1

A fallen flowerReturning to the branch?

It was a butterfly.

--HAIKU POEM. Japan.by Moritake (1472-

1549),high priest of Ise

Shrine.

2

Mt. Fuji is a 10,000 year old still active volcano depicted by Artist Hokusai in the Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji (1831).

3

Japan

4

5

Utamaro. Woodblock printmaking.

SuggestionPerishabilityIrregularitySimplification

6

From the age of six I had a mania for drawing the shapes of things. When I was fifty I had published a universe of designs. but all I have done before the the age of seventy is not worth bothering with. At seventy five I'll have learned something of the

pattern of nature, of animals, of plants, of trees, birds, fish and insects. When I am eighty you will see real progress. At ninety I shall have cut my way deeply into the mystery of life itself. At a hundred I shall be a marvelous artist. At a hundred and ten everything I create; a dot, a line, will jump to

life as never before. To all of you who are going to live as long as I do, I promise to keep my word. I am writing this in my old age. I used to call myself Hokusai, but today I sign my self 'The Old Man Mad

About Drawing. -- Hokusai

Artist: Hokusai.1760-1849, Tokugawa period)

7

Perceptions

8Hokusai. Great Wave. 1823-39.

9Great Wave, reversed.

10Vincent van Gogh. Starry Night. 1889.

11

Portuguese Jesuits, merchants and African slave arrive in Japan, 1542.

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Hokusai, peasants dancing

Edgar Degas (French,19th c., Dancer

13Utamaro. Three Beauties. Cover, New Yorker magazine.

14

Seeking the TaoIn the AutumnMountains.N. Song. 10th c.By Juran.Hanging scroll,Ink on silk.

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BUDDHISM: ABOUT THE Laughing Buddha

In China he is known as "the laughing Buddha" and is usually represented as a rotund figure with a happy disposition. Originally a fertility figure, hebrought "goodies" in his bag to local townsfolk, especially children. In Japan, called Hotei, one of the seven lucky gods. Most people encounter this figure in Chinese shops and restaurants and confuse him for the historical Buddha. The common tradition is to rub his belly for good luck and prosperity, this is because his big figure is a sign of abundance.

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BUDDHISM and spread

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BUDDHISM.A world religion or philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha* and holding that a state of enlightenment can be attained by detaching oneself from worldly desires.

*Buddha: One who has awakened. Founder of Buddhism:

Siddhartha Gautama (family name) (563?-483?)

meditation--> enlightenment-->nirvana (recognize that atman and brahman are reunited in this life)

Practice:Middle Way between extremesknowledge of 4 Truths8-Fold Path (right thoughts and actions)

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EAST, Buddhism:

NirvanaMoksha: release from Maya or

Samsara (daily life, lives)

Karma: deedsDharma: the Way

Enlightenment (satori)

Emptiness

WEST, Classicism: Plato’s Allegory of the Cave

Things are not what they appear to be.

Cave: World of Illusion.

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The Four Noble Truths

1. Life is full of "suffering".2 This suffering is caused by our desires.3. There is a cure.4. The cure is the Eightfold Path.

“right”: seeing and acting in accordancewith things as they are.

enlightenment:West: cognitive knowledge,

rational understanding.East: awakening, transcendingdesires and acceptance of the waythings are.

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BUDDHISM

From HINDUISMFounder: Siddhartha Gautama ca. 500 B.C.E.

Meditation

Other forms of Buddhism:

INDIA MAHAYANA THERAVADA/ TIBET: VAJRAYANA (Great Vehicle) HINAYANA (little vehicle) skill-based method: Bodhisattva individuals must seek visualization exercises: Prayers and rituals wisdom and nirvana (Mandala) CHINA KOREA JAPAN on their own. Mostly CHINA:

Chan monks and nuns MAITREYA: JAPAN Shintoism in SE ASIA Buddha of the Future

ZEN AMITABHA: Buddhaof the Western

Paradise VAIROCHANA:

Supreme Cosmic Buddha

Dream of Maya,Birth of the Buddha

21The Buddha - biography + history

Capitals to Monumental Buddhist Pillars, 3rd c BCE

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Stupa at Sanchi, India 3rd c BCE

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Torana (gate) and Yakshi (fertility deity)

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25

Stupa of Sanchi ca. 3rd c BCE-1st c CE

EggMandala

Jakatas vs. aniconic representation

Kushan controlled Gandhara:Gandhara Style

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ShowsW->E

Greco-Roman influence.

