a hybrid approach for an economic valuation of marine and coastal ecosystem services 2nd meeting of...
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A hybrid approach for an economic valuation of marine and coastal ecosystem services
2nd Meeting of the Expert Group on Marine Research Infrastructure European Commission, Brussels, 4 May 2010
Paulo A.L.D. Nunes
University of Venice and Eni Enrico Mattei Foundation, Italy
Managing oceans for human well-being
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Setting the scene
To develop a (1) systematic, (2) worldwide-based, (3) socio-
economic valuation framework that allows to elicit ecosytems values
provided by marine and coastal ecosystems;
To implement a socio-economic model by exploring meta-analytical
quantitative tool box in combination with GIS techniques
Objective: (1) scale up ecosytem services values and (2) map
globally the recreation values of coastal ecosystems;
Follow-up: to assess, the potential impact of climate change on the
estimated values, and respective distributional trends.
Overview
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1. Setting the scene: people depend on oceans
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Valuing Ecosystem Services (TEEB Report, page 33)
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1. Setting the scene: research consortium
SAMS, European Invesment Bank
University of West Indies
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama
University of Vermont, US
IUCN
UNEP - WCMC
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Establishing a scenario analysis (TEEB Report, page 34)
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2. Valuation framework: A hybrid approach of economic valuation
Valuing coastalecosystem goods
and services
Market priced benefits
Un-priced benefits
(non-market)
Wood Forest Products (WFPs)
Climate Regulation(i.e. stocked
carbon in forest)
Recreation Passive use values (e.g. existence value)
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2. Valuation framework: A hybrid approach of economic valuation
Valuing coastalecosystem goods
and services
Market priced benefits
Un-priced benefits
(non-market)
Fisheries/Tourism Climate RegulationCoastal Protection
Recreation Passive use values (e.g. existence value)
Provisioning services
Regulatingservices
Culturalservices
Market priceanalysis
Avoided damage costs
Revelead and statedpreference methods
Meta analysis and Value transfer
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3. Worldwide dataset on valuation studies of recreation in coastal areas
WTP for recreation and passive use in US Atlantic Coast and Caribbean
(US$ 2003 / person year)
0 - 50
50 - 100
100 - 200
200 - 400
400 - 700
700 - 1,000
1,000 - 1,500
1,500 - 2,200
2,200 - 3,300
3,300 - 6,500
0 500 1,000250 Km
Global overview of primary valuation data
590 observations
153 studies
33 countries
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4. Methodology: meta-analysis of non-market valuations
Valuation study variables (Xs)
Valuation method(stated, revealed preference)
Welfare measure(Marshallian CS, equivalent variation, compensating variation)
Year of primary data
iCiCWiWSiSi uXbXbXbay )ln(
yi = unit value of coastal zones for recreational activities, standardized to 2003 $/ha/year (PPP)
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4. Methodology: meta-analysis of non-market valuations
Valuation study variables (Xs)
Valuation method(stated, revealed preference)
Welfare measure(Marshallian CS, equivalent variation, compensating variation)
Year of primary data
Site variables (XW)
Ecosystem size
Ecosystem type(coral reef, beach, other)
Ecosystem service(fishing, non-extractive)
Protection level(protected area, no protection)
iCiCWiWSiSi uXbXbXbay )ln(
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4. Methodology: meta-analysis of non-market valuations
Valuation study variables (Xs)
Valuation method(stated, revealed preference)
Welfare measure(Marshallian CS, equivalent variation, compensating variation)
Year of primary data
Site variables (XW)
Ecosystem size
Ecosystem type(coral reef, beach, other)
Ecosystem service(fishing, non-extractive)
Protection level(protected area, no protection)
Context variables (XC)
GDP per capita(at countrylevel)
Population density(georeferenced)
Marine biodiversity index(Shannon index: georeferenced)
Anthropogenic pressure(nutrient concentration: georeferenced)
Human development index(low, medium, high: georeferenced)
Accessibility(travel time to nearest city: georeferenced)
iCiCWiWSiSi uXbXbXbay )ln(
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5. GIS-based characterization of valued sites and context
0 250 500125 Km
Great Barrier Reef (6,000 km)
Fitzroy estuary (150 km)
Fraser island (300 km)
Mooloolaba beach (4 km)
Mooloolaba beach
0 10 205 Km
20 K
m
• Shapefiles of the valued
sites (polylines) were constructed in ArcGIS
• The value of the context variables was estimated in a 20 Km buffer around each shapefile
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6. Interpretation of econometric results
• Coral reefs and sandy beaches provide the highest recreational values.
• Income effects and proximity to the market of potential visitors significantly affect values.
• A high level of anthropogenic pressure and scarce accessibility have a negative impact.
• Sites with high marine biodiversity and low level of human development are valued highly.
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6. Benefit transfer and scaling up: A global map of coastal recreation values
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Legend
Recreational valueUS$ / ha year (ln)
High : 9.56
Low : -5.89
0 500 1,000250 Km
6. Benefit transfer and scaling up: A global map of coastal recreation values
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7. Discussion of value transfer results
• High values in Mediterranean Europe, UK, California, Florida and US East Coast determined by high accessibility, population density and income effects and despite high development and pressure.
• Similarly, high population density in various areas in India and China positively influence values despite the high anthropogenic pressure.
• Scarce accessibility and low population density along most of the Australian and South American coast result in relatively low values.
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8. Key messages and recommendations
• Non-market values of coastal recreation are substantial and should be
taken into account in policy decision for the development or
preservation of coastal habitats & environment damage assessments.
• Recreation values are highly dependent upon a number of contextual
variables including level of development of a certain region,
accessibility to the site, population density, biodiversity richness, and
level of integrity of the ecosystem.
• This implies that from the perspective of recreation values, habitat
conservation may focus on areas which are of high ecological values
(e.g., rich in biodiversity) but low economic values because located in
remote areas with low accessibility.
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9. Contacts
and thank you for your attention.
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Governance is key to managing oceans