a dream realized: arkansas society for crippled children

A Dream Realized: Arkansas Society for Crippled ChildrenAuthor(s): Clyde MartinSource: The Arkansas Historical Quarterly, Vol. 5, No. 4 (Winter, 1946), pp. 359-372Published by: Arkansas Historical AssociationStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40018313 .

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A DREAM REALIZED- ARKANSAS SOCIETY FOR CRIPPLED CHILDREN

By Clyde Martin1 Pine Bluff, Arkansas

The Arkansas Society for Crippled Children, the organization that sparked the movement twenty years ago that has given this state one of its most far-reaching humani- tarian activities, like all great movements was started and developed around a personality.

It was in 1925 that an idea that had been crystalizing into a dream for Mrs. Bess Downs Jenkins, of Pine Bluff, wife of a surgeon whose chief interest was healing crippled bodies, began taking definite form.

Because she was deeply interested in the work which took such a large part of the thoughts of her husband, Dr. John S. Jenkins, she began to see more plainly the need in Arkansas for a program for the care and education of crippled children.

Like all leaders who accomplish things, Mrs. Jenkins, a born organizer, began setting the stage to make her dream come true. She enlisted the aid of the Pine Bluff Federa- tion of Women's Clubs, long recognized as one of the most active groups in Arkansas, and when this group agreed to act as sponsors, the first meeting a statewide conference was called in Pine Bluff on November 8-9, 1926.

Through her contacts with club work and her acquaint- ance with friends of her husband and her late father, Cap- tain Matt Downs, veteran Arkansas river steamboat man, she was able to get over a part of her message in a manner that brought three hundred people to Pine Bluff for that first meeting.

iClyde Martin associated with the news staff of the Pine Bluff Commercial in 1927. He covered stories for the Arkansas Society for Crippled Children and con- tinues to write about its activities. He is a member of the Board.



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She presented to the group her findings as to the plight of the Crippled Child in Arkansas in 1926. At that time very little was known about the cripple, the great numbers existing in Arkansas, about their problems and various needs, but she had assembled a sufficient amount of true information that when presented, the group was "sold" on her idea . . . her dream.

Edgar F. (Daddy) Allen, of Elyria, Ohio, founder of crippled children's work in this country and president of the International Society for Crippled Children, was notified of the Pine Bluff meeting by Mrs. Jenkins and he came to Pine Bluff at his own expense to aid in the formation of the Arkansas organization.

Throughout the years that he lived, "Daddy" Allen took a personal interest in the Arkansas Society and made several visits to the state to advise with Mrs. Jenkins and the splendid group she had "sold" on her idea - he was an invaluable aid.

As long as "Daddy" Allen was head of the Interna- tional Society it went forward and carried on the great work for which it was intended when it was founded.

Mrs. Jenkins credits "Daddy" Allen with providing a large part of the inspiration that made it possible to set the wheels in motion and give the Arkansas Society the impetus which carried it on and on toward its goal.

But while Mrs. Jenkins gave "Daddy" Allen credit for providing so much of the inspiration, and no doubt he did just that, on his last visit to Pine Bluff when talking with the writer of this story, Mr. Allen said in substance that his first contact with Mrs. Jenkins was one of his most valuable experiences, as he received new strength for his life work from this woman whose dream was about to become a reality.

The Arkansas Society for Crippled Children came into being in Pine Bluff, at Hotel Pines, on November 9, 1926, just twenty years ago.

Officers were elected and directors named but the actual organization of the state as a whole did not begin until the following year.



SOCIETY FOR CRIPPLED CHILDREN ~gj

Loui (cq) Garrett, secretary of the Arkansas Power and Light Co., and the father of aviation in Pine Bluff (founder of Toney Field) was the first president.

Milton Nobles, Hot Springs, Congressman Brooks Hays, Little Rock, Hamilton Moses of Little Rock and the late Mrs. W. D. (Emma Clayton) Jones, Pine Bluff's only woman postmaster and leader in welfare and club work, were the vice-presidents.

Jules T. Borresen, a native of France and for many years a leader in business and civic circles, was treasurer, and Mrs. Jenkins, executive secretary, a position she has held for twenty years without financial reward.

