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A Golden OpportunityA Golden Opportunity--Aquaculture and Fisheries inAquaculture and Fisheries in
PakistanPakistan
Gleyn Bledsoe, BSE, MBA, PhD, CPAGleyn Bledsoe, BSE, MBA, PhD, CPAProfessor, University of IdahoProfessor, University of Idaho
[email protected]@live.com
Barbara Rasco, BSE, PhD, LLDBarbara Rasco, BSE, PhD, LLDProfessor, Washington StateProfessor, Washington State
[email protected]@wsu.edu
Gleyn Bledsoe, BSE, MBA, PhD, CPAGleyn Bledsoe, BSE, MBA, PhD, CPAProfessor, University of IdahoProfessor, University of Idaho
[email protected]@live.com
Barbara Rasco, BSE, PhD, LLDBarbara Rasco, BSE, PhD, LLDProfessor, Washington StateProfessor, Washington State
[email protected]@wsu.edu
Pakistan’s CoastlinePakistan’s Coastline
StrengthsStrengths•• Well established fresh water AquacultureWell established fresh water Aquaculture•• Long coastlineLong coastline
–– Sindh: Nutrient RichSindh: Nutrient Rich–– Baluchistan: Clean environmentBaluchistan: Clean environment
•• Abundant LaborAbundant Labor•• Warm optimum temperaturesWarm optimum temperatures•• Excellent market opportunitiesExcellent market opportunities•• University, government, donor supportUniversity, government, donor support•• Excellent Private Sector CoordinationExcellent Private Sector Coordination ––
Fisheries Development Board & IndividualsFisheries Development Board & Individuals
•• Well established fresh water AquacultureWell established fresh water Aquaculture•• Long coastlineLong coastline
–– Sindh: Nutrient RichSindh: Nutrient Rich–– Baluchistan: Clean environmentBaluchistan: Clean environment
•• Abundant LaborAbundant Labor•• Warm optimum temperaturesWarm optimum temperatures•• Excellent market opportunitiesExcellent market opportunities•• University, government, donor supportUniversity, government, donor support•• Excellent Private Sector CoordinationExcellent Private Sector Coordination ––
Fisheries Development Board & IndividualsFisheries Development Board & Individuals
WeaknessesWeaknesses
•• Lack of available quality feedLack of available quality feed•• Sanitation problemsSanitation problems –– Market exclusionMarket exclusion•• Lack of Cold Chain and FisheriesLack of Cold Chain and Fisheries
TechnologyTechnology•• Overfishing and illegal fishingOverfishing and illegal fishing•• Fragmented and uncoordinated effortsFragmented and uncoordinated efforts
•• Lack of available quality feedLack of available quality feed•• Sanitation problemsSanitation problems –– Market exclusionMarket exclusion•• Lack of Cold Chain and FisheriesLack of Cold Chain and Fisheries
TechnologyTechnology•• Overfishing and illegal fishingOverfishing and illegal fishing•• Fragmented and uncoordinated effortsFragmented and uncoordinated efforts
OpportunitiesOpportunities
•• Marine aquaculture provides greatestMarine aquaculture provides greatestopportunityopportunity
•• New fresh water speciesNew fresh water species•• Development of new marketsDevelopment of new markets•• Chance to do it rightChance to do it right
•• Marine aquaculture provides greatestMarine aquaculture provides greatestopportunityopportunity
•• New fresh water speciesNew fresh water species•• Development of new marketsDevelopment of new markets•• Chance to do it rightChance to do it right
Chance to do it right!Chance to do it right!
•• Learn from successes and problems ofLearn from successes and problems ofothersothers
•• Replicate the successesReplicate the successes•• Avoid repeating the errors.Avoid repeating the errors.
•• Learn from successes and problems ofLearn from successes and problems ofothersothers
•• Replicate the successesReplicate the successes•• Avoid repeating the errors.Avoid repeating the errors.
