a global scale intervention, a local scale integration: developing the empty course grains of tehran...

1

1km 2km 3km 4km 5km

A global scale intervention A local scale integrationdeveloping the empty course grains of Tehran South

Sara MehryarMentors: Dr.Ir. Stephen Read

Ir.Willem Hermans Azadeh Mashayekhi

Master in UrbanismJun 2012

2

SECTION 1.INTRODUCTION

3

World cities

Black holes

Table of Black holes defined by Short, 2008

Map of Black holes defined by Short, 2008Source: AuthorSource: Short, 2008

Globalisation and non world cities

city country populationTehran Iran 10,700000Dhaka Bangladesh 9,950,000Khartoum Sudan 7,300,000Kinshasa Congo 6,50,000Lahore Pakistan 5,50,000Baghdad Iraq 4,950,000Rangoon Mynmar 3,550,000Algiers Algeria 3,950,000Abidjan Ivory Coast 3,850,000Pyongyang North Korea 550,000Chittagong Bangladesh 3,100,000Source: Short, 2008

While it is important to identify world cities, it is also important to identify the lack of connectivity. Silences are as interesting as utterances. (Short, 2008)

4

18% of the countrys population44% of countrys financial services48% of countrys high ranking officials30% of the countrys employment in manufacturing industry29% of countrys wholesale, retail, restaurants and hotels

Tehran as a big Centrality

5

International scale nodes

City scale nodes

Neighbourhood scale nodes

Media Centre

Recreationalcommercial Centre

Creative Centre

Historical CommercialCentre

World Trade Centre

Historical Religious Centre

Socio-culturalCentre

Tehran master plan, 2006

Future Vision of Tehran in a Global Network

Tehran 20 years Vision development:1. Tehran : Iranian-Islamic city2. Tehran : Intelligent city3. Tehran : Green City4. Tehran: Secure City5. Tehran: Sustainable and Coherent City6. Tehran: Global City

6 Uneven development in Tehran

1-7070-130130-200200-300300-400

Population density Land Price

Literacy ratio

An obvious division and polarization between North and South

highest density of population is in the southern part of the citynorth of Tehran has the land price of three times more than the southThe highest ratio of literate people is in the northern half of Tehran.

7

shopping centrepolitical nodescultural nodes

bankembassy

hoteluniversity

sport

Concentration of high quality function to the north

8

urban decay

Concentration of urban decays in south

9 QUESTION

How can a new CBD in empty coarse grains of south contribute in creating a balancebetween the north and south of Tehran?

- What is the global role of Tehran among its region countries?

- How can a balance be created between the north and south of Tehran bylooking at south development potentialities?

- what kind of finantial centrality can work for the city and for balancing the north and south development flow?

10

SECTION 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKRole of Tehran in global context

11

118

Netscape, Cities and Global Corporate Networks

GIS map of top 100 global multinational headquarters and their subsidiary networks. Source: Wall/v.d. Knaap, 2009.

Figure 23

CHAPTER 4

Context of global networks

12

TEBG

BT

IS

TUAG

AMCA

JD MM AB

DU

MU

Introduction and Background

Islamic Globalization

IFS = Islamic Financial ServicesMENA = Middle East and North AfricaIslamic rules and prohebitions

13

Geographical distribution of reported sharia assets, non-GCC MENA , 2009

Geographical distribution of reported sharia assets, GCC, 2009

Percentage of Global Islamic Finanace provided by Iran in 2009

Islamic globalization

35.6%

Report of Sharia Compliant assets by The Banker in 2009

Iran provided 35.6% of global Islamic finance

Total Shariah Compliant Assets by Country, 2011Source: The Banker, 2011

14

Connectivity of 27 top ranked IFS cities.

15 Regional Networks and connectivity

The city of Tehran, even in worst political situation has its own connection to the world

16

SECTION 3.HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

17

Tehran in 1890

Yvmhc ok GfY

Yvmhc yv Yvmhc aihY uhg Yvmhc m z vh Gi

To th

e no

rth

villa

gesTo the north villages

Yosef-abadvillage

Road to Rey village

King Garden

Nazi abad village

Road to Ghazvin

Amir-abad village

Doulabvillage

Beginning of Modernisation 1880-1906

Travel of the king to Europe and effect of the westernization on Persia.

