz fo to go Yards pcrpendiculal in HcigiltX a;<d tIcir Sides ^tery Recp, xvIlicll aa^e *tery apparent in tlle Pla£l

From olle Part of this Calnp tlley could {ee a great nvay towards AIalton, and a11 tlle NNtay dowll the grcat Valc of rork, from near H6zmbleton-Hills tO Howden, alld * fronl Lontdesbsxrgh (wllere I dollbt llOt but tlley kept a NVatchWGuzard) they couLd fee all tlle NVay ftonl SIowdeg tO Braggh-Ferry. Hcnce tlacy could 1lot be furpriled from tlle South- EalE, South\VeR, or Nolth-WeR Qlarters; tllere- fore tlley llad only chiefly the Eallern Sidcs to for tify ? and hoxv tlley 11acte dolle that, tlle Plan oftheir Camp (TAB. IX.) xvill bettel {hew than I call defcribe

Atlotllcr Reafotl fol their fixing here is very evi- dCIlt; becauCe at tlle Foot of tlle Hill, not too Ya1ds frolll wllcre thc Roman Paveme1<t was, there are tsro Spril1gs of fine clear Water, wllich, utlited for1n svhat tllcy call tlle Beck. There Sprillgs never faiS, CVC11 i[R tlle hottefi and drieA Summers (a lale thi1zg to bc nzer nvith llpOll tlle AFolds) and tilere is not anotllcr Spling withirl two Miles of tllat Placeb but xvllat is either quite dried up or greatly dimi- nithed ill a dry SeaSolz; i1afortlllch that at tllis Day, in fome ScaSo1l¢, tlze People are oblicd to drive tllcir Cattle crcral Milcs 11itller fot NVatcr.

Froln tllis Situatiotl tlleit A11ny could 1lcsrer nvatlt rrOVifiOllS, haVillD a free Conznu11icatiotl eitlcr by LaIld or \07ater, rith tl<c Southern Parts of th: ItlancS.

All tll^.t l?art of the I'la.n of the Catnp (TAB. 1X.) szzalkcd a. a. a. a. defcribes dcepNtalleys; from tlle !3oto-11 of xlvrllicll to ti<c Top of tlle Hlills arc itl gcllcral

S b l) b fronz



[ 548 ) fiotn do to ps Yards in ptrpcndicular Hci:,Zle, and the Sides are very ficcp. Al1 along the Hills fFonz Vale to Vale are Roan Works, reprctcntect ir- the Pian at b.6.b.b.; fo that Notilino cottld puEs that Way7 withotlt the IRnosvleclge and Coll- fent of the Guards. It lllult 'fio bc obfcrvcd) that,, of a]l the WorksX tllofe uardinD tlze Parts tosrard Bridlingrox are tlle fironDe0; thcy being Donl 4 to 6 Ditches tn Breadth, each-of WlliCtl arc to or ro Yards laroad.

At the Places markedZ str c*r. ill tllc \talleysX wereWatcl*Guarcls, kept to prcs?elzt ally Surp:izc, by the Enemy attemptin:, to get at tIze Statton that Way.

All thefe Works in-ctoCe 4I 8 S Acres of Ground A whence it is evidcnt here mull llave been a iarge Army. You fee in fevcral Places xvhere their Swali or ]3arrows wereX reprefented by little green Hilws.

Havirlg {hewn the Fortifications and Out*Nvorks of theCamp} Invillnoxvproste tlle Part nwithil<ti;cic on which %Delgov*tza Rood.

About halfa Milc Nortll-Ea c3f vMiZligton, on tllc South Sidc of a gelltly Roping Hill, xvcre fbuad l*ctCl*t1s

Stone Fotlndations of Bui!d.inas ¢fdiffErcalt Sizs oI}t's of different Sllapes; artzonr xnthicll wvcrc fo.Rtld tcsc ral FragmeDts of Rarsn PavcmctesX Rarvvn wilesr Flues, and t\MO Raw Coins} all Ot t'5 clltef of x^-!5Xciz are reprefcnved in thcir refWcEtts?e Colours ill TAS 1X. and X. TIaclc are atl Proof; oti tltt 5LliltillS ;1>>s t-t>*.