Threats and BarriersThreats and Barriers
•• OverfishingOverfishing–– Illegal methodsIllegal methods–– UnUn--reported catchesreported catches
•• At Sea transfersAt Sea transfers•• Deliveries into Iran or other marketsDeliveries into Iran or other markets
–– Unenforced regulationsUnenforced regulations–– Harvesting juvenilesHarvesting juveniles –– Killing Future FisheriesKilling Future Fisheries
•• OverfishingOverfishing–– Illegal methodsIllegal methods–– UnUn--reported catchesreported catches
•• At Sea transfersAt Sea transfers•• Deliveries into Iran or other marketsDeliveries into Iran or other markets
–– Unenforced regulationsUnenforced regulations–– Harvesting juvenilesHarvesting juveniles –– Killing Future FisheriesKilling Future Fisheries
RemediesRemedies
•• Enforce regulationsEnforce regulations•• Buyers (Market) not buy illegal harvestsBuyers (Market) not buy illegal harvests
and juvenile fish.and juvenile fish.•• Develop fish feed technology andDevelop fish feed technology and
productionproduction
•• Enforce regulationsEnforce regulations•• Buyers (Market) not buy illegal harvestsBuyers (Market) not buy illegal harvests
and juvenile fish.and juvenile fish.•• Develop fish feed technology andDevelop fish feed technology and
productionproduction
Existing IndustryExisting Industry
•• FishermenFishermen•• ProcessorsProcessors•• Traders and Distribution NetworkTraders and Distribution Network•• Integrate with Wild Harvest SystemIntegrate with Wild Harvest System
•• FishermenFishermen•• ProcessorsProcessors•• Traders and Distribution NetworkTraders and Distribution Network•• Integrate with Wild Harvest SystemIntegrate with Wild Harvest System
MarketsMarkets
•• Identify MarketsIdentify Markets•• Produce to market demands,Produce to market demands,•• Not produce and then try to find a market.Not produce and then try to find a market.
•• Identify MarketsIdentify Markets•• Produce to market demands,Produce to market demands,•• Not produce and then try to find a market.Not produce and then try to find a market.
Aquaculture Center ConceptAquaculture Center Concept
•• HatcheryHatchery•• Growout FacilitiesGrowout Facilities –– Lease and PrivateLease and Private•• Feed millFeed mill•• ProcessingProcessing•• Cold StorageCold Storage•• LaboratoryLaboratory•• Training and ResearchTraining and Research
•• HatcheryHatchery•• Growout FacilitiesGrowout Facilities –– Lease and PrivateLease and Private•• Feed millFeed mill•• ProcessingProcessing•• Cold StorageCold Storage•• LaboratoryLaboratory•• Training and ResearchTraining and Research
Pakistan’s Inland FisheriesPakistan’s Inland Fisheries
Natural lake
Stream/Rivers
Natural lake
Indus delta
DAMS
Inland FisheriesInland Fisheries
•• Verities of water bodiesVerities of water bodies–– Rivers/StreamRivers/Stream–– Large RiverLarge River–– ReservoirsReservoirs–– DamsDams–– Natural lakesNatural lakes–– Delta/EstuariesDelta/Estuaries
•• Verities of water bodiesVerities of water bodies–– Rivers/StreamRivers/Stream–– Large RiverLarge River–– ReservoirsReservoirs–– DamsDams–– Natural lakesNatural lakes–– Delta/EstuariesDelta/Estuaries
SpeciesSpecies•• Sweet/Fresh WaterSweet/Fresh Water
–– Existing Farmed Species (Rohu, Carps, etc)Existing Farmed Species (Rohu, Carps, etc)–– Tilapia (Tilapia (Tilapia niloticusTilapia niloticus))–– Pangasius (Pangasius (Pangasius hypophthalmusPangasius hypophthalmus akaaka
bocourti)bocourti)–– Macrobrachia (Fresh Water Prawns)Macrobrachia (Fresh Water Prawns)
•• Sweet/Fresh WaterSweet/Fresh Water–– Existing Farmed Species (Rohu, Carps, etc)Existing Farmed Species (Rohu, Carps, etc)–– Tilapia (Tilapia (Tilapia niloticusTilapia niloticus))–– Pangasius (Pangasius (Pangasius hypophthalmusPangasius hypophthalmus akaaka
bocourti)bocourti)–– Macrobrachia (Fresh Water Prawns)Macrobrachia (Fresh Water Prawns)
Carp FarmCarp Farm
RohuRohu
Grass CarpGrass Carp
SortingSorting
Small Poultry/Fish Pond
Basa (Pangasius)Basa (Pangasius)
TilapiaTilapia
Fishing BoatsFishing Boats
•• Small scale in natureSmall scale in nature•• Artisanal fishing fleetArtisanal fishing fleet•• Wooden boatsWooden boats•• Lacks proper navigational, communicationLacks proper navigational, communication
and fishing gadgetsand fishing gadgets•• Inadequate preservation facilitiesInadequate preservation facilities•• Excellent seaworthyExcellent seaworthy
•• Small scale in natureSmall scale in nature•• Artisanal fishing fleetArtisanal fishing fleet•• Wooden boatsWooden boats•• Lacks proper navigational, communicationLacks proper navigational, communication
and fishing gadgetsand fishing gadgets•• Inadequate preservation facilitiesInadequate preservation facilities•• Excellent seaworthyExcellent seaworthy
Fishing BoatsFishing Boats
Fishing Boats (Cont.)Fishing Boats (Cont.)