Robes,Naturalism.

Terms:Iconography

Wavy ushnishaurna

mudra

Gandhara Mathura Style

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Gandharan: Model of a Stupa. Grey schist, 2nd c.

Prana filled Buddhaw/ ushnisha top knot

Red sandstone

Buddhist Art in India & China1st-7th centuries CE

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East-West: Architectural and Functional Similarities

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Santa Sabina, Christian Church, Rome, 423-432 CeSection + Plan: Chaitya hall,

Karli, India CE 50-70

Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra, Indialate 5th c: ca. 450-500 CE

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Ajanta Caves, late 5th c., India

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Naturalistic Ajanta murals: Prince Distributing Alms + Padmapani (Lotus Bearer).Think of : rasa

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Buddhist Expansion into China2nd-7th centuries CEVairochana Buddha

33Colossal Buddha ~40ft high, cave carving, Yungang, China, ca 450 CE Longmen, China, 6th centtury

Vairochana Buddhas.

7th c., China 49ft high

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2-5th century Bamiyan, Afghanistan.180 ft high.

Parinirvana of the Buddha, Sri Lanka, 11th-12th c. 21’ x 46’ long.

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36

Thailand: Emerald Buddha (Buddha as King) 15th c.

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USA: Nam June Paik (1932-2006)

TV Buddha, 1974

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39

Seated Buddha, Senso-ji Temple, Tokyo

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Seated Buddha.Iconography (symbolism):

Meditation: act of concentrating mind onsomething deeply and carefully.

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42

43

Tibetan Mandala

44

Map ofThailand

Kowloon urban night scene(samsara).

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Wat (temple) Si Chum, Sukhothai, Thailand.

Access to Enlightenment => on path to Nirvana

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Sukhothai BuddhaWat Si Chum, Thailand

47Giant Buddha at Sukhothai, northern Thailand.

48Nun praying next to gold-fingered Buddha.

49Rooftop view of the Buddha. Sukhothai.

50

ZEN AND BUDDHISM

Mu Ch'i "Six Persimmons" Painting Southern Song Later 13th c. Ink on paper. 14 1/4". Elemental.

OriginsHinduismBuddhism

TaoismShintoism

EssenceKoan

practice

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ZEN BUDDHISM zen (Japanese) <= ch’an (Chinese)<= India

Enlightenment sought via meditation to tap into reality by means of intuition (non-mind).Break through daily, conventional, worldly chatter (samsara)Various Devices: koans (paradoxical riddles): “What is the sound of one hand clapping?”

Bodhidharma->brought Buddhism to China,spread to Japan.Ch’an --> Zen in Japan.

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The moon

shines

without

being polished.

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Hakuin Ekaku (1865-1908), Blind Men on a Bridge. Ink on paper.

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Landscape by

Sesshu Toyo(1420-1506), Dated 1495.

Hanging scroll;Ink on paper.

Donald Keene:Characteristics of

Japanese style

SuggestionPerishabilityIrregularity

Simplification

55

Buddhist Meditation

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Tea Ceremony

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Zen: Impact on West

Zen: most popular form of Buddhism for Westerners.Mostly Unknown till modern times, ~ 50 years ago.

3 Channels:1) Western scholars: Alan Watts (Beat Zen, Square Zen)

2) American servicemen and women after WWII, 1940s+. Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Nagasaki, City Lights Bookstore,

SF

3) Arrival of Asian immigrants(Japanese Tea Garden, SF, Golden Gate Park)

Most Western Buddhist practice is meditation.Influenced NY and SF “Beat” writers, and artists.

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Once again in love

once again regrets, as fleeting

as cherry blossoms.

Ishikawa Toyonobu, 18th c.

The apparition of these faces in the crowd;

Petals on a wet, black bough.

Ezra Pound, “In a Station of the Metro.”England 1926.

Haiku and Imagist poetry. HAIKU form:3 lines:5-7-5 syllables17 syllables total (in Japanese)

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Much of admiration for Japanese art can be traced toZen influences on Japanese

Architecture, poetry, ceramics, calligraphy,

Gardening, tea ceremony, flower arrangements, crafts.