Xoma8 Illere was-likcxitc duD tlp a Xrictc e+ a largc Stone Pillar) cBf abc>lt fix Fcct in TZ:lrIz, but Of I10 re",ular Order; whicTz? llot\vit!l!lailalilztYX rali>tlt

yct be Roma; tor NSc C.311}t filSPOIX rlwofc 115;il1rK>XY r^>.p.



w ^

1 549 "

Pcople JrO sarcll -skill d in Archite&;Sre as tize ArtAs at Rowe.

If Delgavitia (as CvwbJen hlrwrs) be dclived from the BritiMh \i70rd CDelg<we, which {ignides Statles or Heathen Gods, this Place may lay ctaim to a Title on tllat Accoullt.> much fooner tllan eitller lEe?ghton or Godmanhatn; for 11ere sras dug up -a circular Foutldation reScrnbling a Temple in all Appearance; being xvithin of 4S Feet Diatncter, and tlle founda- tion was xlear five Feet thick

S5ear to this circular Building? but South of it, were the Foundatiolls of two oblong Equare Build- ing, but with a firait EntranceX not t\^ro Fcet wideX whercin I app-rehend tbey put in -the Fuel and Fire for rlleir Sacrifices; there beillg evident Malks of burning upon the StonesX tlley beirug almoll bllrnt thro': Moreover, in digging in the middle of thefe two Buildings, we found about half a Yard thick of Affies, wherein xvere fome few fmall Pieces of BTood, Fuel, and Pieces of Brute-Bones, chiefly burntX and a great Part of aru Horrl of a large Deer, whicll I llOW have by nze.

Ealt of theSe svere laid opcn the Foundations of atlotner C4uare Building, wllerein we found tlle Pave- ]C$lTSJ Coirls, Oc. as are here tcpre<ented in TAB.

.

The Situatioll of tllefe Buildings was very lErorlg? being guatded on ttze Sout;u-Eall and North-Eaflc by < deep ValeX the S.des of sarhiclu are vcry lleep.

Flolll svhat has bcen faid, I think tllere ls nothing Waliting nO&t to pvove thls to have been the ;elbJo-

sitiv, lout to rcconcile the Dillance as metltion'd in tlle ltiabirart.

. . . _

Bbbb z

Ftorn



[ 55° ] Pronl E6vr4a;</^n to ;:yDer?>evtio ffi64 9@ VIt.

from i:Z)ert¢t/tia to iSDeIgovitia M. P. Xlir. v

Total M. MP. XX. d4_

I had thc Road rricafiured from rork to the circular Building or Temple7 and tllc Partictllars were as folX lows; qviz.

Miles. Yards. From rOrk tO Stamford-Bridge, or SDer-7"

sentio, WC1C -- _ _ 3 7 ISA From Stamford-Bridge -to the firR lSegin- t

ning of tlle Roman Works, 9 " § 7 209 Trom the firft Barrier to thc circular Foun-?

dation, . , " " < _ S 3 X 3 - From the Tenlple to the EaPc Side of the 7

Works is | ,¢ 2 0

__

Total I 7w Ss

This, tho' not exaEtly tile fame DiRance mention'd in the Itinerary, is yer nearer it rllan either Londes° bxrgh, AYeighton, or God7xanham; for I>onaJes6grgh is five computed Miles farther tllan this Place; alld if weadd I Mile alldahalfmore (tlleyingelleral meafuring one Third nzore than con1puted at}, then it s7i.11 be aboue 6 Miles and a half; xvhich, added tO I7 Miles and a Quarte1, will tnake bov desbgrgh to be 23 Milcs and thrce (Quarters frou Zork; which differs naore fiona thz ltinerary tllall the Place where I fuppofe the iDelXo7vitva to have been. Botla GodmanDvtn and Ateighron arc llill farther of, the lal3c being 3 computed Miles from Lon-