MARINE SPECIES LARGE PELAGICSMARINE SPECIES LARGE PELAGICS
•• Includes large fastIncludes large fastswimming species likeswimming species like–– Spanish mackerelSpanish mackerel–– TunaTuna
•• Fished with pelagicFished with pelagiclonglines and gillnetslonglines and gillnets
•• Includes large fastIncludes large fastswimming species likeswimming species like–– Spanish mackerelSpanish mackerel–– TunaTuna
•• Fished with pelagicFished with pelagiclonglines and gillnetslonglines and gillnets
Big eye and Blue Fin TunaBig eye and Blue Fin Tuna
Cobia in OffCobia in Off--shore net penshore net pen
HamourHamour
TUNA LANDING BY LONG LINERTUNA LANDING BY LONG LINER
SMALL PELAGICSSMALL PELAGICS•• Meal reductionMeal reduction
–– Species groups includeSpecies groups include•• SardinellasSardinellas•• Indian mackerelIndian mackerel•• ScadsScads•• Miscellaneous clupeoidsMiscellaneous clupeoids•• Thryssas and anchoviesThryssas and anchovies
•• Some export ofSome export ofsardines and Indiansardines and Indianmackerel for foodmackerel for food
•• Meal reductionMeal reduction–– Species groups includeSpecies groups include
•• SardinellasSardinellas•• Indian mackerelIndian mackerel•• ScadsScads•• Miscellaneous clupeoidsMiscellaneous clupeoids•• Thryssas and anchoviesThryssas and anchovies
•• Some export ofSome export ofsardines and Indiansardines and Indianmackerel for foodmackerel for food
DEMERSALSDEMERSALS•• Most diverse groupMost diverse group•• Trawlers and bottomTrawlers and bottom--setset
gillnets and longlinesgillnets and longlines•• BottomBottom--dwelling speciesdwelling species
such assuch as•• Sharks, RaysSharks, Rays•• Sea catfishesSea catfishes•• BarracudasBarracudas•• EelsEels•• CroakersCroakers•• GruntsGrunts•• SnapperSnapper•• ThreadfinsThreadfins•• PomfretsPomfrets
•• Most diverse groupMost diverse group•• Trawlers and bottomTrawlers and bottom--setset
gillnets and longlinesgillnets and longlines•• BottomBottom--dwelling speciesdwelling species
such assuch as•• Sharks, RaysSharks, Rays•• Sea catfishesSea catfishes•• BarracudasBarracudas•• EelsEels•• CroakersCroakers•• GruntsGrunts•• SnapperSnapper•• ThreadfinsThreadfins•• PomfretsPomfrets
SHELLFISHSHELLFISH•• Includes several distinctIncludes several distinct
fisheriesfisheries–– TrawlersTrawlers
•• ShrimpsShrimps –– most importantmost important•• SquidsSquids•• CuttlefishesCuttlefishes•• JellyfishJellyfish
–– GillnetsGillnets•• CrabsCrabs•• LobstersLobsters
–– HandHand•• ClamsClams•• Ivory shellIvory shell
•• Includes several distinctIncludes several distinctfisheriesfisheries–– TrawlersTrawlers
•• ShrimpsShrimps –– most importantmost important•• SquidsSquids•• CuttlefishesCuttlefishes•• JellyfishJellyfish
–– GillnetsGillnets•• CrabsCrabs•• LobstersLobsters
–– HandHand•• ClamsClams•• Ivory shellIvory shell
Wild Harvest ShrimpWild Harvest Shrimp
Three Spot CrabsThree Spot Crabs
Marine AquacultureMarine AquacultureMarine AquacultureMarine Aquaculture(Sousa, Tunisia)
Hatchery
New Raceways
Processing Facility – Export Pack
HybridHybrid –– Live Holding andLive Holding andShipping of Wild HarvestShipping of Wild Harvest•• LobstersLobsters•• CrabCrab•• ShrimpShrimp•• ShellfishShellfish•• Fin FishFin Fish•• TunaTuna
•• LobstersLobsters•• CrabCrab•• ShrimpShrimp•• ShellfishShellfish•• Fin FishFin Fish•• TunaTuna
Physical RequirementsPhysical Requirements