At the first meeting a number of well known Ar- kansans, including the following who are now deceased, were present : Harvey C. Couch, R. Carnahan, C. K. Elliott, E. W. Freeman, Charles E. Taylor, ( former mayor of Little Rock), C. A. Dunning, L. F. Bellingrath, County Judge R. H. Williams, Mrs. J. A. McLeod, Mrs. Walter C. Hud- son, Mrs. W. D. Jones, Mrs. Alex Rowell, Mrs. Cora Gil- lespie, Dr. Lillian G. Higinbotham, Pinchback Taylor, E. B. Bloom, F. L. Dilley, Mrs. J. F. Mullins, Allen Orto, Mrs. A. A. Garrett, Mrs. Harry Hanf, E. A. Howell and Simon Boom, both former mayors of Pine Bluff, Dr. C. A. Hard- esty, Dr. A. E. Chace.

Among the list of members and contributors were : the late Governors Thomas C. McRae and Harvey Parnell, George B. Rose, Dr. William R. Bathurst, John T. Logan, John F. Boyle, Cecil Shane, C. J. Griffith, W. C. Rabenack, Roy Thompson, F. W. Allsop, Mrs. J. R. Gannaway and hundreds of others.

The group also included Al G. Whidden, Lev Flour- noy, Walter H. Adams, Edgar B. Chestnutt and John Fletcher, all prominent in Arkansas newspaper circles. Mr. Whidden, then public relations director for Arkansas Power and Light Company, now is temporarily residing in War- rington, Florida. Mr. Flournoy, then with the Pine Bluff Graphic, now is in public relations work in Toledo, Ohio. Mr. Adams who had been with the Graphic and later operated a printing and lithographing plant in Pine Bluff, now



~g2 ARKANSAS HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

has a large plant in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Mr. Chest- nutt, then a young reporter for the Graphic, later editor of Graphic and editor of Sunday Magazine, Arkansas Gazette, is now public relations director for Arkansas Power and Light Co. Mr. Fletcher, then editor of the Pine Bluff Commercial, now is with the Arkansas Gazette. The late E. W. Freeman, head of the Pine Bluff Commercial, and George H. Adams, head of the Graphic also were present.

Others present included the following Pine Bluffians who are still identified with the Society today. Walter N. Trulock, Captain William Nichol, Walter C. Hudson, Felix Smart, Edgar McFadden, Mrs, Ethel Smart, Senator Sam Levine, Mrs. John Mills, Jim McLellan, Jules T. Borresen, Loui (cq) Garrett, A. W. Lehman, veteran labor leader now nearly 86, E. T. Miller, Kemp Toney, Dr. Jenk- ins, Leo M. Andrews, Mrs. E. R. Norton, Mrs. Preston Castleberry, Mrs. Eretta K. Butts Adkins, Mrs. C. E. Phil- pot, Mrs. Jay Levine, Mrs. W. G. Key, Mrs. W. J. Miller, Mrs. Ida Toney, Mrs. William Rosenzweig, Mrs. C. S. Williamson, Mrs. B. L. Willey, Mrs. A. G. Wheeler, Mrs. Charles Levy, J. L. Longino, Charles L. White, Henry Bernath.

That first roster looked like a "Who's Who of Arkan- sas" and hundreds who could not attend that preliminary organization meeting advised Mrs. Jenkins by letter, tele- phone and otherwise that she could count on them.

As has been said before, the stage was set for Arkansas' great work in the interest of the crippled child on November 9, 1926.

At that first meeting it was decided that the Arkansas Society for Crippled Children was not to be a child-caring agency in the sense that this term is usually interpreted. It was not to be a relief organization in the generally accepted sense. It was not to be a propaganda organization for any institution. But it did have as its purpose caring for children when it was found necessary; giving relief if possible, and of educating the people as to the needs of the crippled child.

The fundamental work of the Arkansas Society for



SOCIETY FOR CRIPPLED CHILDREN ~g~

Crippled Children was research, promotional and educational activities in the interest of the crippled child in Arkansas.

When Mrs. Jenkins started bringing the plight of the crippled child before the people of Arkansas very little was known about such children or the great numbers of them existing throughout the state, and about their problems and their various and many needs.

True, an occasional crippled child was found and taken to a doctor and a hospital for surgery, but these were exceptions rather than the established rule. The plight of many of the little unfortunates was hidden by parents. The citizens of Arkansas were not conscious of the need . . . the tremendous need for something to be done and were not, therefore, very greatly interested. Interest had to be created and aroused. This was no small undertaking.