desbargh >



[ 551 7 dd .>Ewrg/.X; an9 iS it tacatures one Third nzore, tllcil ie Wisi uniQUnt tO 4 l1ilCS and a half; whicn, added tO 23 Miles and threc tuarters, ill make thc Dif- tallCC betWrixt Ebvrvrgm and Aheighton, by Derzen- tin alld JEoBdesbgrgh, to be 28 iles one tuarter.

I tilink tlwis littlc Va1^iation Exom the Itinerary not to be an Ar:,urncllt llrong enourll to prove this Place not to 11ave bccn the iDevgovitia, whcn put tll Competition y1tll tlle Sltuatioll, eir. WlliCll at one XJieNv both of tltc ANap arwct Plan svill appear; corafidering at the fantle tiX3i5^e, tl52t the Proportioll be- twixt the Rotnan lVrli;/ld rPvggagat and OU1^ A{iles Is

nearly as I9 tO 2I. Froln x^7hat I llave faid, I tllillk it is evidcnt, that

neitller JEeighron, Godvmanharx, llor Ladesb¢rgh, fRand wher4c fDelgovitia wras. I have ill the firR Place {hesvll tllc Plobability of tllis Place near Mil- lzngros beint, rllc Station, from thc known Pruclence of tlle Romans, becauSe one Set of Men could de- fcnd the wllole four Paffes;-which could not have bcen dolle, had they been placed at PKeightox, Gadmanharn, or LandeJbrgh.

Serondly, I llase thewn, that, from the very SitW-

ation and Ntature of the Country, there requircd but littlc Art to make their Camp, at that time, almoPs imprebonable; the Valleys in general being from 6e tO 90 Yalds decp, and the Sicies thereof very Eeep.

Skirdly, That from this Canap and Londesbgrgh tlley mit,ht fce the whole Country from the Hem- btr on the South-EaR, up the Vale of rork c)n the \Mcft towards thc N7orth-Well Side; rO that tlO Arnay could furprifc them that \&7a).

FoxrthZy, 8



E st ]

Forthly, That tlley conId a1 .stax7s ha =< a f aS- ficient (tantity of Provifions, and nser want NVarcr? even ill vlle llotteR Sumnzers. And,

FzfthZy, That tllere has been a Roalan Station hele, as is evident from tlle lBoman Pa ernentw Coins, Tiles, atld Foundations of the Suins :- And iS the Rom6ans had 11ad a Station at AlZeightoa) Gad{;Eva;a- ham) or Londesbrgh, they xvoulul fcarcc has-c ilad one fO rleat^ the othcr.

All thefe Tllings concur in pros!ing tllis to bc tilw Site of iDelgositia; alad there is or carl be no Argt- ment brouDht agairlLl it; cxccpt tizatv by the Itzserary, the DiRance fronz E60racn by cDerventio, is fet dox^n at XX H. EP. and by our Meafure the Di(tallce from rcrk tO the circular Foundatiorl, in the Camp, is only 7 *Nliles, one Quarter, and s S Yards ; fo that tllere is above tWO uleafur'd Miles and olle half Dif- ference. In AnDsrer to this, I fay, May not the ItiS nerarJv be as wrong hcre as in fome otller Places; which is vcry evident in fcveral In{lances > And as it is wrong ill fiome othcrs, I doubt not but it 2nay be fo in tllis: Befides, the Romans nlit,ht cnilculate from the Center of rork; and this l?2LCn-Llt&tiOn on§y goc.s from the Bar at tYalzngate to tac cireular ou11tSation

in the Ronag -Camp. BUt l.ppoElw: tne ltin/;r?ry to bc exaEtly right, yer, wlnclo tt' Ditrerencc beroZixt

the Romoz¢ AIil. rPaJ: and our Mfiilcs is caTcl-aeed3 I believe it wrill cud a11 Difputes ofil that Scorc.



