a guide book of english coins, nineteenth and twentieth centuries : a complete, illustrated...

8/11/2019 A guide book of English coins, nineteenth and twentieth centuries : a complete, illustrated valuation catalogue of

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A GUIDE BOOKofENGLISH COINSNINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURIES

Second Edition 1962-1963ByKENNETH E. BRESSETTA Complete, Illustrated ValuationCatalogue of Modern English Coins

with Official Reports of CoinageFigures for Each Year and His-torical Notes About Each Issue.

WHITMAN PUBLISHING COMPANYRACINE, WISCONSINNo. 9060


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Frontispiece: Crown size medallion in gilding metal struck onthe occasion of the British Exhibition in New York City, 1960.These artistic pieces were modeled by Christopher Ironside andstruck with coining equipment set up by the Royal Mint at theExhibition. The obverse shows a version of the arms of the RoyalMint, and the reverse, the British Lion and Crown and theAmerican Eagle with a shield showing the standards of the twonations.Copyright 1962WHITMAN PUBLISHING COMPANYRacine, WisconsinPrinted in U.S.A.


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'- /' )/FOREWORDA growing interest in the hobby of collecting British coins by dates hasprompted the publication of this catalogue. The first edition was privatelyprinted in 1960 by Thomas E. Mowery and, although little more than a price-list of dates, it did serve the needs of collectors for a guide to a heretoforeunexplored series.

The Mowery catalogue has served as a forerunner to this book. It pointedthe way to what collectors needed in the way of a comprehensive listing and,with his assistance, this book has been completely rewritten and revised withthe American collector in mind. All prices are in American dollars and cents.In keeping with other WHITMAN coin catalogues, each type of coin is il-lustrated and discussed prior to the listings covering dates and values. Coinsare grouped according to denomination, from the smallest to the largest.Many people helped in the compilation of this catalogue. Sincere thanks

are due to Mr. D. F. Starck, Librarian and Curator of the Royal Mint forhis part in supplying accurate listings of early Mint reports; to Mr. RobertC. Willey for making his collection available for photography and to Mr. Al-fred E. Petrie for allowing me to study and photograph coins in the CanadianNational Archives. Messrs. William Clark and Sawyer McA. Mosser alsohelped by supplying photographs of coins in the collection of the AmericanNumismatic Society.Collectors of English coins will find this catalogue a handy source of easy-

to-find information and an accurate guide to present day valuations of theircoins. The casual inquirer, too, will find no difficulty in locating coins in thisbook and finding out all he wants to know about them. To further your in-terest in the field of collecting English coins, the following monthly publi-cations are recommended as excellent sources of information and currentprices: The Numismatic Circular, Spink 8s Son, Ltd., 5-7 King Street, London,S. W. 1; and Seaby's Coin and Medal Bulletin, B. A. Seaby, Ltd., 65 GreatPortland Street, London, W. 1.

PANEL OF CONTRIBUTORS TO THESecond EditionLauren Benson Alfred E. PetrieJames E. Charlton James W. WellsLeRoy (Pete) Foerster Robert C. WilleyThomas E. Mowery Richard S. Yeoman


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INTRODUCTIONThis catalogue covers the history and coinage of Great Britain from the lastfew years of the Eighteenth Century up to the present date. It was duringthis period, starting in 1797, that the first of the modern English coins beganto appear. The modernization was largely due to the efforts of Matthew Boul-ton who designed new equipment and minting techniques.During the years 1810-1812 the present Royal Mint was built and power-ful machinery was erected by Boulton and Watt. In 1816 a complete new issueof coinage was started. Half crowns, shillings and sixpence were struck during

that year. The silver issue was reduced in size and weight to sixty-six shillingsinstead of sixty-two to the troy pound. This size and weight continued up tothe present day and all silver from 1816 is still legally current.The improvement in British coinage was an outgrowth of her rise as a worldpower in the Nineteenth Century. It was no longer possible to use bank tokens,private tokens, counterstamped Spanish dollars and even counterfeit coppers, -in world trade. With a new coinage it was possible to impose the British mone-tary system upon her thriving colonies, which had previously used othersystems. To make this more palatable certain special British denominationswere coined to bridge between the new and old colonial systems. Except by

denomination these special issues were indistinguishable from the regularBritish coins.The Groat (4 pence silver, 1838-56, 1888) was a substitute for the old %guilder used in British Guiana. The % farthing (1839-53) and lA farthing(1839-56) were coined as rough equivalents of % and 1 duit and Yi and 1Indian pie. The 1J^ pence (1838-62) was roughly equal to the Indian anna, andto the Spanish-American J4 real used in Jamaica. The }4 farthing (1844-1913)substituted for Malta's 1 grano. Even though actually Colonial, these fraction-al coins rightfully belong in a British type set and have been included in thiscatalogue.The first coins ever used in England were probably those that were coined

in Gaul in the early part of the Second Century B.C. These coins were closeimitations of gold coins issued by Philip of Macedon and were called philip-pics. In Gaul these coins became more and more crude as they were imitatedby each generation, and by the time they reached Great Britain and werestill further imitated, they had degenerated to simply surrealistic patternswhich hardly resembled the originals.Roman coinage was introduced to the country at the time of the conquestby Julius Caesar and first minted in Britain by Carausius (287-293 A.D.) whoreigned in Britain and a small part of Gaul. Mints were established at Londonand Colchester and money was coined on the Roman standard until 388 A.D.

The earliest of the true English coins are known as scearfas. They are small,thick pieces of many varieties and types. In most cases they are without thename of any king or any legend whatsoever. The few inscriptions which doappear on these coins indicate that they were struck about 650 A.D.Toward the end of the Eighth Century, under the influence of a changewhich had taken place in the coinage of France, the small, thick sceaf wasreplaced by a thinner, but much broader piece which was known as a penny.It was first coined during the reign of Offa, King of Mercia 757-795 A.D. Thecorresponding coins of France were based on a standard devised by Charle-magne, who used the basic unit of a pound of solid silver. This correspondedto the Roman aes grave, which was a large bronze coin weighing one Romanpound. Charlemagne's silver coins were called deniers (from the Latin denar-


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ius). King Offa divided the pound into 240 parts and issued silver pennieswith a value of 1/240 of a pound.It is interesting to note that the reverse side of most of these early pennieswas decorated with a cross which served a dual purpose as a religious symboland as a convenient guide for dividing the coins into two parts for half penniesor four parts for quarter pennies, which were called farthings from the Anglo-Saxon word feurthing meaning ]/i-During the reign of Edward III new coins were added to the silver penniesoriginated by King Offa. Edward III established a complete coinage systemcontaining gold and silver coins of several denominations. The first shillingswere issued about 100 years later by Henry VII (1485-1509). The shilling

was worth 12 pence or 1/20 of a pound. The name shilling was derived fromthe Anglo-Saxon word scilling, meaning "to divide."The present-day symbol for the pound, , stands for the Roman word libra,meaning pound. The small s, which designates the shilling, originally stoodfor solidus, a Roman coin that circulated in England during the occupation.Thus the English monetary system, as it has evolved through the centuries,is not based upon a decimal system but has continued to use the cumbersomedivisions of the Roman pound.' The common coin of the lowest value thefarthing has recently been demonetized and withdrawn from circulation.'Undoubtedly, the halfpenny, also of menial value, will soon follow into ob-livion. Perhaps in the not too distant future, an entirely new monetary systembased on decimal divisions of the pound will become standardized.The gold guinea, which was last minted in 1813, is no longer a current coin,but this.denomination is still used in pricing goods. It is equivalent to 21 shil-lings.(Modern gold coins are the half pound (or half sovereign, equivalent to10 shillings), one pound, two pounds and five pounds. These gold coins areno longer found in circulation and the largest silver pieces, the crowns, arealso gone from general usei In common British vernacular, the shilling isknown as a "bob"; the sixpence is known as a "tanner" and the pound iscalled a "quid." The table of common English coin equivalents is as follows:2 Farthings = 1 Half Penny2 Half Pennies = 1 Penny (1 d)3 Pennies = 1 Threepence6 Pennies = 1 Sixpence12 Pennies = 1 Shilling2 Shillings = 1 Florin2 Vi. Shillings = 1 Half Crown

5 Shillings = 1 Crown20 Shillings = 1 Pound ()21 Shillings = 1 GuineaSOVEREIGNS OF GREAT BRITAINSTUART LINEJames I (1603-1625)Charles I (1625-1649)Charles II (1649- )Commonwealth andProtectorate (1649-1659)Charles II (1660-1685)James II (1685-1688)HOUSE OF ORANGE

William III andMary II (1689-1694)AnneSTUART LINE(1702-1714)HOUSE OF HANOVERGeorge I (1714-1727)George II (1727-1760)George III (1760-1820)George IV (1820-1830)William IV (1830-1837)Victoria (1837-1901)SAXE-COBURG LINE

Edward VII (1901-1910)HOUSE OF WINDSORGeorge V (1910-1936)Edward VIII (1936)George VI (1936-1952)Elizabeth II(1952- )


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EXPLANATION OF CONDITIONS OF COINS ANDOTHER NUMISMATIC TERMS USED IN THIS BOOKPROOF On certain occasions the Mint is authorized to strike special coinsknown as "proofs." In preparing these coins, the dies and metal blanks arehighly polished and the coins are struck with great pressure and care. Proofcoins can be distinguished by their sharpness of detail and extremely brilliant,mirror-like surface. Specimen sets of proof coins were usually issued on the

occasion of the introduction of a new type of coinage and for the coronationof a new monarch. These coins are not intended for circulation and oftenhave a different edge device than the regular coins.Prior to 1887, proof coins were privately sold by Mint officials. The proofsets of 1902 all have a dull, "matte," surface produced by the use of chemicalsin the finishing process which removes the brilliant surface and leaves thecoins with a frosted iridescent finish. The term "proof" describes the methodof manufacture of a coin and not its condition. Occasionally, proof coins show

signs of wear or abuse.UNCIRCULATED The term uncirculated is usually abbreviated, Unc.It is used to describe a coin that has never been used as money and is stillin the same new condition as the day it was minted. A coin with even theslightest sign of wear cannot qualify for this condition.Uncirculated coins frequently lose their original mint brilliance or becometarnished with age which sometime decreases their value. Older copper orbronze coins with full mint lustre (bright reddish or gold color) are valued

higher than ordinary uncirculated coins.Farthings minted from 1897 to 1918 have a special blackened finish to dis-tinguish them from gold coins. Certain pennies and threepence coined duringthe war years were also darkened at the Mint to save them from being hoarded.These coins, although in uncirculated condition, do not have the usual bril-liant surface.The term "Fleur-de-coin" (FDC) is used throughout Europe to designatean uncirculated coin.EXTREMELY FINE (Ex. Fine) Once a coin has received slight wear

from handling or contact with other coins, it is no longer uncirculated and iscalled "extremely fine" or occasionally, "about uncirculated." A coin in thiscondition has every appearance of being in perfect condition with the ex-ception of very minor flaws or friction spots.VERY FINE (V. Fine)A coin in "very fine" condition shows signs of hav-ing been in circulation and the highest points on the coin are slightly flattenedfrom wear. A "very fine" coin must have all of the fine line details of the designstill showing and can have no disfiguring nicks or scratches.

