a history of urban residential planning of dhaka
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A morphological description of Urban Residential growth of Dhaka cityTRANSCRIPT
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15 million
A History of Urban Residential Planning of Dhaka
Pre Mughal PeriodKamrup 7th-8th C
Sena Kings 9th CDhakaLakshmi Bazar
Shankhari Bazar Tanti BazarTurks and Pathan 1299-1608
Mughal PeriodIbrahim Khan (1616-1620)Population 1 million
Shopping Centres: Bangla Bazar and ChaukOld Fort : Nucleus of the city Low Income Dulai khal, Buriganga River, Pill Khana and Mahut Tuli High Income Bakshi bazaar Cottage industriesShaista Khan (1662-1689) Tejgaon: Manufacturing centre High Income ResidenceLow Income Residence
1859Inception British Rule 1765Decline Famine, Flood and Fires Fall in trade
The Appointment of Sir Patrick Geddes in 1906Plan never adopted
Revival by Charles DawesWidening of road , new buildings for administration and education near Victoria park
University of Dhaka 1921Expansion of low income residence towards NawabganjMiddle income residence: Bakshi Bazar, Dewan Bazar, Nawab Katra, Aga Sadeq Road, Begum Bazat, Armanitola, Bangla Bazar & Lakshmi Bazar High income residence: By the banks of Buriganga for half a mile from North brook hall to the Ahsan Manzil Gandaria, Wari, Purana PaltanIntroduction: Grid pattern road at Wari & Gandaria1905 - 1911High Income ResidenceLow Income ResidenceMiddle Income ResidenceRace Course in Ramna 1825
1959: DACCA MASTER PLAN
The first comprehensive master plan By the firm Minupria & Macfarlane in 1958Objective Establish planning principles Failure Unusual growth, increase of population and changes in socio-political conditions
Pakistan created 14th Aug 1947, Dhaka Capital
103% increase of populationExpansion: From 6 sq. miles in 1947 to 25 sq. miles in 1962.
New official buildings in Ramna areaGovernment quarters/colony built in Dhakeshwari, Polashi Barrack,Bajar Bagh, Shantinagar, Motijheel and Azimpur area; Shiddheshwari, Kakrail - KamlapurPurana Paltan Naya Paltan, Eskaton Mogbazar, Shiddheswari, Kakrail Kamlapur, Rajar Bagh, Shegun BagichaNew DhakaMotijheel and national stadium established in 1954
Dhanmondi 1955 Belt towards Mohammadpur & MirpurLow lying settlement at East and West Private Development e.g Bashundhara Slums The city was planned for l0 lakh people in 1959
High Income ResidenceLow Income ResidenceMiddle Income Residence 1981: DHAKA METROPOLITAN AREA INTEGRATED URBAN DEVELOPMENT The master plan -1959 Out of fashion Impossible to control vast unplanned development
Focus Planning the storm water drainage and flood problems of Dhaka metropolitan area Planning on acquiring developed land were done to ensure linear growth of settlement1995: DHAKA METROPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN
By Mott Macdonald in association with Culpin Planning Ltd 4 major componentsStrategic Growth Structure PlanUrban Area PlanDetailed Area Plan
Long Term strategy plan for 20 years to 2015
Implementation of Flood Action PlanPeripheral expansion on east and west of Suburban & Agricultural landNorthern area Wealthier groups
DAP Land Use PlanLand Use in 2004
Land Formation Map
Private Housing Approved by Gov.
Private Housing disapproved by Gov. Illegal Housing Public Housing
SuperimposedProblems Inadequate supply of land and its inelasticity Less than 30% of the households of the city own more than 80% of the total land.The government can meet only 7% of the total demand, whereas private sector entertains the bulk of 93% of the total housing demand. The developers buy land at low price and sale it about more than 15 times high rateLack of government monitoring Poor transport networkCostly transport cost compared to incomeCompetitive and alternative use of land Increasing pressure of rising population on land.
Planned
WariRamnaDhanmondiGulshanBananiMirpur UttaraKhilgaonMohakhali East RampuraReazbagh
Unplanned
MeradiaShahjaharipurMalibagPurana Paltan Kathal Bagan Jahanara Imam SaraneeSiddeshwari New Eskaton Moghbazar Chairman Goli Shegun Bagicha Paribagh
Baridhara Residential Area, Diplomatic
The area is basically a residential area, even though a large number of structures are found under non-residential use On the south of the Baridhara Residential Area lies Diplomatic
There seems to be a trend towards ribbon like informal commercial developments by the side of Progati Sarani
Shahjadpur-Badda
Shahjadpur-Badda is an informal or spontaneously developed private residential area It is a medium density mixed area with all the ills of unorganized development Roads are narrow and tortuous. The area is dominated by the middle and lower middle income groups of people
Uttara Model Town in Dhaka City The satellite town was created to solve the housing problem of middle class in the 70s modelled on housing solutions done on 60s in the central area and northern areas of Dhaka city. The project failed to serve the middle class as a whole. Almost 75% of the plots were not inhabited by 80s.
People with the ability to invest purchased plots that were left unused since most applicants were government service holders living in government housing
Dhanmondi Exclusively as residential
At the initial stage, the idea was that in each plot the owner would build a one or two storey house. However, in response to tremendous pressure on city land after the year 1972, the restriction was relaxed to the point of virtual nonapplication
Currently more than half are used for commercial and other purposes
Mohakhali
Mohakhali is predominantly commercial with few residential zones
Location 6 Concentration on the western side of the planning area. Development prior to 1990 occurred mainly along the sides of four main roads namely-Khilkhet-Nampara road, Kawla road, Ashkona road and Shahid Latif road.
Location of Settlement and cost of land direct relationship between land level and proximity to services.
Slums
In early 1990 majority of the slums were located on public lands and later 90s the government
Many slums were evicted from public properties.
77% of Slums on private lands.60% of 15 million people in dhaka live in slumsThese disappointments are because Land speculation and unfair land ownership patternLack of understanding of the peoples socio economic conditionLack of implementation, capacity and resources Lack of political support and interests
Singapore
"Dhaka gained its current shape as millions sought to convert the space to meet their need to find dwelling and livelihood. In the process they defied all the grids and designs proposed by the urban planners. The beauty of Dhaka is that it functions at all.University of Asia PacificAroni Roy Tanvir ChowdhuryAnjuman Rehana Usha