[ 553 21

< XppClltliX t0 tis)e fiaregoinifr >a/ver, 6y AEr. Fr. L)lakc J+: e. .S'.

tt I.ME, wilicil f.lbvrr3 atlbl PcAroys tlle gre.lteft Works .]L of J\tanlein(l, ]j.lt'l an ccltl.l lsr()T)rty ol bringing

TllilSoS tO l.iollt. 1 llt 1JELCJOVIR1s1S of tlle Xomans in tllis Country, fo 1ong Cotlt,llt after by (anambScn, .lnd otiler Wliters) .lS wcJl as loyStlf, is at Icngtll elifcoverQl fo far, tl<at ttutre is no nte(t of zlny tnore C5onjdttll^e tII)ollt it.

Being intormed, in thz Ycar I745) -of fom ltaman Cu- riofities found in a tielcl 1lear Millintfton, on the lLolds, Dr. Burton of York an(l tnyftJf fct out to furvey them. On our coming to tlle llaceZ, an intelligent CoL1ntryman an(l his Fathcr con(ludRe(l tls to a l.lrge plain Field, on the South Siele of Millin;ton Woo(l, where we were ihewed feveral I2otln(latio;s of l3tlildings under Ground, on tlle very Stones of whic}w the alopaletlt Marks of l85ire may be traced. tRwO EaGes of Pillars, of an irregular Order, and a large Piece of a (olum3z, were AlrO diScover'(l; Several Pieces of ttINe]ated I'avements, Roman Bricks, ttilcEs, (5:c. were dLlg up. The F-ather to]ti us, that, abotlt 40 Years before, he faw the Ioun- (qations of a circtllar Buildint,, abotlt fifteen Yards Diameter, (lug up in tllis Place; wilicl1 muit have been vlle VeItiges of rOllle cfrrIes Or 1>elllple: rrll.t it had been the Ctlftom for the Inlaabitants of their Xrillage, Time out of Mind, to dig for Stones in this Grotlnd wllen they wanted; and tilat tiley

mtlR often do, in a COUntl ST a]moi:t clear of fuch Materials 'fhe Chulcll of Millingtor itSelf feems to have been built out of tlle Ruins of tllis antient Roxnan Station.

'1 Izat tliS W2S really the DELGOVITIA fo long fought af- tears I tllink, is beyond ContracliEtion. The Di{lance from Cark coincides very juRly with tlle Itinerary; nineteen or twenty I/aglian Miles agrees pretty well with our patWent Computation; and at the fame time points out the true military-Way from the llgnfJer to Lork. InRead offorcing a Road tlrough the Vale, tlle Romans very wifely cllofe to

nl()tl.nt



[ 55Aq ] naount thc l-lills as fotBn as )oSll!c; .a1l(! tXerc:0orr (iit C><5tel

tlleir Stratum from .2<ork to tll I orel, ov(r tlle ltiver I)fr-

went at Szainfordbur<e,; an(l {rom tlltsnc ill a (lirctt lJint to

Garrosby llill; WlliCIl I talee to be cortllptc(l frotll J]vr- rowby, nzany of tholc fumuli ol INarraws lting ncotr tlai. Place. On the Top oftllis Motlzltai<, as I tnay well Ccill

itX tilotigil tlle Road ttlrlls ut) it by an t;tjy 23f(elat, bet,in.s a Series of filcll cnornzotls M2orks for lortificatitll) as tile likc is not to be met witll in tllC WilUlC IllAncl.