FINE Coins in "fine" condition have been worn from considerable use incirculation. Many parts of the coin, including the outer raised rim will berounded or flattened from wear. Minor nicks and blemishes are to be expected.[7]


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The overall appearance, however, is still pleasing and all details still showclearly.GOOD Common coins are not often collected in "good" condition. Rare orvaluable coins in this condition are sometimes saved when no others are avail-able. A "good" coin is one that is so worn that most of the details are fiat andnumerous nicks and scratches may be present. All of the principal design andlettering must be discernible.

COINAGE FIGURES The figures listed in this book under "quantityminted" indicate the number of coins minted each year, as stated in the officialreports from the Royal Mint. These quantities refer to the number of piecescoined in a given year but do not necessarily mean that the coins bear thatparticular date. The proper corrections have been made (and noted) whendiscrepancies such as this are known. The quantity of coins minted originallydoes not necessarily relate to the present day rarity of a coin.MINT MARKS Nearly all British coins are minted at the Royal Mint in

London. These coins do not bear any special marking to indicate where theywere coined. Several branch mints have been established in various cities overthe years in order to produce sufficient quantities of coins for the UnitedKingdom. All branch mint coins have a special mark to indicate their placeof origin. The mint marks found on British coins are as follows:C Ottawa, CanadaH Ralph Heaton and Sons, The Mint, Birmingham, Ltd.I Bombay, India

KN Kings Norton Metal Co., BirminghamM Melbourne, AustraliaP Perth, AustraliaSA Pretoria, South AfricaSOHO Soho Mint, LondonS Sydney, AustraliaPICTURES The illustrations in this book are photographs of actual coins.All of these are shown in true size.

PRICES Valuations in this catalogue are an average of the current pricesthat collectors pay for each coin as ascertained from dealers' stocks, pricelists, sales catalogues and recent auction sales. These prices are not an offerto buy or sell coins and neither the author nor publisher deal in coins. Allprices are in American dollars and cents.DESCRIPTIONS The OBVERSE of a British coin is the side on whichthe monarch's head appears. The opposite side is called the REVERSE. TheLEGEND is the inscription, which is usually in Latin. A cut blank of metal,

prepared for coinage, is known as a PLANCHET. Each different design isreferred to as a TYPE. A minor refinement or change in a TYPE is knownas a VARIETY.[8]


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BRITISH COLONIAL COINSQuarter, third and half-farthings were struck for use in some of the coloniesthat used the other English coins. They are generally included in collectionsof this series. The half-farthings were made current in England in 1842 butnever circulated extensively.COPPER QUARTER-FARTHING

This fractional farthing was coined solely for use in Ceylon. The obverseshows the head of the queen and was struck from dies of the Maundy two-pence. This denomination was roughly the equivalent of J^ duit and 3^ Indianpie. The regular issue is struck in copper. A few proof specimens were struckin bronze. Dies by William Wyon.Victoria 1837-1901Date Good Fine V. Fine Ex. Fine Unc. Proof1839 $2.00 $2.75 $3.75 $5.00 $6.50

1851 2.50 3.25 4.25 5.75 7.501852 2.25 3.00 4.00 5.50 7.00 $15.001853 3.00 3.75 4.75 6.00 8.50 20.001868 Proofs only 20.00

COPPER THIRD-FARTHINGThese coins were made for use in Malta and were the first pieces issuedspecially for the island after it became a British possession. The regular Eng-

lish farthing was already circulating there as three Maltese grains and thenew coin was made of similar design and exactly one-third the weight, to passas one grain. Dies by William Wyon. A total of 3,951,520 pieces were struckdated 1827 and 1835.George IV 1820-1830

1827..75 1.00 1.25 1.75 3.00 10.00

1835.William IV 1830-18371.00 1.50 1.50 2.00 3.50 12.00[9]


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British Colonial Coins

Date1844 Copper1844 Copper RE inplace of REG.Victoria 1837-1901

Quantity Minted Good Fine V. Fine Ex. Fine Unc. Proof$1.00 $1.50 $2.00 $2.50 $5.001,301,0402.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 10.00BRONZE THIRD-FARTHING

\ 1 Victoria 1837-1901

Third-farthings issued in 1866 and after are struck in bronze. The headof Victoria is from dies by L. C. Wyon after a model by W. Theed. Severalminor die varieties exist in the number of leaves and acorns in the wreath.1866 576,000 1.00 1.25 1.75 2.50 5.00 10.001868 144,000 .60 1.00 1.25 2.00 4.00 8.001876 162,000 .75 1.25 1.50 2.25 5.001878 288,000 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 6.001881 144,000 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 6.00 10.00

1884 60 1.00 1.25 2.00 4.001885 288,000 .60 1.00 1.25 2.00 4.00

1913 288,000Edward VII 1901-19101902 288,000 .50.60

.75 1.00 2.00

George V 1910-1936.45.65.80 1.00 1.75COPPER HALF-FARTHINGThe copper half-farthing was originally made for use in Ceylon. It was

made current for use in the United Kingdom by a proclamation in 1842 andremained so until demonetized along with the rest of the copper coinagein 1869.10 1


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Copper Half-FarthingGeorge IV 1820-1830

Two different reverse varieties occur: Variety I with trident prongs slightlyabove the base of the lettering and Variety II with trident touching the baseof the letters.

Date Quantity Minted Good 'Fine V. Fine Ex. Fine Unc. Proof1828 Variety I $1.50 $2.50 $3.75 $5.00 $8.00 $15.001828 Variety II 1.75 2.75 4.00 5.50 9.001830 Variety 1 2.00 3.00 3.50 6.00 10.001830 Variety II 2.50 4.00 4.50 7.00 12.00 25.00William IV 1830-1837

1837.

1.50 2.50 3.00 4.00 6.50Victoria 1837-1901

Variety I 1839 Variety II 1842-1868When this denomination was declared a current coin in 1842, the reversewas changed to show a rose, thistle and shamrock to make it more uniformwith the three higher denominations. Proof specimens struck in bronze or

bronzed copper are occasionally seen. Dies by William Wyon.1839 75 1.10 1.50 1.75 3.00 15.001842 65 1.00 1.25 1.50 3.001843 3,440,640 .50 .75 .90 1.25 1.501844 \fi 4^1 nn -35 -50 -65 -90 1351844 E over N jo,tDi,tvKi lQQ 2QQ 2 50 3 00 5 0()1847 3,010,560 .75 1.00 1.25 1.50 2.001851 60 .85 1.00 1.35 2.50

1852 989,184 .70 1.10 1.25 1.50 2.251853 955,224 .65 1.00 1.25 1.50 2.25 8.001854 677,376 .65 1.00 1.25 1.50 2.501856 913,920 .90 1.25 1.50 2.00 2.501868 Proofs only 15.00[11]


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British Colonial CoinsSILVER THREE-HALFPENCEThese coins were never issued for circulation in England. They were struckfor use in Ceylon, British Guiana, and the British West Indies which used theordinary British currency. They were a rough equivalent to the Indian annaand to the Spanish-American J4 real used in Jamaica and are similar tothe silver Maundy coins except for the crowned 1 Yi on reverse.William IV 1830-1837

Date Quantity Minted Good1834 $ .751835 1.00

1836 1.001837 2.50FineV. FineEx. FineUnc.$1.25$1.75$2.50$3.501.502.002.753.00

1.502.002.753.003.504.505.008.00Proof

Victoria 1837-19011333 75 1.25 1.75 2.25 3.001839 60 .90 1.35 1.75 2.251840 1.25 2.00 3.00 3.50 4.501841 75 1.10 1.65 2.25 2.751842 75 1.10 1.65 2.25 2.751843 60 .90 1.25 1.75 2.251860 65 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.501862 65 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.501870 Proof or pattern only. V. Rare 30.00Silver half groats or twopences dated 1838 and 1848 were struck for Colonialuse. They cannot be distinguished from the regular Maundy coins. One ortwo other years may have been struck for use in the colonies. See listing underMaundy coins, page 91.SILVER GROATThe silver groat or four pence was coined to substitute for the 34 guilderin British Guiana. The colonial issues differ from the Maundy money on thereverse which shows Britannia seated and the date in the exergue. The edgeis reeded. This denomination was suggested by Joseph Hume, a fact which

earned them the name of "fourpenny Joey."William IV 1830-1837

836. ..50.50.75751.001.001.251.252.502.50

8.00837962,28010.00121


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Silver Groats

Victoria 1837-1901Date Quantity Minted Good Fine1837 Proof or pattern, only1838 2,150,280 $ .40 $ .501839 1,461,240 .45 .601840 1,496,880 .40 .501841 344,520 .75 1.001842 724,680 .50 .751843 1,817,640 .50 .751844 855,360 .75 1.501845 914,760 .50 .751846 1,366,200 .50 .751847 7 of date over 6. . .225,720 4.00 6.001848 8 of date over 6 75 1.501848 50 .751849 1.00 2.001851 2.00 3.00

1852 4.00 6.001853 3.00 5.001854 1,096,613 .40 .501855 646,041 .50 .751856 95,040 No coins with1857 Proof only1862 Proof only1888 Issued for colonial use only .60 .85V. FineEx. FineUnc.Proof$15.00$ .75$ .85 $ 2.0010.00801.002.258.007585

2.001.251.502.50851.002.259.00851.002.252.002.504.50851.002.25851.002.257.008.00

20.002.002.504.50851.002.252.503.005.003.504.0010.007.008.0020.006.007.0013.0020.0075852.00851.002.25this date are known to exist.20.001.001.152.5018.00COINS OF GREAT BRITAINCOPPER FARTHINGSDuring the first ten years of the reign of George III no copper pieces werecoined other than a small issue totaling 3,810, apparently all farthings, struckfrom dies of George II dated 1754.In 1771, 1773, 1774 and 1775 copper farthings were struck for George IIIn the same style and weight as former years. Then followed a hiatus of twenty-two years during which time no regal copper coins were issued.In 1797 a remarkable series of full intrinsic value copper penny and two-penny pieces were issued. Because of their size, they soon became known as"cartwheels." Proof farthings of this type were struck as pattern pieces, butthis design was never adopted.Matthew Boulton started making farthings of a slightly different designn 1799 at his Soho mint. The reverse of this coin has the inscription I.FARTH-ING around the lower edge. This was the first time that the name of a de-nomination is given on an English regal coin.13


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Copper FarthingsGeorge III 1760-1820

Date Quantity Minted Good Fine V. Fine Ex. Fine line.1799 3 berries in wreath* $..50 $.75 $1.00 $2.00 $4.001799 4 berries in wreath* 50 .75 2.75 3.50 7.00*Note: Coins must be V. Fine or better in order to count the berries.Proof

.50

.751.002.003.50.601.251.753.005.5018061807A total of 10,557 worth of farthings were coined by Boulton in the years1799, 1806 and 1807. All of these dies were produced by Conrad HeinrichKiichler.George IV 1820-1830First IssueThe first issue of coins for George IV have a laureate bust of the kingfacing left. The obverse was designed by Benedetto Pistrucci and the reverseby William Wyon. The unconventional Roman numeral IIII was used oncoins of the first issue from 1821 to 1826. This was replaced on the secondissue by IV.1821 2,688,000

1822 . .5.924,3521823 \1823 Letter I for [2,365,4401 in date J1825 4,300,8001826 Both types 6,666,240

1.00.35.752.00.50

1.253.00.751.755.001.252.503.502.503.5010.002.50

4.5010.0015.00[14]


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Copper FarthingsSecond IssueIn 1825 the king objected to the continuance of Pistrucci's portrait whichhe found distasteful because of the puffed face, thick neck and wiry hair.William Wyon was commissioned to produce a new design which was usedon the farthings from 1826 to 1830.

