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""PROVIDENCE

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!! !!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!! !!!!! ! !!!!!!!! !!! !! !!!!!!! !!!!!! ! !!!!!!!! !!!! !!!!! !!!!! !!!! !!! !!!!! !!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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""BROCKTON

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__

""NEWPORT

PAWTUXETRIV

ER

TEN M

ILERIVER

Field's Point

Fall RiverWWTP

SomersetWPCF

BucklinPoint

UpperBlackstone

WPAD

East ProvidenceCranston

Attleboro

Process Overview

`̀

baba

g

g

`̀

g

g

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""WORCESTER

TAUNTON RIVER

""

""

TAUNTON

FALL RIVER

What drives changes in the watershed and bay?

WATER QUALITY FOR AQUATIC LIFE

g

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""WORCESTER

Introduction

BLACKSTONE RIVER

N A R R A G A N S E T T B A Y

Woonsocket

Smithfield

RHODE ISLAND

Eivy Y. Monroy1, Julia Twichell1, Anne Kuhn2, Michael Charpentier3, Juliet Swigor4, Jessica Cressman5, Peter August5, Paul Jordan61Narragansett Bay Estuary Program, NEIWPCC; 2US EPA Atlantic Ecology Division; 3CSRA; 4MassDEP; 5URI Environmental Data Center; 6RIDEM

A Geographical Approach

7

LICENSED MARINE BEACHES*

UNPROTECTED NATURAL LANDS

HABITAT OF BROOK TROUTDATA AND METHODS: Eastern Brook Trout Joint Venture and Coldwater Streams. Analysis of catchment areas of streams where brook trout have been observed in the past two decades and designation of coldwater streams in Massachusetts.LEGEND: COLDWATER STREAM

BROOK TROUT HABITATBROOK TROUT PATCHAREAS (CATCHMENTS)

DATA AND METHODS: CAPS (UMass Amherst); raster analysisLEGEND:

Massachusetts

Connecticut

RhodeIsland

Upper Blackstone(Worcester)

Taunton

Somerset

Fall River

MOUNT HOPE

BAY

PROVIDENCE R IVER

ESTUARY

GREENWICHBAY

WEST PASS

AGE

SAKO

NNET

RIVE

REAST

PASS

AGE

STATUS CHANGES IMPACT

Indicators

Analysis of all indicators can be accessed athttp://nbep.org/the-state-of-our-watershed/technicalreport/

STRE

SSOR

S

PrecipitationTemperatureSea LevelPopulationLand UseImpervious CoverWastewater InfrastructureNutrient LoadingsLegacy ContaminantsEmerging Contaminants

BAY A

NDWA

TERS

HED

COND

ITION

SPU

BLIC

HEA

LTH

SaltmarshSeagrassOpen SpaceWater QualityDissolved OxygenChlorophyllWater ClarityFish CommunitiesBenthic Communities

Water QualityMarine BeachesShellfishing Areas

DATA AND METHODS: State-Assessed Waters for Aquatic Life Use(MassDEP 2014, RIDEM 2014). Calculated stream miles that are acceptable for fish and other wildlife and impacted by nutrient enrichment and/or depleted oxygen.LEGEND:

WATER QUALITY FOR RECREATION*

DATA AND METHODS: State-Assessed Waters for Recreational Use(MassDEP 2014, RIDEM 2014). Calculated stream miles that are suitable for recreational use and impacted by pathogens.LEGEND:

*Water quality for recreation is shown in the Worcester and Providence map sections.

ACCEPTABLE

IMPACTED BY PATHOGENSBY OTHER PARAMETERS

UNKNOWN

POINT JUDITH

SAKONNETPOINT

WOONASQUATUCKET RIVER

PALM

ERRIV

ER

FOREST AND WETLANDSAGRICULTURAL LANDSURBAN LANDS

LAND USE AND CHANGESDATA AND METHODS: National Land Cover Dataset (2001-2011); raster analysisLEGENDS:

LAND USE(2011)

URBAN GAIN FROM FOREST LOSTURBAN GAIN FROM OTHER LAND USESFOREST LOST TO OTHER LAND USES

LAND USECHANGE(2001-2011)

Sci tuate

Ass

awompsetPond

Reservoir

AREAS OF BUILDINGS SERVED BY ONSITESYSTEMS (SEPTIC SYSTEMS OR CESSPOOLS)

HIGHEST DENSITY OF BUILDINGS

LOWEST DENSITY OF BUILDINGSAREAS CONNECTEDTO SEWER SYSTEM

WASTEWATER INFRASTRUCTUREDATA AND METHODS: Buildings outside of sewered areas rely onseptic systems or cesspools. The heat map was produced using a Kernel Analysis to show high to low density of unsewered buildings.LEGENDS:

WestWarwick

Warwick

Warren

Quonset

SouthKingstown

Scarborough

Newport

GraftonUpton

Northbridge

Douglas

Uxbridge

MansfieldNorthAttleborough

The Narragansett Bay Estuary Program brought together more than 50 bi-state and regional partners to collaborate on its 2017 State of Narragansett Bay and its Watershed report. This map of the watershed and bay is partitioned to showcase relevant indicators in different geographic areas. Mapping watershed stressors and conditions in this way highlights drivers of change and localized variation throughout the landscape and bay.

The Narragansett Bay watershed is the land area that drains into the rivers and ultimately into the bay:

0 52.5Miles

0 105Kilometers

Data sources: National: USGS NLCD, US Census Bureau, USGS NHD, USGS NED, Regional: UMass Amherst, Eastern Brook Trout Joint Venture, State: MassDEP, MA EOEEA, RIDEM, RIDOH, MADPH, MassGIS, RIGIS, Other: All ocean depths were obtained from the NOS Hydrographic Survey Department; nutrient data for wastewater treatment facilities were obtained from Narragansett Bay Commission, US EPA, RIDEMDatum and Coordinate System: NAD83 UTM Zone 19NVertical datum: NAVD88Map/poster produced by Julia Twichell, Narragansett Bay Estuary Program

39% forested (2011)

37 wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs)

discharge 5.6 million lbsnitrogen/year intothe bay (2013-15)

- 4%

- 55%

2001-2011

2000-2015

Open Space: 16% of the watershedis protected natural land41% of the watershed is unprotected natural land41% of unprotected natural land has high ecological integrity

62% of the population relies on WWTFs38% relies on tradtional septic systems, cesspools, or, in MA only, large onsite systems with varying levels of treatment

1.95 million people(2010) + 8%

1990-2010

Sprawl: 1-4 acres of developed land use per resident in the watershed

35% urban (2011) + 8.5%2001-2011

Impervious Cover: 14% of thewatershed is covered by buildings and other paved surfaces

(28 WWTFsresponsible for

decline)

DATA AND METHODS: Geospatial analysis of2000-2015 beach closure data (RIDOH, MADPH)

DATA AND METHODS: Data compiled from RIDEM, US EPA, Narragansett Bay Commission

LEGEND:

North to South gradient in bay water quality:The Estuary of Narragansett Bay

Fish populations have changed over time:

Freshwater QualityOf the 789 stream milesassessed for recreational use

Of the 832 stream milesassessed for aquatic life use

Climate Change is Here

Water Clarity andDissolved OxygenIncrease

ChorophyllDecreases

UNPROTECTED LANDS (IEI = 0.01)

UNPROTECTED LANDS (IEI = 1)HIGHEST ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY

LOWEST ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY

ACCEPTABLE

IMPACTEDBY EXCESS NUTRIENTSAND/OR BY LOW OXYGENBY OTHER PARAMETERS

UNKNOWN

Summer migrant fish(black sea bass, scup) are more prevalent

Colder-water fish(winter flounder)have declined

272 miles inacceptable condition

450 miles inacceptable condition

481 miles impactedby pathogens

132 miles impactedby nutrient enrichmentand/or depleted oxygen

SEWERED AREASDATA AND METHODS: Sewered Areas (MassDEP, RIDEM)LEGEND: AREAS CONNECTED

TO SEWER SYSTEM

Bay temperature+2.9°F (1.6°C)

Average annualprecipitation atProvidence, RI+0.4 inches per decade

Sea level atNewport, RItide gauge+9 inches 1960-

20151985-

present1930-2015

REDUCTION OF NITROGEN (N) LOADINGS [ 2000 - 2004 TO 2013 - 2015 ]`̀ N DECREASEDbaba NO CHANGE__ N INCREASEDg UNKNOWN

0% - 5%6% - 15%

> 16%

RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION (%) OFNITROGEN LOADINGS FROM WASTE-

WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES

1,705 square miles of hilly, flat, and coastal areas1.95 million people71 cities and towns in MA, and 34 in RI3,578 miles of streams and rivers196 square miles of estuary

IMPERVIOUS SURFACE

DATA AND METHODS: Raster analysis to mosaic bi-state impervious surfaces (MA: 2005, Res: 3.28'; RI: 2011, Res: 2')LEGEND: IMPERVIOUS COVER

KEY FINDINGS: Coastal and historically urbanized areas have thehighest impervious cover (over 20% of their subwatershed areas). Impervious cover includes roads, buildings, paved areas that people rely on as infrastructure.

KEY FINDINGS: Forests in theTaunton River Basin are beinglost to development as people move to these suburban areas.

KEY FINDINGS: Natural Lands can protect water quality. Large areas of land, ranging from low to high ecological integrity, remain unprotected in this region.

KEY FINDINGS: 21% of the Taunton River Basin region has been identified as having supported brook trout habitat. Much of this land is unprotected.

POPULATION CHANGEDATA AND METHODS: Land-use and temporal cross-walk:US Census Bureau: 1990; 2010 MA Land Use: 1985; 2005 RI Land Use: 1988; 2011Dasymetric Analysis was used to map where people live. Kernel Analysis was used to produce a heat map of population change.KEY FINDINGS: People are moving away from coastal and historically urbanized areas, towards more suburban and rural areas.

LEGEND:GREATEST GAIN - PEOPLE HAVE MOVED TO THESE AREAS

GREATEST DECLINE - PEOPLE HAVE MOVED AWAY FROM THESE AREAS

RELATIVELY SMALL GAIN OR DECLINE

KEY FINDINGS: Many buildings in the coastal areas, including the islands, still rely on septic systems to treat sewage or cesspools (not designed to treat sewage). High density areas of buildings can be hot spots of sewage contamination (pathogens, nutrients, etc).

KEY FINDINGS: 28 wastewatertreatment facilities are responsible for the 55% declinein nitrogen loading to the bay since 2000. The upper reaches of the estuary, including Green-wich Bay, Providence RiverEstuary, and Mount Hope Bayremain impacted by excess nutrients and/or by dissolved oxygen (not shown on this map).

NUTRIENT LOADINGS FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES*

*Wastewater treatment facilities are located in multiple map frames using stacked symbols

KEY FINDINGS: 14 high concern beaches and 23low concern beaches are located in Narragansett Bay. Localized impacts vary throughout the bay. High concern beaches in the upper estuary have been more impacted by pathogen contamination compared with beaches in the lower bay.

KEY FINDINGS: Most (70%) of the state-assessed waters for aquatic life use in the Pawtuxet River Basin are in acceptable condition. Acceptable waters are located primarily in the upper reaches of the watershed and surrounded by high quality natural lands, both protected and unprotected.

KEY FINDINGS: The entire Blackstone River stem is impacted by pathogens.

KEY FINDINGS: The Upper Blackstone wastewater treat-ment plant serves 100% of the City of Worcester and areas of a number of surrounding towns. Smaller WWTFs serve areas along the Blackstone River and its tributaries.

*Beaches are located in multiple map frames

LEGEND:HIGH CONCERN (MORE CLOSURES,

MONITORED FREQUENTLY)LOW CONCERN (FEWER CLOSURES,

MONITORED INFREQUENTLY)

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UNPROTECTED LANDS (IEI = 0.49)

HIGH QUALITY NATURAL LANDS

DATA AND METHODS: Natural lands CAPS (UMass Amherst); Open Space (MA EOEEA and RIDEM). Bi-State Cross-walk of Open Space; CAPS: Index of Ecological Integrity > Average (IEI = 0.49)LEGENDS:

UNPROTECTED LANDS (IEI = 1)

PROTECTED LANDS HIGHEST ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY

GOOD ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY

KEY FINDINGS: In the Pawtuxet River Basin, there is a threefold greater area of unprotected high quality natural lands than protected.

MASSACHUSETTS