'rluis ltoad on the Stlmrzit of tlle I Iill itl a {Irait Line points direz'lly for Sgreby or Burlirgton-ISy, tht5IDJUS

S A L U T A R I S of Pzolevay. But another lloaci to rllc X iftllt takes a diSerent COUICC, anTl COXR1CS *lown to tlze Ituin<s I have before mentioned. Frotn thence tl e ltoa(l leads tlireEl-ly to Londesburg, the Place wllicll I QI1CC thouglat tlae Stieion fought for: It pafl^es tllro' Lord Barlington'.s l'arIe) w;]el e more of it was laid opell iaI:t Year tllan I 11ae1 btfore fe (n,, in wiclening tlle large ancl noble C.lnal in that Inclolule. tISIlis Place was l)efore a MoraSs, and tlle Ronsans were obligecl to force a Way tllrc)ugh it) WJliCII iS Civgtit YAIdS

broadX and laid witll Stone e(lgeways to a grtslt lDepehe TIle Road pafl: cd up tlle l-1ill on the otller Sitic tllis mal^!lny lUate, anel divieled into tWO t3ranchcs on tlle Tol) of it; one Way pointing througll Meig-hton to lNrou<gh on tlaf Hussber, and the other by the Eait ELnd of Goclmondhclm dil*C&-tly tor Beverley; which nomr I anz convince(l alfio was 11C PE TVARIA of Ptoless. From whLch laR Station iL

naull 11slve go1ze out di;CEtly for Pagtriszgron or Spmrelhead; one of Wl}1CI1 was certainly tlle Roma1 1' R A E T O R I V M mentionsd as the laR Stage in the firll itilaerary 8totlte of ffrltonings.

Tllis Sca-Port muR be vWry conamotlious to tOUC]l ac citile1 going or returl il g frotll Gl, or ttwe Belgiv COO.-(t#8) an(l bringing military Xtores, Sc. flcjm tRence, either to Bork or Malton; to which la4*l FI-.cc ti e CAMOLV1)ONV]zR of Ptolemy) allotller Koad btancia-s oll. toDarel-ltiy f.sntna the ConjtlnEtion on tllc trot+) of G8rRGWSS A1El/) allet 1C(RCJ,S

direAly to itx ISLlt to rctwt) trJ (i>t'fl16 ; ........................ )zLC;05r4' §t ...... +* l



[ 555 g Tlle sitllation! of rllis Place is acIIlliral)le, and tllc upen-

d(lus Worls abotlt its tllrowll Up for ;l I)etcnce to tlliS Sta-

tion and tlle fevcsr.ll gr;lll(l lloads nc.ll its arc tlOt to be de- fcrilred. llle lown it<lf was p],lc(d (n a I)eclivity of a I lil!, aImoR ftlll Sotltl; and vely IlC.ll it:S lttlinS .Irifc fonle rapict Srinvs of excellt nt Watcr; .lnl Jo Coiliou) asX wllen joined in one Stre;lnl, ttllns a Mill; fronl wllicll I fiII)porc tlleNallleofMi'llingzonl<asproceecletl. lnllclowas alSO jiAttly eliScover d a NN cil above a ;Milt E. X S. from t11eSe Sprins, dug thro' tile folid Roc]<,tI5we-nty-fi1x Wtartis deep, which muR leave beel1 a Roman Work.

To the South-NEleR there are no Ralllparts thrown up; btit to the EaR, North EaR, anel due North, tlae whole CSountry ls full of tlaen1. The Vales areX all ot them gtiarded by finall Encamptalents at their Anglcs; tl1e Ve(tiges of the Barracks, now viE]ble, arc callccl by tie Country People tlle Ca2oxps. Thefe were to )reveI1t aIly ftidden Surprize til.lt Way. On tlue I-lills, fro1n Aiale to Vale, fome of wl1ictl are fion1 60 to go Yarcis cIccEz) allel prodigious Reep are thrown *lp Works) as ltatazIr.llwts, 1z Yards broad, and proportionably higll, YV0liC}l jOill in rigl3t

Angles witil tile Vallies, and irvcs1s a {Erong I3arriel every- whele. Whether tl1ey l<acl any PatiE.l(loes UpOll tiletTl iS uncertain: but witilolit tilem tl1ey are capable of Ropt)int an Enemy; whicil they llad CauCc to be apprellcnfive °tr by its Neigl1bourhood to tile German Ocean, froin svileslce the Saxons gave tllenz many Alarms.