•• Good waterGood water•• Good seedGood seed•• Well thought out farmsWell thought out farms
–– HatcheryHatchery–– NurseryNursery–– GrowoutGrowout
•• Processing and Distribution FacilitiesProcessing and Distribution Facilities–– Cold ChainCold Chain–– Including TransportationIncluding Transportation
•• InitiativeInitiative
•• Good waterGood water•• Good seedGood seed•• Well thought out farmsWell thought out farms
–– HatcheryHatchery–– NurseryNursery–– GrowoutGrowout
•• Processing and Distribution FacilitiesProcessing and Distribution Facilities–– Cold ChainCold Chain–– Including TransportationIncluding Transportation
•• InitiativeInitiative
RequirementsRequirements•• Feed production and availabilityFeed production and availability•• Supporting InfrastructureSupporting Infrastructure•• Government and Public SupportGovernment and Public Support•• Financial Support and RecognitionFinancial Support and Recognition•• Market DevelopmentMarket Development•• TechnologyTechnology (Training, Demonstration,(Training, Demonstration,
Hands On Assistance)Hands On Assistance)•• Testing, Certification, Veterinarian SupportTesting, Certification, Veterinarian Support•• Get Wild Harvest Industry up to standardsGet Wild Harvest Industry up to standards–– Reputation!!!Reputation!!!
•• Feed production and availabilityFeed production and availability•• Supporting InfrastructureSupporting Infrastructure•• Government and Public SupportGovernment and Public Support•• Financial Support and RecognitionFinancial Support and Recognition•• Market DevelopmentMarket Development•• TechnologyTechnology (Training, Demonstration,(Training, Demonstration,
Hands On Assistance)Hands On Assistance)•• Testing, Certification, Veterinarian SupportTesting, Certification, Veterinarian Support•• Get Wild Harvest Industry up to standardsGet Wild Harvest Industry up to standards–– Reputation!!!Reputation!!!
Supporting InfrastructureSupporting Infrastructure
•• Feed and Feed InputsFeed and Feed Inputs•• Hatcheries with certified disease free goodHatcheries with certified disease free good
growing stockgrowing stock•• Education SystemEducation System
–– ProfessionalProfessional–– TechnicalTechnical–– On goingOn going
•• Feed and Feed InputsFeed and Feed Inputs•• Hatcheries with certified disease free goodHatcheries with certified disease free good
growing stockgrowing stock•• Education SystemEducation System
–– ProfessionalProfessional–– TechnicalTechnical–– On goingOn going
Need to Implement and ExecuteNeed to Implement and Execute
•• There have been a lot of studiesThere have been a lot of studies•• A lot of PlanningA lot of Planning•• But few physical effortsBut few physical efforts•• Now is the time to “Shoot the EngineersNow is the time to “Shoot the Engineers
and Build the Bridge!”and Build the Bridge!”•• Let’s make it happen!Let’s make it happen!
•• There have been a lot of studiesThere have been a lot of studies•• A lot of PlanningA lot of Planning•• But few physical effortsBut few physical efforts•• Now is the time to “Shoot the EngineersNow is the time to “Shoot the Engineers
and Build the Bridge!”and Build the Bridge!”•• Let’s make it happen!Let’s make it happen!
Questions ?Questions ?
CONTACTCONTACT
Gleyn Bledsoe, PhD, CPAGleyn Bledsoe, PhD, CPAEmail:Email: [email protected]@live.com
Gleyn Bledsoe, PhD, CPAGleyn Bledsoe, PhD, CPAEmail:Email: [email protected]@live.com