Date Quantity Minted1826 Both types 6,666,2401827 2,365,4401828 2,365,4401829 1,505,2801830 2,365,440

oodFineV. FineEx. FineUna Proof35

$ .50$ .75$1.25$2.50 $10.005075

1.001.503.005075

1.001.503.00

751.251.753.005.5060

1.001.502.504.00William IV 1830-1837The po rtrait on the coins of William IV was engraved by William Wyonfrom a model by Sir Francis Chantrey.

1831 2,688,0001834 1,935,3601835 1,720,3201836 1,290,240

1837 3,010,5604570

1.001.753.004570

1.001.753.004570

1.001.753.00751.00

1.252.504.005075

1.002.003.5010.00Victoria 1837-1901Young Head, Copper IssueThe heavy-weight coins of Queen Victoria were designed by William Wyonwhose initials WW appear on the truncation of the neck. The reverse is hisdesign of Britannia seated, first used during the reign of George IV, withREG substituted for REX.The designer's initials WW are raised on coins issued from 1838 to 1853and for some dated 1855. The letters are incuse on coins dated 1853-1860.Coins in this series are frequently found with letters and stops that are weak

or missing due to the use of worn dies.Copper farthings dated 1860 are not mentioned in the Mint report and nonewere issued for circulation. A few of these rare pieces are, however, knownto exist.[15]


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Copper Farthings

Date Quantity Minted838591,3608394,300,8008403,010,5608411,720,3208421,290,240843)843Letter I for [ 4,085,760indate J844430,0808453,225,6008462,580,4808473,879,7208481,290,240849645,120850430,080851851Dof

DEI over d.852.822,5282 WW. ralSed)l,028,628853WWincuse j' '8546,504,960855W.W. raised.855WW incuse..856856R of 1.1,771,392

VICTORIAover Ej8571,075,2008581,720,3208591,290,240860,935,360

3,440,640$.50.004040.2575

2.504.00.00.004575.507575.007525503575.0075

2.006045750.00

Good Fine V. Fine Ex. Fine Unc. Proof$.75.506060.75.50

4.006.00.50

.5070.50

2.00.50.50

2.00.50357550.50

2.00.50

$1.002.00.00.00.00

2.006.000.00

2.002.00.00

2.002.752.002.00.00

2.0050.0060

2.00.00

2.00$1.25.00.25.25

4.00.00.002.00.00.00.25.00

4.00.00.00

4.00.00.00.2575.00

4.00.00

$2.504.002.502.50.50

4.000.00

20.004.004.00.00

4.006.004.004.006.004.002.002.75

2.004.006.004.00.00

15.005.00

7.00.004.00851.25701.00.502.00

6.008.00.753.50.503.00.004.00

70.00100.00125.00 300.00Proofsdated 1841were probably restruckat the Mintat a later date.

BRONZEFARTHINGSn1860 a newbronze coinage wasadopted toreplace the copper coins

whichwore too rapidly for extensive circulation. The new, more durable, alloywascomposed of 95parts of copper, four of tinand one of zinc. The coinswerelsosmaller and thinner, therefore more convenientto carry. The dieswerengravedby Mr. LeonardCharles Wyon, thenEngraver tothe Mint.

The earliestdies of 1860have anouter circle of roundbeads. These ap-parently didnotwear wellandlater inthe year thisborder wasreplacedwith

circle of elongatedor toothedbeads. Asingle specimendated 1860withbeadedobverse andtoothedreverse isreportedtoexist.6]


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Bronze Farthings

Date Quantity Minted Good Fine V. Fine Ex. Fine Unc. Proof1860 Round beads. . . \, ,7 ,nn $2.50 $3.50 $4.50 $6.00 $8.00 $15.001860 Toothed beads../ ,D/''4 .40 .60 .85 1.75 4.001861 8,601,600 .40 .60 1.00 1.25 4.50 7.001862 14,336,000 .65 .90 1.25 1.75 4.50 15.00

1863 1,433,600 9.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 20.00 *30.001864 2,508,800 1.50 2.50 3.00 4.00 6.00

1865 5 over 2 1865 Large 8 1865 Small 81865 5 over 2 ] 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 6.001865 Large 8 H.659,200 .75 1.00 1.50 2.00 4.001865 Small 8 J .75 1.00 1.50 2.00 4.00

1866 3,584,000 .40 .60 1.00 1.25 3.50 15.001867 5,017,600 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 5.00 15.001868 4,851,208 1.50 2.50 3.00 4.00 7.00 10.001869 3,225,600 2.50 4.50 5.50 7.00 10.001872 2,150,400 3.00 5.00 6.50 8.00 10.001873 3,225,620 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 7.50*Proofs dated 1863 were probably struck at the Mint at a later date.During the 1870's and 1880's the Mint was often working to full capacity.In some of these years much of the bronze coinage was manufactured, under

government supervision, by Messrs. Ralph Heaton and Sons at Birmingham.These coins are distinguished by the presence of a small letter H below date.There was a principal change in the portrait in 1874 when the nose wasmade more aquiline and the neck thicker. Further slight changes, such as alower bridge to the nose and less wavy hair, were made in subsequent yearsup to 1883 after which the bust remained unaltered until the veiled head wassubstituted. The only major reverse changes were a reduction in the size ofthe date in 1875 and the addition of heraldic coloring lines to the shield ofBritannia in 1881.

Heaton Mint Mark1874 H1874 H Both ^3,584,000G's over rj . . .

1.00Heraldic Color Lines on Shield

1.50 2.00 2.50 5.00 15.007.50 10.00 12.00 15.00 20.00[17]


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Bronze FarthingsDate Quantity Minted Good Fine V. Fine Ex. Fine Unc. Proof1875 Obv. of 1873Large Date 712,760 $12.00 $15.00 $20.00 $25.00 $30.001875 Obv. of 1873Small Date Incl. above 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.001875 Obv. of 1874Small Date Incl. above 12.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.001875 H 6,092,800 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 4.00 15.001876 H 1,175,200 10.00 14.00 18.00 22.00 30.001877 Proofs were struck at a later date. None issued for circulation. . 75.00

1878 4,008,540 2.00 3.00 4.50 5.00 7.00 12.001879 3,977,180 1.75 2.50 3.00 3.50 5.001880 1,842,710 3.50 5.00 6.50 8.00 12.001881 3,494,670 1.25 2.00 2.75 3.50 5.501881 Shield heraldically colored. Proof only 20.001881 H 1,792,000 2.00 3.00 3.75 4.50 7.001882 H 1,792,000 2.50 3.50 4.25 5.00 8.00 15.001883 1,128,680 3.00 5.00 6.00 7.50 10.00 15.001884 5,782,000 .50 1.00 1.50 2.00 3.50 17.001885 ..5,442,308 .60 1.25 1.75 2.50 4.00 17.001886 7,767,790 .45 .75 1.00 1.25 3.00 15.001887 1,340,800 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 7.501888 1,887,250 1.50 2.50 3.25 4.00 6.001890 2,133,070 1.25 1.75 2.25 2.75 5.00 17.001891 4,959,690 .45 .70 1.00 1.50 2.50 15.001892 887,240 3.00 4.50 5.50 7.00 10.00 17.001893 3,904,320 .60 .90 1.50 2.00 3.501894 2,396,770 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.501895 *2,852,852 3.50 5.00 6.50 8.00 11.00Note: HONI S (incuse), which appears on the edge of the mantle up to 1892(often very indistinctly, owing to the worn state of many of the dies),disappears entirely from 1893 to 1895.Veiled Head IssueThe dies for this issue were engraved by G. W. de Saulles. The obverseis from a model by Thomas Brock. The reverse is a modified copy of L. C.Wyon's design with the lighthouse and ship eliminated.Most of the farthings dated 1897, and all those of subsequent dates up to

and including 1917, were issued with a black finish so that they could be morereadily distinguished from the half sovereign.

1895 *2,852,8521896 3,668,6101897 Brilliant finish.1897 Black finish.4,579,8001.252.002.503.004.50

.651.001.401.853.00.35.50.651.255.00.35.58.65

1.002.5012.00*A total of 2,852,852 farthings, both aged head and veiled head were mintedin 1895.18


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Bronze FarthingsDate Quantity Minted Good Fine V. Fine Ex. Fine Unc. Proof1898 4,010,080 $.55 $.75 $1.10 $1.50 $3.001899 3,864,616 .50 .70 1.00 1.35 3.001900 5,969,317 .25 .35 .50 .75 1.751901 8,016,459 .25 .35 .50 .75 1.75 Edward VII 1901-1910No coins of King Edward were issued until 1902 when new dies were en-graved by G. W. de Saulles, the Mint Engraver. The reverse of the farthings

of 1903 was made from dies of the 1901 Victoria coins and show the horizonin a slightly lower position than on all other varieties.All of the farthings of Edward VII have the blackened finish that was firstintroduced in 1897 to distinguish them from the half-sovereigns.

1902 5,125,120 .40 .60 .90 1.25 2.00 18.001903 5,331,200 .40 .60 .90 1.25 2.251904 3,628,800 .85 1.35 1.75 2.25 3.751905 4,076,800 .70 1.00 1.35 1.75 3.25

1906 5,340,160 .40 .60 .90 1.25 2.251907 4,399,360 .50 .75 1.00 1.35 2.251908 4,264,960 .40 .60 .90 1.25 2.251909 8,852,480 .35 .45 .55 .75 1.751910 2,598,400 .90 1.50 2.00 2.75 4.50George V 1910-1936The portrait on the bronze farthings of George V was engraved by Sir Bert-ram Mackennal. The reverse was identical with that of the previous reign.With few alterations these dies were used until 1926 when a modified and veryslightly smaller head is used. The designer's initials BM, on the truncationof the neck, were also made smaller and the periods eliminated. The reverse

was also slightly altered.The special blackened finish was discontinued and the bright finish was onceagain used in 1918 and thereafter since no half-sovereigns were issued forcirculation after 1915.

1911 5,196,8001912 7,669,7601913 4,184,320

.40

.50.601.001.75.25.35.50.751.50.40.50.601.001.6019


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Bronze FarthingsDate Quantity Minted914 6,126,988915 7,129,254916 10,993,325917 21,434,844918 19,362,818919 15,089,425920 11,480,536921 9,469,097922 9,956,983923 8,034,457924 8,733,414925 12,634,697926 9,792,397927 7,868,355928 11,625,600929 8,419,200930 4,195,200931 6,595,200932 9,292,800933 4,560,000934 3,052,800935 2,227,200

GoodFineV. FineEx. FineUnc.

Proof$ .30$.40$ .50$ .75$1.5025354560.5030354050.2520253550.2515202545.0015202545.001520

2545.2520253050.2515203050.2525355065.5025355065.5015253550.3515253040.50

$15.0015202545.255.0015202545.255.0020253060.505.00456075.00

2.006.0025354560.755.0015202550.505.0020304060.506.00406075.00

2.006.0080.25.50

2.004.008.00

Edward VIII 1936Farthings dated 1936 were issued during the reign of King Edward VIII.All ofthese coins have the name and portrait ofGeorge V, due to the fact thathe Mint did not have time to prepare coins with the portrait ofKing Edward

before he abdicated the throne to marry Mrs. Wallace Simpson, an American.936 8,256,000 .20 .30 .50 .75 1.50 18.00

George VI 1936-1952A new reverse design was adopted for the farthing in 1937 mainly due tocertain members ofthe Royal Mint Advisory Committee who favored a com-plete departure fromthe traditional design offormer years. A number ofartists were invited to submit designs and that ofa wren, by H. Wilson Parker,was finally accepted.n 1937, 1950 and 1951 proofstrikings were issued in specimen sets. Proofs

ofother years are all extremely rare.Quantity MintedDate ProofRegular Fine Ex. Fine Unc. Proof937 (26,402) 9,609,600 .25 .35 1.00 2.00938 7,449,600 .25 .35 1.00939 31,440,000 .15 .20 .75

20]


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Bronze FarthingsQuantity MintedDate Proof Regular Fine Ex. Fine Unc. Proof1940 18,360,000 $.15 $.20 $.651941 27,312,000 .15 .20 .651942 28,857,600 .10 .15 .501943 33,345,600 .10 .15 .50

1944 25,137,600 .10 .15 .501945 23,736,000 .10 15 .501946 24,364,800 .10 .15 .501947 14,745,600 .10 .15 .501948 16,662,400 .10 .15 .60The words INDIAE IMPERATOR (Emperor of India) were omitted fromthe Royal Titles on all coinage after January 1, 1949. In the case of thefarthings this necessitated the omission of IND:IMP. and the expansion ofF:D: to FIDEI DEF.

1949 8,424,000 .10 .15 .451950 (17,513) 10,324,800 .10 .15 .35 1.251951 (20,000) 14,016,000 .10 .15 .35 1.501952 5,251,200 .10 .15 .45Elizabeth II 1952-The Queen's portrait on these farthings was designed by Mrs. Mary Gillick.The original portrait was in very low relief and showed little detail in thehair and features. This defect was remedied by retouching the dies early in1953. The reverse continues to use the wren designed by H. W. Parker for

the farthings of George VI.In 1954 the dies were further retouched to sharpen the portrait and thelegend was changed to eliminate BRITT: OMN: from the Queen's title.Proof specimens struck during 1954-1956 are all extremely rare. The 1953proofs were issued in specimen sets late in the year and all show the recutportrait.

1953 (40,000) 6,109,200 .10 .15 .35 1.50

1954 6,566,400 .10 .15 .351955 5,779,200 .10 .15 .251956 1,996,800 .60 .75 1.00No farthings were coined after 1956. The use of this denomination as aunit of currency was discontinued and all coins in circulation recalled effectiveJanuary 1, 1961. Only a limited number, however, have been turned in atbanks and returned to the Mint for melting.COPPER HALFPENNIESNo copper coins bearing the portrait of George III were struck until 1770

although a small quantity of copper was coined in 1762 and 1763 from diesof George II dated 1754. The first official halfpennies for George III were[21]


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Copper Halfpenniesdated 1770-1775. Most of these coins, however, were immediately melted andmade into lightweight counterfeit halfpence.In 1797 Matthew Boulton proposed to remedy this situation by coiningcopper pieces of nearly full intrinsic weight. This resulted in the issuance of"cartwheel" penny and twopenny pieces coined by him at his Soho mint.These were the first English coins struck with steam power and a retaining

collar to make them perfectly round and evenly struck.Boulton prepared pattern "cartwheel" pieces in the denomination of onehalfpenny but this design was never accepted. Later, in 1799 he began coinageof a halfpenny piece of slightly different design and weight. The faces of thesecoins are slightly concave to protect the design from wear and prevent coun-terfeiting.George III 1760-1820

V. Fine Ex. Fine Unc.$1.25 $1.75 $4.501806 No berries on olive branch 40 .50 .70 1.25 3.501806 Three berries on olive branch 45 .55 .80 1.35 4.001807 50 .65 .90 1.50 4.50A total of 357,869 worth of halfpennies were coined by Boulton at Sohoin the years 1799, 1806 and 1807. The dies were produced by Conrad HeinrichKiichler, a talented Flemish die cutter.

George IV 1820-1830Second IssueKing George IV was never pleased with the portrait designed by Pistruccifor his coins. In 1824 William Wyon was commissioned to produce a newdesign which was used on most of the coins from 1825 to 1830. Halfpence ofthe Pistrucci design were never issued as only farthings were coined for thefirst five years of the reign.[22]


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Copper HalfpenniesVarieties of the reverse occur with either two incuse lines down the armsof the saltire, or one raised line.

Date Quantity Minted Good1825 215,040 $1.50

1826 9,031,630 .601827 5,376,000 1.00Fine V. Fine Ex. Fine Unc. Proof$2.50 $3.00 $4.00 $7.00 $12.00.90 1.25 1.75 4.00 10.001.50 1.75 2.25 5.00William IV 1830-1837The portrait on the coins of William IV was engraved by William Wyon

from a model by Sir Francis Chantrey. The engraver's initials WW, incuse,are found on the truncation.The Mint report indicates that halfpennies were also coined in 1832,1335and 1836. These were undoubtedly struck from dies dated 1831 or 1834 andhave been included in the following totals.

1831 806,400 .85 1.10 1.65 2.25 5.00 15.001834 537,600 1.40 1.65 2.25 3.00 6.00

1837 349,440 1.40 1.65 2.25 3.00 6.00Victoria 1837-1901Young Head, Copper IssueThe copper coins of Queen Victoria were designed by William Wyon, whoseinitials WW appear on the truncation of the neck. The reverse is his designof Britannia seated, first used during the reign of George IV, with REG sub-stituted for REX.This issue is notable for the number of pieces bearing altered dates struck

from overcut dies of a previous year. This was done as a matter of economyto extend the life of lightly worn dies. The alteration on the die involved onlythe last figure of the date.Copper halfpennies dated 1860 are not mentioned in the Mint report andnone were issued for circulation. A few of the rare pieces are, however, knownto exist. Some of them were restruck at the Mint at a later date.[23]


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Copper Halfpennies

Date Quantity Minted838 456,960839 268,800841 1,075,200843 967,680844 1,075,200845 1,075,200846 860,160847 752,640848 8 over 7 \,,0 cfifl848 J322,560851 215,040852 637,056853 3over2 j 1,559,040854. ...... 12,354,048855 1,455,837856 1,942,080857 1,182,720858 8 over 6 ]858 8 over 7 I 2 72 60858 normal date. . . |858 small date ... .1|5990V"8V..;;;}U90.240860 Not issued for circulation.

GoodFineV. Fine

Ex. FineUnc.Proof$ .75$1.25$1.75$2.25$5.00$12.0075.25.75

2.255.502.00.50.85

3.006.002.00

2.003.004.005.002.00

20.0030.0050.0075.0000.00.50

2.002.50

3.006.003.004.006.008.005.00.50

2.003.004.007.00.75

2.503.253.756.00.25.50

3.005.000.00.25.75

2.253.005.50.75

2.504.509.0020.0035

5060.00

2.508.0030405090

2.25355060.00

2.5075.00.50.75

4.00506580.00

2.5075.25.50.75

3.5060.00.25.50

3.255575.00.35

3.0065.00.25.75

4.00.50

2.003.004.009.00.25.75

2.503.256.0000.0050.00

200.00300.00Young Head, Bronze Issuen 1860 a new coinage ofbronze was adopted to replace the copper coins

which wore too rapidly for extensive circulation. The new, more durable,alloy was composed of95 parts ofcopper, four oftin and one of zinc. Thecoins were also smaller and thinner, therefore, more convenient to carry. Thedies were engraved by Mr. Leonard Charles Wyon, then Engraver to the Mint.The earliest dies of1860 have an outer circle ofround beads. These ap-parently did not wear well and later in the year this border was replaced witha circle ofelongated or toothed beads. All have toothed outer circles from861 onwards.

As the changeover fromcopper to bronze was to be made as quickly aspossible, the demands on the Mint were heavy and much ofthe new coinagewas struck, under supervision, by Messrs. Boulton and Watt, and Messrs.Ralph Heaton and Sons, in Birmingham. In 1865 the practice ofaltering thedates ofleftover dies was abandoned.24]


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Bronze Halfpennies

Date Quantity Minted Good Fine V. Fine Ex. Fine Unc. Proof1860 Round beads.. 1 , ,,n .nn $1.50 $2.50 $3.25 $4.50 $ 7.001860 Toothed beads. j ,D-5U,WU 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.50 8.00 $25.001861 No signature.. 1 .40 .75 1.00 2.00 7.00 10.001861 L.C.W. on rock 1-54,118,400 1.25 1.75 2.50 3.50 10.001861 Same, wide date J 1.25 1.75 2.50 3.50 10.001862 61,107,200 .30 .50 .75 1.00 3.00 10.001863 15,948,800 1.25 1.75 2.25 2.75 9.00 13.00

1864 537,600 1.75 2.75 3.50 4.50 10.001865 8,064,000 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 8.001866 2,508,800 1.75 2.75 3.50 4.50 8.00 12.001867 2,508,800 2.75 4.00 5.50 7.00 12.00 15.001868 3,046,400 1.75 2.75 3.50 4.50 9.00 15.001869 3,225,600 3.50 4.50 5.50 8.00 15.001870 4,350,739 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 8.001871 1,075,280 7.50 10.00 18.00 45.00 90.001872 4,659,410 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 10.001873 3,404,880 2.50 3.50 4.50 6.00 12.001874 Both types 1,347,665 3.50 5.00 6.50 8.00 14.00There was a principal change in the portrait in 1874 when the nose wasmade more aquiline and the neck thicker. Further slight changes were madein subsequent years up to 1883 after which the bust remained unaltered untilthe veiled head was substituted. The only major change in the reverse wasthe addition of heraldic coloring lines to the shield in 1881.During the 1870's and 1880's some of the bronze coinage was once againmanufactured, under government supervision, by Messrs. Ralph Heaton andSons at Birmingham. These coins are distinguished by a small letter H belowthe date.

Heaton Mint Mark1874 Both types 1,347,665

1874 H 5,017,6001875 5,430,8151875 H 1,254,4001876 H 6,809,600Heraldic Color Lines on Shield3.25 4.00 5.25 6.50 12.001.502.503.504.508.001.00

1.752.253.007.004.005.507.009.0015.001.251.752.25

2.757.0012.0020.0025


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Bronze HalfpenniesDate Quantity Minted8775,209,5058781,425,5358793,582,5458802,423,4658812,007,515881Shieldheraldically colored.881H 1,792,000882H 4,480,0008833,000,7258846,989,5808858,600,5748868,586,15588710,701,3058886,814,0708897,748,23489011,254,23589113,192,2608922,478,3358937,229,3448941,767,635

GoodFineV. FineEx. FineUnc.Proof$1.25$1.75$2.25$2.75$ 8.00$12.00.50.00

6.50.001.005.00.25.75

2.252.757.002.75.25.00

6.500.005.00.50

2.25.00

4.00.00

Proof only.7.00.75

2.50.25

4.009.006.00.50

2.252.75.50

6.005.00

2.00.25

4.25.50.005.00

.00

.752.504.007.505.0085.50

2.25.00

7.005.00.25

2.002.75.50

7.005.0075.25.75

2.506.0075.35

2.00.00

7.0065.15.50

2.256.006090.25.75.005.006090.25.75.005.00.50

2.50.25

4.007.005.006090.25.75.00.75

2.75.50

4.250.00

VeiledHead IssueThe diesfor this issue were engravedby G. W. de Saulles. The obverse isrom a modelby ThomasBrock whose initialsTB appear belowthe shoulder.

The reverse isa modifiedc opy of L. C. Wyon'sdesign withthe lighthousendship eliminated.

8953,032,1548969,142,5008978,690,3158988,595,18089912,108,00190013,805,19090111,127,3606590.25.75

4.5040507590

2.0040507590

2.007590.25.75.5040507590

2.0040507590

2.0025355075.755.00

EdwardVII 1901-1910The portraitfor King EdwardVII was the workof G. W. de Saulles, whosenitialsappear below the truncationof the neck. The reverse, showinga hel-metedBritannia, isthe same aswasusedon the lastissue of halfpenniesforQueenVictoria exceptfor slightmodifications whenthe horizonwas raisedomewhat, late in1902and thereafter.26]


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Bronze Halfpennies

Date Quantity Minted1902 Low horizon... \,- ,-,,, n(-n1902 High horizon../13,672'9601903 11,450,8801904 8,131,2001905 10,124,8001906 11,101,4401907 16,849,2801908 16,620,8001909 8,279,0401910 10,769,920

Good Fine V. Fine Ex. Fine Unc. Proof60$1.25

$1.75$2.50$4.0025851.351.753.00 $15.00301.001.502.253.50401.101.602.003.502590

1.451.903.0025851.401.753.50401.001.502.004.0025851.401.753.50401.00

1.502.004.0040 1.00 1.50 2.00 3.50

George V 1910-1936The dies for t he halfpennies of this reign were engraved by Sir BertramMackennal. His initials B.M. are on the truncation of the bust. The first re -verse is identical with that used in previous years. Many of the bronze blanksused for these coins were produced by private firms in Birmingham.A great deal of difficulty was encountered in striking coins of this design.The high relie f por trait caused a displacement of metal, called "ghosting,"that showed through on the reverse si de as an incuse outline of the head.A new bronze alloy was adopted in 1923 i n an effort to re medy the situation.It consisted of 95.5 per cent copper, 3 per c ent tin and 1.5 per cent zinc. Thisalloy has a more golden tint than the former one. It les sened the hardness,enabling the coins to be more easily struck and lengthened the life o f the dies.During 1925 the features of the design were slightly modified to furtherhelp eliminate the "ghosting," but this fault was not fully corrected until1928 when a new design, with a smaller head, was introduced.The coins with the modified eff igy from late 192 5 and thereafter all have

the designer's initials in small letters without periods.

1911-19241911 12,570,8801912 21,185,9201913 17,476,4801914 2 0,289,111Modified Effigy451.251.75 2.25 4.00401.001.50 2.00 3.50401.001.50 2.00 3.5035901.40 1.85 3.25

27^


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Bronze HalfpenniesDate Quantity Minted915 21,563,040916 39,386,143917 38,245,436918 22,321,072919 28,104,001920 35,146,793921 28,027,293922 10,734,964923 12,266,282924 13,971,038925 Type of1924.. 1925 Type of1926 . . J1^10-1'"926 6,712,306927 15,589,622

GoodFineV. FineEx. FineUnc.Proof$ .35$ .90$1.40$1.85$3.253585

.35.753.003580.25.75

3.003575.25.75

3.003575.25.75

3.003075.25.75

3.002570.25.75

3.0060.25

2.003.006.00

35.00.75

2.505.003090.50

2.254.503585.35.75

3.503585.35.75

3.5050.00.40.90

3.50$17.002565.00.50

3.007.00

928 20,935,200929 25,680,000930 12,532,800931 16,137,600932 14,448,000933 10,560,000934 7,704,000935 12,180,000

2560.00.50

4.007.0053560.25

3.006.0003055.00

2.005.0003055.00

2.005.0053555.00

2.006.0010305590

2.005.0053560.00

2.755.00

254075.25

2.256.00

Edward VIII 1936Halfpennies dated 1936 were issued during the reign ofKing Edward VIII.AH ofthese coins have the name and portrait of George Vdue to the facthat the Mint did not have time to begin coinage before he abdicated thehrone in December of1936.936 19,807,20015254575 1.50 16.00George VI 1936-1952The traditional Britannia reverse was not used on the bronze coinage ofKing George VI. Both the obverse and reverse ofthe halfpenny were designedby T. Humphrey Paget. The striking reverse design shows Sir Francis Drake'ship, the Golden Hind. Paget's initials HP are in the field below the stern.n 1937, 1950 and 1951 proofstrikings were issued in specimen sets. Proofs

ofother years are all very rare.28


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Bronze Halfpennies

First Issue 1937-1948 Second Issue 1949-1952Quantity MintedDate Proof Regular Fine Ex. Fine Unc. Proof1937 (26,402) 27,705,600 $.15 $.60 $1.50 $1.501938 40,320,000 .15 .60 1.75

1939 28,924,800 .15 .60 1.751940 32,162,400 .15 .55 1.751941 45,120,000 .15 .55 1.751942 71,908,800 .15 .55 1.501943 76,200,000 .15 .50 1.501944 81,840,000 .15 .50 1.501945 57,000,000 .15 .50 1.501946 22,725,600 .20 .60 2.00

1947 21,266,400 .15 .50 2.001948 26,947,200 .15 .50 2.00Halfpennies of the second issue, 1949-1952, have obverse legend in slightlythicker letters, and terminating REX FIDEI DEF., the words IND:IMP.being omitted.1949 24,744,000 .20 .80 2.501950 (17,513) 24,153,600 .20 .60 2.00 2.501951 (20,000) 14,868,000 .15 .55 2.00 2.50

1952 33,278,400 .15 .45 1.75Elizabeth II 1952-The portrait for the coinage of Queen Elizabeth was designed by Mrs. MaryGillick. Her initials MG appear on the center of the truncation of the shoulder.The ship design first used on the George VI halfpennies continued in use onthese coins.The original portrait was in very low relief and showed little detail in thehair. This defect was remedied by retouching the dies during 1953. In 1954

the dies were further retouched to sharpen the portrait and the legend waschanged to eliminate BRITT:OMN: from the Queen's title.Proof specimens struck from 1954 to date are all extremely rare. The 1953proofs were issued in specimen sets late in the year, all show the recut portrait.

First Issue 1953Second Issue 1954-r 29


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Bronze HalfpenniesQuantity MintedDate Proof Regular1953 (40,000) 8,910,0001954 19,375,2001955 18,465,6001956 21,799,2001957 39,672,0001958 66,283,2001959 79,224,0001960 41,340,000Fine

Ex.FineUnc.Proof$ .20$.75$1.25$2.00.10.301.50.10.25

1.25.10.201.00.10.201.00.10.201.00.10.20.50.10.20.35COPPER PENNIESBetween 1770 and the end of the century the practice of counterfeiting be-came so prevalent in England that scarcely any genuine British copper coinsremained in circulation. The 1770-1775 issue was melted in huge quantitiesand made into lightweight counterfeit coins; the only other pieces in circu-lation were the merchants' tokens issued by private firms for their own con-venience.It was during this period that Matthew Boulton offered a solution to theproblem by proposing that (1) each coin should contain its intrinsic valueof metal, (2) a retaining collar should be used to maintain a constant diameterand (3) a broad raised rim should be used to save the coin from undue wear.He further proposed that a steam powered coinage press be used to producea more uniformly finished coin with a greater rate of output.

On June 9, 1797, the Government signed a contract with Boulton providingfor the coinage of 20 tons of twopence and 480 tons of pennies. The coinswere made current July 26, 1797, and the one penny piece was to weigh oneounce avoirdupois and correspond as nearly as possible to its nominal value.They were to be legal tender up to one shilling. A total of 310,885 worthof pennies were coined between 1797 and 1807 by Boulton at the Soho mint.Conrad H. Kiichler was the designer.George III 1760-1820

The "Cartwheel" Penny of 1797Date1797 Tip of ribband points downward..1797 Tip of ribband points outwards.. .

Good Fine V. Fine Ex. Fine Unc.1.00 1.50 2.75 6.50 10.001.50 2.00 3.50 10.00 15.00[30


31/120

Copper Pennies

Date1806.1807.Quantity Minted

Good Fine V. Fine Ex. Fine Unc. Proof$.30 $.50 $.80 $1.75 $3.00 $6.00.40 .60 .90 1.85 3.50 7.00George IV 1820-1830Second IssueOnly copper farthings were coined during the first five years of the reignof King George IV. These coins were designed by Pistrucci and as the portraitwas not pleasing to the King, William Wyon was commissioned to producea new design which was used on most of the coins from 1825 to 1830. Coins

of the second issue, by Wyon, show a much more pleasing portrait.

1825 1,075,2001826 5,913,6001827 1,451,5201.002.003.00

6.0011.0018.00.751.502.505.009.0015.00

8.0012.0030.0050.0080.00William IV 1830-1837The portrait on the coins of William IV was engraved by William Wyonfrom a model by Sir Francis Chantrey. Mint reports indicate that pennieswere also coined in 1832, 1835 and 1836. No coins with these dates are known

to exist and undoubtedly dies dated 1831 or 1834 were used. These coinagefigures have been included in the following totals.[31]


32/120

Copper Pennies

Date Quantity Minted1831 806,4001834 322,5601837 174,720GoodFine$1.25

$2.502.003.502.504.00V. Fine Ex. Fine Unc. Proof$5.00 $10.00 $15.00 $20.005.00 9.00 15.006.00 11.00 17.00Victoria 1837-1901

Young Head, Copper IssueThis coin was designed by William Wyon whose initials W. W., incuse, ap-pear on the truncation from 1839 to 1858. Some pennies dated 1858, and thoseof 1859-1860 do not have these initials.The reverse is his design of Britannia seated, first used during the reign ofGeorge IV, with REG substituted for REX.This issue is notable for the number of pieces bearing altered dates struckfrom overcut dies of a previous year. This was done as a matter of economyto extend the life of lightly worn dies. The alteration on the die usually in-volved only the last figure of the date.The normal position of the last colon is midway between F and Britannia's

foot (DEF :) and this occurs for every date. For the years 1846, 1847, 1851and 1853 to 1857, specimens also occur with the colon close to F (DEF:).In 1841 and 1843 specimens occur both with and without the colon after REG.Mint records list 263,424 pence struck in 1852. These were undoubtedlyall coins dated 1851 and have been included in the 1851 listing.

1839 Bronzed proofs only1841 REG:1841 REG

913,92015.00752.503.757.0010.0015.00751.251.752.256.0032


33/120

CopperPenniesDateQuantity Minted843 REG: )843 REG/ ^8c,'BW844 215,040845 322,560846 DEF: \ ., B.n846 DEF: / 483,840847 DEF: 1847 DEF: I^U-UBU848 8 over6 ]848 8 over7 \ 161,280848 J849 268,800851 DEF: 1851 DEF: J Mi.i*'t853 DEF: W 021 440853 DEF: H.UZ1.4W854 4 over3 I854 DEF: 6,720,000854 DEF: I855 DEF: \ -.855 DEF: ,5,273,856^gi?::.::::::::K"2,288857 DEF: ]857 DEF: >752,640857 Small dateJ858 8 over3 1858 8 over7 |858 Small daterl,559,040858 Without W.W. . I858 Ifcn'c-''"iVJ'* el.075,2 00859 Small dateJ'860 60 over59 32,256

Goodine

V. FineEx. FineUnc.

6.00 $ 9.0015.00 $25.00 $35.00.500.00

0.005.005.00.00.50.25.25.00.25.50.00.004.00.50.00.50.002.00.00.50.000.005.00.00.75.00.50.00.00.75.75.50.50.75.00.50.750.00.25.00.00.00.50.25.75.50.25.50.004.002.005.000.00.00.50.50.50.00.00.50.50.750.00

5090.50.00.50

75.00.75.50.00

75.50.50.00.00

4580.25.75.00

4580.25.75.00

5580.25.75.00

6090.50.00.75.50

.00.000.000.00.25.50.502.000.00

75.40.25.00.00

75.40.00.75.00.00.65.50.25.00.50.00.000.000.00

70.10.75.75.00

65.00.60.50.50

6090.50.25.00

5080.35.00.50

75

.50.25

.00

.00

.00

.75

.50

.25

.000.005.005.000.000.00roof5.000.000.00

VictoriaPennies Second IssueBronze, Young Head, 1860-1894n 1860 anewcoinage ofbronzewas adopted to replacethe coppercoins

which woretoo rapidly forextensivecirculation. Thenew, moredurable, alloywas composed of95 parts ofcopper, fouroftin and one ofzinc. Thecoinswerealso smallerand thinner, therefore, moreconvenient to carry. Thedieswereengraved by Leonard Charles Wyon, then Engraverto the Mint.Theearliest dies of1860 have an outercircleof round beads. Theseap-arently did n ot wearwell and later in the yearthis border was replaced withcircleofelogated ortoothed beads. All havetoothed outercircles from1861nwards.

As thechangeoverfromcopperto bronzewas to be madeas quickly asossible, th ed emands on th eMint were heavy and much of the new coinage

was struck, undersu pervision, by Messrs. Boulton and Watt, and Messrs.Ralph Heaton and Sons, in Birmingham. In 1874 and thereafterthe Heatonoinagehas a small Hbeneath the date.everal varieties occur in theplacement ofthe engraver's signatureon the3


34/120

Bronze Penniespennies of 1860 and 1861. The Queen's portrait was changed slightly in 1874and again in 1881 to show a gradual aging of the features. Heraldic coloringlines were added to the shield of Britannia in 1881.

Toothed BordersDate Quantity Minted Good Fine V. Fine Ex. Fine Unc. Proof

(1860 All kinds 5,053,440)1860 Beaded borders $2.00 $3.50 $4.50 $5.50 $10.00 $15.001860 Toothed borders,L.C.W. below foot.., 1.75 3.25 4.25 5.50 12.001860 Similar, L.C.W.below shield 1.25 2.00 2.75 3.75 7.00 14.001860 Similar, no L.C. Wyonon obverse 1.35 2.25 3.00 4.50 10.00

(1861 All kinds 36,449,280)1861 Signature on obv. and rev. 1.00 1.60 2.15 2.75 6.001861 No signature on obv. or rev. 1.00 1.60 2.15 3.00 7.001861 Signature on obv. only 2.00 3.00 4.00 4.75 8.001861 Signature on rev. only. .. . 1.00 1.60 2.15 3.00 5.50 13.001862 50,534,400 .45 .85 1.60 2.25 4.50 15.001863 28,062,720 .50 1.10 2.00 2.75 4.75 15.001864 Plain 4 \, .. ,. 4.00 6.00 7.50' 15.00 25.00

1864 Crosslet 4 M.w.OW 5 00 7 00 10 0() 30 00 45 001865 5 over 3 \s fini finn 900 1200 1500 2000 27001865 js.oui.ouu 100 17S 2 50 32S goo1866 9,999,360 .90 1.65 2.35 3.00 5.501867 5,483,520 1.50 2.75 3.50 4.25 6.50 15.001868 1,182,720 1.75 3.00 3.75 4.50 10.00 15.001869 2,580,480 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 50.001870 5,695,022 1.75 2.75 3.25 4.50 16.00

[34]


35/120

Bronze PenniesDate Quantity Minted8711,290,3188728,494,5728738,494,200874Type of 1873... 152874Newportrait. . . J874H type of 1873. 4Q874Hnewportrait. . J87510,691,040875H 752,640876H 11,074,5608779,624,7478782,764,4708797,666,4768803,000,831 }T/Pe0f,188?- )2,302,362881New portrait. . .J

GoodFineV. FineEx. FineUnc.Proof1.75$.00

$5.00$ 9.00$20.00.00.75

2.75.50

6.50.00.75

2.75

.507.00

.50

.00

.50

.50

.50

.252.50.00

4.00.00.35

2.75.25

4.25.50.00

2.002.75.50

6.001.0075.35

2.504.50.000.002.005.008.00

21.0027.0040.0075.35.85

2.756.50

75.35.85

2.75.50

25.00.00.60

2.15.00.006.0060.00.50

2.00.5090.60

2.25.00

6.000.00.25

2.002.75.75

6.000.00.50

2.504.009.006.00

25.00

881H 3,763,200882H 7,526,4008836,237,43888411,702,8028857,145,8628866,087,7598875,315,0858885,125,02088912,559,73789015,330,84089117,885,96189210,501,6718938,161,7378943,883,45265.25.75.00

7.0040.0060.15.65

2.506.0025.00.50

2.75.50

4.25.00

25.0050.00.75

2.506.0025.0055.10.85

2.75.50

25.0060.25.90.00.75

25.0060.15.85

2.75.0055.10.75

2.50.504590.50

2.25.254085.35

2.004.7525.004080.30

2.004.5022.004580.25.90.75

25.00

4580.25.80

4.00.25

2.00.00

4.002.00

Victoria Pennies ThirdIssueBronze, VeiledHead, 1895-1901These dieswere engraved by G. W. de Saulles;the obverse from a modelby ThomasBrock;the reverse copied, withminor modificationsfrom thatofL. C. Wyon.5


36/120

Bronze Pennies

Date Quantity Minted Good Fine V. Fine Ex. Fine Unc. Proof1895 Missing sea \, ,Q, ,n $1.00 $1.50 $2.75 $10.00 $20.00 $50.001895 With sea JJMSO.oau 40 g5 1 QQ ly$ 4 00 30 0Q1896 24,147,156 .25 .45 .75 1.00 3.501897 20,756,620 .25 .45 .75 1.00 3.501898 14,296,836 .35 .60 1.00 1.50 5.001899 26,441,069 .25 .45 .75 1.00 3.501900 31,778,109 .20 .40 .70 1.00 3.501901 22,205,568 .20 .40 .70 1.00 3.50 30.00Edward VII 1901-1910Coins of Edward VII were first issued in 1902. Mint Engraver G. W. de

Saulles produced these dies. His initials De S. are beneath the bust. The re-verse die used on some of the 1902 pennies is the type of the 1901 penny ofVictoria. It shows the horizon in a slightly lower position than on the othercoins in this series.

1902 Low horizon.1902 Normal f26,976,768horizon1903 .21,415,2961904 12,913,1521905 17,783,8081906 37,989,5041907 47,322,2401908 31,506,0481909 19,617,0241910 29,549,184

256090

1.50 5.00205075

1.104.00256090

1.503.502550

751.253.50255075

1.503.50255075

1.253.50204070

1.10

3.25204080

1.253.252550

1.001.503.50204080

1.253.2516.0018.0036


37/120

Bronze PenniesGeorge V 1910-1936The bronze coinage of George V began in 1911. Sir Bertram Mackennaldesigned the obverse. The reverse is the same as that of the previous reign.The design was slightly modified during the period 1925-1928. A new, smallerhead was adopted in 1928.During 1912, 1918 and 1919 some of the pennies were struck by the Mint,Birmingham, Ltd., (marked H) and during 1918 and 1919 by the Kings Nor-ton Metal Co., Ltd., (marked KN). Pennies dated 1933 were not issued forcirculation. A few special strikings were made and these coins were placed incornerstones and museum collections.

Date Quantity Minted1911 23,079,1681912 48,306,0481912 H 16,800,0001913 65,497,8721914 50,820,997

1915 47,310,8071916 86,411,1651917 107,905,436GoodFineV. FineEx. FineUnc.$ .20$ .40$ .60$1.00$4.502045651.504.0045751.254.00

7.001540651.003.001540651.153.001545751.253.001540651.103.0015

40601.003.00Proof

Heaton Mint1918 84,227,372msKN.::::::::::}3'660-8001919 113,761,090I9I9KN.:::::: ::::}5.209-6001920 124,693,485Kings Norton Mint1540601.003.001.504.006.008.0015.004.007.008.5011.0025.002040651.254.501.252.004.006.0010.0010.0015.0020.0025.0035.001535501.004.0037


38/120

Bronze Pennies

IJfModified Head 1926-1927Date Quantity Minted Good Fine V. Fine Ex. Fine1921 129,717,693 $.15 $ .35 $ .50 $1.001922 16,346,711 .35 .65 1.00 1.751926 14 498 519 .40 "150 300

1926 Modified head, .r^0,519 1.00 2.00 4.50 8.001927 60,989,561 .20 .35 .60 1.00

Vac. Proof$4.006.006.00 $18.0016.00 35.003.00 18.00

Small Head 1928-19361928 50,178,000 .15 .30 .50 1.001929 49,132,800 .20 .35 .50 .901930 29,097,600 .15 .30 .50 .901931 19,843,200 .15 .30 .50 1.001932 8,277,600 .30 .50 .75 1.001933 6 Not issued for circulation.1934 13,965,600 .30 .45 .70 .901935 56,070,000 .15 .25 .35 .503.00

15.003.0015.003.0015.003.0015.003.2515.003.00

15.002.5015.00Edward VIII 1936Pennies dated 1936 were issued during this short reign, however, they allhave the name and portrait of George V due to the fact that Mint did notstart production of Edward VIII type coins before his abdication.1936 134,160,000 .15 .25 .35 .60 3.00 17.00George VI 1936-1952Coinage of pennies for domestic use was unnecessary during 1941-1943.Pennies issued during this period for Gibraltar and the West Indies were alldated 1940. The demand for pennies increased between 1944 and 1948, butin 1949 coinage was once again stopped and only small quantities were struck,using the 1949 dies, for the next seven years. A few pennies dated 1950 and[38]


39/120

Bronze Pennies1951 were struck, mostly for inclusion in specimen sets. Proof specimensdated 1938 through 1949 are all extremely rare. In 1948 the words INDIAEIMPERATOR were dropped from the Royal Titles. The pennies of 1949 andthereafter show this change. The entire issue of 1946 was chemically darkenedto prevent hoarding of bright new pennies.

1937-1948Quantity MintedDate Proof Regular1937 (26,402) 109,032,000

1938 121,560,0001939 55,560,0001940 42,284,4001944 42,600,0001945 79,531,2001946 66,855,6001947 52,220,4001948 63,961,200FineEx. FineUnc.Proof$ .15$ .40

$1.50$2.50.10.401.75.10.401.75.15.402.00.15.351.75.15.501.75.201.002.50.10.752.00.10.701.75

1949-19511949 14,324,400

1950 (17,513) 240,0001951 (20,000) 120,000.10.601.502.003.007.009.003.505.259.5011.00Elizabeth II 1952-

These coins were designed by Mrs. Mary Gillick. Her initials MG appearon the raised edge of the shoulder. Pennies were struck during 1952 but wereall dated 1953. No pennies were struck for circulation dated 1954, althougha few trial pieces were made. Coinage of this denomination was suspendeduntil 1961 because of a surplus of these coins held in reserve. The obverse[39]


40/120

Bronze Pennieslegend on all British coins was changed in 1954 to eliminate BRITT:OMN:from the Queen's title.

Date1953.Quantity Minted

Proof Regular Fine Ex. Fine Unc. Proof(40,000) 1,308,400 $1.00 $1.50 $2.50 $3.50

1961..10.20.35

COPPER TWOPENCEIn 1797 a remarkable series of full intrinsic value copper penny and two-penny pieces were issued. The twopence weighed two ounces and, being solarge, these coins soon became known as "cartwheels." They were legal tenderup to one shilling.One unusual feature of this design is the inscription which is stamped in-cuse into a broad raised rim around each side of the coin. Dies were engravedby Conrad Heinrick Kiichler, a talented Flemish die cutter. The coins were

struck at the Soho Mint under the direction of Matthew Boulton.A total of 6,018 worth of the twopence pieces were coined during 1797-1798. All of them were dated 1797. The cartwheels did not remain long incirculation owing to their inconvenient size. This is the only copper twopencein the British series. A small silver piece of this denomination is traditionallyincluded in the Maundy series.[40]


41/120

Silver ThreepenceDate1797.1 "


42/120

ilverThreepence

DateQuantity Minted Good838 $ .90839 1.00840 1.00841 1.00842 1.00843 1.00844 1.00845 1,319,208 .75846 52,008 1.35849 131,208 1.25850 954,888 1.00851 483,553 1.00853 36,168 1.15854 1,471,734 .90855 387,838 1.35856 1,018,248 .90857 1,762,718 1.10858 1,445,928 .90859 3,584,328 .90860 3,410,088 1.00861 3,299,208 .90862 1,160,808 1.00863 954,488 1.25864 1,335,048 .90865 1,746,888 1.10866 1,905,288 1.00867 717,288 1.10868 1,461,768 1.00870 1,287,706 1.00871 1,004,121 1.10872 1,297,759 1.00873 4,060,038 .65874 4,431,519 .55875 3,310,988 .50876 1,838,877 .75877 2,626,881 .45878 2,424,463 .60879 3,144,753 .45880 1,614,557 .75881 3,252,753 .50882 477,453 .75

883 4,374,459 .50884 3,326,912 .50885 5,188,141 .50886 6,157,157 .50887 Young head 2,785,249 1.50ine

V. FineEx. FineUnc. Proof

1.652.153.004.50.75.25.00.50.75.25.00.50.75.25.00.50.75.25.00.50.75.25.00.50.75.25.00.50.50.00.50.00.75.25.00.50.00.50.00.00.50.85.00.00.75.00.25.50.00.50.50.75.40.00.75.25.25.00.75.50.65.25.00.00.75.50.25.50.60.25.00.50.40.00.75.00.50.15.00.50.40.00.75.00.50.25.00.50.85.75

.50.50

.35

.00

.75

.50

.50

.25

.00

.00

.40

.00

.75

.25

.50

.25

.00

.75

.40

.00

.75

.00

.40

.00

.75

.25

.50

.25

.00

.00

.40

.00

.75

.50

.10

.50

.75

.50

.00

.35

.00

.00

.00

.35

.00

.00

.25

.75

.35

.75

.00.50

.75

.75

.25

.50

.75

.75

.00

.50

.75

.75 $5.00

.25

.50

.00

.25

.00

.25

.50

.50

.35

.75

.00

.00

.00

.25

.50

.50

.00

.25

.50

.50

.00

.25

.50

.50

.00

.25

.50

.50

.25

.00

.00

.50 7.0042]


43/120

Silver Threepence

Jubilee TypeThe Jubilee type threepence was struck in 1887 for currency but not until1888 for inclusion in the Maundy sets. The rare threepence of 1893 differsfrom the Maundy threepence of that year because the coinage changed to the"Old Head" before Easter.Date Quantity Minted Good Fine V. Fine Ex. Fine Unc. Proof1887 Jubilee Incl. above $.40 $.75 $1.00 $ 1.25 2.00 $4.001888 522,637 .75 1.25 1.50 1.75 3.251889 4,591,498 .50 1.00 1.25 1.50 2.501890 4,470,322 .50 1.00 1.25 1.50 2.501891 6,327,515 .40 .90 1.25 1.50 2.501892 2,582,714 .50 1.00 1.50 1.75 2.75

1893 Jubilee 3,076,269 3.00 5.00 7.50 10.00 16.00Quantity MintedDate Proof Regular1893 (1,312) . .Incl. above1894 1,617,5791895 4,797,5851896 4,607,4181897 4,550,2701898 4,576,1531899 6,253,2571900 10,661,8741901 6,099,821Veiled HeadGoodFineV. Fine

Ex. FineUnc.Proof .5085

1.151.502.754.501 .601.001.351.753.001 .4075

1.001.252.25; .4075

1.001.252.251 .355075

1.002.00i .355075

1.00

2.00355075

1.001.75355075

1.001.754075

1.001.252.00Edward VII 1901-1910The portrait on the threepence corresponds with the other denominationsin this series. The reverse is the same as was used on the Victorian coins.A slight change was made in the style of the figure three during 1904. Coinsdated 1902-1904 show a large ball on the end of the three in 3 pence nearlytouching the center diagonal line. Coins made in the late part of 1904 to theend of the reign have a more modern looking figure three with a smaller ball.[43]


44/120

Silver Threepence

Quantity MintedDate Proof Regular1902 (15,123) 8,287,0601903 5,234,8641904 Variety 1 1, Hn ,1904 Variety II )3,630,7141905 3,563,3651906 3,173,7071907 4,841,4201908 8,175,9341909 4,054,5591910 4,564,820George

The first head is similar to the other early coins of this reign. The reversecontinues unchanged until 1927. These early threepence are exactly like theMaundy coins.During 1920 the metal content was changed to 50 per cent silver and 50per cent alloy. This change, however, did not occur in the Maundy coinsuntil the following year.GoodFine V. FineEx. FineUnc.Proof$ .50$ .90 $1.15$1.40$2.25$4.0060

1.00 1.251.502.50601.00 1.251.502.50651.10 1.301.602.75651.10 1.301.602.755595 1.101.402.255595 1.101.402.255595 1.101.402.25601.00 1.251.502.50601.00 1.251.502.50

V 1910-1936

1911 (6,007) 5,843,075 .35 .50 .75 1.00 2.00 4.501912 8,934,071 .35 .50 .75 1.00 2.001913 7,144,470 .35 .50 .75 1.00 2.001914 6,734,566 .35 .50 .75 1.00 2.001915 5,451,910 .50 .90 1.15 1.40 2.251916 18,556,329 .25 .35 .40 .60 1.501917 21,663,727 .25 .35 .40 .50 1.351918 20,632,284 .25 .35 .40 .50 1.351919 16,846,945 .25 .35 .40 .50 1.351920 .925 fine ].,.n,QQfi .25 .35 .40 .50 1.251920 .500 fine j>io,/u*,yyo 25 35 40 50 1.01921 8,750,687 .35 .50 .75 1.00 1.751922 7,981,371 .40 .75 1.00 1.25 2.001925 3,733,297 .60 1.00 1.50 2.25 5.001926 4,109,414 .55 .90 1.25 1.50 2.50

The smaller, modified effigy was introduced during 1926. The correspondingchange was not made in the Maundy coins until 1928, after a new reversedesign had been adopted for the regular threepence. This new reverse depictsthree oak-sprigs with three acorns and KG in the center. Mintage figures arefor regular coins only and do not include the Maundy ieces.[44]


45/120

Silver Threepence

Quantity MintedDate Proof Regular1926 Incl. above1927 (15,022) Proof on ly1928 1,302,1061930 1,319,4121931 6,251,9361932 5,887,3251933 5,578,5411934 7,405,9541935 7,027,654GoodFineV. FineEx. FineUnc.$ .55$ .90$1.25$1.50$2.501.001.401.752.353.5090

1.351.652.253.2525354075

1.5025354075

1.5030406085

1.7525354075

1.5025354075

1.50Proof$12.00Edward VIII 1936Silver threepence dated 1936 were issued during the reign of Edward VIII.All of these coins have the name and portrait of George Vdu e to the fact thatKing Edward abdicated before new dies were used. See section o n the b rasshreepence (page 46) for additional information.

1936 3,238,670 .20 .30 .40 .50 1.00George VI 1937-1952The new design for the reverse of the silver threepence consists of theshield of St. George on a Tud or rose d ividing the date. The des igner's initialsKG, Kruger Gray, are below.Both the silver threepence coins an d the t welve-sided nickel-brass p ieces

were coined from 1937 to 1946. The silver coinage was discontinued in 1946.All of the silver threepence pieces minted in 1946 were dated 1945. Coinsdated 1942 through 1945 were struck in small quantities for us e solely in theWest Indies. 1,063,624 pieces were minted in 1944, and an additional 941,929were minted in 1945 all were from dies dated 1944.