Without funds and with nothing but inspiration (and hundreds of Arkansas born children who could not then but now do walk, thank God that there was an abundance of inspiration in the big heart of Mrs. Bess Downs Jenkins) and faith and enthusiasm in so great a cause, the work was started.

Of course, there were others who had a part in this setting off of the spark, dozens, in fact hundreds of them, but Mrs. Jenkins was the ' "Wheel-horse" who started the pulling, the "quarter-back" who called the signals, the "general" who gave the "charge" order - if one may mix one's figures of speech.

In 1927, the Arkansas Society for Crippled Children began setting up its state organization, organizing county by county, until sixty of the state's seventy-five counties were in the organization.

That same year, with the aid of leaders in the various counties, the Society's first statewide diagnostic clinic service for crippled children was established, this followed a statewide survey to locate crippled children.

It was not long until Mrs. Jenkins and her able aides began realizing more and more that they had tackled a big job. They soon discovered about 12,000 cripples in Arkan-



^g4 ARKANSAS HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

sas who needed attention. As fast as arrangement could be completed, diagnostic clinics were held in various parts of the state.

The late Drs. Willis C. Campbell, Jos. I. Mitchell, Dr. J. S. Speed of Memphis, Dr. Guy Caldwell of New Orleans and Dr. Alphonse Meyer, many other well known orthopedic and other specialists came to Arkansas at the invita- tion of the Society and local County Medical Societies to assist in these clinics.

Joining with these busy orthopedic surgeons, who gave of their time and talent unstintingly and without any remuneration, often making trips at their own expense, were county health doctors and health nurses, other local doctors and nurses, and hundreds of individuals.

All clinics were held under the co-sponsorship of the County Medical Societies in the various counties and without exception medical society members were quick to offer their services.

After the clinics, the real difficulty of providing pre- scribed treatment began. However, this difficulty was par- tially overcome as accredited hospitals in districts close to the homes of the crippled children generously contributed a number of beds for use of the Society. Surgeons donated their skill to those who could be benefitted and cured of their deformities.

Throughout these first years and even to this good day, Mrs. Jenkins gives her full time to the work of the Society as its executive secretary without salary. Some money came in regularly from people who had become interested in the program, but there was always a place for this money.

Some of Mrs. Jenkins' friends are sure that at times, in fact many times, her household money was made short when she found that the Society's treasury was depleted and certain items just had to be paid. Folk who have had experience in trying to educate the public know that stamps and stationery and typewriter ribbons, do cost money.

In 1928, the Society made a study and laid plans for a legislative program for crippled children. The following



SOCIETY FOR CRIPPLED CHILDREN ~g,-

year the Society sponsored legislation which established a complete state's program providing treatment, beside instruction in hospitals and homes, hospitalization, convales- cent care, education in schools and classes, occupation and vocational training.

It was a great day, Mrs. Jenkins thought, when the bill was passed, but it was not such a great day because the legislature adjourned without making any appropriation for carrying out the terms of the bill.

However, the Arkansas Society for Crippled Children did not give up. Interest in the work was growing and more money was coming in for the work. Active financial assistance was provided by the Society for a Commission created by law, and Arkansas' new law was not entirely without value.

Members of the Arkansas Crippled Children's Com- mission, the first legal agency charged with responsibility of aiding the state's crippled children were : the late Gustave Jones, of Newport, prominent attorney, chairman; Mrs. W. D. Jones, one of the first Society vice-presidents, vice- chairman; Mrs. J. B. Clark, of Blytheville, well known in women's clubs and patriotic organizations in Arkansas; Dr. F. Walter Carruthers, prominent orthopedic surgeon, and A. S. Ross, state civilian rehabilitation department, both of Little Rock, members.

Mrs. Jenkins was appointed executive secretary of the Commission and served the state in this capacity, without remuneration, from 1929 until the Act was repealed to make way for the present Crippled Children's Division of the State Welfare Department.

In 193 1 the legislature at the urgent request of the Arkansas Society for Crippled Children made a small appropriation to maintain the program of the new State Crip- pled Children's Commission, but the Society found it necessary to continue providing the major portion of the funds for the state commission.

