a gm case study – building community capital paula fitzgerald trade and strategy

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A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

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Page 1: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

A GM case study – building community capitalPaula FitzgeraldTrade and Strategy

Page 2: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

William Farrer

• Born in 1845• Began studying medicine – moved to Australia at 25 - tutor

at sheep station – qualified as surveyor (Department of Lands) – moved to a farm – became a wheat experimentalist with the Department of Agriculture

• Believed the types of wheat grown were unsuitable for Australian conditions

• In 1882 he began selecting individual plants which showed superior qualities. This soon included foreign wheats – relied on overseas correspondence/networks

• Aimed to improve rust resistance and baking quality (focus on the latter, as well as agronomic, was unique)

• Viewed by some as wasting time on “pocket handkerchief wheat plots”

• Millers initially resisted …• “Father of Australian wheat” – for contribution to wheat

quality & yield; but also science.

Page 3: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

Global GM statistics - cultivation

• 18 years old

• 170.3 million hectares of GM crops were planted in 2012

• 100-fold increase from 1996 when GM crops were first commercialised

• 28 countries grew GM crops in 2012 – 20 developing countries and 8

industrial.

• 17.3 million farmers grew GM crops in 2012. Over 90% of these, or 15

million farmers, are in resource-poor countries.

• Five EU countries (Spain, Portugal, Czechia, Slovakia and Romania)

planted GM insect resistant corn.

Page 4: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

Global GM situation - 2012Country Area* Crops

1 USA 69.5 Corn, soybean, cotton, canola, sugarbeet, alfalfa (lucerne), papaya, squash

2 Brazil 36.6 Soybean, corn, cotton

3 Argentina 23.9 Soybean, corn, cotton

4 Canada 11.6 Canola, corn, soybean, sugarbeet

5 India 10.8 Cotton

6 China 4.0 Cotton, papaya, poplar, tomato, sweet pepper

7 Paraguay 3.4 Soybean, corn, cotton

8 South Africa 2.9 Corn, soybean, cotton

9 Pakistan 2.8 Cotton

10 Uruguay 1.4 Soybean, corn

11 Bolivia 1.0 Soybean12 Philippines 0.8 Corn

13 Australia 0.7 Cotton, canola (and carnations)* Million hectares

Page 5: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

GM crops under development in Australia

Most commodities in Australia have GM investments. The OGTR has grantedlicences for field trials of GM:

• Banana • Barley• Canola• Cotton• Lupins• Pineapple• Safflower• Sugarcane• Ryegrass• Wheat• White clover

• (carnations)

Page 6: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

Most advanced Australian R&D

Entity Licence Crop Details

BSES DIR 96(2009)

Sugarcane Herbicide tolerance

BSES DIR 95(2009)

Sugarcane Altered plant growth, enhanced drought tolerance, enhanced nitrogen use efficiency, altered sucrose accumulation, and improved cellulosic ethanol production from sugarcane biomass

UQ DIR 78(2008)

Sugarcane Altered sugar production

BSES DIR 70(2007)

Sugarcane Altered plant architecture, enhanced water or improved nitrogen use efficiency

UQ DIR 51(2005)

Sugarcane Expressing sucrose isomerase

Entity Licence Crop Details

Vic DPI DIR 89(2008)

White clover AMV resistant

Vic DPI DIR 82(2007)

Ryegrass & tall fescue

Improved forage qualities

Vic DPI DIR 47(2003)

White clover AMV resistant

Page 7: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

Most advanced Australian R&DEntity Licence Crop Details

Vic DEPI DIR 122 (2013) Wheat Abiotic stress tolerance, yield

CSIRO DIR 117 (2012) Wheat & barley Wheat - altered grain composition, enhanced nutrient utilisation efficiencyBarley - enhanced nutrient utilisation efficiency

CSIRO DIR 112 (2012) Wheat & barley Altered grain composition and nutrient utilisation efficiency

CSIRO DIR 111 (2012) Wheat & barley Altered grain composition, nutrient utilisation efficiency, disease resistance or stress tolerance

Adelaide University

DIR 102 (2010) Wheat & barley Enhanced nutrient utilization & abiotic stress tolerance

CSIRO DIR 99 (2010) Wheat & barley Growth & yield characteristics

CSIRO DIR 94 (2009) Wheat & barley Enhanced nutrient efficiency

CSIRO DIR 93 (2009) Wheat & barley Altered starch

CSIRO DIR 92 (2009) Wheat Altered grain

Vic DPI DIR 80 (2008) Wheat Modified for drought tolerance

Adelaide University

DIR 77 (2008) Wheat & barley Enhanced tolerance to environmental stress or increased dietary fibre

Page 8: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

GM ryegrass?• What? High energy (high fructan) ryegrass

• How? Two additional ryegrass genes have been added – storage of sugar in the leaf and the stem

• It is different to other ‘high sugar’ grasses as it has a higher energy content without any yield penalties.

• Should allow for a reduction in other energy sources (wheat, barley)

• So what? Modelling suggests $300 per hectare per year – equating to at peak use (of 70%) $196 million annual benefit

Page 9: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

What do our consumers think?

• Males, younger people and those who live in capital cities are more likely to accept GM foods.

• People are more supportive of GM foods that have health outcomes or are cheaper, and find lasting longer or tasting better only a minor benefit.

• Support for GM foods and crops has remained fairly consistent over the past few years, with about 60 per cent of the population willing to eat most GM foods and about 25 per cent not willing. However this figure changes depending on the type of food being modified, whether there are benefits to the consumer and perception of effective regulation.

• Australian concerns about GM foods are not top of mind.