Dr. Burton was at the ikLxpcnce to Ilave tlae Wllole of ellefe Works meaSur'd and plann'd out; a Map of w}1ich llas been exhibited to the Society (feeTAs. IX.); btit7 upotimy {hewing a correA Copy of the Draught to Lord B2rltagton) 11is Lord thip ordersd me to get the Survty of tile Moad leacting frotn thence througil his 13ark at tondesbxrgh to the I)ivifiv 1 into two added to the former Plan; by wilif ll a cO,rc of folue

Cccc lwitl¢9t



17 556 ] Miles, ancl many Thoufands more Acres on both Sides thc Road arc givcn.

F. Drakce

XXIV. SLezterfromAlr.Jofeph AmesF.R.S. sndZ Secr. of the Soc. Antiquar. to C. More timer M. D. Secr. R. Sb concer7fig a PlicsL Polonica.

Cood Sir, t2d May 28 zU1![E tbe a2dX I 746, inl the Morllill '747 J Mrs. Hvnnah C'ooznes, a neat old

WomanX svllofe Hair (or cPAica CPolonica, as it is call il) I thew'd tllc Soriety laR zh?ryday, camc and gave me tlle follcowing Infornzations.

That {he was of a gcntccl Faulily in Stagord/hire who had fuff*crd mucll in the Civil Wars; alld tllat luer Motllcr had hcr Hair grow in the fame mallrlxrX whofe Maiden Name was Alice Gold/^nith; but 11cr oxarn A4aiden Name was Hannah B?nby, born in tlc Hay-marlrer, in the ParilE of AWh;te-Cihapel alld bap tized at vfldgte on a .Satgrday the of /ne, t 64S. Her Motller, havin^, filch fort of Hair, uled tc) conlb hcrs mucll to prcvcnt itX till fomctinzcs the Blootl Calllc: Whcn Ille saras about I Years old {lAe per- ceiscul it tc) grow tllick juflc about the ltaclr Part of 11cr Hcad, and at lelagtll grew to tllis lloatted lollt, -SubRancc I now faw it) of 109 Inclles lon;,. Slle

lays

17 556 ] Miles, ancl many Thoufands more Acres on both Sides thc Road arc givcn.

F. Drakce

XXIV. SLezterfromAlr.Jofeph AmesF.R.S. sndZ Secr. of the Soc. Antiquar. to C. More timer M. D. Secr. R. Sb concer7fig a PlicsL Polonica.

Cood Sir, t2d May 28 zU1![E tbe a2dX I 746, inl the Morllill '747 J Mrs. Hvnnah C'ooznes, a neat old

WomanX svllofe Hair (or cPAica CPolonica, as it is call il) I thew'd tllc Soriety laR zh?ryday, camc and gave me tlle follcowing Infornzations.

That {he was of a gcntccl Faulily in Stagord/hire who had fuff*crd mucll in the Civil Wars; alld tllat luer Motllcr had hcr Hair grow in the fame mallrlxrX whofe Maiden Name was Alice Gold/^nith; but 11cr oxarn A4aiden Name was Hannah B?nby, born in tlc Hay-marlrer, in the ParilE of AWh;te-Cihapel alld bap tized at vfldgte on a .Satgrday the of /ne, t 64S. Her Motller, havin^, filch fort of Hair, uled tc) conlb hcrs mucll to prcvcnt itX till fomctinzcs the Blootl Calllc: Whcn Ille saras about I Years old {lAe per- ceiscul it tc) grow tllick juflc about the ltaclr Part of 11cr Hcad, and at lelagtll grew to tllis lloatted lollt, -SubRancc I now faw it) of 109 Inclles lon;,. Slle

lays



a dissertation on the situation of the ancient roman station of delgovitia in yorkshire; by john...

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