In 1932, the Society carried on clinics and other services and provided hospitalization and treatments for crippled children in various counties in the state, continuing this



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work in 1933. The accomplishments during those first six years were

many. All over Arkansas, and in many other states, are boys and girls who walk with erect stature today because Mrs. Jenkins had that dream back in 1925. There were boys who served with distinction in World War II, and girls too, for that matter, whose bodies met the specif cations of their nation's armed forces because Arkansas has the Arkansas Society for Crippled Children.

You'd never guess that some of these fine young people ... an official of a great oil company, a teacher in a great school, a leading surgeon in a large city, and dozens and dozens of others including officers and enlisted men in our armed forces in the recent war, formerly had crooked and bent limbs and bodies. It would take a separate story to deal with the "Fruits From the Orchard of the Arkansas Society for Crippled Children".

It was in 1934 that the Arkansas Society for Crippled Children sponsored the first sale of Easter Seals for Crip- pled Children successfully.

In 1934 the people of Arkansas were asked to, and generously contributed to the Warm Springs Foundation as a tribute to our late President Roosevelt and the Society helped in this project.

It also was in 1934 that the Federal Social Security Act provided funds to states for crippled children's services. The Society also played its part in seeing that these services were brought to Arkansas.

Arkansas had a legal, functioning agency to handle this work in the State Crippled Children's Commission, a non-

political commission, but it was abolished when Act 356 of 1929 which established it was repealed and a state welfare department with a crippled children's division was set up under a new act. This occured in 1935. The educational

program provided for in Act 356 was repealed. Realizing that correction of disabilities without educa-

tion and training does not provide a well-rounded service

program necessary to the welfare of crippled children, the Society then began a concentrated effort toward providing



SOCIETY FOR CRIPPLED CHILDREN ~g^

education for as many crippled children as possible. The first school, and it was not called a Crippled

Children's School, but the "Sunshine School", was established in 1937. Mrs. Carl Rutledge, a competent teacher who long had been interested in the work of the Society, was employed and the first school was opened in a little building on the grounds at Pine Bluff's Lakeside school. Later the school was moved to the Rutledge home where it was operated until 1946 when something really fine happened, but more about that later.

During the years that have followed many children have climbed the steps of opportunity offered by the "Sun- shine School" to positions of responsibility. Hundreds of children have been helped and many children, given up as hopeless, through the ever constant effort in their behalf have grown into manhood and womanhood as self-sustaining citizens, able to do their part in financing the great work of the Arkansas Society for Crippled Children if the need were presented.

The Society continued to sponsor the sale of Easter Seals for Crippled Children until 1944 when it was decided to sever its affiliation with the National Society for Crippled Children.

In 1 94 1 and 1943, the Society sponsored legislation for education and training of crippled children but both bills died in committees.

During these years the "Sunshine School' continued in operation and many children were helped to become self- sustaining citizens.

Several years ago Mrs. Jenkins and other members of her organization began taking special interest in cerebral palsied, or birth injured children, commonly known as spastics. After a study of this important phase of the work the Society evolved a definite program which provides training and education for spastics, rather than surgery.

Dr. Earl Carlson, himself a spastic and probably the best informed man on the subject in the world, came to Arkansas in April, 1946, and under the sponsorship of the Society and the Arkansas Medical School took the lead in



~gg ARKANSAS HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

conducting a clinic for spastics at the University Hospital in Little Rock.

Following this arrangements were made to have regu- lar monthly treatment-clinics when not only treatment is given each child but parents are given instruction in co- operation home treatment until time to return to the clinic.

Children came from many sections of the state. A record is kept of each child showing improvement, month- by-month. In the short time the clinic has been in operation many children have been helped and several who had not walked before can now do so with some degree of comfort.

Pioneering is never easy. Pioneering in the crippled child's work, even though the crippled child has a strong heart appeal has not been easy in Arkansas. Despite this strong appeal there have been many persons in Arkansas who have opposed anything being done for the crippled. There were heartaches and near heartbreaks all the way, but the vision of relief and rehabilitation for helpless little crippled children always overbalanced the difficulties in the way and the guiding star of faith and hope has carried Mrs. Jenkins and her associates over a twenty-year road, just as the Star of Bethlehem brought the Wise Men to the little child who became a Healer of the halt, the lame, the blind nealy 2,000 years ago.