Extension of the new straight streets respecting the narrow tradi-tional ones

The first influence of French devel-opment

18

Tehran in 1890

Yosef-abad village

To th

e no

rth

villa

gesTo the north villages

Doulabvillage

Road to Ghazvin

to R

ey

to R

ey

Road to khorasan

Nazi abad village

Tehran in 1937

Influence of Haussmann 1906 -1937

After the oil industry and expan-sion of the city.

A new urban matrix especially through north and west were im-posed. inspired by a vision of a modern city derived from Baron Hauss-mann.

In the south we have the Emer-gence of the train station and some new periphery industrial functions.

19

Tehran in 1953

Transformation after the WW2, 1937-1953

Tehran 1953

Again a Rapid expansion of popu-lation and growth of the city after ww2.

Creation of different peripheral suburbs. Bourgeoisie suburbs developed in north and west where the climate were good and the working class suburb emerged in south and south west where the industry took place.

20

Ray

To Khorasan

Tehran in 1973

Road to KarajRoad to Damava

nd

Road

to Q

om

The first planned structure, 1953 - 1978Tehran 1973

The first planned structure called street system

The expanded areas of north, west and eat were not the periphery of the city anymore.

But south was still for settling of industry workers and poor immi-grants which turned the south into periphery of the city with industry and marginal identity.

21Tehran 2007

Fig (16)Source: Auther

connecting the north and south through the network of the highwaysdeveloping the south by adding green, public space and cultural facilitiessouth is an imainpart part of the citywith the marginal and industrial identity of the past

22 Diagram of south growth layers

First border of the cityperiphery industry function: Station, Siloo, Brick kilns, oil

and fabric companies and military airport

Second border of the cityMarginalization: New complex housing for workers and

immigrants - continious of industrial function through

the road to Rey

Third border of the cityRind road and green belt of the city, extension of the city

out of the ring road

Future: Second and Third ring roads - more extension to the south is predictable

Source: Auther

periphery of industrial function

extension of industrial function alongside of the road to Ray

23

SECTION 4.PROBLEMS AND POTENTIALITIES OF THE SOUTH

24

1km 2km 3km 4km

Main street

Train line

Highway

Built Area

Green

Metro station

Network and accessibility

25

1km 2km 3km 4km

Commercial lines

26

1km 2km 3km 4km

Squar (Meidan)

Linear PS

Commersial and

cultural PS

Park

Public Spaces

27

residentialcommercialurban servicegreentransportation, storage and abandoned areasindustry

residentialcommercialurban servicegreentransportation, storage and abandoned areasindustry

- Developing the missing urban fabric

and structure of the south

- Create the continuity of the residential

areas in south of station

- Preserve the ghale morghi coarse

grain as the urban breath of the south

and balancing the the growing density

(Public space, park, sport complexes

and fields, cultural centres )

- Use the station previous storage area

as a new commercial centrality for

decreasing the tension of bezar , use

the existing network and connections,

making a balance between the large

grain land centralities in the north and

south. (commercials, main squares,

exhibitions, museum and administra-

tion)

- Use the pattern of aound of the

bazaar and kind of functions which

work in north large grain centralities

- creat the duality of different scale of

functions and usage

fragmentationscattering fabric in the southintensive regular fabric in cemtre

disconnection of main networksmain historical streets from north to centre stop here and highways turn around the nodes to achieve the north

land use polarizationcentrality of commercial administration and urban service functions in centre and industry, storage and transportation in south

Conclusion of Problem Definitions

28

Hypothesis

Empty coarse grains of south have the potentiality to develope local integration and create a balance between the north and south

29

highwaymetrotrain

Problem definition of the south coarse urban grains Coarse urban grains of North and South have very good potentialities for the development of the city, but more attention have been paid for the North coarse grainsit caused the south coarse grains to work as a barrier and impermeable grains instead of being a stregnth point.