Qualities: Irregular, spontaneous, simple, suggestive :

By Isamu Noguchi

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Zen, admirable qualities:SimplicityEmptinessDirectnessnaturalnessCharacteristics of

Japanese styleSuggestion

PerishabilityIrregularity

Simplification

Meditation Gardens

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ZEN FLESH, ZEN BONES: 101 STORIES

Apperception

Self-discovered person

“A special teaching without scriptures, beyond words and letters,pointing to the mind-essence of man, seeing directly into one’s nature, attaining enlightenment.”

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1. A Cup of Tea Nan-in, a Japanese master during the Meiji era (1868-1912), received a university professor who

came to inquire about Zen.

Nan-in served tea.  He poured his visitor's cup full,

and then kept on pouring. The professor watched the overflow until he could no longer restrain himself. "It

is overfull.  No more will go in!"

"Like this cup," Nan-in said, "you are full of your own

opinions and speculations.  How can I show you Zen unless

you first empty your cup?"

ZEN FLESH, ZEN BONES: 101 STORIES

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ZEN FLESH, ZEN BONES: 101 STORIES

14. Muddy Road    Tanzan and Ekido were once traveling together

down a muddy road.  A heavy rain was still falling.  Coming around a bend, they met a lovely girl in a

silk kimono and sash, unable to cross the intersection.   "Come on girl," said Tanzan at once.  Lifting her

in his arms, he carried her over the mud.    Ekido did not speak again until that night when

they reached a lodging temple.  Then he no longer could restrain himself.  "We monks don't go near females," he told Tanzan, "especially not young and lovely ones.  It is dangerous.  Why did you do that?"   

"I left the girl there," said Tanzan.  "Are you still carrying her?"

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ZEN FLESH, ZEN BONES: 101 STORIES

18. A Parable. A man traveling across a field

encountered a tiger. He fled, the tiger after him. Coming to a precipice, he caught hold of the root of a wild vine and swung himself down over the edge. The tiger sniffed at him from above. Trembling, the man looked down to where, far below, another tiger was waiting to eat him. Only the vine sustained him.

Two mice, one white and one black, little by little started to gnaw away at the vine. The man saw a luscious strawberry near him. Grasping the vine with one hand, he plucked the strawberry with the other. How sweet it tasted!'

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ZEN FLESH, ZEN BONES: 101 STORIES

49.The Black-Nosed Buddha. A nun who was searching for enlightenment made a statue of Buddha and covered it with gold leaf. Wherever she went she carried this golden Buddha with her. Years passed and, still carrying her Buddha, the nun came to live in a small temple in a country where there were many Buddhas, each one with its own shrine. The nun wished to burn incense before her golden Buddha. Not liking the idea of the perfume straying to the others, she devised a funnel through which the smoke would ascend only to her statue. This blackened the nose of the golden Buddha, making it especially ugly.

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ReviewEarly Buddhism founded by: Bodhidarma Siddhartha Chuang Tzu? Where first? Spread?

Maya, samsara, cave: what have in common?

4 Noble Truths:

8-Fold Path: rightness standard?

Middle Way

Satori, Nirvana.

Enlightenment: West, East

Mandala

Mudra

Zen’s lineage:

Special qualities? ways of learning, achieving Enlightenment?

Spread to West via:

Koan.

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10 Bulls

or

the oxherding pictures

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10   B u l l s1.  The Search for the Bull 6.  Riding the Bull Home 2.  Discovering the Footprints 7.  The Bull Transcended 3.  Perceiving the Bull 8.  Both Bull and Self Transcended 4.  Catching the Bull 9.  Reaching the Source 5.  Taming the Bull 10.  In the World

metaphor spiritual journey

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1.  The Search for the Bull

In the pasture of this world,

I endlessly push aside the tall grasses

in search of the bull.

Following unnamed rivers,

lost upon the interpenetrating paths

of distant mountains,

My strength failing and my vitality exhausted,

I cannot find the bull.

I only hear the locusts chirring

through the forest at night.

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1.  The Search for the Bull 6.  Riding the Bull Home 2.  Discovering the Footprints 7.  The Bull Transcended 3.  Perceiving the Bull 8.  Both Bull and Self Transcended 4.  Catching the Bull 9.  Reaching the Source 5.  Taming the Bull 10.  In the World

10 Bulls.

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2.  Discovering the Footprints

Along the riverbank under the trees,

I discover footprints!

Even under the fragrant grass I see his prints.