The people of Arkansas, generally, have an under- standing of the problems of the handicapped that they did not have previously. There is, because of a foundation carefully built, a service in our state that has brought, is bringing and will continue to bring relief to untold hundreds.

Throughout the two decades the Arkansas Society for Crippled Children has functioned, one of the sources of in- come came in contributions sent by loving friends after a death "in memory of the departed". Each year at the So- ciety's annual meeting a memorial services is held when all of those so honored receive tribute at the hands of the Society's members in a special program.

During World War II there were a number of such gifts received from friends of young Americans who lost their lives on the battlefields all over the world.



SOCIETY FOR CRIPPLED CHILDREN ~gg

Mrs. Jenkins and her co-workers decided that these funds should be used as a lasting memorial - that would go on and on down through the years - so it was decided that two scholarships would be created at the University of Arkansas for handicapped students. These Memorial Scholarships are awarded each year.

A few paragraphs previously mentioned was made of "something really fine happening" for the "Sunshine School". "Something Fine" had been happening for the "Sunshine School" for several years because the approxi- mately one hundred young women who make up Pine Bluff's Junior Auxiliary had been interested themselves as individuals and as a group in the school. But the "big thing" happened in 1946 when Mrs. R. M. (Zetta Cargill) Brunet became president of the Auxiliary and after conferring with her girls in the Auxiliary decided that the "Sunshine School" would be their 1946 project. They wanted to establish a permanent building to house the school, a building that would be adequate, and they set about to find ways and means to do just that. Dr. Sorrels Dewoody, husband of one of the Auxiliary girls, gave them a nice building lot. Some weeks later the City of Pine Bluff decided to open a new street. There was in the path of the street a large frame residence. It had to be moved and naturally the city had to arrange to pay the owner for it. Mrs. Brunet and her group heard about this. They approached the city council and after a conference, or maybe two conferences, the building was theirs. But it had to be movel, so they set about trying to get it to the lot that Mr. Dewoody had so generously given them. The lot was too far from the building, and the street arrangement made it impractical to try to move it so far, but the Auxiliary was not stumped. A few weeks later they acquired a large lot on the corner of Eighth and Cherry Streets by outright purchase. Then they did some more conferring and with the assistance of Jef- ferson County's Judge Wiley C. Rountree, and his road crews the house was moved over intervening streets to its new site.

Mrs. Brunet and her group saw that it was going to



~jQ ARKANSAS HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

take a lot of money to get the house in shape as the "Sun- shine School", and they did not want to cash the War Bonds they had acquired during the several war loan campaigns. Instead of that they held an air show - Pine Bluff's First Annual Air Show and Races - at Grider Field on Sunday, August 4.

The air show attracted fully 5,000 people. The girls made a nice profit out of it and in addition gave to Pine Bluff and Southeast Arkansas something that will make it necessary to have an air show every year in the future. The people like it. Experts said it was even better than a statewide air show held in Little Rock some weeks previously. Returning Army and Navy fliers pronounced it the best they'd ever seen. It was a success, the Auxiliary girls got the money they needed, and the "Sunshine School" began its 1946-47 term in the new home.

Lots adjoining the school property were acquired by the Arkansas Society for Crippled Children and its is hoped that next year there will be constructed on those lots a rehabilitation center for the care and treatment of crippled children.

The preceding paragraphs have just hit the "high spots" in the story of the Arkansas Society for Crippled Children's first twenty years, but one can get the general idea of the progress made in two decades.

Many honors have come to Mrs. Jenkins during the years that have followed 1926. In 1929, the Society's executive secretary, and Loui (cq) Garrett, the first president, were selected as the outstanding woman and outstanding man, respectively, of Pine Bluff. The story has been told far and wide, in city newspapers, country weekly, magazines and digests. Her home folk have honored her in various ways, but her greatest joy has come from letters and personal interviews from those young men and women who are strong today because Mrs Bess Downs Jenkins had a dream. Because of her achievements, Holland's Magazine gave Pine Bluff an award of merit for outstanding services to crippled children. It was in 1946 - June 17 - that she received national recognition when Morton



SOCIETY FOR CRIPPLED CHILDREN ^71

Downey on his "Coke Club" program, broadcast a tribute to her as a "Big Little American" a broadcast - coast-to- coast - over the Mutual network.