30

Ministries Cultural centres Public spacesTV towerone of the main hospital of the cityTehran universityEcological ParkTehran international fairTV buildingsSport&EntertainmentMellat park

TV tower Milad Hospital

Tehran University

Ministry

Ministry

Ministry

Museum

Water and Fire Park

Forest park

Iran national library

Cultural institute

Islamic culture organization

Administration

Administration

TV TOWER

National Library

main hospital of the city

water and fire park

31

1km 2km 3km 5km4km

International

Airport

BA

LAN

CE

BAZAAR

fruit bazaar

furniture

bazaar

water park

furniture furniture furniture furniture

Strategy: Urban Nodes Balance

32

SECTION 5. APPROACH AND DESIGN STRATEGY

33

174 ha

282 ha

2km

1.6km

1.1k

m

canarywharf: 37 ha

la defense:160 ha

zuidas:270 ha

Two nodes size

34

Ghale Morghi Landfrom Eat sidesouce: www.tinn.ir

Study Area 1: Ghale Morghi Location and History

35 Study Area2: Railway Location and History

36

1km 2km 3km 5km4km

International Airport

Low

spe

ed

City

ent

ranc

e

BAZAAR

Strategy Node of connection and node of high scale

Between Bazaar and southern part

It is the starting point of the biggest lines which connect Bazaar to the north.

Also it is in the way of two main entrance road of the city from south continuing to Bazaar.

37 Strategy Node of connection and node of high scale

1km 2km 3km 5km4km


Low

spe

ed

City

ent

ranc

e

BAZAAR

1km 2km 3km 5km4km


Hig

h sp

eed

City

ent

ranc

e

an exception point which is surrounded by high-ways connecting north to the south in high speed network

Does not have any connection to its surrounding neighbourhoods.

38

1km 2km 3km 5km4km


Low

spe

ed

City

ent

ranc

e

BAZAAR

Hig

h sp

eed

City

ent

ranc

e

Strategy Node of connection and node of high scale

- a connection and transferring node in south of Bazaar with extension of grid structure of Bazaar- a central node with a central distination, still be kept as an exception and attract the high scale interventions.

39

1km 2km 3km 5km4km

park

park

parkpark

park

ehxibition

history

square

square

culture culture

square

square

Stucture Element 1Extension of planned structure of city to the unplanned part of south

Extension of planned structure of city to the unplanned part of southextension of the two main streets of the city which connect bazaar to the north

Linear centrality of the city from north to Bazaar can be extented to the south

Vali-

asr

Vali-

asr

Vali-

asr

40 Structure Element 2 Elimination of barriers

Two km Tohid tunel in north of Bazaar

Building a tunnel and sending the railway and highway underground

41

Specialised streetswholesaling

Local commercial streets

middle scale commercial

Joint Element one: Linear Commercial

Laleh zar

Naser khosro

Istanbul

Extension of linear commercials of Bazaar to the north through some famous streets

42

new plaza from south entrance

pedestrian route

Toopkhuneh Square

Toopkhuneh SquareThe main joint element of Bazaar and North

Toopkhuneh SquareStill the social attracting node of the city

Program of first nodeElement two: Big Plaza

toopkhaneh square which worked as the main mediator in between the old centre and north and it still works as the social attracting node of the city

43 Program of the first node Joint Element Three: Cultur and Education

concentration of cultural and educational nodes in the edge of bazaar and modern north

Iran Basan museum

Tehran University

City theatre

45

Design Step 1

46

bus terminal

train station

Design Step 1

47

bus terminal

train station

mix of commercial and residentialscience park

Design Step 2

48

bus terminal

train station

mix of commercial and residentialscience parkpublic spacesarchitectural nodes

Design Step 3

49

bus terminal

train station

mix of commercial and residentialscience parkpublic spacesarchitectural nodesmix of official and cultural

Design Step 4

50

train station

190

240

130

130

52

5 20 25 25 25 2577 8

5 60

40 1515

40 305 7713020 8

55 772030 8

Main Plaza

Commercial line+cofe+resturant Commercial line+cofe+resturant

cultural function

Mix of commercial and residential

Mix of ocial and cultural

Small Plaza

Science parkBook shop lineIconic project

section between the iconic project land and science park with it education and bookstore line