Deep in remote mountains they are found.

These traces no more can be hidden than

one's nose, looking heavenward.

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3.  Perceiving the Bull

I hear the song of the nightingale.

The sun is warm, the wind is mild,

willows are green along the shore,

Here no bull can hide!

What artist can draw that massive head,

those majestic horns?

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4.  Catching the Bull

I seize him with a terrific struggle.

His great will and power are inexhaustible.

He charges to the high plateau

far above the cloud-mists,

Or in an impenetrable ravine he stands.

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5.  Taming the Bull

The whip and rope are necessary,

Else he might stray off down some dusty road.

Being well trained,

he becomes naturally gentle.

Then, unfettered, he obeys his master.

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6.  Riding the Bull Home

Mounting the bull, slowly I return homeward.

The voice of my flute intones

through the evening.

Measuring with hand-beats the pulsating harmony,

I direct the endless rhythm.

Whoever hears this melody will join me.

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7.  The Bull Transcended

Astride the bull, I reach home.

I am serene.

The bull too can rest.

The dawn has come.

In blissful repose,

Within my thatched dwelling

I have abandoned the whip and rope.

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8. Both Bull and Self Transcended.

Whip, rope, person, and bull--

All merge in No-thing.

This heaven is so vast no message can stain it.

How may a snowflake exist in a raging fire?

Here are the footprints of the patriarchs.

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9.  Reaching the Source

Too many steps have been taken

returning to the root and the source.

Better to have been blind and deaf

from the beginning!

Dwelling in one's true abode,

unconcerned with that without --

The river flows tranquilly on

and the flowers are red.

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10.  In the World

Barefooted and naked of breast,

I mingle with the people of the world.

My clothes are ragged and dust-laden,

and I am ever blissful.

I use no magic to extend my life;

Now, before me, the dead trees become alive.

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1.  The Search for the Bull 6.  Riding the Bull Home 2.  Discovering the Footprints 7.  The Bull Transcended 3.  Perceiving the Bull 8.  Both Bull and Self Transcended 4.  Catching the Bull 9.  Reaching the Source 5.  Taming the Bull 10.  In the World

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1-3 4-7 8.

9-10. 11.

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83

Carl Andre. Sixteen Steel Cardinal 16. 1974.Style: Minimalism.

84Carl Andre

85

DonaldJudd (1928-94)

Woodcut, from portfolio“Artists Against Torture.”

galvanized steel

Sculpture

86

Works by Robert Mangold, Anthony Caro, Robert Ryman

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88

Zen meditation gardens

Characteristics of Japanese style

SuggestionPerishabilityIrregularity

Simplification

Garden of Daisenin, Kyoto .

89

European monastery garden Middle Ages

Views ofJapanese Zen

monastery garden,1464-1548.

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Katsura Palace pleasure garden, Japan1615-1663

Versailles Palace garden, France 1669-1685

Taj Mahal, Agra, India 1631-1643+ 5 yrs: garden

Imperial Gardens

91

Once again in love

once again regrets, as fleeting

as cherry blossoms.

Ishikawa Toyonobu, 18th c.

Screen paintingand

Haikupoem.

92

Once again in love

once again regrets, as fleeting

as cherry blossoms.

Ishikawa Toyonobu, 18th c.

The apparition of these faces in the crowd;

Petals on a wet, black bough.

Ezra Pound, “In a Station of the Metro.” 1926.

Haiku and Imagist poetry. HAIKU form:3 lines:5-7-5,

17 syllables (in Japanese)

93

Agnes Martin,

American.

I can see humility

Delicate and white

It is satisfying

Just by itself. . .

And Trust

absolute trust

a gift

a precious gift

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95

Character for “Mu” for “no thing” “no”By Tori Enji (1721-1792)

96

Villa Rotunda, Palladio,Vicenza, ItalyRenaissance

97

Katsura Palace, Japan

98

Frank Lloyd Wright, AmericanArchitect (1867-1959).

Falling Water, Bear Run, PA., 1936

99

Wright, Fallingwater, 1936.

Katsura Palace

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101

102

103

Hakuin Ekaku (1865-1908), Blind Men on a Bridge. Ink on paper.

104

Pieter Bruegel, Christ’s Parable of the Blind Leading the Blind, 1568“And if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into a ditch.”

105

7 Dwarves on a Log—Inspiration? Parallels?