Following the broadcast, W. A. Dunaway, salesmana- ger for the Coca-Cola Bottling Company of Southeast Arkansas, former coach of Pine Bluff's famed Zebra foot- ball team and a son of Sharp Dunaway, who is known and loved in every community in Arkansas where he's visited as a representative of the Arkansas Gazette, gave to Mrs. Jenkins the Morton Downey and Coca-Cola award, for "Unselfish Service". The Downey tribute pictured Mrs. Jenkins as a woman who had won the right to national acclaim through her efforts for the underprivileged.

"Coach" Dunaway added to the tribute, asserting that a national committee had elected "Miss Bess" for this signal honor, and declared that she merited all that Morton Downey had said about her and more.

Mayor Emmett Sanders said during the presentation, "My first desire is to compliment you, Mrs. Bess Downs Jenkins, upon this most deserved honor which has come your way, but on second thought I am compelled to congrat- ulate ourselves, the citizens of Pine Bluff, upon having such an outstanding citizen, who has performed such acts of service to reflect glory enough for all of us to share, in this your home town you love so well."

So a dream became a reality. Mrs. Bess Downs Jenkins still has her dreams. Only

the years that follow will let us know what is in store for us and for the handicapped child of Arkansas as a result of these dreams that too will become realities.

The presidents of the Society have been: Loui (cq) Garrett, the late Judge R. H. Williams, the late Gustave Jones, Herbert Parker, Reverend W. T. Holt, R. J. Rhine- hart, Colonel T. H. Barton and Dr. Pat Murphey who is now serving as president, and who is assisted by the following Board Members : Dr. E. M. Elton ; Dr. J. C. Land, H. E. Murry, Dr. C. M. Peeler, Dr. E. W. Yates, Dr. L. C. Barnes, Dr. Joe W. Reid, Dr. B. C. Clark, Dr. J. H. Hol- brook, Dr. R, V. McCray, Dr. D. W. Sloan, Dr, E. M.



0^0 ARKANSAS HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

Engram, Dr. I. N. McCollom, Dr. C. D. Tibbels, Dr. P. W. Terrentine, Dr. Don Smith, Dr. J. H. McLean, Dr. W. O. Young, Dr. T. E. Rhine, Mrs. Durward Allen, Mrs. W. C. Tindall, Elwyn Little, Birch Kirksey, George Caudel, Ben Ihle, Dr. R. E. Crigler, Dr. W. J. Ketz, Lester Mason, James B. Abraham, Dr. F. S. Tarleton, Miss Marie Stan- nus, Mrs. O. E. Westall, Leo Ray, Reverend J. Russell Cross, Dr. J. O. Rush, Mrs. J. Eddyce Knight, Paul Holmes, Jr., Dr. E. F. Ellis, Mark Breimo, J. E. Hollan, J. A. Knowles, Jr., Mrs. Mack Lester, Mrs. Marion Dickens, Mrs. J. M. Shinn, Mrs. J. L. Montgomery, Mrs. Garland Hurt, Mrs Earl Rhodes, Mrs. J. R. Holden, Colonel Adrian Williamson, Mrs. W. H. McCain, Senator John McClel- lan, Lyle Brown, Albert Alexander, F. O. Rice, Mrs. Georgia Dresen, J. A. Perdue, Garland Baker, Fred Moore, Judge Wiley Rountree, Edgar Chestnutt, Clyde Martin, Lawton Green, Clint Elliott, Mrs, Dewoody Lyle, Mrs. Ella Mills, Mrs. Frank Steele, A. A. Garrett, Sam Levine, Parker Tucker, Mrs. Water Tillman, Mrs. Ida Toney, P. D. Gathright, Mrs. Leo Bairn, Loui (cq) Garrett, R. J. Rhinehart, Mrs. Robert Brunet, Mrs. Lewis Haskins, Har- rell Dunn, Sydney Goode, Mr. and Mrs. Sorrells DeWoody.

The Arkansas Society for Crippled Children does not, and never has received any support from state or federal funds. It is supported entirely by membership dues and contributions. Since organization it has maintained head- quarters in Pine Bluff. The Society offices now are on the Fifth Floor, Simmons National Building.



a dream realized: arkansas society for crippled children

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