Page 10: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

GM opponents – celebrities, costumes, chaos!

Page 11: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

Farm business fitness

• Management capability and tactical flexibility• Cost control• Efficient utilisation of home grown feed• High levels of labour efficiency• Business structure – debt related to production costs

andcommunity capital

Page 12: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

Potential challenges

• GM crops/GM pasture• Water• Animal welfare• Sustainable land use/practices• Healthiness of our product

Page 13: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

What is “community capital”?

“Social licence” People

Community

Local and global

Connectedness – family,

neighbours, community,

governments

TRUSTFreedom to Operate

Transparent dialogue

Listening

Building relationships through strategic engagement

Page 14: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

Aussie kids - 2000

What kids know about agriculture:

1. 58% of city children didn’t know that cotton comes from a plant

2. Almost half the children surveyed didn’t know that pasta comes from wheat

3. 81% of children didn’t know that leather products come from cattle

4. 50% of city kids think farmers never use computers or fax machines

5. Almost one in every three city children are completely unsure about why farmers use pesticides

Source: Kondinin Group

Page 15: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

Aussie kids – 2011

Understanding of agriculture:

1. 75% of year 6 students thought cotton socks were an animal product

2. 45% could not identify that everyday lunchbox items originated from a farm – bananas, bread and cheese

3. 40% of year 10 students believe farming damages the environment

4. 28% of year 10 students thought natural fibres only came from plants

5. Only 57% of students linked scientific research to farming6. Only 45% of students linked innovation to farming

Source: Primary Industries Education Foundation

Page 16: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

UK Kids ...

“Rhubarb is like carrots, it’s what kangaroos eat. Sometimes they grow on trees without seeds”

“A lemon is from Birmingham and it grows in the ground and that’s a kiwi it grows in the ground and it’s from Jamaica”

“The white bread is made with milk and the brown bread is made with wheat”

Page 17: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

Having profile

Page 18: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

Profile?

Peter Waterhouse - 2002 the Victor Chang Medal; 2003 The Bulletin's 'Top Ten Smartest Scientists in Australia’; 2005 CSIRO Chairman's Medal; 2007 Prime Minister’s Prize for Science. Key area of work: gene silencing – plants (viruses/plant health), animals and medicine

Page 19: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

The GM

DAIRY story 1

2

4

3

5

67PLANT CELL

DNA carrying new gene with plant chromosome

PLANT WITH NEW TRAITMore sugar/ higher energy

REGENRATTION

OF PLANT

REGULATORY SCRUTINY AND APPROVALS

HAPPY COW EATS ‘HIGH ENERGY’ PASTURE

MORE MILK

REWARDED FARMER

8MILK ON SHELVES

Milk is milk!

Five essential elements for community support:• Developed by a

trustworthy public agency

• Includes a gene from the same species

• Has a consumer benefit• Is labelled or

differentiated• Has strong evidence of

safety/regulation

Page 20: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

Global grassroots support

Page 21: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

Aussie GM canola support

Grains Council of Australia

Flour Millers’ Council

of Australia

Page 22: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

Build dairy community capital?

?

Page 23: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

Our story …

• Australian dairy is a $13 billion farm, manufacturing and export industry.

• Australia’s 6700 dairy farmers produce around 9.5 billion litres of milk a year.

• The Australian dairy industry directly employs 43,000 Australians on farms and in factories, while more than 100,000 Australians are indirectly employed in related service industries.

• Australia is the fourth largest dairy exporter in the world, accounting for 7% of global trade.

• Australia would save $2 billion a year in healthcare costs if every Australian consumed the minimum recommended daily dairy intake.

• Dairy farmers are environmental caretakers. The industry has a strong record of continuous improvement in water and energy efficiency, and protecting soils and biodiversity.

Page 24: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy
Page 25: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

Further information

Paula FitzgeraldManager Biotechnology & Strategic InitiativesDairy AustraliaTel: 03 9694 3775     Email: [email protected]

Page 26: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

A national approach?

NSW: Moratorium on commercial cultivation of GM food crops. ‘System’ for agriculture minister to grant approval. GM cotton & canola grown

WA: Moratorium on all GM crops. GM cotton (in the Ord) & canola grown by exemption

QLD: OGTR legislation only. GM cotton grown

Vic: OGTR legislation only. GM canola grown

NT: OGTR legislation only

SA: Moratorium on commercial cultivation of GM food crops until 2019

Tas: Moratorium on commercial cultivation of all GM crops. (Government has just announced indefinite extension)

ACT: Moratorium on commercial cultivation of all GM crops until 2006+

The Federal Regulator – the Office of the Gene Technology Regulator (OGTR) – oversees human health and safety, and safety of the environment in relation to GM products, while State Governments make decisions on ‘market and trade’ grounds.

Page 27: A GM case study – building community capital Paula Fitzgerald Trade and Strategy

Market choice (GM canola model)

Step Action Status

1 Australian regulatory approval gained for GM varieties

2 Market requirements identified-Need for segregation to meet the various requirementsof domestic and international consumers

3 Threshold levels established-Australian AP thresholds established for the presence of GM traits in canola at 0.5% for seed(Australian Seed Federation) and 0.9% for grain(NACMA CSO1 Canola standard)-AP thresholds established in key trading partners, such as Japan (5%) and Europe (0.9%), for contractual or labelling purposes

4 Importing market approvals in place-GM varieties have approvals in key importingcountries

5 Supply chain processes to meet market requirements-Protocols available to segregate throughout the supplychain

29 supply chain organisations endorsed GM canola commercialisation as a result of the following: