A FEW QUICK THINGS:Yes take notes----you will need this

What is the eccentricity of an ellipse? How ovular or circular a planet’s orbit is

What is the aphelion/perihelion? Aphelion: Closest point to the sun in the

orbit Perihelion: Furthest point from the sun in

orbit-Winter in the northern hemisphere =

aphelion-Summer in northern hemisphere =

perihelion

What is the focus of an orbit? Points from which any point on the

perimeter of the orbit can be triangulated.One focus is usually the sun

What is precession? Earth spinning on a tilted axis causes a

additional movement called precession The axis moves around in a cone shape.

What is a solstice/equinox? Winter and summer are solstices. They

are the points at which the earth is closest or furthest from the sun in orbit.

Spring and fall are equinoxes. They are halfway points between solstices and have equivalent distances from the sun.

What is the earth’s tilt?

What if the tilt was different? Less Tilt

If there was less of a tilt, the seasons would even out into a perpetual spring as the tilt gets closer to straight up and down. All latitudes will get closer to 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night.

More TiltAs the poles tilt further away from the perpendicular, the seasons would get more extreme. Summers get hotter and Winters get colder. The time difference between day and night will get further out of balance.

What is lattitude/longitude? Latitude measured east to west

horizontally across globe.Equator, tropic of cancer, tropic of capricornIn northern hemisphere latitude can be

measured by angle from polaris (north star) Longitude measured north to south

vertically (pole to pole)Longitude + latitude = coordinates

What are eclipses? An eclipse is when an object is

shadowed because another object came between it and the light source

We have 2 eclipses: Lunar and solarLunar: Sun – Earth – Moon (the Earth’s

shadow is cast upon the moon)Solar: Sun – Moon – Earth (The moon’s

shadow blocks out the sun from our vision)

Which one is which?

What are tides? Tide is the gravitational pull of the moon

and sun on the waters on Earth.This mainly only affects oceans, bays and

seas

When the moon and sun line up tides are the most drastic! This is because they both pull on the

oceans in the same direction. Apogee/Perigee: Point at which the

moon is furthest/closest to the Earth Spring/Neap: Big difference between

high and low tide/little difference between high and low tide

Ebb/Flow: Outgoing/Incoming Tide

What are the phases of the moon?