1937 (26,402) 8,148,1561938 6,402,4731939 1,355,8601940 7,914,4011941 7,979,4111942 4,144,0511943 1,379,2201944 2,005,5531945 371,60015253545602030405075

40557090

1.50203040508515253050854065

1.001.502.254060

1.001.402.00

1.001.502.002.503.505.007.0010.0012.0015.003.0045


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Nickel-Brass ThreepenceNICKEL-BRASS THREEPENCEEdward VIII 1936No coins bearing the portrait of Edward VIII were issued for circulation.Dies, however, were prepared for the anticipated coinage and a few specimenswere struck. A new type threepence was proposed and dies for a nickel-brasstwelve-sided coin were designed by T. H. Paget, obverse, and Miss MadgeKitchener, reverse. A few specimens, all dated 1937, somehow reached cir-culation. Normal and thin varieties of this coinage have been reported. They

are all extremely rare.The portrait is shown facing to the left as on the coins of George V. Thisbreak with the tradition of each monarch facing in the opposite direction wasat the King's own request. This circumstance was somewhat rectified by thecoins of George VI which also show the King's head facing left.

1937 Exceedingly rare $2,000.00George VI 1937-1952The nickel-brass threepence was introduced into the coinage of George VIdespite the fact that the silver threepence was also coined, simutaneously,

until 1946. The new type became popular immediately because of its con-venient size. The reverse design, that of a thrift plant, is an adaptation ofthe design intended for use on the threepence of Edward VIII.Most of the coinage of 1944, 1945 and 1946 was artifically darkened atthe Mint. In 1949 the legend was changed to eliminate IND:IMP:. Proofswere struck every year and all are very rare with the exception of those issuedin specimen sets for the years 1937, 1950 and 1951.

1937-1948Quantity Minted

Date Proof Regular1937 (26,402) 45,707,9571938 14,532,3321939 5,603,0211940 12,636,0181941 60,239,4891949-1952FineV. Fine Ex. FineUnc.Proof$ .15$ .25 $ .50$ .80$1.50.25.40 .751.25.30.45 .801.50.15.25 .55.90.15.25 .50.80[46]


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Nickel-Brass ThreepenceQuantity MintedDate Proof Regular1942 103,214,4001943 101,702,4001944 69,760,0001945 33,942,4661946 620,7341948 4,230,4001949 464,0001950 (17,513) 1,600,0001951 (20,000) 1,184,0001952 25,494,400FineV. FineEx. Fine Unc.Proof.15

$ .25$ .50$ .80152550801525508015255590

1.001.753.505.00253575

1.502.003.257.0010.00406590

1.502.5070

1.001.501.752.5015205590

Elizabeth II 1952-The portrait of Elizabeth II was designed by Mrs. Mary Gillick. Theearly dies of 1953 were not satisfactory and were recut during the year toproduce a more pleasing effigy. The reverse was designed by William Gardnerand depicts an an cient portcullis; a prototyp e of which was first used on coinsof Elizabeth I. In 1954 the portrait was further retouched and the legendaltered to eliminate BRITT: OMN: Proofs exist for every date and all arevery rare with the exception of 1953 coins which were issued in s pecimen set s.

19531953 (40,000) 30,618,0001954 41,720,000

1955 41,075,2001956 36,801,6001957 24,294,4001958 20,504,0001959 28,499,2001960 83,078,40019611962

1954-20303550

15253055

15253055

152530

5015253045

15202540202535152025152025152025

1.25SILVER SIXPENCEGeorge III 1760-1820Sixpences of George III were issued in 1787 of two different kinds. The list-

ng in this catalogue, however, properly begins with the last or "new" coinagedesigned by Pistrucci and introduced in 1816. It has as its des ign a garnishedshield, crowned, within a Garter.47]


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Silver Sixpence

Date Quantity Minted Good1816 $1.001817 10,921,680 1.001818 4,284,720 1.351819 4,712,400 1.351820 1,488,960 1.35

FineV. FineEx. FineUnc. Proof1.50$1.85$2.25$3.00

1.501.852.253.00 $12.001.752.252.754.00 15.001.752.252.754.00 12.001.752.252.754.00 12.00George IV 1820-1830The firs t coins of George IV show a laureated head facing left and are thework of Benedetto Pistrucci. The reverse shows an ornate crowned shieldsurrounded by thistle, rose and shamrock. The seco nd type has a square-

topped shield, crowned, surrounded by the Garter. In 1826 a new head wasdesigned, at the King's request, by William Wyon. The reverse shows a lionon a crown.An unusual variety of the 1821 sixpence originally read BITANNIAR. Thiswas changed in the die to BBITANNIAR with faint traces of the second Baltered to look like an R. The extremely rare pieces dated 1820 are patterns.

18211821 BBITANNIAR. . )863,2801824 633,6001825 483,1201826 689,0401.354.001.751.50

2.005.002.50

2.001824-18263.007.004.003.004.5010.005.504.506.0015.008.006.0012.005.00 6.50 8.00 12.00 18.00 20.00

1826 Incl. above1827 166,3201828 15,840

1829 403,9201.502.003.004.506.004.506.008.0012.0018.003.004.506.009.0012.001.502.003.004.50

6.009.0010.0048


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Silver SixpenceWilliam IV 1830-1837The proof coins of 1834, 1835 and 1836 all have a round top 3 in the date.All other coins have the normal 3 with straight top.

Date Quantity Minted Good Fine V. Fine Ex. Fine Unc. Proof1831 1,340,195 $1.25 $2.00 $3.00 $4.50 $6 .00 $10.001834 5,892,480 1.00 1.75 2.50 3.75 5.00 10.001835 1,552,320 2.00 2.50 3.50 5.00 7.50 25.001836 1,987,920 4.00 5.00 6.50 10.00 15.00 25.001837 506,880 2.00 2.50 3.50 5.00 7.50 30.00Victoria 1837-1901There are three distinguishable types of the first, or yound head of Victoriaused on the s ixpence. The changes were made in 1867 and 1880. Sixpencesdated 1864 through 1879 usually have a small die number just above the date.This number served as an identification and was changed on each new die.

First Young Head1838 1,607,760 1.00 1.501839 3,310,560 1.25 1.751840 2,098,800 1.75 2.501841 1,386,000 1.75 2.501842 601,920 2.00 3.001843 3,160,080 1.25 1.751844 3,975,840 1.25 1.751845 3,714,480 1.00 1.501846 4,268,880 1.25 1.751848 8 over 7 \eD, Qn 2.50 3.001848 J586.080 2 50 3.001849 205,920 2.50 3.001850 498,960 1.75 2.501851 2,288,107 1.75 2.501852 904,587 1.50 2.001853 3,837,930 1.25 1.751854 840,116 2.50 3.001855 1,129,084 1.00 1.501856 2,779,920 1.00 1.50

1.752.003.009.002.002.503.755.003.003.504.503.003.504.504.005.008.002.002.503.75

2.002.503.751.752.003.002.002.503.754.006.0011.004.006.0010.004.507.0012.003.003.50

5.003.003.505.002.503.004.002.002.503.757.004.507.0011.001.752.003.0010.001.752.00

3.00[49]


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Silver SixpenceDate Quantity Minted Good Fine V. Fine Ex. Fine Unc. Proof1857 2,233,440 $1.75 $2.50 $3.00 $3.50 $ 5.001858 1,932,480 1.75 2.50 3.00 3.50 5.00 $25.001859 4,688,640 1.25 1.75 2.00 2.50 3.751860 1,100,880 1.75 2.50 3.00 3.50 5.001861 601,920 2.75 3.25 5.00 8.00 13.00

1862 990,000 2.50 3.00 4.50 7.00 11.001863 491,040 2.50 3.00 4.50 7.00 11.001864 4,253,040 1.25 1.75 2.00 2.50 3.751865 1,631,520 1.75 2.50 3.00 3.50 5.001866 5,140,080 1.00 1.50 1.75 2.00 3.00Second Young Head1867 1,362,240 2.50 3.00 4.50 7.00 11.00 25.001868 1,069,200 2.50 3.00 4.50 7.00 11.001869 388,080 2.50 3.00 4.50 7.00 12.00

1870 479,613 2.50 3.00 4.50 7.00 12.00 25.001871 3,662,684 1.75 2.50 3.00 3.50 5.00 30.001872 3,382,048 1.75 2.50 3.00 3.50 5.001873 4,594,733 1.25 1.75 2.00 2.50 3.751874 4,225,726 1.25 1.75 2.00 2.50 3.751875 3,256,545 1.25 1.75 2.00 2.50 3.751876 841,435 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 7.501877 4,066,486 1.25 1.75 2.00 2.50 3.751878 \, fiM , 1-25 1.75 2.00 2.50 3.75 25.00

1878 DRITANNIAR.r'0^,5" 2.50 3.25 4.75 8.00 13.001879 3,326,313 2.50 3.00 4.50 7.00 11.00 25.00Third Young Head1880 3,892,501 1.75 2.50 3.00 3.50 5.00 15.001881 6,239,447 1.25 1.75 2.00 2.50 3.75 15.001882 759,809 3.00 4.50 6.00 8.00 15.001883 4,986,558 1.25 1.75 2.00 2.50 3.751884 3,422,565 1.25 1.75 2.00 2.50 3.751885 4,652,771 1.25 1.75 2.00 2.50 3.75 25.00

1886 2,728,249 1.00 1.50 1.75 2.00 3.00 25.001887 All kinds 3,675,607 1.00 1.50 1.75 2.00 3.00 15.00In 1887 a new type coinage was issued to celebrate the Queen's goldenjubilee. The first design used on the sixpence was found unsatisfactory be-cause of its resemblance to the half-sovereign and was changed late in the yearto the familar crowned SIX PENCE.

"Withdrawn" Jubilee Type 1887

1887 Withdrawn typeSecond Jubilee Type 1887-1893All kinds 3,675,607 .65 1.00 1.25 1.50 2.00 6.00150]


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Silver SixpenceQuantity MintedDate Proof Regular1887 Crowned SIX PENCEAll kinds 3,675,6071888 4,197,6981889 8,738,9281890 9,386,9551891 7,022,7341892 6,245,7461893 7,350,619

GoodFine

V. FineEx. FineUnc.! .65$1.00$1.25$1.50$2.0070

1.101.451.752.7570

1.101.451.75

2.7575

1.251.501.802.8090

1.501.752.003.0080

1.451.601.903.00

3.004.506.008.0015.00VictoriaVeiled HeadProof$8.001893 (1,312). Incl. above .70 1.10 1.45 1.75 2.751894 3,467,704 .90 1.50 1.75 2.00 3.001895 7,024,631 .80 1.45 1.60 1.90 3.001896 6,651,699 1.00 1.50 1.75 2.00 3.251897 5,031,498 .60 .90 1.20 1.50 2.001898 5,914,100 .55 .75 1.00 1.25 1.751899 7,996,804 1.00 1.50 1.75 2.00 3.001900 8,984,354 .50 .70 1.00 1.25 1.75

1901 5,108,757 .50 .70 1.00 1.25 1.755.00Edward VII 1901-1910

The proof coins issued in the specimen sets of 1902 all have a dull mattesurface.1902 (15,123) 6,367,378 .60 .90 1.20 1.50 2.00 5.001903 5,410,096 .85 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.251904 4,487,098 1.00 1.50 1.75 2.00 3.001905 4,235,55

a guide book of english coins, nineteenth and twentieth centuries : a complete, illustrated...

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