53

5 20 25 25 25 2577 8

5 60

40 1515

40 305 7713020 8

55 772030 8

Main Plaza


cultural function



Small Plaza


section between the big Plaza and the central cultural node

54

5 20 25 25 25 2577 8

5 60

40 1515

40 305 7713020 8

55 772030 8

Main Plaza


cultural function



Small Plaza


section between the cultural and commercial function

55

Dallas downtown Portland downtown

Enough Flexibility for Development Scenarios of modelling future land use patterns of large vacant lands.

huge amount of empty land, uncertain future

Proactive, Provides flexibility in land use, responsive to mar-ket demands, give time and capacity for future development

Grid Sructure

Diagram of a gid ctructure for the empty land of Ghale Morghi

56

725

950

Green Corridor

Structure; connecting to destinations and existing strcuture

Connection to high scale destinationConnection to low scale destinationExisting highways

Structure based on the existing structure of the city and global and local destinations

57 Identity; keep the runways as the symbolic histy of land

1.1km 0.5km0.5km

50m the land has a strong identity and imag of the airport land for a long priod of timekeep the runway in a symbolic wayuse the idea of tilla durieux park in potsdamer platz in Berlin

58 Structure; A Green Heart

725

950

Grid structure: Regulating the un regular and chaotic urban pattern of sur-rounding

A big exception in the heart of the centre to attract the population

59

regular geometric structure perfectly regulate the chaotic struc-ture of its surrounding urban fabric.

meandrous structure of surrounding including Bazaar and residential area come to the grid of the garden and square and obtain their orders.

a strong frame surrounding the gar-den mostly commercial frame and they have a rectangular geometry

60

Persian garden: Paradise in Desert, Centrality of palace and pool Persian garden: Paradise in Desert,

Connection to the city, shade of naturePersian garden: Paradise in Desert, Centrality of palace and pool, shade of nature

Persian garden: Centrality, symmetryEl goli Garden, Tabriz

Shazde Garden, Kerman Shazde Garden, Kerman

El goli Garden, Tabriz

61

Dominant presence of Sky and Earth

Repetition and rhythm of the facades

Strong framework

62

structure of persian garden

identity of former airport

mix of new urban facilities and main connection to out-side

63

A sample for smaller four quarter part gardens, combination of water (jub), trees and the grid structure

Source: 2amagazine

64

commercial framework

Entrance vault

First line of outside with height limitation

large urban facilities such as a airport museum

symbol of a palace with cultural function

Smaller four part Garden

65

Bahman culture centre and park

neighbourhood plaza

neighbourhood park

free space for high rises development

Adding a strat and end point for symbolic runways

66


neighbourhood plaza

neighbourhood park


Extension of residential from south

67 Flexiblity for future development


neighbourhood plaza

neighbourhood park


use the small park and highway landscape for future development

69

Design tools

Network

Program

Identity

Connector, Transfer, Joint nodesThis node will get identity of an entrance to the Bazaar from the south and also a joint point of Bazaar and south the same as the one in the north of Bazaar. This characteristic can be achieved by three design elements of 1. Network, 2. Program which work as an assistant of Bazaar and attraction point of south and city centre and 3. Identity, by creation the specialized lines and spaces with unique identity.

The Node of the south station needs to find its own identity by using of a mix of commercial, cultural and science park it can attract different group of people and then public spaces and important nodes with architectural phenomena can be added.

Reflection

70

Design tools

History

Identity

Modern urban nodes

M

M

Exception, Destinationa central huge park with dominant role of city scale can attract people in a place where they have never had accessibility to. Three important layers of history, identity and modern urban nodes which can be joint by the connection structure to outside, are the main elements of crea-tion of this park and its future surrounding development.

Reflection

71

the inspiration of the project was derived by the municipality proposal of creating a new world trade cen-tre in the south empty coarse grainsthe fact is that this transformation and balancing can not be achieved only by creating a new financial cen-tre there. South of Tehran is in need of some action projects for regenerating existing situations to grant a motive engine for bigger projects and reprogramming.My project is an effort toward tracing a future possible vision, by reprogramming and regenerating the exist-ing empty coarse grains of south and preparing it for future development or even bringing a new finantial centrality working in the global scale.

Reflection

72

Thank you